Isolated polynucleotides, polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing abiotic stress tolerance, biomass and yield of plants

ABSTRACT

Provided are isolated polypeptides which are at least 80% homologous to SEQ ID NOs: 552-897 and 6029-10629, isolated polynucleotides which are at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-551 and 898-6028, nucleic acid constructs comprising same, transgenic cells expressing same, transgenic plants expressing same and method of using same for increasing yield, abiotic stress tolerance, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, photosynthetic capacity, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/311,205 filed on Nov. 15, 2016, which is a National Phase of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IL2015/050550 having International Filing Date of May 27, 2015 which claims benefit of under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/075,940 filed on Nov. 6, 2014 and 62/003,599 filed on May 28, 2014.

The contents of the above applications are all incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein in their entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING STATEMENT

The ASCII file, entitled 75107SequenceListing.txt, created on Aug. 14, 2018, comprising 28,554,070 bytes, submitted concurrently with the filing of this application is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to isolated polypeptides and polynucleotides, nucleic acid constructs comprising same, transgenic cells comprising same, transgenic plants exogenously expressing same and more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods of using same for increasing yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield), biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.

Yield is affected by various factors, such as, the number and size of the plant organs, plant architecture (for example, the number of branches), grains set length, number of filled grains, vigor (e.g. seedling), growth rate, root development, utilization of water, nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) and fertilizers, and stress tolerance.

Crops such as, corn, rice, wheat, canola and soybean account for over half of total human caloric intake, whether through direct consumption of the seeds themselves or through consumption of meat products raised on processed seeds or forage. Seeds are also a source of sugars, proteins and oils and metabolites used in industrial processes. The ability to increase plant yield, whether through increase dry matter accumulation rate, modifying cellulose or lignin composition, increase stalk strength, enlarge meristem size, change of plant branching pattern, erectness of leaves, increase in fertilization efficiency, enhanced seed dry matter accumulation rate, modification of seed development, enhanced seed filling or by increasing the content of oil, starch or protein in the seeds would have many applications in agricultural and non-agricultural uses such as in the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals, antibodies or vaccines.

Vegetable or seed oils are the major source of energy and nutrition in human and animal diet. They are also used for the production of industrial products, such as paints, inks and lubricants. In addition, plant oils represent renewable sources of long-chain hydrocarbons which can be used as fuel. Since the currently used fossil fuels are finite resources and are gradually being depleted, fast growing biomass crops may be used as alternative fuels or for energy feedstocks and may reduce the dependence on fossil energy supplies. However, the major bottleneck for increasing consumption of plant oils as bio-fuel is the oil price, which is still higher than fossil fuel. In addition, the production rate of plant oil is limited by the availability of agricultural land and water. Thus, increasing plant oil yields from the same growing area can effectively overcome the shortage in production space and can decrease vegetable oil prices at the same time.

Studies aiming at increasing plant oil yields focus on the identification of genes involved in oil metabolism as well as in genes capable of increasing plant and seed yields in transgenic plants. Genes known to be involved in increasing plant oil yields include those participating in fatty acid synthesis or sequestering such as desaturase [e.g., DELTA6, DELTA12 or acyl-ACP (Ssi2; Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR; arabidopsis (dot) org/), TAIR No. AT2G43710)], OleosinA (TAIR No. AT3G01570) or FAD3 (TAR No. AT2G29980), and various transcription factors and activators such as Led 1 [TAIR No. AT1G21970, Lotan et al. 1998. Cell. 26; 93(7):1195-205], Lec2 [TAIR No. AT1G28300, Santos Mendoza et al. 2005, FEBS Lett. 579(20:4666-70], Fus3 (TAIR No. AT3G26790), ABI3 [TAIR No. AT3G24650, Lara et al. 2003. J Biol Chem. 278(23): 21003-11] and Wri1 [TAIR No. AT3G54320, Cernac and Benning, 2004. Plant J. 40(4): 575-85].

Genetic engineering efforts aiming at increasing oil content in plants (e.g., in seeds) include upregulating endoplasmic reticulum (FAD3) and plastidal (FAD7) fatty acid desaturases in potato (Zabrouskov V., et al., 2002; Physiol Plant. 116:172-185); over-expressing the GmDof4 and GmDof11 transcription factors (Wang H W et al., 2007; Plant J. 52:716-29); over-expressing a yeast glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase under the control of a seed-specific promoter (Vigeolas H, et al. 2007, Plant Biotechnol J. 5:431-41; U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20060168684); using Arabidopsis FAE1 and yeast SLC1-1 genes for improvements in erucic acid and oil content in rapeseed (Katavic V, et al., 2000, Biochem Soc Trans. 28:935-7).

Various patent applications disclose genes and proteins which can increase oil content in plants. These include for example, U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20080076179 (lipid metabolism protein); U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20060206961 (the Ypr140w polypeptide); U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20060174373 [triacylglycerols synthesis enhancing protein (TEP)]; U.S. Pat. Appl. Nos. 20070169219, 20070006345, 20070006346 and 20060195943 (disclose transgenic plants with improved nitrogen use efficiency which can be used for the conversion into fuel or chemical feedstocks); WO2008/122980 (polynucleotides for increasing oil content, growth rate, biomass, yield and/or vigor of a plant).

A common approach to promote plant growth has been, and continues to be, the use of natural as well as synthetic nutrients (fertilizers). Thus, fertilizers are the fuel behind the “green revolution”, directly responsible for the exceptional increase in crop yields during the last 40 years, and are considered the number one overhead expense in agriculture. For example, inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or urea, typically accounts for 40% of the costs associated with crops such as corn and wheat. Of the three macronutrients provided as main fertilizers [Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P) and Potassium (K)], nitrogen is often the rate-limiting element in plant growth and all field crops have a fundamental dependence on inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer. Nitrogen is responsible for biosynthesis of amino and nucleic acids, prosthetic groups, plant hormones, plant chemical defenses, etc. and usually needs to be replenished every year, particularly for cereals, which comprise more than half of the cultivated areas worldwide. Thus, nitrogen is translocated to the shoot, where it is stored in the leaves and stalk during the rapid step of plant development and up until flowering. In corn for example, plants accumulate the bulk of their organic nitrogen during the period of grain germination, and until flowering. Once fertilization of the plant has occurred, grains begin to form and become the main sink of plant nitrogen. The stored nitrogen can be then redistributed from the leaves and stalk that served as storage compartments until grain formation.

Since fertilizer is rapidly depleted from most soil types, it must be supplied to growing crops two or three times during the growing season. In addition, the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the main crops (e.g., in the range of only 30-70%) negatively affects the input expenses for the farmer, due to the excess fertilizer applied. Moreover, the over and inefficient use of fertilizers are major factors responsible for environmental problems such as eutrophication of groundwater, lakes, rivers and seas, nitrate pollution in drinking water which can cause methemoglobinemia, phosphate pollution, atmospheric pollution and the like. However, in spite of the negative impact of fertilizers on the environment, and the limits on fertilizer use, which have been legislated in several countries, the use of fertilizers is expected to increase in order to support food and fiber production for rapid population growth on limited land resources. For example, it has been estimated that by 2050, more than 150 million tons of nitrogenous fertilizer will be used worldwide annually.

Increased use efficiency of nitrogen by plants should enable crops to be cultivated with lower fertilizer input, or alternatively to be cultivated on soils of poorer quality and would therefore have significant economic impact in both developed and developing agricultural systems.

Genetic improvement of fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) in plants can be generated either via traditional breeding or via genetic engineering.

Attempts to generate plants with increased FUE have been described in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publication No. 20020046419 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,055 to Choo, et al.); U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20050108791 to Edgerton et al.; U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 20060179511 to Chomet et al.; Good, A, et al. 2007 (Engineering nitrogen use efficiency with alanine aminotransferase. Canadian Journal of Botany 85: 252-262); and Good A G et al. 2004 (Trends Plant Sci. 9:597-605).

Yanagisawa et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004 101:7833-8) describe Dof1 transgenic plants which exhibit improved growth under low-nitrogen conditions.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,084,153 to Good et al. discloses the use of a stress responsive promoter to control the expression of Alanine Amine Transferase (AlaAT) and transgenic canola plants with improved drought and nitrogen deficiency tolerance when compared to control plants.

Abiotic stress (ABS; also referred to as “environmental stress”) conditions such as salinity, drought, flood, suboptimal temperature and toxic chemical pollution, cause substantial damage to agricultural plants. Most plants have evolved strategies to protect themselves against these conditions. However, if the severity and duration of the stress conditions are too great, the effects on plant development, growth and yield of most crop plants are profound. Furthermore, most of the crop plants are highly susceptible to abiotic stress and thus necessitate optimal growth conditions for commercial crop yields. Continuous exposure to stress causes major alterations in the plant metabolism which ultimately leads to cell death and consequently yield losses.

Drought is a gradual phenomenon, which involves periods of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce serious hydrologic imbalances such as crop damage, water supply shortage and increased susceptibility to various diseases. In severe cases, drought can last many years and results in devastating effects on agriculture and water supplies. Furthermore, drought is associated with increase susceptibility to various diseases.

For most crop plants, the land regions of the world are too arid. In addition, overuse of available water results in increased loss of agriculturally-usable land (desertification), and increase of salt accumulation in soils adds to the loss of available water in soils.

Salinity, high salt levels, affects one in five hectares of irrigated land. None of the top five food crops, i.e., wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, and soybean, can tolerate excessive salt. Detrimental effects of salt on plants result from both water deficit, which leads to osmotic stress (similar to drought stress), and the effect of excess sodium ions on critical biochemical processes. As with freezing and drought, high salt causes water deficit; and the presence of high salt makes it difficult for plant roots to extract water from their environment. Soil salinity is thus one of the more important variables that determine whether a plant may thrive. In many parts of the world, sizable land areas are uncultivable due to naturally high soil salinity. Thus, salination of soils that are used for agricultural production is a significant and increasing problem in regions that rely heavily on agriculture, and is worsen by over-utilization, over-fertilization and water shortage, typically caused by climatic change and the demands of increasing population. Salt tolerance is of particular importance early in a plant's lifecycle, since evaporation from the soil surface causes upward water movement, and salt accumulates in the upper soil layer where the seeds are placed. On the other hand, germination normally takes place at a salt concentration which is higher than the mean salt level in the whole soil profile.

Salt and drought stress signal transduction consist of ionic and osmotic homeostasis signaling pathways. The ionic aspect of salt stress is signaled via the SOS pathway where a calcium-responsive SOS3-SOS2 protein kinase complex controls the expression and activity of ion transporters such as SOS1. The osmotic component of salt stress involves complex plant reactions that overlap with drought and/or cold stress responses.

Suboptimal temperatures affect plant growth and development through the whole plant life cycle. Thus, low temperatures reduce germination rate and high temperatures result in leaf necrosis. In addition, mature plants that are exposed to excess of heat may experience heat shock, which may arise in various organs, including leaves and particularly fruit, when transpiration is insufficient to overcome heat stress. Heat also damages cellular structures, including organelles and cytoskeleton, and impairs membrane function. Heat shock may produce a decrease in overall protein synthesis, accompanied by expression of heat shock proteins, e.g., chaperones, which are involved in refolding proteins denatured by heat. High-temperature damage to pollen almost always occurs in conjunction with drought stress, and rarely occurs under well-watered conditions. Combined stress can alter plant metabolism in novel ways. Excessive chilling conditions, e.g., low, but above freezing, temperatures affect crops of tropical origins, such as soybean, rice, maize, and cotton. Typical chilling damage includes wilting, necrosis, chlorosis or leakage of ions from cell membranes. The underlying mechanisms of chilling sensitivity are not completely understood yet, but probably involve the level of membrane saturation and other physiological deficiencies. Excessive light conditions, which occur under clear atmospheric conditions subsequent to cold late summer/autumn nights, can lead to photoinhibition of photosynthesis (disruption of photosynthesis). In addition, chilling may lead to yield losses and lower product quality through the delayed ripening of maize.

Common aspects of drought, cold and salt stress response [Reviewed in Xiong and Zhu (2002) Plant Cell Environ. 25: 131-139] include: (a) transient changes in the cytoplasmic calcium levels early in the signaling event; (b) signal transduction via mitogen-activated and/or calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and protein phosphatases; (c) increases in abscisic acid levels in response to stress triggering a subset of responses; (d) inositol phosphates as signal molecules (at least for a subset of the stress responsive transcriptional changes; (e) activation of phospholipases which in turn generates a diverse array of second messenger molecules, some of which might regulate the activity of stress responsive kinases; (f) induction of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) type genes including the CRT/DRE responsive COR/RD genes; (g) increased levels of antioxidants and compatible osmolytes such as proline and soluble sugars; and (h) accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Abscisic acid biosynthesis is regulated by osmotic stress at multiple steps. Both ABA-dependent and -independent osmotic stress signaling first modify constitutively expressed transcription factors, leading to the expression of early response transcriptional activators, which then activate downstream stress tolerance effector genes.

Several genes which increase tolerance to cold or salt stress can also improve drought stress protection, these include for example, the transcription factor AtCBF/DREB1, OsCDPK7 (Saijo et al. 2000, Plant J. 23: 319-327) or AVP1 (a vacuolar pyrophosphatase-proton pump, Gaxiola et al. 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 11444-11449).

Studies have shown that plant adaptations to adverse environmental conditions are complex genetic traits with polygenic nature. Conventional means for crop and horticultural improvements utilize selective breeding techniques to identify plants having desirable characteristics. However, selective breeding is tedious, time consuming and has an unpredictable outcome. Furthermore, limited germplasm resources for yield improvement and incompatibility in crosses between distantly related plant species represent significant problems encountered in conventional breeding. Advances in genetic engineering have allowed mankind to modify the germplasm of plants by expression of genes-of-interest in plants. Such a technology has the capacity to generate crops or plants with improved economic, agronomic or horticultural traits.

Genetic engineering efforts, aimed at conferring abiotic stress tolerance to transgenic crops, have been described in various publications [Apse and Blumwald (Curr Opin Biotechnol. 13:146-150, 2002), Quesada et al. (Plant Physiol. 130:951-963, 2002), Holmström et al. (Nature 379: 683-684, 1996), Xu et al. (Plant Physiol 110: 249-257, 1996), Pilon-Smits and Ebskamp (Plant Physiol 107: 125-130, 1995) and Tarczynski et al. (Science 259: 508-510, 1993)].

Various patents and patent applications disclose genes and proteins which can be used for increasing tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. These include for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,296,462 and 5,356,816 (for increasing tolerance to cold stress); U.S. Pat. No. 6,670,528 (for increasing ABST); U.S. Pat. No. 6,720,477 (for increasing ABST); U.S. application Ser. Nos. 09/938,842 and 10/342,224 (for increasing ABST); U.S. application Ser. No. 10/231,035 (for increasing ABST); WO2004/104162 (for increasing ABST and biomass); WO2007/020638 (for increasing ABST, biomass, vigor and/or yield); WO2007/049275 (for increasing ABST, biomass, vigor and/or yield); WO2010/076756 (for increasing ABST, biomass and/or yield). WO2009/083958 (for increasing water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, yield and/or biomass); WO2010/020941 (for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, yield and/or biomass); WO2009/141824 (for increasing plant utility); WO2010/049897 (for increasing plant yield).

Nutrient deficiencies cause adaptations of the root architecture, particularly notably for example is the root proliferation within nutrient rich patches to increase nutrient uptake. Nutrient deficiencies cause also the activation of plant metabolic pathways which maximize the absorption, assimilation and distribution processes such as by activating architectural changes. Engineering the expression of the triggered genes may cause the plant to exhibit the architectural changes and enhanced metabolism also under other conditions.

In addition, it is widely known that the plants usually respond to water deficiency by creating a deeper root system that allows access to moisture located in deeper soil layers. Triggering this effect will allow the plants to access nutrients and water located in deeper soil horizons particularly those readily dissolved in water like nitrates.

Cotton and cotton by-products provide raw materials that are used to produce a wealth of consumer-based products in addition to textiles including cotton foodstuffs, livestock feed, fertilizer and paper. The production, marketing, consumption and trade of cotton-based products generate an excess of $100 billion annually in the U.S. alone, making cotton the number one value-added crop.

Even though 90% of cotton's value as a crop resides in the fiber (lint), yield and fiber quality has declined due to general erosion in genetic diversity of cotton varieties, and an increased vulnerability of the crop to environmental conditions.

There are many varieties of cotton plant, from which cotton fibers with a range of characteristics can be obtained and used for various applications. Cotton fibers may be characterized according to a variety of properties, some of which are considered highly desirable within the textile industry for the production of increasingly high quality products and optimal exploitation of modem spinning technologies. Commercially desirable properties include length, length uniformity, fineness, maturity ratio, decreased fuzz fiber production, micronaire, bundle strength, and single fiber strength. Much effort has been put into the improvement of the characteristics of cotton fibers mainly focusing on fiber length and fiber fineness. In particular, there is a great demand for cotton fibers of specific lengths.

A cotton fiber is composed of a single cell that has differentiated from an epidermal cell of the seed coat, developing through four stages, i.e., initiation, elongation, secondary cell wall thickening and maturation stages. More specifically, the elongation of a cotton fiber commences in the epidermal cell of the ovule immediately following flowering, after which the cotton fiber rapidly elongates for approximately 21 days. Fiber elongation is then terminated, and a secondary cell wall is formed and grown through maturation to become a mature cotton fiber.

Several candidate genes which are associated with the elongation, formation, quality and yield of cotton fibers were disclosed in various patent applications such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,100 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 08/580,545, 08/867,484 and 09/262,653 (describing genes involved in cotton fiber elongation stage); WO0245485 (improving fiber quality by modulating sucrose synthase); U.S. Pat. No. 6,472,588 and WO0117333 (increasing fiber quality by transformation with a DNA encoding sucrose phosphate synthase); WO9508914 (using a fiber-specific promoter and a coding sequence encoding cotton peroxidase); WO9626639 (using an ovary specific promoter sequence to express plant growth modifying hormones in cotton ovule tissue, for altering fiber quality characteristics such as fiber dimension and strength); U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,981,834, 5,597,718, 5,620,882, 5,521,708 and 5,495,070 (coding sequences to alter the fiber characteristics of transgenic fiber producing plants); U.S. patent applications U.S. 2002049999 and U.S. 2003074697 (expressing a gene coding for endoxyloglucan transferase, catalase or peroxidase for improving cotton fiber characteristics); WO 01/40250 (improving cotton fiber quality by modulating transcription factor gene expression); WO 96/40924 (a cotton fiber transcriptional initiation regulatory region associated which is expressed in cotton fiber); EP0834566 (a gene which controls the fiber formation mechanism in cotton plant); WO2005/121364 (improving cotton fiber quality by modulating gene expression); WO2008/075364 (improving fiber quality, yield/biomass/vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance of plants).

WO publication No. 2004/104162 discloses methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance and/or biomass in plants and plants generated thereby.

WO publication No. 2004/111183 discloses nucleotide sequences for regulating gene expression in plant trichomes and constructs and methods utilizing same.

WO publication No. 2004/081173 discloses novel plant derived regulatory sequences and constructs and methods of using such sequences for directing expression of exogenous polynucleotide sequences in plants.

WO publication No. 2005/121364 discloses polynucleotides and polypeptides involved in plant fiber development and methods of using same for improving fiber quality, yield and/or biomass of a fiber producing plant.

WO publication No. 2007/049275 discloses isolated polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding same, transgenic plants expressing same and methods of using same for increasing fertilizer use efficiency, plant abiotic stress tolerance and biomass.

WO publication No. 2007/020638 discloses methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance and/or biomass in plants and plants generated thereby.

WO publication No. 2008/122980 discloses genes constructs and methods for increasing oil content, growth rate and biomass of plants.

WO publication No. 2008/075364 discloses polynucleotides involved in plant fiber development and methods of using same.

WO publication No. 2009/083958 discloses methods of increasing water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, yield and biomass in plant and plants generated thereby.

WO publication No. 2009/141824 discloses isolated polynucleotides and methods using same for increasing plant utility.

WO publication No. 2009/013750 discloses genes, constructs and methods of increasing abiotic stress tolerance, biomass and/or yield in plants generated thereby.

WO publication No. 2010/020941 discloses methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, yield and biomass in plants and plants generated thereby.

WO publication No. 2010/076756 discloses isolated polynucleotides for increasing abiotic stress tolerance, yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant.

WO2010/100595 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

WO publication No. 2010/049897 discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing plant yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance of plants and nitrogen use efficiency.

WO2010/143138 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency

WO publication No. 2011/080674 discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing plant yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance of plants and nitrogen use efficiency.

WO2011/015985 publication discloses polynucleotides and polypeptides for increasing desirable plant qualities.

WO2011/135527 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

WO2012/028993 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, and/or abiotic stress tolerance.

WO2012/085862 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for improving plant properties.

WO2012/150598 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing plant yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance of plants and nitrogen use efficiency.

WO2013/027223 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

WO2013/080203 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, and/or abiotic stress tolerance.

WO2013/098819 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing yield of plants.

WO2013/128448 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing plant yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance of plants and nitrogen use efficiency.

WO 2013/179211 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

WO2014/033714 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides, polypeptides and methods of using same for increasing abiotic stress tolerance, biomass and yield of plants.

WO2014/102773 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency of plants.

WO2014/102774 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, construct and plants comprising same and methods of using same for increasing nitrogen use efficiency of plants.

WO2014/188428 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

WO2015/029031 publication discloses isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, and methods of using same for increasing plant yield and/or agricultural characteristics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629, thereby increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629, thereby increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629, wherein the crop plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or increased abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and the crop plant having the increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or increased abiotic stress tolerance, thereby producing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, thereby increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, thereby increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is at least 80% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, wherein the crop plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or increased abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and the crop plant having the increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or increased abiotic stress tolerance, thereby producing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629, wherein the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 or 6028, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is capable of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention, and a promoter for directing transcription of the nucleic acid sequence in a host cell.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629, wherein the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided an isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention, or the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polypeptide of some embodiments of the invention.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a transgenic plant comprising the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention, or the plant cell of some embodiments of the invention.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of growing a crop, the method comprising seeding seeds and/or planting plantlets of a plant transformed with the isolated polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention, or with the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention, wherein the plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: increased nitrogen use efficiency, increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased biomass, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and increased oil content as compared to a non-transformed plant, thereby growing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of selecting a transformed plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising:

(a) providing plants transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629,

(b) selecting from the plants of step (a) a plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions,

thereby selecting the plant having the increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of selecting a transformed plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising:

(a) providing plants transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide at least 80% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028,

(b) selecting from the plants of step (a) a plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions,

thereby selecting the plant having the increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the polynucleotide consists of the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence encodes the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant cell forms part of a plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under the abiotic stress.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the abiotic stress is selected from the group consisting of salinity, drought, osmotic stress, water deprivation, flood, etiolation, low temperature, high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency, nitrogen deficiency, nutrient excess, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the yield comprises seed yield or oil yield.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under nitrogen-limiting conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the promoter is heterologous to the isolated polynucleotide and/or to the host cell.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the non-transformed plant is a wild type plant of identical genetic background.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the non-transformed plant is a wild type plant of the same species.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the non-transformed plant is grown under identical growth conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising selecting a plant having an increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, selecting is performed under non-stress conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, selecting is performed under abiotic stress conditions.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the modified pGI binary plasmid containing the new At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654) and the GUSintron (pQYN 6669) used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; MCS—Multiple cloning site; RE—any restriction enzyme; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); GUSintron—the GUS reporter gene (coding sequence and intron). The isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention were cloned into the vector while replacing the GUSintron reporter gene.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the modified pGI binary plasmid containing the new At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654) (pQFN or pQFNc or pQsFN) used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; MCS—Multiple cloning site; RE—any restriction enzyme; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); The isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention were cloned into the MCS of the vector.

FIGS. 3A-3F are images depicting visualization of root development of transgenic plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention when grown in transparent agar plates under normal (FIGS. 3A-3B), osmotic stress (15% PEG; FIGS. 3C-3D) or nitrogen-limiting (FIGS. 3E-3F) conditions. The different transgenes were grown in transparent agar plates for 17 days (7 days nursery and 10 days after transplanting). The plates were photographed every 3-4 days starting at day 1 after transplanting. FIG. 3A—An image of a photograph of plants taken following 10 after transplanting days on agar plates when grown under normal (standard) conditions. FIG. 3B—An image of root analysis of the plants shown in FIG. 3A in which the lengths of the roots measured are represented by arrows. FIG. 3C—An image of a photograph of plants taken following 10 days after transplanting on agar plates, grown under high osmotic (PEG 15%) conditions. FIG. 3D—An image of root analysis of the plants shown in FIG. 3C in which the lengths of the roots measured are represented by arrows. FIG. 3E—An image of a photograph of plants taken following 10 days after transplanting on agar plates, grown under low nitrogen conditions. FIG. 3F—An image of root analysis of the plants shown in FIG. 3E in which the lengths of the roots measured are represented by arrows.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the modified pGI binary plasmid containing the Root Promoter (pQNa RP) used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); The isolated polynucleotide sequences according to some embodiments of the invention were cloned into the MCS (Multiple cloning site) of the vector.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the pQYN plasmid.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the pQFN plasmid.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the pQFYN plasmid.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the modified pGI binary plasmid (pQXNc) used for expressing the isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; RE=any restriction enzyme; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); 35S-the 35S promoter (pQXNc); SEQ ID NO: 10650). The isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention were cloned into the MCS (Multiple cloning site) of the vector.

FIGS. 9A-9B are schematic illustrations of the pEBbVNi tDNA (FIG. 9A) and the pEBbNi tDNA (FIG. 9B) plasmids used in the Brachypodium experiments. pEBbVNi tDNA (FIG. 9A) was used for expression of the isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention in Brachypodium. pEBbNi tDNA (FIG. 9B) was used for transformation into Brachypodium as a negative control. “RB”=right border; “2LBregion”=2 repeats of left border; “35S”=35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10666 in FIG. 9A); “Ubiquitin promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10640 in both of FIGS. 9A and 9B; “NOS ter”=nopaline synthase terminator; “Bar ORF”—BAR open reading frame (GenBank Accession No. JQ293091.1; SEQ ID NO: 10667); The isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention were cloned into the Multiple cloning site of the vector using one or more of the indicated restriction enzyme sites.

FIG. 10 depicts seedling analysis of an Arabidopsis plant having shoots (upper part, marked “#1”) and roots (lower part, marked “#2”). Using an image analysis system the minimal convex area encompassed by the roots is determined. Such area corresponds to the root coverage of the plant.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the pQ6sVN plasmid. pQ6sVN was used for expression of the isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention in Brachypodium. “35S(V)”=35S promoter (SEQ ID NO:10666); “NOS ter”=nopaline synthase terminator; “Bar_GA”=BAR open reading frame optimized for expression in Brachypodium (SEQ ID NO: 11335); “Hygro”=Hygromycin resistance gene. “Ubi1 promoter”=10640; The isolated polynucleotide sequences of some embodiments of the invention were cloned into the Multiple cloning site of the vector (downstream of the “35S(V)” promoter) using one or more of the indicated restriction enzyme sites.

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of the pQsFN plasmid containing the new At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654) used for expression the isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention in Arabidopsis. RB—T-DNA right border; LB—T-DNA left border; MCS—Multiple cloning site; RE—any restriction enzyme; NOS pro=nopaline synthase promoter; NPT-II=neomycin phosphotransferase gene; NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; Poly-A signal (polyadenylation signal); The isolated polynucleotide sequences of the invention were cloned into the MCS of the vector.

FIG. 13 is schematic illustration pQ6sN plasmid, which is used as a negative control (“empty vector”) of the experiments performed when the plants were transformed with the pQ6sVN vector. “Ubi1” promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10640); NOS ter=nopaline synthase terminator; “Bar_GA”=BAR open reading frame optimized for expression in Brachypodium (SEQ ID NO:11335).

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides, nucleic acid constructs, transgenic cells and transgenic plants comprising same and methods of generating and using same, and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods of increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality abiotic stress tolerance, and/or fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) of a plant.

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details set forth in the following description or exemplified by the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

The present inventors have identified novel polypeptides and polynucleotides which can be used to generate nucleic acid constructs, transgenic plants and to increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant, such as a wheat plant.

Thus, as shown in the Examples section which follows, the present inventors have utilized bioinformatics tools to identify polynucleotides which enhance/increase fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency), yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield, oil content), growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant. Genes which affect the trait-of-interest were identified [SEQ ID NOs: 552-897 (for polypeptides); and SEQ ID NOs: 1-551 (for polynucleotides)] based on expression profiles of genes of several Arabidopsis, Barley, Sorghum, Maize, Brachypodium, soybean, cotton, Bean, wheat, tomato, and Foxtail millet ecotypes and accessions in various tissues and growth conditions, homology with genes known to affect the trait-of-interest and using digital expression profile in specific tissues and conditions (Tables 1-232, Examples 1, and 3-24 of the Examples section which follows). Homologous (e.g., orthologous) polypeptides and polynucleotides having the same function in increasing fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency), yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield, oil content), growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant were also identified [SEQ ID NOs: 6029-10629 (for polypeptides), and SEQ ID NOs: 898-6028 (for polynucleotides); Table 2, Example 2 of the Examples section which follows]. The polynucleotides of some embodiments of the invention were cloned into binary vectors (Examples 25-26, Table 233), and were further transformed into Arabidopsis and Brachypodium plants (Examples 27-28). Transgenic plants over-expressing the identified polynucleotides were found to exhibit increased biomass, growth rate, vigor and yield under normal growth conditions, nitrogen limiting growth conditions or abiotic stress conditions (Tables 234-275; Examples 29-33) as compared to control plants grown under the same growth conditions. Altogether, these results suggest the use of the novel polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 552-897 and 6029-10629; and SEQ ID NOs: 1-551 and 898-6028) for increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield (e.g., oil yield, seed yield and oil content), growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, water use efficiency and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant.

Thus, according to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided method of increasing oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous (e.g., identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-897 and 6029-10629, e.g., using an exogenous polynucleotide which is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551 and 898-6028, thereby increasing the oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided method of increasing oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629, thereby increasing the oil content, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

As used herein the phrase “plant yield” refers to the amount (e.g., as determined by weight or size) or quantity (numbers) of tissues or organs produced per plant or per growing season. Hence increased yield could affect the economic benefit one can obtain from the plant in a certain growing area and/or growing time.

It should be noted that a plant yield can be affected by various parameters including, but not limited to, plant biomass; plant vigor; growth rate; seed yield; seed or grain quantity; seed or grain quality; oil yield; content of oil, starch and/or protein in harvested organs (e.g., seeds or vegetative parts of the plant); number of flowers (florets) per panicle (expressed as a ratio of number of filled seeds over number of primary panicles); harvest index; number of plants grown per area; number and size of harvested organs per plant and per area; number of plants per growing area (density); number of harvested organs in field; total leaf area; carbon assimilation and carbon partitioning (the distribution/allocation of carbon within the plant); resistance to shade; number of harvestable organs (e.g. seeds), seeds per pod, weight per seed; and modified architecture [such as increase stalk diameter, thickness or improvement of physical properties (e.g. elasticity)].

As used herein the phrase “seed yield” refers to the number or weight of the seeds per plant, seeds per pod, or per growing area or to the weight of a single seed, or to the oil extracted per seed. Hence seed yield can be affected by seed dimensions (e.g., length, width, perimeter, area and/or volume), number of (filled) seeds and seed filling rate and by seed oil content. Hence increase seed yield per plant could affect the economic benefit one can obtain from the plant in a certain growing area and/or growing time; and increase seed yield per growing area could be achieved by increasing seed yield per plant, and/or by increasing number of plants grown on the same given area.

The term “seed” (also referred to as “grain” or “kernel”) as used herein refers to a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat (usually with some stored food), the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant.

The phrase “oil content” as used herein refers to the amount of lipids in a given plant organ, either the seeds (seed oil content) or the vegetative portion of the plant (vegetative oil content) and is typically expressed as percentage of dry weight (10% humidity of seeds) or wet weight (for vegetative portion).

It should be noted that oil content is affected by intrinsic oil production of a tissue (e.g., seed, vegetative portion), as well as the mass or size of the oil-producing tissue per plant or per growth period.

In one embodiment, increase in oil content of the plant can be achieved by increasing the size/mass of a plant's tissue(s) which comprise oil per growth period. Thus, increased oil content of a plant can be achieved by increasing the yield, growth rate, biomass and vigor of the plant.

As used herein the phrase “plant biomass” refers to the amount (e.g., measured in grams of air-dry tissue) of a tissue produced from the plant in a growing season, which could also determine or affect the plant yield or the yield per growing area. An increase in plant biomass can be in the whole plant or in parts thereof such as aboveground (harvestable) parts, vegetative biomass, roots and seeds.

As used herein the term “root biomass” refers to the total weight of the plant's root(s). Root biomass can be determined directly by weighing the total root material (fresh and/or dry weight) of a plant.

Additional or alternatively, the root biomass can be indirectly determined by measuring root coverage, root density and/or root length of a plant.

It should be noted that plants having a larger root coverage exhibit higher fertilizer (e.g., nitrogen) use efficiency and/or higher water use efficiency as compared to plants with a smaller root coverage.

As used herein the phrase “root coverage” refers to the total area or volume of soil or of any plant-growing medium encompassed by the roots of a plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the root coverage is the minimal convex volume encompassed by the roots of the plant.

It should be noted that since each plant has a characteristic root system, e.g., some plants exhibit a shallow root system (e.g., only a few centimeters below ground level), while others have a deep in soil root system (e.g., a few tens of centimeters or a few meters deep in soil below ground level), measuring the root coverage of a plant can be performed in any depth of the soil or of the plant-growing medium, and comparison of root coverage between plants of the same species (e.g., a transgenic plant exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention and a control plant) should be performed by measuring the root coverage in the same depth.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the root coverage is the minimal convex area encompassed by the roots of a plant in a specific depth.

A non-limiting example of measuring root coverage is shown in FIG. 10.

As used herein the term “root density” refers to the density of roots in a given area (e.g., area of soil or any plant growing medium). The root density can be determined by counting the root number per a predetermined area at a predetermined depth (in units of root number per area, e.g., mm², cm² or m²).

As used herein the phrase “root length” refers to the total length of the longest root of a single plant.

As used herein the phrase “root length growth rate” refers to the change in total root length per plant per time unit (e.g., per day).

As used herein the phrase “growth rate” refers to the increase in plant organ/tissue size per time (can be measured in cm² per day or cm/day).

As used herein the phrase “photosynthetic capacity” (also known as “A_(max)”) is a measure of the maximum rate at which leaves are able to fix carbon during photosynthesis. It is typically measured as the amount of carbon dioxide that is fixed per square meter per second, for example as μmol m⁻² sec⁻¹. Plants are able to increase their photosynthetic capacity by several modes of action, such as by increasing the total leaves area (e.g., by increase of leaves area, increase in the number of leaves, and increase in plant's vigor, e.g., the ability of the plant to grow new leaves along time course) as well as by increasing the ability of the plant to efficiently execute carbon fixation in the leaves. Hence, the increase in total leaves area can be used as a reliable measurement parameter for photosynthetic capacity increment.

As used herein the phrase “plant vigor” refers to the amount (measured by weight) of tissue produced by the plant in a given time. Hence increased vigor could determine or affect the plant yield or the yield per growing time or growing area. In addition, early vigor (seed and/or seedling) results in improved field stand.

Improving early vigor is an important objective of modern rice breeding programs in both temperate and tropical rice cultivars. Long roots are important for proper soil anchorage in water-seeded rice. Where rice is sown directly into flooded fields, and where plants must emerge rapidly through water, longer shoots are associated with vigour. Where drill-seeding is practiced, longer mesocotyls and coleoptiles are important for good seedling emergence. The ability to engineer early vigor into plants would be of great importance in agriculture. For example, poor early vigor has been a limitation to the introduction of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids based on Corn Belt germplasm in the European Atlantic.

It should be noted that a plant trait such as yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency) can be determined under stress (e.g., abiotic stress, nitrogen-limiting conditions) and/or non-stress (normal) conditions.

As used herein, the phrase “non-stress conditions” refers to the growth conditions (e.g., water, temperature, light-dark cycles, humidity, salt concentration, fertilizer concentration in soil, nutrient supply such as nitrogen, phosphorous and/or potassium), that do not significantly go beyond the everyday climatic and other abiotic conditions that plants may encounter, and which allow optimal growth, metabolism, reproduction and/or viability of a plant at any stage in its life cycle (e.g., in a crop plant from seed to a mature plant and back to seed again). Persons skilled in the art are aware of normal soil conditions and climatic conditions for a given plant in a given geographic location. It should be noted that while the non-stress conditions may include some mild variations from the optimal conditions (which vary from one type/species of a plant to another), such variations do not cause the plant to cease growing without the capacity to resume growth.

Following is a non-limiting description of non-stress (normal) growth conditions which can be used for growing the transgenic plants expressing the polynucleotides or polypeptides of some embodiments of the invention.

For example, normal conditions for growing sorghum include irrigation with about 452,000 liter water per dunam (1000 square meters) and fertilization with about 14 units nitrogen per dunam per growing season.

Normal conditions for growing cotton include irrigation with about 580,000 liter water per dunam (1000 square meters) and fertilization with about 24 units nitrogen per dunam per growing season.

Normal conditions for growing bean include irrigation with about 524,000 liter water per dunam (1000 square meters) and fertilization with about 16 units nitrogen per dunam per growing season.

Normal conditions for growing B. Juncea include irrigation with about 861,000 liter water per dunam (1000 square meters) and fertilization with about 12 units nitrogen per dunam per growing season.

The phrase “abiotic stress” as used herein refers to any adverse effect on metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability of a plant. Accordingly, abiotic stress can be induced by suboptimal environmental growth conditions such as, for example, salinity, osmotic stress, water deprivation, drought, flooding, freezing, low or high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency (e.g., nitrogen deficiency or limited nitrogen), atmospheric pollution or UV irradiation. The implications of abiotic stress are discussed in the Background section.

The phrase “abiotic stress tolerance” as used herein refers to the ability of a plant to endure an abiotic stress without suffering a substantial alteration in metabolism, growth, productivity and/or viability.

Plants are subject to a range of environmental challenges. Several of these, including salt stress, general osmotic stress, drought stress and freezing stress, have the ability to impact whole plant and cellular water availability. Not surprisingly, then, plant responses to this collection of stresses are related. Zhu (2002) Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 53: 247-273 et al. note that “most studies on water stress signaling have focused on salt stress primarily because plant responses to salt and drought are closely related and the mechanisms overlap”. Many examples of similar responses and pathways to this set of stresses have been documented. For example, the CBF transcription factors have been shown to condition resistance to salt, freezing and drought (Kasuga et al. (1999) Nature Biotech. 17: 287-291). The Arabidopsis rd29B gene is induced in response to both salt and dehydration stress, a process that is mediated largely through an ABA signal transduction process (Uno et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11632-11637), resulting in altered activity of transcription factors that bind to an upstream element within the rd29B promoter. In Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant), Patharker and Cushman have shown that a calcium-dependent protein kinase (McCDPK1) is induced by exposure to both drought and salt stresses (Patharker and Cushman (2000) Plant J. 24: 679-691). The stress-induced kinase was also shown to phosphorylate a transcription factor, presumably altering its activity, although transcript levels of the target transcription factor are not altered in response to salt or drought stress. Similarly, Saijo et al. demonstrated that a rice salt/drought-induced calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (OsCDPK7) conferred increased salt and drought tolerance to rice when overexpressed (Saijo et al. (2000) Plant J. 23: 319-327).

Exposure to dehydration invokes similar survival strategies in plants as does freezing stress (see, for example, Yelenosky (1989) Plant Physiol 89: 444-451) and drought stress induces freezing tolerance (see, for example, Siminovitch et al. (1982) Plant Physiol 69: 250-255; and Guy et al. (1992) Planta 188: 265-270). In addition to the induction of cold-acclimation proteins, strategies that allow plants to survive in low water conditions may include, for example, reduced surface area, or surface oil or wax production. In another example increased solute content of the plant prevents evaporation and water loss due to heat, drought, salinity, osmoticum, and the like therefore providing a better plant tolerance to the above stresses.

It will be appreciated that some pathways involved in resistance to one stress (as described above), will also be involved in resistance to other stresses, regulated by the same or homologous genes. Of course, the overall resistance pathways are related, not identical, and therefore not all genes controlling resistance to one stress will control resistance to the other stresses. Nonetheless, if a gene conditions resistance to one of these stresses, it would be apparent to one skilled in the art to test for resistance to these related stresses. Methods of assessing stress resistance are further provided in the Examples section which follows.

As used herein the phrase “water use efficiency (WUE)” refers to the level of organic matter produced per unit of water consumed by the plant, i.e., the dry weight of a plant in relation to the plant's water use, e.g., the biomass produced per unit transpiration.

As used herein the phrase “fertilizer use efficiency” refers to the metabolic process(es) which lead to an increase in the plant's yield, biomass, vigor, and growth rate per fertilizer unit applied. The metabolic process can be the uptake, spread, absorbent, accumulation, relocation (within the plant) and use of one or more of the minerals and organic moieties absorbed by the plant, such as nitrogen, phosphates and/or potassium.

As used herein the phrase “fertilizer-limiting conditions” refers to growth conditions which include a level (e.g., concentration) of a fertilizer applied which is below the level needed for normal plant metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability.

As used herein the phrase “nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)” refers to the metabolic process(es) which lead to an increase in the plant's yield, biomass, vigor, and growth rate per nitrogen unit applied. The metabolic process can be the uptake, spread, absorbent, accumulation, relocation (within the plant) and use of nitrogen absorbed by the plant.

As used herein the phrase “nitrogen-limiting conditions” refers to growth conditions which include a level (e.g., concentration) of nitrogen (e.g., ammonium or nitrate) applied which is below the level needed for normal plant metabolism, growth, reproduction and/or viability.

Improved plant NUE and FUE is translated in the field into either harvesting similar quantities of yield, while implementing less fertilizers, or increased yields gained by implementing the same levels of fertilizers. Thus, improved NUE or FUE has a direct effect on plant yield in the field. Thus, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of some embodiments of the invention positively affect plant yield, seed yield, and plant biomass. In addition, the benefit of improved plant NUE will certainly improve crop quality and biochemical constituents of the seed such as protein yield and oil yield. It should be noted that improved ABST will confer plants with improved vigor also under non-stress conditions, resulting in crops having improved biomass and/or yield e.g., elongated fibers for the cotton industry, higher oil content.

The term “fiber” is usually inclusive of thick-walled conducting cells such as vessels and tracheids and to fibrillar aggregates of many individual fiber cells. Hence, the term “fiber” refers to (a) thick-walled conducting and non-conducting cells of the xylem; (b) fibers of extraxylary origin, including those from phloem, bark, ground tissue, and epidermis; and (c) fibers from stems, leaves, roots, seeds, and flowers or inflorescences (such as those of Sorghum vulgare used in the manufacture of brushes and brooms).

Example of fiber producing plants, include, but are not limited to, agricultural crops such as cotton, silk cotton tree (Kapok, Ceiba pentandra), desert willow, creosote bush, winterfat, balsa, kenaf, roselle, jute, sisal abaca, flax, corn, sugar cane, hemp, ramie, kapok, coir, bamboo, spanish moss and Agave spp. (e.g. sisal).

As used herein the phrase “fiber quality” refers to at least one fiber parameter which is agriculturally desired, or required in the fiber industry (further described hereinbelow). Examples of such parameters, include but are not limited to, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber fitness, fiber weight per unit length, maturity ratio and uniformity (further described hereinbelow).

Cotton fiber (lint) quality is typically measured according to fiber length, strength and fineness. Accordingly, the lint quality is considered higher when the fiber is longer, stronger and finer.

As used herein the phrase “fiber yield” refers to the amount or quantity of fibers produced from the fiber producing plant.

As mentioned hereinabove, transgenic plants of the present invention can be used for improving myriad of commercially desired traits which are all interrelated as is discussed hereinbelow.

As used herein the term “trait” refers to a characteristic or quality of a plant which may overall (either directly or indirectly) improve the commercial value of the plant.

As used herein the term “increasing” refers to at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, increase in the trait [e.g., yield, seed yield, oil yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency)] of a plant as compared to a native plant or a wild type plant [i.e., a plant not modified with the biomolecules (polynucleotide or polypeptides) of the invention, e.g., a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same (e.g., identical) growth conditions].

The phrase “expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide” as used herein refers to upregulating the expression level of an exogenous polynucleotide within the plant by introducing the exogenous polynucleotide into a plant cell or plant and expressing by recombinant means, as further described herein below.

As used herein “expressing” refers to expression at the mRNA and optionally polypeptide level.

As used herein, the phrase “exogenous polynucleotide” refers to a heterologous nucleic acid sequence which may not be naturally expressed within the plant (e.g., a nucleic acid sequence from a different species) or which overexpression in the plant is desired. The exogenous polynucleotide may be introduced into the plant in a stable or transient manner, so as to produce a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule and/or a polypeptide molecule. It should be noted that the exogenous polynucleotide may comprise a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or partially homologous to an endogenous nucleic acid sequence of the plant.

The term “endogenous” as used herein refers to any polynucleotide or polypeptide which is present and/or naturally expressed within a plant or a cell thereof.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous (e.g., identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629.

Homologous sequences include both orthologous and paralogous sequences. The term “paralogous” relates to gene-duplications within the genome of a species leading to paralogous genes. The term “orthologous” relates to homologous genes in different organisms due to ancestral relationship. Thus, orthologs are evolutionary counterparts derived from a single ancestral gene in the last common ancestor of given two species (Koonin EV and Galperin MY (Sequence—Evolution—Function: Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics. Boston: Kluwer Academic; 2003. Chapter 2, Evolutionary Concept in Genetics and Genomics. Available from: ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/books/NBK20255) and therefore have great likelihood of having the same function.

One option to identify orthologues in monocot plant species is by performing a reciprocal Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST® (The National Library of Medicine) search. This may be done by a first BLAST® involving BLAST®ing the sequence-of-interest against any sequence database, such as the publicly available NCBI database which may be found at: ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov. If orthologues in rice were sought, the sequence-of-interest would be BLAST®ed against, for example, the 28,469 full-length cDNA clones from Oryza sativa Nipponbare available at NCBI. The BLAST® results may be filtered. The full-length sequences of either the filtered results or the non-filtered results are then BLAST®ed back (second BLAST®) against the sequences of the organism from which the sequence-of-interest is derived. The results of the first and second BLAST®s are then compared. An orthologue is identified when the sequence resulting in the highest score (best hit) in the first BLAST® identifies in the second BLAST® the query sequence (the original sequence-of-interest) as the best hit. Using the same rational a paralogue (homolog to a gene in the same organism) is found. In case of large sequence families, the ClustalW program may be used [ebi (dot) ac (dot) uk/Tools/clustalw2/index (dot) html], followed by a neighbor-joining tree (wikipedia (dot) org/wiki/Neighbor-joining) which helps visualizing the clustering.

Homology (e.g., percent homology, sequence identity+sequence similarity) can be determined using any homology comparison software computing a pairwise sequence alignment.

As used herein, “sequence identity” or “identity” in the context of two nucleic acid or polypeptide sequences includes reference to the residues in the two sequences which are the same when aligned. When percentage of sequence identity is used in reference to proteins it is recognized that residue positions which are not identical often differ by conservative amino acid substitutions, where amino acid residues are substituted for other amino acid residues with similar chemical properties (e.g. charge or hydrophobicity) and therefore do not change the functional properties of the molecule. Where sequences differ in conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution. Sequences which differ by such conservative substitutions are considered to have “sequence similarity” or “similarity”. Means for making this adjustment are well-known to those of skill in the art. Typically this involves scoring a conservative substitution as a partial rather than a full mismatch, thereby increasing the percentage sequence identity. Thus, for example, where an identical amino acid is given a score of 1 and a non-conservative substitution is given a score of zero, a conservative substitution is given a score between zero and 1. The scoring of conservative substitutions is calculated, e.g., according to the algorithm of Henikoff S and Henikoff J G. [Amino acid substitution matrices from protein blocks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89(22): 10915-9].

Identity (e.g., percent homology) can be determined using any homology comparison software, including for example, the BLAST®N software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) such as by using default parameters.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the identity is a global identity, i.e., an identity over the entire amino acid or nucleic acid sequences of the invention and not over portions thereof.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the term “homology” or “homologous” refers to identity of two or more nucleic acid sequences; or identity of two or more amino acid sequences; or the identity of an amino acid sequence to one or more nucleic acid sequence.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the homology is a global homology, i.e., an homology over the entire amino acid or nucleic acid sequences of the invention and not over portions thereof.

The degree of homology or identity between two or more sequences can be determined using various known sequence comparison tools. Following is a non-limiting description of such tools which can be used along with some embodiments of the invention.

Pairwise global alignment was defined by S. B. Needleman and C. D. Wunsch, “A general method applicable to the search of similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins” Journal of Molecular Biology, 1970, pages 443-53, volume 48).

For example, when starting from a polypeptide sequence and comparing to other polypeptide sequences, the EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (available from emboss(dot)sourceforge(dot)net/apps/cvs/emboss/apps/needle(dot)html) can be used to find the optimum alignment (including gaps) of two sequences along their entire length—a “Global alignment”. Default parameters for Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (EMBOSS-6.0.1) include: gapopen=10; gapextend=0.5; datafile=EBLOSUM62; brief=YES.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the parameters used with the EMBOSS-6.0.1 tool (for protein-protein comparison) include: gapopen=8; gapextend=2; datafile=EBLOSUM62; brief=YES.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the threshold used to determine homology using the EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%.

When starting from a polypeptide sequence and comparing to polynucleotide sequences, the OneModel FramePlus algorithm [Halperin, E., Faigler, S. and Gill-More, R. (1999)—FramePlus: aligning DNA to protein sequences. Bioinformatics, 15, 867-873) (available from biocceleration(dot)com/Products(dot)html] can be used with following default parameters: model=frame+_p2n.model mode=local.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the parameters used with the OneModel FramePlus algorithm are model=frame+_p2n.model, mode=qglobal.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the threshold used to determine homology using the OneModel FramePlus algorithm is 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%.

When starting with a polynucleotide sequence and comparing to other polynucleotide sequences the EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (available from emboss(dot)sourceforge(dot)net/apps/cvs/emboss/apps/needle(dot)html) can be used with the following default parameters: (EMBOSS-6.0.1) gapopen=10; gapextend=0.5; datafile=EDNAFULL; brief=YES.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the parameters used with the EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm are gapopen=10; gapextend=0.2; datafile=EDNAFULL; brief=YES.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the threshold used to determine homology using the EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for comparison of polynucleotides with polynucleotides is 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%.

According to some embodiment, determination of the degree of homology further requires employing the Smith-Waterman algorithm (for protein-protein comparison or nucleotide-nucleotide comparison).

Default parameters for GenCore 6.0 Smith-Waterman algorithm include: model=sw.model.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the threshold used to determine homology using the Smith-Waterman algorithm is 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the global homology is performed on sequences which are pre-selected by local homology to the polypeptide or polynucleotide of interest (e.g., 60% identity over 60% of the sequence length), prior to performing the global homology to the polypeptide or polynucleotide of interest (e.g., 80% global homology on the entire sequence). For example, homologous sequences are selected using the BLAST® software with the BLAST®p and tBLAST®n algorithms as filters for the first stage, and the needle (EMBOSS package) or Frame+ algorithm alignment for the second stage. Local identity (BLAST® alignments) is defined with a very permissive cutoff—60% Identity on a span of 60% of the sequences lengths because it is used only as a filter for the global alignment stage. In this specific embodiment (when the local identity is used), the default filtering of the BLAST® package is not utilized (by setting the parameter “-F F”).

In the second stage, homologs are defined based on a global identity of at least 80% to the core gene polypeptide sequence.

According to some embodiments of the invention, two distinct forms for finding the optimal global alignment for protein or nucleotide sequences are used:

1. Between Two Proteins (Following the BLAST®p Filter):

EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with the following modified parameters: gapopen=8 gapextend=2. The rest of the parameters are unchanged from the default options listed here:

Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:

[-asequence] sequence Sequence filename and optional format, or reference (input USA)

[-bsequence] seqall Sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA)

-gapopen float [10.0 for any sequence]. The gap open penalty is the score taken away when a gap is created. The best value depends on the choice of comparison matrix. The default value assumes you are using the EBLOSUM62 matrix for protein sequences, and the EDNAFULL matrix for nucleotide sequences. (Floating point number from 1.0 to 100.0)

-gapextend float [0.5 for any sequence]. The gap extension, penalty is added to the standard gap penalty for each base or residue in the gap. This is how long gaps are penalized. Usually you will expect a few long gaps rather than many short gaps, so the gap extension penalty should be lower than the gap penalty. An exception is where one or both sequences are single reads with possible sequencing errors in which case you would expect many single base gaps. You can get this result by setting the gap open penalty to zero (or very low) and using the gap extension penalty to control gap scoring. (Floating point number from 0.0 to 10.0)

[-outfile] align [*.needle] Output alignment file name

Additional (Optional) Qualifiers:

-   -   -datafile matrixf [EBLOSUM62 for protein, EDNAFULL for DNA].         This is the scoring matrix file used when comparing sequences.         By default it is the file ‘EBLOSUM62’ (for proteins) or the file         ‘EDNAFULL’ (for nucleic sequences). These files are found in the         ‘data’ directory of the EMBOSS installation.     -   Advanced (Unprompted) Qualifiers:     -   -[no]brief boolean [Y] Brief identity and similarity

Associated Qualifiers:

-   -   “-asequence” associated qualifiers     -   -sbegin1 integer Start of the sequence to be used     -   -send1 integer End of the sequence to be used     -   -sreverse1 boolean Reverse (if DNA)     -   -sask1 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse     -   -snucleotide1 boolean Sequence is nucleotide     -   -sprotein1 boolean Sequence is protein     -   -slower1 boolean Make lower case     -   -supper1 boolean Make upper case     -   -sformat1 string Input sequence format     -   -sdbname1 string Database name     -   -sid1 string Entryname     -   -ufo1 string UFO features     -   -fformat1 string Features format     -   -fopenfile1 string Features file name     -   “-bsequence” associated qualifiers     -   -sbegin2 integer Start of each sequence to be used     -   -send2 integer End of each sequence to be used     -   -sreverse2 boolean Reverse (if DNA)     -   -sask2 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse     -   -snucleotide2 boolean Sequence is nucleotide     -   -sprotein2 boolean Sequence is protein     -   -slower2 boolean Make lower case     -   -supper2 boolean Make upper case     -   -sformat2 string Input sequence format     -   -sdbname2 string Database name     -   -sid2 string Entryname     -   -ufo2 string UFO features     -   -fformat2 string Features format     -   -fopenfile2 string Features file name     -   “-outfile” associated qualifiers     -   -aformat3 string Alignment format     -   -aextension3 string File name extension     -   -adirectory3 string Output directory     -   -aname3 string Base file name     -   -awidth3 integer Alignment width     -   -aaccshow3 boolean Show accession number in the header     -   -adesshow3 boolean Show description in the header     -   -ausashow3 boolean Show the full USA in the alignment     -   -aglobal3 boolean Show the full sequence in alignment

General Qualifiers:

-   -   -auto boolean Turn off prompts     -   -stdout boolean Write first file to standard output     -   -filter boolean Read first file from standard input, write first         file to standard output     -   -options boolean Prompt for standard and additional values     -   -debug boolean Write debug output to program.dbg     -   -verbose boolean Report some/full command line options     -   -help boolean Report command line options. More information on         associated and general qualifiers can be found with -help         -verbose     -   -warning boolean Report warnings     -   -error boolean Report errors     -   -fatal boolean Report fatal errors     -   -die boolean Report dying program messages

2. Between a protein sequence and a nucleotide sequence (following the tBLAST®n filter): GenCore 6.0 OneModel application utilizing the Frame+ algorithm with the following parameters: model=frame+_p2n.model mode=qglobal -q=protein.sequence -db= nucleotide.sequence. The rest of the parameters are unchanged from the default options:

Usage:

om -model=<model_fname>[-q=]query [-db=]database [options]

-model=<model_fname> Specifies the model that you want to run. All models supplied by Compugen are located in the directory $CGNROOT/models/.

Valid command line parameters:

-   -   -dev=<dev_name> Selects the device to be used by the         application.

Valid devices are:

-   -   bic—Bioccelerator (valid for SW, XSW, FRAME_N2P, and FRAME_P2N         models).     -   xlg—BioXL/G (valid for all models except XSW).     -   xlp—BioXL/P (valid for SW, FRAME+_N2P, and FRAME_P2N models).     -   xlh—BioXL/H (valid for SW, FRAME+_N2P, and FRAME_P2N models).     -   soft—Software device (for all models).         -q=<query> Defines the query set. The query can be a sequence         file or a database reference. You can specify a query by its         name or by accession number. The format is detected         automatically. However, you may specify a format using the -qfmt         parameter. If you do not specify a query, the program prompts         for one. If the query set is a database reference, an output         file is produced for each sequence in the query.         -db=<database name> Chooses the database set. The database set         can be a sequence file or a database reference. The database         format is detected automatically. However, you may specify a         format using -dfmt parameter.         -qacc Add this parameter to the command line if you specify         query using accession numbers.         -dacc Add this parameter to the command line if you specify a         database using accession numbers.         -dfmt/-qfmt=<format_type> Chooses the database/query format         type. Possible formats are:     -   fasta—fasta with seq type auto-detected.     -   fastap—fasta protein seq.     -   fastan—fasta nucleic seq.     -   gcg—gcg format, type is auto-detected.     -   gcg9seq—gcg9 format, type is auto-detected.     -   gcg9seqp—gcg9 format protein seq.     -   gcg9seqn—gcg9 format nucleic seq.     -   nbrf—nbrf seq, type is auto-detected.     -   nbrfp—nbrf protein seq.     -   nbrfn—nbrf nucleic seq.     -   embl—embl and swissprot format.     -   genbank—genbank format (nucleic).     -   BLAST®—BLAST® format.     -   nbrf_gcg—nbrf-gcg seq, type is auto-detected.     -   nbrf_gcgp—nbrf-gcg protein seq.     -   nbrf_gcgn—nbrf-gcg nucleic seq.     -   raw—raw ascii sequence, type is auto-detected.     -   rawp—raw ascii protein sequence.     -   rawn—raw ascii nucleic sequence.     -   pir—pir codata format, type is auto-detected.     -   profile—gcg profile (valid only for -qfmt     -   in SW, XSW, FRAME_P2N, and FRAME+_P2N).         -out=<out_fname> The name of the output file.         -suffix=<name> The output file name suffix.         -gapop=<n> Gap open penalty. This parameter is not valid for         FRAME+. For FrameSearch the default is 12.0. For other searches         the default is 10.0.         -gapext=<n> Gap extend penalty. This parameter is not valid for         FRAME+. For FrameSearch the default is 4.0. For other models:         the default for protein searches is 0.05, and the default for         nucleic searches is 1.0.         -qgapop=<n> The penalty for opening a gap in the query sequence.         The default is 10.0. Valid for XSW.         -qgapext=<n> The penalty for extending a gap in the query         sequence. The default is 0.05. Valid for XSW.         -start=<n> The position in the query sequence to begin the         search.         -end=<n> The position in the query sequence to stop the search.         -qtrans Performs a translated search, relevant for a nucleic         query against a protein database. The nucleic query is         translated to six reading frames and a result is given for each         frame.

Valid for SW and XSW.

-dtrans Performs a translated search, relevant for a protein query against a DNA database. Each database entry is translated to six reading frames and a result is given for each frame.

Valid for SW and XSW.

Note: “-qtrans” and “-dtrans” options are mutually exclusive.

-matrix=<matrix_file> Specifies the comparison matrix to be used in the search. The matrix must be in the BLAST® format. If the matrix file is not located in $CGNROOT/tables/matrix, specify the full path as the value of the -matrix parameter.

-trans=<transtab_name> Translation table. The default location for the table is $CGNROOT/tables/trans.

-onestrand Restricts the search to just the top strand of the query/database nucleic sequence.

-list=<n> The maximum size of the output hit list. The default is 50.

-docalign=<n> The number of documentation lines preceding each alignment. The default is 10.

-thr_score=<score_name> The score that places limits on the display of results. Scores that are smaller than -thr_min value or larger than -thr_max value are not shown. Valid options are: quality.

zscore.

escore.

-thr_max=<n> The score upper threshold. Results that are larger than -thr_max value are not shown.

-thr_min=<n> The score lower threshold. Results that are lower than -thr_min value are not shown.

-align=<n> The number of alignments reported in the output file.

-noalign Do not display alignment.

Note: “-align” and “-noalign” parameters are mutually exclusive.

-outfmt=<format_name> Specifies the output format type. The default format is PFS.

Possible values are:

PFS—PFS text format

FASTA—FASTA text format

BLAST®—BLAST® text format

-nonorm Do not perform score normalization.

-norm=<norm_name> Specifies the normalization method. Valid options are:

log—logarithm normalization.

std—standard normalization.

stat—Pearson statistical method.

Note: “-nonorm” and “-norm” parameters cannot be used together.

Note: Parameters -xgapop, -xgapext, -fgapop, -fgapext, -ygapop, -ygapext, -delop, and -delext apply only to FRAME+.

-xgapop=<n> The penalty for opening a gap when inserting a codon (triplet). The default is 12.0.

-xgapext=<n> The penalty for extending a gap when inserting a codon (triplet). The default is 4.0.

-ygapop=<n> The penalty for opening a gap when deleting an amino acid. The default is 12.0.

-ygapext=<n> The penalty for extending a gap when deleting an amino acid. The default is 4.0.

-fgapop=<n> The penalty for opening a gap when inserting a DNA base. The default is 6.0.

-fgapext=<n> The penalty for extending a gap when inserting a DNA base. The default is 7.0.

-delop=<n> The penalty for opening a gap when deleting a DNA base. The default is 6.0.

-delext=<n> The penalty for extending a gap when deleting a DNA base. The default is 7.0.

-silent No screen output is produced.

-host=<host_name> The name of the host on which the server runs. By default, the application uses the host specified in the file $CGNROOT/cgnhosts.

-wait Do not go to the background when the device is busy. This option is not relevant for the Parseq or Soft pseudo device.

-batch Run the job in the background. When this option is specified, the file “$CGNROOT/defaults/batch.defaults” is used for choosing the batch command. If this file does not exist, the command “at now” is used to run the job.

Note:“-batch” and “-wait” parameters are mutually exclusive.

-version Prints the software version number.

-help Displays this help message. To get more specific help type:

-   -   “om -model=<model_fname>-help”.

According to some embodiments the homology is a local homology or a local identity.

Local alignments tools include, but are not limited to the BLAST®P, BLAST® N, BLASTX® or TBLASTN® software of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), FASTA, and the Smith-Waterman algorithm.

A tBLASN® search allows the comparison between a protein sequence to the six-frame translations of a nucleotide database. It can be a very productive way of finding homologous protein coding regions in unannotated nucleotide sequences such as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and draft genome records (HTG), located in the BLAST® databases est and htgs, respectively.

Default parameters for BLASTP® include: Max target sequences: 100; Expected threshold: e⁻⁵; Word size: 3; Max matches in a query range: 0; Scoring parameters: Matrix—BLOSUM62; filters and masking: Filter—low complexity regions.

Local alignments tools, which can be used include, but are not limited to, the tBLASTX® algorithm, which compares the six-frame conceptual translation products of a nucleotide query sequence (both strands) against a protein sequence database. Default parameters include: Max target sequences: 100; Expected threshold: 10; Word size: 3; Max matches in a query range: 0; Scoring parameters: Matrix—BLOSUM62; filters and masking: Filter—low complexity regions.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention encodes a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% identical to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention encodes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method of increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant, is effected by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% identical to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629, thereby increasing the yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of the plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 or 10629.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, the method of increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant, is effected by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629, thereby increasing the yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629, thereby increasing the yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of the plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 or 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant, comprising expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, thereby increasing the yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of the plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 1-551, 898-6027 or 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is set forth by the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention the method of increasing yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant further comprising selecting a plant having an increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

It should be noted that selecting a transformed plant having an increased trait as compared to a native (or non-transformed) plant grown under the same growth conditions can be performed by selecting for the trait, e.g., validating the ability of the transformed plant to exhibit the increased trait using well known assays (e.g., seedling analyses, greenhouse assays, filed experiments) as is further described herein below.

According to some embodiments of the invention selecting is performed under non-stress conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention selecting is performed under abiotic stress conditions.

According to some embodiments of the invention selecting is performed under nitrogen limiting (e.g., nitrogen deficient) conditions.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of selecting a transformed plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising:

(a) providing plants transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% homologous (e.g., having sequence similarity or sequence identity) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629,

(b) selecting from the plants of step (a) a plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance (e.g., by selecting the plants for the increased trait),

thereby selecting the plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of selecting a transformed plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, the method comprising:

(a) providing plants transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028,

(b) selecting from the plants of step (a) a plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance,

thereby selecting the plant having increased yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, and/or abiotic stress tolerance as compared to the wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions.

As used herein the term “polynucleotide” refers to a single or double stranded nucleic acid sequence which is isolated and provided in the form of an RNA sequence, a complementary polynucleotide sequence (cDNA), a genomic polynucleotide sequence and/or a composite polynucleotide sequences (e.g., a combination of the above).

The term “isolated” refers to at least partially separated from the natural environment e.g., from a plant cell.

As used herein the phrase “complementary polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which results from reverse transcription of messenger RNA using a reverse transcriptase or any other RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Such a sequence can be subsequently amplified in vivo or in vitro using a DNA dependent DNA polymerase.

As used herein the phrase “genomic polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence derived (isolated) from a chromosome and thus it represents a contiguous portion of a chromosome.

As used herein the phrase “composite polynucleotide sequence” refers to a sequence, which is at least partially complementary and at least partially genomic. A composite sequence can include some exonal sequences required to encode the polypeptide of the present invention, as well as some intronic sequences interposing therebetween. The intronic sequences can be of any source, including of other genes, and typically will include conserved splicing signal sequences. Such intronic sequences may further include cis acting expression regulatory elements.

Nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptides of the present invention may be optimized for expression. Examples of such sequence modifications include, but are not limited to, an altered G/C content to more closely approach that typically found in the plant species of interest, and the removal of codons atypically found in the plant species commonly referred to as codon optimization.

The phrase “codon optimization” refers to the selection of appropriate DNA nucleotides for use within a structural gene or fragment thereof that approaches codon usage within the plant of interest. Therefore, an optimized gene or nucleic acid sequence refers to a gene in which the nucleotide sequence of a native or naturally occurring gene has been modified in order to utilize statistically-preferred or statistically-favored codons within the plant. The nucleotide sequence typically is examined at the DNA level and the coding region optimized for expression in the plant species determined using any suitable procedure, for example as described in Sardana et al. (1996, Plant Cell Reports 15:677-681). In this method, the standard deviation of codon usage, a measure of codon usage bias, may be calculated by first finding the squared proportional deviation of usage of each codon of the native gene relative to that of highly expressed plant genes, followed by a calculation of the average squared deviation. The formula used is: 1 SDCU=n=1 N [(Xn−Yn)/Yn] 2/N, where Xn refers to the frequency of usage of codon n in highly expressed plant genes, where Yn to the frequency of usage of codon n in the gene of interest and N refers to the total number of codons in the gene of interest. A Table of codon usage from highly expressed genes of dicotyledonous plants is compiled using the data of Murray et al. (1989, Nuc Acids Res. 17:477-498).

One method of optimizing the nucleic acid sequence in accordance with the preferred codon usage for a particular plant cell type is based on the direct use, without performing any extra statistical calculations, of codon optimization Tables such as those provided on-line at the Codon Usage Database through the NIAS (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences) DNA bank in Japan (kazusa (dot) or (dot) jp/codon/). The Codon Usage Database contains codon usage tables for a number of different species, with each codon usage Table having been statistically determined based on the data present in Genbank.

By using the above Tables to determine the most preferred or most favored codons for each amino acid in a particular species (for example, rice), a naturally-occurring nucleotide sequence encoding a protein of interest can be codon optimized for that particular plant species. This is effected by replacing codons that may have a low statistical incidence in the particular species genome with corresponding codons, in regard to an amino acid, that are statistically more favored. However, one or more less-favored codons may be selected to delete existing restriction sites, to create new ones at potentially useful junctions (5′ and 3′ ends to add signal peptide or termination cassettes, internal sites that might be used to cut and splice segments together to produce a correct full-length sequence), or to eliminate nucleotide sequences that may negatively effect mRNA stability or expression.

The naturally-occurring encoding nucleotide sequence may already, in advance of any modification, contain a number of codons that correspond to a statistically-favored codon in a particular plant species. Therefore, codon optimization of the native nucleotide sequence may comprise determining which codons, within the native nucleotide sequence, are not statistically-favored with regards to a particular plant, and modifying these codons in accordance with a codon usage table of the particular plant to produce a codon optimized derivative. A modified nucleotide sequence may be fully or partially optimized for plant codon usage provided that the protein encoded by the modified nucleotide sequence is produced at a level higher than the protein encoded by the corresponding naturally occurring or native gene. Construction of synthetic genes by altering the codon usage is described in for example PCT Patent Application 93/07278.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide is a non-coding RNA.

As used herein the phrase ‘non-coding RNA″ refers to an RNA molecule which does not encode an amino acid sequence (a polypeptide). Examples of such non-coding RNA molecules include, but are not limited to, an antisense RNA, a pre-miRNA (precursor of a microRNA), or a precursor of a Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA).

Non-limiting examples of non-coding RNA polynucleotides are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 251-261, 305-310, 547-551, 2495, 3836, 4999, and 5255.

Thus, the invention encompasses nucleic acid sequences described hereinabove; fragments thereof, sequences hybridizable therewith, sequences homologous thereto, sequences encoding similar polypeptides with different codon usage, altered sequences characterized by mutations, such as deletion, insertion or substitution of one or more nucleotides, either naturally occurring or man induced, either randomly or in a targeted fashion.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the exogenous polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a naturally occurring plant orthologue of the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a naturally occurring plant orthologue of the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention the nucleic acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield (e.g., seed yield, oil yield), growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention the isolated polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention the isolated polynucleotide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 1-551, 898-6027 or 6028.

The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention the amino acid sequence is capable of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, seed yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance and/or water use efficiency of a plant.

The invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of the invention, and a promoter for directing transcription of the nucleic acid sequence in a host cell.

The invention provides an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the polypeptide is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 or 10629.

The invention also encompasses fragments of the above described polypeptides and polypeptides having mutations, such as deletions, insertions or substitutions of one or more amino acids, either naturally occurring or man induced, either randomly or in a targeted fashion.

The term “plant” as used herein encompasses a whole plant, a grafted plant, ancestor(s) and progeny of the plants and plant parts, including seeds, shoots, stems, roots (including tubers), rootstock, scion, and plant cells, tissues and organs. The plant may be in any form including suspension cultures, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, and microspores. Plants that are particularly useful in the methods of the invention include all plants which belong to the superfamily Viridiplantae, in particular monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants including a fodder or forage legume, ornamental plant, food crop, tree, or shrub selected from the list comprising Acacia spp., Acer spp., Actinidia spp., Aesculus spp., Agathis australis, Albizia amara, Alsophila tricolor, Andropogon spp., Arachis spp, Areca catechu, Astelia fragrans, Astragalus cicer, Baikiaea plurijuga, Betula spp., Brassica spp., Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Burkea africana, Butea frondosa, Cadaba farinosa, Calliandra spp, Camellia sinensis, Canna indica, Capsicum spp., Cassia spp., Centroema pubescens, Chacoomeles spp., Cinnamomum cassia, Coffea arabica, Colophospermum mopane, Coronillia varia, Cotoneaster serotina, Crataegus spp., Cucumis spp., Cupressus spp., Cyathea dealbata, Cydonia oblonga, Cryptomeria japonica, Cymbopogon spp., Cynthea dealbata, Cydonia oblonga, Dalbergia monetaria, Davallia divaricata, Desmodium spp., Dicksonia squarosa, Dibeteropogon amplectens, Dioclea spp, Dolichos spp., Dorycnium rectum, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Ehraffia spp., Eleusine coracana, Eragrestis spp., Erythrina spp., Eucalypfus spp., Euclea schimperi, Eulalia vi/losa, Pagopyrum spp., Feijoa sellowlana, Fragaria spp., Flemingia spp, Freycinetia banksli, Geranium thunbergii, GinAgo biloba, Glycine javanica, Gliricidia spp, Gossypium hirsutum, Grevillea spp., Guibourtia coleosperma, Hedysarum spp., Hemaffhia altissima, Heteropogon contoffus, Hordeum vulgare, Hyparrhenia rufa, Hypericum erectum, Hypeffhelia dissolute, Indigo incamata, Iris spp., Leptarrhena pyrolifolia, Lespediza spp., Lettuca spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Loudetia simplex, Lotonus bainesli, Lotus spp., Macrotyloma axillare, Malus spp., Manihot esculenta, Medicago saliva, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Musa sapientum, Nicotianum spp., Onobrychis spp., Ornithopus spp., Oryza spp., Peltophorum africanum, Pennisetum spp., Persea gratissima, Petunia spp., Phaseolus spp., Phoenix canariensis, Phormium cookianum, Photinia spp., Picea glauca, Pinus spp., Pisum sativam, Podocarpus otara, Pogonarthria fleckii, Pogonaffhria squarrosa, Populus spp., Prosopis cineraria, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pterolobium stellatum, Pyrus communis, Quercus spp., Rhaphiolepsis umbellata, Rhopalostylis sapida, Rhus natalensis, Ribes grossularia, Ribes spp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Schyzachyrium sanguineum, Sciadopitys vefficillata, Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Sorghum bicolor, Spinacia spp., Sporobolus fimbriatus, Stiburus alopecuroides, Stylosanthos humilis, Tadehagi spp, Taxodium distichum, Themeda triandra, Trifolium spp., Triticum spp., Tsuga heterophylla, Vaccinium spp., Vicia spp., Vitis vinifera, Watsonia pyramidata, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Zea mays, amaranth, artichoke, asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, carrot, cauliflower, celery, collard greens, flax, kale, lentil, oilseed rape, okra, onion, potato, rice, soybean, straw, sugar beet, sugar cane, sunflower, tomato, squash tea, maize, wheat, barley, rye, oat, peanut, pea, lentil and alfalfa, cotton, rapeseed, canola, pepper, sunflower, tobacco, eggplant, eucalyptus, a tree, an ornamental plant, a perennial grass and a forage crop. Alternatively algae and other non-Viridiplantae can be used for the methods of the present invention.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant used by the method of the invention is a crop plant such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, peanut, potato, sesame, olive tree, palm oil, banana, soybean, sunflower, canola, sugarcane, alfalfa, millet, leguminosae (bean, pea), flax, lupinus, rapeseed, tobacco, poplar and cotton.

According to some embodiments of the invention the plant is a dicotyledonous plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention the plant is a monocotyledonous plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a plant cell exogenously expressing the polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention and/or the polypeptide of some embodiments of the invention.

According to some embodiments of the invention, expressing the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention within the plant is effected by transforming one or more cells of the plant with the exogenous polynucleotide, followed by generating a mature plant from the transformed cells and cultivating the mature plant under conditions suitable for expressing the exogenous polynucleotide within the mature plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the transformation is effected by introducing to the plant cell a nucleic acid construct which includes the exogenous polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention and at least one promoter for directing transcription of the exogenous polynucleotide in a host cell (a plant cell). Further details of suitable transformation approaches are provided hereinbelow.

As mentioned, the nucleic acid construct according to some embodiments of the invention comprises a promoter sequence and the isolated polynucleotide of some embodiments of the invention.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the isolated polynucleotide is operably linked to the promoter sequence.

A coding nucleic acid sequence is “operably linked” to a regulatory sequence (e.g., promoter) if the regulatory sequence is capable of exerting a regulatory effect on the coding sequence linked thereto.

As used herein, the term “promoter” refers to a region of DNA which lies upstream of the transcriptional initiation site of a gene to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of RNA. The promoter controls where (e.g., which portion of a plant) and/or when (e.g., at which stage or condition in the lifetime of an organism) the gene is expressed.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the promoter is heterologous to the isolated polynucleotide and/or to the host cell.

As used herein the phrase “heterologous promoter” refers to a promoter from a different species or from the same species but from a different gene locus as of the isolated polynucleotide sequence.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the isolated polynucleotide is heterologous to the plant cell (e.g., the polynucleotide is derived from a different plant species when compared to the plant cell, thus the isolated polynucleotide and the plant cell are not from the same plant species).

Any suitable promoter sequence can be used by the nucleic acid construct of the present invention. Preferably the promoter is a constitutive promoter, a tissue-specific, or an abiotic stress-inducible promoter.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the promoter is a plant promoter, which is suitable for expression of the exogenous polynucleotide in a plant cell.

Suitable promoters for expression in wheat include, but are not limited to, Wheat SPA promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10630; Albanietal, Plant Cell, 9: 171-184, 1997, which is fully incorporated herein by reference), wheat LMW (SEQ ID NO: 10631 (longer LMW promoter), and SEQ ID NO: 10632 (LMW promoter) and HMW glutenin-1 (SEQ ID NO: 10633 (Wheat HMW glutenin-1 longer promoter); and SEQ ID NO: 10634 (Wheat HMW glutenin-1 Promoter); Thomas and Flavell, The Plant Cell 2:1171-1180; Furtado et al., 2009 Plant Biotechnology Journal 7:240-253, each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference), wheat alpha, beta and gamma gliadins [e.g., SEQ ID NO: 10635 (wheat alpha gliadin, B genome, promoter); SEQ ID NO: 10636 (wheat gamma gliadin promoter); EMBO 3:1409-15, 1984, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], wheat TdPR60 [SEQ ID NO: 10637 (wheat TdPR60 longer promoter) or SEQ ID NO: 10638 (wheat TdPR60 promoter); Kovalchuk et al., Plant Mol Biol 71:81-98, 2009, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], maize Ub1 Promoter [cultivar Nongda 105 (SEQ ID NO: 10639); GenBank: DQ141598.1; Taylor et al., Plant Cell Rep 1993 12: 491-495, which is fully incorporated herein by reference; and cultivar B73 (SEQ ID NO: 10640); Christensen, A H, et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 18 (4), 675-689 (1992), which is fully incorporated herein by reference]; rice actin 1 (SEQ ID NO: 10641; Mc Elroy et al. 1990, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, 163-171, which is fully incorporated herein by reference), rice GOS2 [SEQ ID NO: 10642 (rice GOS2 longer promoter) and SEQ ID NO: 10643 (rice GOS2 Promoter); De Pater et al. Plant J. 1992; 2: 837-44, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], arabidopsis Pho1 [SEQ ID NO: 10644 (arabidopsis Pho1 Promoter); Hamburger et al., Plant Cell. 2002; 14: 889-902, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], Expansin B promoters, e.g., rice ExpB5 [SEQ ID NO: 10645 (rice ExpB5 longer promoter) and SEQ ID NO: 10646 (rice ExpB5 promoter)] and Barley ExpB1 [SEQ ID NO: 10647 (barley ExpB1 Promoter), Won et al. Mol Cells. 2010; 30:369-76, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], barley SS2 (sucrose synthase 2) [(SEQ ID NO: 10648), Guerin and Carbonero, Plant Physiology May 1997 vol. 114 no. 1 55-62, which is fully incorporated herein by reference], and rice PG5a [SEQ ID NO: 10649, U.S. Pat. No. 7,700,835, Nakase et al., Plant Mol Biol. 32:621-30, 1996, each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference].

Suitable constitutive promoters include, for example, CaMV 35S promoter [SEQ ID NO: 10650 (CaMV 35S (pQXNc) Promoter); SEQ ID NO: 10651 (PJJ 35S from Brachypodium); SEQ ID NO: 10652 (CaMV 35S (OLD) Promoter) (Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812, 1985)], Arabidopsis At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10653 (Arabidopsis At6669 (OLD) Promoter); see PCT Publication No. WO04081173A2 or the new At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654 (Arabidopsis At6669 (NEW) Promoter)); maize Ub1 Promoter [cultivar Nongda 105 (SEQ ID NO: 10639); GenBank: DQ141598.1; Taylor et al., Plant Cell Rep 1993 12: 491-495, which is fully incorporated herein by reference; and cultivar B73 (SEQ ID NO: 10640); Christensen, A H, et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 18 (4), 675-689 (1992), which is fully incorporated herein by reference]; rice actin 1 (SEQ ID NO: 10641, McElroy et al., Plant Cell 2:163-171, 1990); pEMU (Last et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:581-588, 1991); CaMV 19S (Nilsson et al., Physiol. Plant 100:456-462, 1997); rice GOS2 [SEQ ID NO: 10642 (rice GOS2 longer Promoter) and SEQ ID NO: 10643 (rice GOS2 Promoter), de Pater et al, Plant J November; 2(6):837-44, 1992]; RBCS promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10655); Rice cyclophilin (Bucholz et al, Plant Mol Biol. 25(5):837-43, 1994); Maize H3 histone (Lepetit et al, Mol. Gen. Genet. 231: 276-285, 1992); Actin 2 (An et al, Plant J. 10(1); 107-121, 1996) and Synthetic Super MAS (Ni et al., The Plant Journal 7: 661-76, 1995). Other constitutive promoters include those in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,659,026, 5,608,149; 5.608,144; 5,604,121; 5,569,597: 5,466,785; 5,399,680; 5,268,463; and 5,608,142.

Suitable tissue-specific promoters include, but not limited to, leaf-specific promoters [e.g., AT5G06690 (Thioredoxin) (high expression, SEQ ID NO: 10656), AT5G61520 (AtSTP3) (low expression, SEQ ID NO: 10657) described in Buttner et al 2000 Plant, Cell and Environment 23, 175-184, or the promoters described in Yamamoto et al., Plant J. 12:255-265, 1997; Kwon et al., Plant Physiol. 105:357-67, 1994; Yamamoto et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 35:773-778, 1994; Gotor et al., Plant J. 3:509-18, 1993; Orozco et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 23:1129-1138, 1993; and Matsuoka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9586-9590, 1993; as well as Arabidopsis STP3 (AT5G61520) promoter (Buttner et al., Plant, Cell and Environment 23:175-184, 2000)], seed-preferred promoters [e.g., Napin (originated from Brassica napus which is characterized by a seed specific promoter activity; Stuitje A. R. et. al. Plant Biotechnology Journal 1 (4): 301-309; SEQ ID NO: 10658 (Brassica napus NAPIN Promoter) from seed specific genes (Simon, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 5. 191, 1985; Scofield, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262: 12202, 1987; Baszczynski, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 633, 1990), rice PG5a (SEQ ID NO: 10649; U.S. Pat. No. 7,700,835), early seed development Arabidopsis BAN (AT1G61720) (SEQ ID NO: 10659, US 2009/0031450 A1), late seed development Arabidopsis ABI3 (AT3G24650) (SEQ ID NO: 10660 (Arabidopsis ABI3 (AT3G24650) longer Promoter) or 10661 (Arabidopsis ABI3 (AT3G24650) Promoter)) (Ng et al., Plant Molecular Biology 54: 25-38, 2004), Brazil Nut albumin (Pearson′ et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 235-245, 1992), legumin (Ellis, et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 10: 203-214, 1988), Glutelin (rice) (Takaiwa, et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 208: 15-22, 1986; Takaiwa, et al., FEBS Letts. 221: 43-47, 1987), Zein (Matzke et al Plant Mol Biol, 143:323-32 1990), napA (Stalberg, et al, Planta 199: 515-519, 1996), Wheat SPA (SEQ ID NO: 10630; Albanietal, Plant Cell, 9: 171-184, 1997), sunflower oleosin (Cummins, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 873-876, 1992)], endosperm specific promoters [e.g., wheat LMW (SEQ ID NO: 10631 (Wheat LMW Longer Promoter), and SEQ ID NO: 10632 (Wheat LMW Promoter) and HMW glutenin-1 [(SEQ ID NO: 10633 (Wheat HMW glutenin-1 longer Promoter)); and SEQ ID NO: 10634 (Wheat HMW glutenin-1 Promoter), Thomas and Flavell, The Plant Cell 2:1171-1180, 1990; Mol Gen Genet 216:81-90, 1989; NAR 17:461-2), wheat alpha, beta and gamma gliadins (SEQ ID NO: 10635 (wheat alpha gliadin (B genome) promoter); SEQ ID NO: 10636 (wheat gamma gliadin promoter); EMBO 3:1409-15, 1984), Barley ltr1 promoter, barley B1, C, D hordein (Theor Appl Gen 98:1253-62, 1999; Plant J 4:343-55, 1993; Mol Gen Genet 250:750-60, 1996), Barley DOF (Mena et al, The Plant Journal, 116(1): 53-62, 1998), Biz2 (EP99106056.7), Barley SS2 (SEQ ID NO: 10648 (Barley SS2 Promoter); Guerin and Carbonero Plant Physiology 114: 1 55-62, 1997), wheat Tarp60 (Kovalchuk et al., Plant Mol Biol 71:81-98, 2009), barley D-hordein (D-Hor) and B-hordein (B-Hor) (Agnelo Furtado, Robert J. Henry and Alessandro Pellegrineschi (2009)], Synthetic promoter (Vicente-Carbajosa et al., Plant J. 13: 629-640, 1998), rice prolamin NRP33, rice -globulin Glb-1 (Wu et al, Plant Cell Physiology 39(8) 885-889, 1998), rice alpha-globulin REB/OHP-1 (Nakase et al. Plant Mol. Biol. 33: 513-S22, 1997), rice ADP-glucose PP (Trans Res 6:157-68, 1997), maize ESR gene family (Plant J 12:235-46, 1997), sorgum gamma-kafirin (PMB 32:1029-35, 1996)], embryo specific promoters [e.g., rice OSH1 (Sato et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 8117-8122), KNOX (Postma-Haarsma et al, Plant Mol. Biol. 39:257-71, 1999), rice oleosin (Wu et at, J. Biochem., 123:386, 1998)], and flower-specific promoters [e.g., AtPRP4, chalene synthase (chsA) (Van der Meer, et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 15, 95-109, 1990), LAT52 (Twell et al Mol. Gen Genet. 217:240-245; 1989), Arabidopsis apetala—3 (Tilly et al., Development. 125:1647-57, 1998), Arabidopsis APETALA 1 (AT1G69120, AP1) (SEQ ID NO: 10662 (Arabidopsis (AT1G69120) APETALA 1)) (Hempel et al., Development 124:3845-3853, 1997)], and root promoters [e.g., the ROOTP promoter [SEQ ID NO: 10663]; rice ExpB5 (SEQ ID NO: 10646 (rice ExpB5 Promoter); or SEQ ID NO: 10645 (rice ExpB5 longer Promoter)) and barley ExpB1 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10647) (Won et al. Mol. Cells 30: 369-376, 2010); arabidopsis ATTPS-CIN (AT3G25820) promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10664; Chen et al., Plant Phys 135:1956-66, 2004); arabidopsis Pho1 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10644, Hamburger et al., Plant Cell. 14: 889-902, 2002), which is also slightly induced by stress].

Suitable abiotic stress-inducible promoters include, but not limited to, salt-inducible promoters such as RD29A (Yamaguchi-Shinozalei et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 236:331-340, 1993); drought-inducible promoters such as maize rab17 gene promoter (Pla et. al., Plant Mol. Biol. 21:259-266, 1993), maize rab28 gene promoter (Busk et. al., Plant J. 11:1285-1295, 1997) and maize Ivr2 gene promoter (Pelleschi et. al., Plant Mol. Biol. 39:373-380, 1999); heat-inducible promoters such as heat tomato hsp80-promoter from tomato (U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,267).

The nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention can further include an appropriate selectable marker and/or an origin of replication. According to some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid construct utilized is a shuttle vector, which can propagate both in E. coli (wherein the construct comprises an appropriate selectable marker and origin of replication) and be compatible with propagation in cells. The construct according to the present invention can be, for example, a plasmid, a bacmid, a phagemid, a cosmid, a phage, a virus or an artificial chromosome.

The nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention can be utilized to stably or transiently transform plant cells. In stable transformation, the exogenous polynucleotide is integrated into the plant genome and as such it represents a stable and inherited trait. In transient transformation, the exogenous polynucleotide is expressed by the cell transformed but it is not integrated into the genome and as such it represents a transient trait.

There are various methods of introducing foreign genes into both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants (Potrykus, I., Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol., Plant. Mol. Biol. (1991) 42:205-225; Shimamoto et al., Nature (1989) 338:274-276).

The principle methods of causing stable integration of exogenous DNA into plant genomic DNA include two main approaches:

(i) Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer: Klee et al. (1987) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38:467-486; Klee and Rogers in Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 6, Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes, eds. Schell, J., and Vasil, L. K., Academic Publishers, San Diego, Calif. (1989) p. 2-25; Gatenby, in Plant Biotechnology, eds. Kung, S. and Arntzen, C. J., Butterworth Publishers, Boston, Mass. (1989) p. 93-112.

(ii) Direct DNA uptake: Paszkowski et al., in Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 6, Molecular Biology of Plant Nuclear Genes eds. Schell, J., and Vasil, L. K., Academic Publishers, San Diego, Calif. (1989) p. 52-68; including methods for direct uptake of DNA into protoplasts, Toriyama, K. et al. (1988) Bio/Technology 6:1072-1074. DNA uptake induced by brief electric shock of plant cells: Zhang et al. Plant Cell Rep. (1988) 7:379-384. Fromm et al. Nature (1986) 319:791-793. DNA injection into plant cells or tissues by particle bombardment, Klein et al. Bio/Technology (1988) 6:559-563; McCabe et al. Bio/Technology (1988) 6:923-926; Sanford, Physiol. Plant. (1990) 79:206-209; by the use of micropipette systems: Neuhaus et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. (1987) 75:30-36; Neuhaus and Spangenberg, Physiol. Plant. (1990) 79:213-217; glass fibers or silicon carbide whisker transformation of cell cultures, embryos or callus tissue, U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,765 or by the direct incubation of DNA with germinating pollen, DeWet et al. in Experimental Manipulation of Ovule Tissue, eds. Chapman, G. P. and Mantell, S. H. and Daniels, W. Longman, London, (1985) p. 197-209; and Ohta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986) 83:715-719.

The Agrobacterium system includes the use of plasmid vectors that contain defined DNA segments that integrate into the plant genomic DNA. Methods of inoculation of the plant tissue vary depending upon the plant species and the Agrobacterium delivery system. A widely used approach is the leaf disc procedure which can be performed with any tissue explant that provides a good source for initiation of whole plant differentiation. See, e.g., Horsch et al. in Plant Molecular Biology Manual A5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1988) p. 1-9. A supplementary approach employs the Agrobacterium delivery system in combination with vacuum infiltration. The Agrobacterium system is especially viable in the creation of transgenic dicotyledonous plants.

There are various methods of direct DNA transfer into plant cells. In electroporation, the protoplasts are briefly exposed to a strong electric field. In microinjection, the DNA is mechanically injected directly into the cells using very small micropipettes. In microparticle bombardment, the DNA is adsorbed on microprojectiles such as magnesium sulfate crystals or tungsten particles, and the microprojectiles are physically accelerated into cells or plant tissues.

Following stable transformation plant propagation is exercised. The most common method of plant propagation is by seed. Regeneration by seed propagation, however, has the deficiency that due to heterozygosity there is a lack of uniformity in the crop, since seeds are produced by plants according to the genetic variances governed by Mendelian rules. Basically, each seed is genetically different and each will grow with its own specific traits. Therefore, it is preferred that the transformed plant be produced such that the regenerated plant has the identical traits and characteristics of the parent transgenic plant. Therefore, it is preferred that the transformed plant be regenerated by micropropagation which provides a rapid, consistent reproduction of the transformed plants.

Micropropagation is a process of growing new generation plants from a single piece of tissue that has been excised from a selected parent plant or cultivar. This process permits the mass reproduction of plants having the preferred tissue expressing the fusion protein. The new generation plants which are produced are genetically identical to, and have all of the characteristics of, the original plant. Micropropagation allows mass production of quality plant material in a short period of time and offers a rapid multiplication of selected cultivars in the preservation of the characteristics of the original transgenic or transformed plant. The advantages of cloning plants are the speed of plant multiplication and the quality and uniformity of plants produced.

Micropropagation is a multi-stage procedure that requires alteration of culture medium or growth conditions between stages. Thus, the micropropagation process involves four basic stages: Stage one, initial tissue culturing; stage two, tissue culture multiplication; stage three, differentiation and plant formation; and stage four, greenhouse culturing and hardening. During stage one, initial tissue culturing, the tissue culture is established and certified contaminant-free. During stage two, the initial tissue culture is multiplied until a sufficient number of tissue samples are produced from the seedlings to meet production goals. During stage three, the tissue samples grown in stage two are divided and grown into individual plantlets. At stage four, the transformed plantlets are transferred to a greenhouse for hardening where the plants' tolerance to light is gradually increased so that it can be grown in the natural environment.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the transgenic plants are generated by transient transformation of leaf cells, meristematic cells or the whole plant.

Transient transformation can be effected by any of the direct DNA transfer methods described above or by viral infection using modified plant viruses.

Viruses that have been shown to be useful for the transformation of plant hosts include CaMV, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BV or BCMV). Transformation of plants using plant viruses is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,237 (bean golden mosaic virus; BGV), EP-A 67,553 (TMV), Japanese Published Application No. 63-14693 (TMV), EPA 194,809 (BV), EPA 278,667 (BV); and Gluzman, Y. et al., Communications in Molecular Biology: Viral Vectors, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 172-189 (1988). Pseudovirus particles for use in expressing foreign DNA in many hosts, including plants are described in WO 87/06261.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the virus used for transient transformations is avirulent and thus is incapable of causing severe symptoms such as reduced growth rate, mosaic, ring spots, leaf roll, yellowing, streaking, pox formation, tumor formation and pitting. A suitable avirulent virus may be a naturally occurring avirulent virus or an artificially attenuated virus. Virus attenuation may be effected by using methods well known in the art including, but not limited to, sub-lethal heating, chemical treatment or by directed mutagenesis techniques such as described, for example, by Kurihara and Watanabe (Molecular Plant Pathology 4:259-269, 2003), Gal-on et al. (1992), Atreya et al. (1992) and Huet et al. (1994).

Suitable virus strains can be obtained from available sources such as, for example, the American Type culture Collection (ATCC) or by isolation from infected plants. Isolation of viruses from infected plant tissues can be effected by techniques well known in the art such as described, for example by Foster and Taylor, Eds. “Plant Virology Protocols: From Virus Isolation to Transgenic Resistance (Methods in Molecular Biology (Humana Pr), Vol 81)”, Humana Press, 1998. Briefly, tissues of an infected plant believed to contain a high concentration of a suitable virus, preferably young leaves and flower petals, are ground in a buffer solution (e.g., phosphate buffer solution) to produce a virus infected sap which can be used in subsequent inoculations.

Construction of plant RNA viruses for the introduction and expression of non-viral exogenous polynucleotide sequences in plants is demonstrated by the above references as well as by Dawson, W. O. et al., Virology (1989) 172:285-292; Takamatsu et al. EMBO J. (1987) 6:307-311; French et al. Science (1986) 231:1294-1297; Takamatsu et al. FEBS Letters (1990) 269:73-76; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,931.

When the virus is a DNA virus, suitable modifications can be made to the virus itself. Alternatively, the virus can first be cloned into a bacterial plasmid for ease of constructing the desired viral vector with the foreign DNA. The virus can then be excised from the plasmid. If the virus is a DNA virus, a bacterial origin of replication can be attached to the viral DNA, which is then replicated by the bacteria. Transcription and translation of this DNA will produce the coat protein which will encapsidate the viral DNA. If the virus is an RNA virus, the virus is generally cloned as a cDNA and inserted into a plasmid. The plasmid is then used to make all of the constructions. The RNA virus is then produced by transcribing the viral sequence of the plasmid and translation of the viral genes to produce the coat protein(s) which encapsidate the viral RNA.

In one embodiment, a plant viral polynucleotide is provided in which the native coat protein coding sequence has been deleted from a viral polynucleotide, a non-native plant viral coat protein coding sequence and a non-native promoter, preferably the subgenomic promoter of the non-native coat protein coding sequence, capable of expression in the plant host, packaging of the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide, and ensuring a systemic infection of the host by the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide, has been inserted. Alternatively, the coat protein gene may be inactivated by insertion of the non-native polynucleotide sequence within it, such that a protein is produced. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide may contain one or more additional non-native subgenomic promoters. Each non-native subgenomic promoter is capable of transcribing or expressing adjacent genes or polynucleotide sequences in the plant host and incapable of recombination with each other and with native subgenomic promoters. Non-native (foreign) polynucleotide sequences may be inserted adjacent the native plant viral subgenomic promoter or the native and a non-native plant viral subgenomic promoters if more than one polynucleotide sequence is included. The non-native polynucleotide sequences are transcribed or expressed in the host plant under control of the subgenomic promoter to produce the desired products.

In a second embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided as in the first embodiment except that the native coat protein coding sequence is placed adjacent one of the non-native coat protein subgenomic promoters instead of a non-native coat protein coding sequence.

In a third embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided in which the native coat protein gene is adjacent its subgenomic promoter and one or more non-native subgenomic promoters have been inserted into the viral polynucleotide. The inserted non-native subgenomic promoters are capable of transcribing or expressing adjacent genes in a plant host and are incapable of recombination with each other and with native subgenomic promoters. Non-native polynucleotide sequences may be inserted adjacent the non-native subgenomic plant viral promoters such that the sequences are transcribed or expressed in the host plant under control of the subgenomic promoters to produce the desired product.

In a fourth embodiment, a recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is provided as in the third embodiment except that the native coat protein coding sequence is replaced by a non-native coat protein coding sequence.

The viral vectors are encapsidated by the coat proteins encoded by the recombinant plant viral polynucleotide to produce a recombinant plant virus. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide or recombinant plant virus is used to infect appropriate host plants. The recombinant plant viral polynucleotide is capable of replication in the host, systemic spread in the host, and transcription or expression of foreign gene(s) (exogenous polynucleotide) in the host to produce the desired protein.

Techniques for inoculation of viruses to plants may be found in Foster and Taylor, eds. “Plant Virology Protocols: From Virus Isolation to Transgenic Resistance (Methods in Molecular Biology (Humana Pr), Vol 81)”, Humana Press, 1998; Maramorosh and Koprowski, eds. “Methods in Virology” 7 vols, Academic Press, New York 1967-1984; Hill, S. A. “Methods in Plant Virology”, Blackwell, Oxford, 1984; Walkey, D. G. A. “Applied Plant Virology”, Wiley, New York, 1985; and Kado and Agrawa, eds. “Principles and Techniques in Plant Virology”, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York.

In addition to the above, the polynucleotide of the present invention can also be introduced into a chloroplast genome thereby enabling chloroplast expression.

A technique for introducing exogenous polynucleotide sequences to the genome of the chloroplasts is known. This technique involves the following procedures. First, plant cells are chemically treated so as to reduce the number of chloroplasts per cell to about one. Then, the exogenous polynucleotide is introduced via particle bombardment into the cells with the aim of introducing at least one exogenous polynucleotide molecule into the chloroplasts. The exogenous polynucleotides selected such that it is integratable into the chloroplast's genome via homologous recombination which is readily effected by enzymes inherent to the chloroplast. To this end, the exogenous polynucleotide includes, in addition to a gene of interest, at least one polynucleotide stretch which is derived from the chloroplast's genome. In addition, the exogenous polynucleotide includes a selectable marker, which serves by sequential selection procedures to ascertain that all or substantially all of the copies of the chloroplast genomes following such selection will include the exogenous polynucleotide. Further details relating to this technique are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,945,050; and 5,693,507 which are incorporated herein by reference. A polypeptide can thus be produced by the protein expression system of the chloroplast and become integrated into the chloroplast's inner membrane.

According to some embodiments, there is provided a method of improving nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, oil yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a grafted plant, the method comprising providing a scion that does not transgenically express a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629 and a plant rootstock that transgenically expresses a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% homologous (or identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629 (e.g., in a constitutive, tissue specific or inducible, e.g., in an abiotic stress responsive manner), thereby improving the nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, and/or abiotic stress tolerance of the grafted plant.

In some embodiments, the plant scion is non-transgenic.

Several embodiments relate to a grafted plant exhibiting improved nitrogen use efficiency, yield, growth rate, biomass, vigor, oil content, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, and/or abiotic stress tolerance, comprising a scion that does not transgenically express a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629 and a plant rootstock that transgenically expresses a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% homologous (or identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629.

In some embodiments, the plant root stock transgenically expresses a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% homologous (or identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629 in a stress responsive manner.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant root stock transgenically expresses a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant root stock transgenically expresses a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant root stock transgenically expresses a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

Since processes which increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, oil content, yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, growth rate, biomass, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant can involve multiple genes acting additively or in synergy (see, for example, in Quesda et al., Plant Physiol. 130:951-063, 2002), the present invention also envisages expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant to thereby achieve superior effect on nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, oil content, yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, growth rate, biomass, vigor and/or abiotic stress tolerance.

Expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by co-introducing multiple nucleic acid constructs, each including a different exogenous polynucleotide, into a single plant cell. The transformed cell can then be regenerated into a mature plant using the methods described hereinabove.

Alternatively, expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by co-introducing into a single plant-cell a single nucleic-acid construct including a plurality of different exogenous polynucleotides. Such a construct can be designed with a single promoter sequence which can transcribe a polycistronic messenger RNA including all the different exogenous polynucleotide sequences. To enable co-translation of the different polypeptides encoded by the polycistronic messenger RNA, the polynucleotide sequences can be inter-linked via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence which facilitates translation of polynucleotide sequences positioned downstream of the IRES sequence. In this case, a transcribed polycistronic RNA molecule encoding the different polypeptides described above will be translated from both the capped 5′ end and the two internal IRES sequences of the polycistronic RNA molecule to thereby produce in the cell all different polypeptides. Alternatively, the construct can include several promoter sequences each linked to a different exogenous polynucleotide sequence.

The plant cell transformed with the construct including a plurality of different exogenous polynucleotides, can be regenerated into a mature plant, using the methods described hereinabove.

Alternatively, expressing a plurality of exogenous polynucleotides in a single host plant can be effected by introducing different nucleic acid constructs, including different exogenous polynucleotides, into a plurality of plants. The regenerated transformed plants can then be cross-bred and resultant progeny selected for superior abiotic stress tolerance, water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, growth, biomass, yield and/or vigor traits, using conventional plant breeding techniques.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under the abiotic stress.

Non-limiting examples of abiotic stress conditions include, salinity, osmotic stress, drought, water deprivation, excess of water (e.g., flood, waterlogging), etiolation, low temperature (e.g., cold stress), high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, nutrient deficiency (e.g., nitrogen deficiency or nitrogen limitation), nutrient excess, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprising growing the plant expressing the exogenous polynucleotide under fertilizer limiting conditions (e.g., nitrogen-limiting conditions). Non-limiting examples include growing the plant on soils with low nitrogen content (40-50% Nitrogen of the content present under normal or optimal conditions), or even under sever nitrogen deficiency (0-10% Nitrogen of the content present under normal or optimal conditions), wherein the normal or optimal conditions include about 6-15 mM Nitrogen, e.g., 6-10 mM Nitrogen).

Thus, the invention encompasses plants exogenously expressing the polynucleotide(s), the nucleic acid constructs and/or polypeptide(s) of the invention.

Once expressed within the plant cell or the entire plant, the level of the polypeptide encoded by the exogenous polynucleotide can be determined by methods well known in the art such as, activity assays, Western blots using antibodies capable of specifically binding the polypeptide, Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), radio-immuno-assays (RIA), immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and the like.

Methods of determining the level in the plant of the RNA transcribed from the exogenous polynucleotide are well known in the art and include, for example, Northern blot analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (including quantitative, semi-quantitative or real-time RT-PCR) and RNA-in situ hybridization.

The sequence information and annotations uncovered by the present teachings can be harnessed in favor of classical breeding. Thus, sub-sequence data of those polynucleotides described above, can be used as markers for marker assisted selection (MAS), in which a marker is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a trait of interest (e.g., biomass, growth rate, oil content, yield, abiotic stress tolerance, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and/or fertilizer use efficiency). Nucleic acid data of the present teachings (DNA or RNA sequence) may contain or be linked to polymorphic sites or genetic markers on the genome such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA fingerprinting (DFP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), expression level polymorphism, polymorphism of the encoded polypeptide and any other polymorphism at the DNA or RNA sequence.

Examples of marker assisted selections include, but are not limited to, selection for a morphological trait (e.g., a gene that affects form, coloration, male sterility or resistance such as the presence or absence of awn, leaf sheath coloration, height, grain color, aroma of rice); selection for a biochemical trait (e.g., a gene that encodes a protein that can be extracted and observed; for example, isozymes and storage proteins);

selection for a biological trait (e.g., pathogen races or insect biotypes based on host pathogen or host parasite interaction can be used as a marker since the genetic constitution of an organism can affect its susceptibility to pathogens or parasites).

The polynucleotides and polypeptides described hereinabove can be used in a wide range of economical plants, in a safe and cost effective manner.

Plant lines exogenously expressing the polynucleotide or the polypeptide of the invention are screened to identify those that show the greatest increase of the desired plant trait.

Thus, according to an additional embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of evaluating a trait of a plant, the method comprising: (a) expressing in a plant or a portion thereof the nucleic acid construct of some embodiments of the invention; and (b) evaluating a trait of a plant as compared to a wild type plant of the same type (e.g., a plant not transformed with the claimed biomolecules); thereby evaluating the trait of the plant.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop of a plant expressing an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous (e.g., identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629, wherein the plant is derived from a plant (parent plant) that has been transformed to express the exogenous polynucleotide and that has been selected for increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a control plant, thereby producing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide at least 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% homologous (e.g., identical) to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629, wherein the crop plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and the crop plant having the increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency), thereby producing the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop of a plant expressing an exogenous polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, wherein the plant is derived from a plant selected for increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a control plant, thereby producing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a crop comprising growing a crop plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide at least 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or more say 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, wherein the crop plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a wild type plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and the crop plant having the increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency), thereby producing the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention there is provided a method of growing a crop comprising seeding seeds and/or planting plantlets of a plant transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide of the invention, e.g., the polynucleotide which encodes the polypeptide of some embodiments of the invention, wherein the plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a non-transformed plant.

According to some embodiments of the invention the method of growing a crop comprising seeding seeds and/or planting plantlets of a plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 or 10629, wherein the plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a non-transformed plant, thereby growing the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention the polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629.

According to some embodiments of the invention the method of growing a crop comprising seeding seeds and/or planting plantlets of a plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising the nucleic acid sequence at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1-82, 84-174, 176-222, 224-229, 231-235, 238-302, 304-387, 389-473, 475-519, 521-526, 528-532, 535-551, 898-2468, 2485, 2492-2493, 2495, 2507-2508, 2510-2512, 2523-2524, 2526, 2528, 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545-2546, 2551-2553, 2557, 2564, 2567, 2573-2574, 2576-2577, 2583, 2594, 2599, 2602, 2611, 2613-2614, 2616-2617, 2619, 2635-2638, 2640-2642, 2648, 2652, 2655, 2660, 2662, 2666, 2668, 2673-2674, 2677, 2679, 2681, 2683-2688, 2691, 2693, 2695-2698, 2700, 2707-2708, 2713-2714, 2716-2717, 2719-2720, 2724-2726, 2728, 2730-2731, 2736-2742, 2744-2746, 2751-2753, 2757, 2759-2762, 2764-2766, 2769-2776, 2780-2783, 2785-2788, 2791, 2793-2795, 2798, 2805, 2807-2808, 2812, 2814-2815, 2818-2820, 2823, 2829, 2834-2838, 2840-2842, 2844-2846, 2848, 2852-2858, 2860-2872, 2874, 2876-3244, 3246, 3248-4015, 4017-4426, 4449-5012, 5015-5071, 5073-5090, 5101, 5255, 5267-5304, 5306-5307, 5309-5539, 5541, 5543-5976, 5994-5999, 6003-6027 and 6028, wherein the plant is derived from plants which have been transformed with the exogenous polynucleotide and which have been selected for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of increased abiotic stress tolerance, increased water use efficiency, increased growth rate, increased vigor, increased biomass, increased oil content, increased yield, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, and/or increased fertilizer use efficiency (e.g., increased nitrogen use efficiency) as compared to a non-transformed plant, thereby growing the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of growing a crop comprising:

(a) selecting a parent plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629 for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and increased abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and

(b) growing a progeny crop plant of the parent plant, wherein the progeny crop plant which comprises the exogenous polynucleotide has the increased yield, the increased growth rate, the increased biomass, the increased vigor, the increased oil content, the increased seed yield, the increased fiber yield, the increased fiber quality, the increased fiber length, the increased photosynthetic capacity, the increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or the increased abiotic stress,

thereby growing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing seeds of a crop comprising:

(a) selecting parent plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, e.g., 100% identical to the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 552-633, 635-725, 727-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-889, 891-897, 6029-7467, 7481, 7487, 7498-7499, 7501-7503, 7512-7513, 7515, 7517, 7522, 7525, 7529, 7533-7534, 7539-7541, 7545, 7549, 7552, 7555-7556, 7558, 7563, 7576, 7579, 7588, 7590, 7592-7593, 7595, 7609-7612, 7614-7615, 7620, 7624, 7627, 7631, 7633, 7637, 7639, 7643-7644, 7647, 7649, 7651, 7653-7658, 7660, 7662, 7664, 7666, 7672-7673, 7677-7678, 7680-7681, 7683-7684, 7688-7690, 7692, 7694, 7699-7703, 7705-7706, 7709-7711, 7716-7719, 7721-7723, 7726-7732, 7736-7738, 7740-7742, 7745, 7747-7748, 7751, 7758, 7760-7762, 7765-7766, 7769, 7773, 7777-7781, 7783-7785, 7787-7789, 7791, 7795-7800, 7802-7811, 7813, 7815-8160, 8162, 8164-8853, 8855-9215, 9238-9749, 9751-9803, 9805-9818, 9828, 9935-9968, 9970-9971, 9973-10187, 10189, 10191-10585, 10600-10605, 10609-10628 and 10629 for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and increased abiotic stress as compared to a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions,

(b) growing a seed producing plant from the parent plant resultant of step (a), wherein the seed producing plant which comprises the exogenous polynucleotide having the increased yield, the increased growth rate, the increased biomass, the increased vigor, the increased oil content, the increased seed yield, the increased fiber yield, the increased fiber quality, the increased fiber length, the increased photosynthetic capacity, the increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or the increased abiotic stress, and

(c) producing seeds from the seed producing plant resultant of step (b),

thereby producing seeds of the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the seeds produced from the seed producing plant comprise the exogenous polynucleotide.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of growing a crop comprising:

(a) selecting a parent plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629, for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and increased abiotic stress tolerance as compared to a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions, and

(b) growing progeny crop plant of the parent plant, wherein the progeny crop plant which comprises the exogenous polynucleotide has the increased yield, the increased growth rate, the increased biomass, the increased vigor, the increased oil content, the increased seed yield, the increased fiber yield, the increased fiber quality, the increased fiber length, the increased photosynthetic capacity, the increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or the increased abiotic stress,

thereby growing the crop.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a method of producing seeds of a crop comprising:

(a) selecting parent plant transformed with an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 552-773, 775-780, 782-786, 789-885, 887-897, 6029-7781, 7783-9818, 9820-9823, 9827-9828, 9840-9841, 9849, 9852-9854, 9856, 9858-9859, 9867, 9870, 9872, 9874-9875, 9881, 9883-9885, 9887, 9891, 9893, 9896, 9898-9902, 9904, 9906-9908, 9911, 9915, 9917, 9919, 9921-9922, 9924-9926, 9929, 9933-10585, 10589, 10593, 10599-10605, 10607-10628 and 10629 for at least one trait selected from the group consisting of: increased yield, increased growth rate, increased biomass, increased vigor, increased oil content, increased seed yield, increased fiber yield, increased fiber quality, increased fiber length, increased photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and increased abiotic stress as compared to a non-transformed plant of the same species which is grown under the same growth conditions,

(b) growing a seed producing plant from the parent plant resultant of step (a), wherein the seed producing plant which comprises the exogenous polynucleotide having the increased yield, the increased growth rate, the increased biomass, the increased vigor, the increased oil content, the increased seed yield, the increased fiber yield, the increased fiber quality, the increased fiber length, the increased photosynthetic capacity, the increased nitrogen use efficiency, and/or the increased abiotic stress, and

(c) producing seeds from the seed producing plant resultant of step (b),

thereby producing seeds of the crop.

According to some embodiments of the invention the exogenous polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-551, 898-6027 and 6028.

The effect of the transgene (the exogenous polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide) on abiotic stress tolerance can be determined using known methods such as detailed below and in the Examples section which follows.

Abiotic stress tolerance—Transformed (i.e., expressing the transgene) and non-transformed (wild type) plants are exposed to an abiotic stress condition, such as water deprivation, suboptimal temperature (low temperature, high temperature), nutrient deficiency (e.g., nitrogen deficiency or limiting nitrogen conditions), nutrient excess, a salt stress condition, osmotic stress, heavy metal toxicity, anaerobiosis, atmospheric pollution and UV irradiation.

Salinity tolerance assay—Transgenic plants with tolerance to high salt concentrations are expected to exhibit better germination, seedling vigor or growth in high salt. Salt stress can be effected in many ways such as, for example, by irrigating the plants with a hyperosmotic solution, by cultivating the plants hydroponically in a hyperosmotic growth solution (e.g., Hoagland solution), or by culturing the plants in a hyperosmotic growth medium [e.g., 50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS medium)]. Since different plants vary considerably in their tolerance to salinity, the salt concentration in the irrigation water, growth solution, or growth medium can be adjusted according to the specific characteristics of the specific plant cultivar or variety, so as to inflict a mild or moderate effect on the physiology and/or morphology of the plants (for guidelines as to appropriate concentration see, Bernstein and Kafkafi, Root Growth Under Salinity Stress In: Plant Roots, The Hidden Half 3rd ed. Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U. (editors) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2002, and reference therein).

For example, a salinity tolerance test can be performed by irrigating plants at different developmental stages with increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (for example 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM NaCl) applied from the bottom and from above to ensure even dispersal of salt. Following exposure to the stress condition the plants are frequently monitored until substantial physiological and/or morphological effects appear in wild type plants. Thus, the external phenotypic appearance, degree of wilting and overall success to reach maturity and yield progeny are compared between control and transgenic plants.

Quantitative parameters of tolerance measured include, but are not limited to, the average wet and dry weight, growth rate, leaf size, leaf coverage (overall leaf area), the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Transformed plants not exhibiting substantial physiological and/or morphological effects, or exhibiting higher biomass than wild-type plants, are identified as abiotic stress tolerant plants.

Osmotic tolerance test—Osmotic stress assays (including sodium chloride and mannitol assays) are conducted to determine if an osmotic stress phenotype was sodium chloride-specific or if it was a general osmotic stress related phenotype. Plants which are tolerant to osmotic stress may have more tolerance to drought and/or freezing. For salt and osmotic stress germination experiments, the medium is supplemented for example with 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl or 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl, 400 mM mannitol.

Drought tolerance assay/Osmoticum assay—Tolerance to drought is performed to identify the genes conferring better plant survival after acute water deprivation. To analyze whether the transgenic plants are more tolerant to drought, an osmotic stress produced by the non-ionic osmolyte sorbitol in the medium can be performed. Control and transgenic plants are germinated and grown in plant-agar plates for 4 days, after which they are transferred to plates containing 500 mM sorbitol. The treatment causes growth retardation, then both control and transgenic plants are compared, by measuring plant weight (wet and dry), yield, and by growth rates measured as time to flowering.

Conversely, soil-based drought screens are performed with plants overexpressing the polynucleotides detailed above. Seeds from control Arabidopsis plants, or other transgenic plants overexpressing the polypeptide of the invention are germinated and transferred to pots. Drought stress is obtained after irrigation is ceased accompanied by placing the pots on absorbent paper to enhance the soil-drying rate. Transgenic and control plants are compared to each other when the majority of the control plants develop severe wilting. Plants are re-watered after obtaining a significant fraction of the control plants displaying a severe wilting. Plants are ranked comparing to controls for each of two criteria: tolerance to the drought conditions and recovery (survival) following re-watering. Additional drought assays are described in the Examples section which follows (e.g., Examples 29 and 30 below).

Cold stress tolerance—To analyze cold stress, mature (25 day old) plants are transferred to 4° C. chambers for 1 or 2 weeks, with constitutive light. Later on plants are moved back to greenhouse. Two weeks later damages from chilling period, resulting in growth retardation and other phenotypes, are compared between both control and transgenic plants, by measuring plant weight (wet and dry), and by comparing growth rates measured as time to flowering, plant size, yield, and the like.

Heat stress tolerance—Heat stress tolerance is achieved by exposing the plants to temperatures above 34° C. for a certain period. Plant tolerance is examined after transferring the plants back to 22° C. for recovery and evaluation after 5 days relative to internal controls (non-transgenic plants) or plants not exposed to neither cold or heat stress.

Water use efficiency—can be determined as the biomass produced per unit transpiration. To analyze WUE, leaf relative water content can be measured in control and transgenic plants. Fresh weight (FW) is immediately recorded; then leaves are soaked for 8 hours in distilled water at room temperature in the dark, and the turgid weight (TW) is recorded. Total dry weight (DW) is recorded after drying the leaves at 60° C. to a constant weight. Relative water content (RWC) is calculated according to the following Formula I: RWC=[(FW−DW)/(TW−DW)]×100  Formula I

Fertilizer use efficiency—To analyze whether the transgenic plants are more responsive to fertilizers, plants are grown in agar plates or pots with a limited amount of fertilizer, as described, for example, in Yanagisawa et al (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004; 101:7833-8). The plants are analyzed for their overall size, time to flowering, yield, protein content of shoot and/or grain. The parameters checked are the overall size of the mature plant, its wet and dry weight, the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Other parameters that may be tested are: the chlorophyll content of leaves (as nitrogen plant status and the degree of leaf verdure is highly correlated), amino acid and the total protein content of the seeds or other plant parts such as leaves or shoots, oil content, etc. Similarly, instead of providing nitrogen at limiting amounts, phosphate or potassium can be added at increasing concentrations. Again, the same parameters measured are the same as listed above. In this way, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), phosphate use efficiency (PUE) and potassium use efficiency (KUE) are assessed, checking the ability of the transgenic plants to thrive under nutrient restraining conditions.

Nitrogen use efficiency—To analyze whether the transgenic plants (e.g., Arabidopsis plants) are more responsive to nitrogen, plant are grown in 0.75-3 mM (nitrogen deficient conditions) or 6-10 mM (optimal nitrogen concentration). Plants are allowed to grow for additional 25 days or until seed production. The plants are then analyzed for their overall size, time to flowering, yield, protein content of shoot and/or grain/seed production. The parameters checked can be the overall size of the plant, wet and dry weight, the weight of the seeds yielded, the average seed size and the number of seeds produced per plant. Other parameters that may be tested are: the chlorophyll content of leaves (as nitrogen plant status and the degree of leaf greenness is highly correlated), amino acid and the total protein content of the seeds or other plant parts such as leaves or shoots and oil content. Transformed plants not exhibiting substantial physiological and/or morphological effects, or exhibiting higher measured parameters levels than wild-type plants, are identified as nitrogen use efficient plants.

Nitrogen limiting conditions and Nitrogen Use efficiency assay using plantlets—The assay is done according to Yanagisawa-S. et al. with minor modifications (“Metabolic engineering with Dof1 transcription factor in plants: Improved nitrogen assimilation and growth under low-nitrogen conditions” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 7833-7838). Briefly, transgenic plants which are grown for 7-10 days in 0.5×MS [Murashige-Skoog] supplemented with a selection agent are transferred to two nitrogen-limiting conditions: MS media in which the combined nitrogen concentration (NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃) was 0.75 mM (nitrogen deficient conditions) or 6-15 mM (optimal nitrogen concentration). Plants are allowed to grow for additional 30-40 days and then photographed, individually removed from the Agar (the shoot without the roots) and immediately weighed (fresh weight) for later statistical analysis. Constructs for which only T1 seeds are available are sown on selective media and at least 20 seedlings (each one representing an independent transformation event) are carefully transferred to the nitrogen-limiting media. For constructs for which T2 seeds are available, different transformation events are analyzed. Usually, 20 randomly selected plants from each event are transferred to the nitrogen-limiting media allowed to grow for 3-4 additional weeks and individually weighed at the end of that period. Transgenic plants are compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions. Mock-transgenic plants expressing the uidA reporter gene (GUS) under the same promoter or transgenic plants carrying the same promoter but lacking a reporter gene are used as control. Additional assays for measuring tolerance to nitrogen limiting (deficient) conditions are described in Examples 29-32 in the Examples section which follows).

Nitrogen determination—The procedure for N (nitrogen) concentration determination in the structural parts of the plants involves the potassium persulfate digestion method to convert organic N to NO₃ ⁻ (Purcell and King 1996 Argon. J. 88:111-113, the modified Cd⁻ mediated reduction of NO₃ ⁻ to NO₂ ⁻ (Vodovotz 1996 Biotechniques 20:390-394) and the measurement of nitrite by the Griess assay (Vodovotz 1996, supra). The absorbance values are measured at 550 nm against a standard curve of NaNO₂. The procedure is described in details in Samonte et al. 2006 Agron. J. 98:168-176.

Germination tests—Germination tests compare the percentage of seeds from transgenic plants that could complete the germination process to the percentage of seeds from control plants that are treated in the same manner. Normal conditions are considered for example, incubations at 22° C. under 22-hour light 2-hour dark daily cycles. Evaluation of germination and seedling vigor is conducted between 4 and 14 days after planting. The basal media is 50% MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962 Plant Physiology 15, 473-497).

Germination is checked also at unfavorable conditions such as cold (incubating at temperatures lower than 10° C. instead of 22° C.) or using seed inhibition solutions that contain high concentrations of an osmolyte such as sorbitol (at concentrations of 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 300 mM, 500 mM, and up to 1000 mM) or applying increasing concentrations of salt (of 50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 300 mM, 500 mM NaCl).

The effect of the transgene on plant's vigor, growth rate, biomass, yield and/or oil content can be determined using known methods.

Plant vigor—The plant vigor can be calculated by the increase in growth parameters such as leaf area, fiber length, rosette diameter, plant fresh weight and the like per time.

Growth rate—The growth rate can be measured using digital analysis of growing plants. For example, images of plants growing in greenhouse on plot basis can be captured every 3 days and the rosette area can be calculated by digital analysis. Rosette area growth is calculated using the difference of rosette area between days of sampling divided by the difference in days between samples.

It should be noted that an increase in rosette parameters such as rosette area, rosette diameter and/or rosette growth rate in a plant model such as Arabidopsis predicts an increase in canopy coverage and/or plot coverage in a target plant such as Brassica sp., soy, corn, wheat, Barley, oat, cotton, rice, tomato, sugar beet, and vegetables such as lettuce.

Evaluation of growth rate can be done by measuring plant biomass produced, rosette area, leaf size or root length per time (can be measured in cm² per day of leaf area).

Relative growth area can be calculated using Formula II. Relative growth rate area=Regression coefficient of area along time course  Formula II:

Thus, the relative growth area rate is in units of area units (e.g., mm²/day or cm²/day) and the relative length growth rate is in units of length units (e.g., cm/day or mm/day).

For example, RGR can be determined for plant height (Formula III), SPAD (Formula IV), Number of tillers (Formula V), root length (Formula VI), vegetative growth (Formula VII), leaf number (Formula VIII), rosette area (Formula IX), rosette diameter (Formula X), plot coverage (Formula XI), leaf blade area (Formula XII), and leaf area (Formula XIII) Relative growth rate of Plant height=Regression coefficient of Plant height along time course (measured in cm/day).  Formula III: Relative growth rate of SPAD=Regression coefficient of SPAD measurements along time course.  Formula IV: Relative growth rate of Number of tillers=Regression coefficient of Number of tillers along time course (measured in units of “number of tillers/day”).  Formula V: Relative growth rate of root length=Regression coefficient of root length along time course (measured in cm per day).  Formula VI:

Vegetative growth rate analysis—was calculated according to Formula VII below. Relative growth rate of vegetative growth=Regression coefficient of vegetative dry weight along time course (measured in grams per day).  Formula VII: Relative growth rate of leaf number=Regression coefficient of leaf number along time course (measured in number per day).  Formula VIII: Relative growth rate of rosette area=Regression coefficient of rosette area along time course (measured in cm² per day).  Formula IX: Relative growth rate of rosette diameter=Regression coefficient of rosette diameter along time course (measured in cm per day).  Formula X: Relative growth rate of plot coverage=Regression coefficient of plot (measured in cm² per day).  Formula XI: Relative growth rate of leaf blade area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course (measured in cm² per day).  Formula XII: Relative growth rate of leaf area=Regression coefficient of leaf area along time course (measured in cm² per day).  Formula XIII: 1000 Seed Weight=number of seed in sample/sample weight×1000  Formula XIV:

The Harvest Index can be calculated using Formulas XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII and LXV below. Harvest Index (seed)=Average seed yield per plant/Average dry weight.  Formula XV: Harvest Index (Sorghum)=Average grain dry weight per Head/(Average vegetative dry weight per Head+Average Head dry weight)  Formula XVI: Harvest Index (Maize)=Average grain weight per plant/(Average vegetative dry weight per plant plus Average grain weight per plant)  Formula XVII:

Harvest Index (for barley)—The harvest index is calculated using Formula XVIII. Harvest Index (for barley and wheat)=Average spike dry weight per plant/(Average vegetative dry weight per plant+Average spike dry weight per plant)  Formula XVIII:

Following is a non-limited list of additional parameters which can be detected in order to show the effect of the transgene on the desired plant's traits: Grain circularity=4×3.14 (grain area/perimeter²)  Formula XIX: Internode volume=3.14×(d/2)²×1  Formula XX: Total dry matter (kg)=Normalized head weight per plant+vegetative dry weight.  Formula XXI: Root/Shoot Ratio=total weight of the root at harvest/total weight of the vegetative portion above ground at harvest. (=RBiH/BiH)  Formula XXII: Ratio of the number of pods per node on main stem at pod set=Total number of pods on main stem/Total number of nodes on main stem.  Formula XXIII: Ratio of total number of seeds in main stem to number of seeds on lateral branches=Total number of seeds on main stem at pod set/Total number of seeds on lateral branches at pod set.  Formula XXIV: Petiole Relative Area=(Petiole area)/Rosette area (measured in %).  Formula XXV: percentage of reproductive tiller=Number of Reproductive tillers/number of tillers)×100.  Formula XXVI: Spikes Index=Average Spikes weight per plant/(Average vegetative dry weight per plant plus Average Spikes weight per plant).  Formula XXVII: Relative growth rate of root coverage=Regression coefficient of root coverage along time course.  Formula XXVIII: Seed Oil yield=Seed yield per plant (gr.)*Oil % in seed.  Formula XXIX: shoot/root Ratio=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground at harvest/total weight of the root at harvest.  Formula XXX: Spikelets Index=Average Spikelets weight per plant/(Average vegetative dry weight per plant plus Average Spikelets weight per plant).  Formula XXXI: % Canopy coverage=(1−(PAR_DOWN/PAR_UP))×100 measured using AccuPAR Ceptometer Model LP-80.  Formula XXXII: leaf mass fraction=Leaf area/shoot FW.  Formula XXXIII: Relative growth rate based on dry weight=Regression coefficient of dry weight along time course.  Formula XXXIV: Dry matter partitioning (ratio)—At the end of the growing period 6 plants heads as well as the rest of the plot heads were collected, threshed and grains were weighted to obtain grains yield per plot. Dry matter partitioning was calculated by dividing grains yield per plot to vegetative dry weight per plot.  Formula XXXV: 1000 grain weight filling rate (gr/day)—The rate of grain filling was calculated by dividing 1000 grain weight by grain fill duration.  Formula XXXVI: Specific leaf area (cm²/gr)—Leaves were scanned to obtain leaf area per plant, and then were dried in an oven to obtain the leaves dry weight. Specific leaf area was calculated by dividing the leaf area by leaf dry weight.  Formula XXXVII: Vegetative dry weight per plant at flowering/water until flowering (gr/lit)—Calculated by dividing vegetative dry weight (excluding roots and reproductive organs) per plant at flowering by the water used for irrigation up to flowering  Formula XXXVIII: Yield filling rate (gr/day)—The rate of grain filling was calculated by dividing grains Yield by grain fill duration.  Formula XXXIX: Yield per dunam/water until tan (kg/lit)—Calculated by dividing Grains yield per dunam by water used for irrigation until tan.  Formula XXXX: Yield per plant/water until tan (gr/lit)—Calculated by dividing Grains yield per plant by water used for irrigation until tan  Formula XXXXI: Yield per dunam/water until maturity (gr/lit)—Calculated by dividing grains yield per dunam by the water used for irrigation up to maturity. “Lit”=Liter.  Formula XXXXII: Vegetative dry weight per plant/water until maturity (gr/lit): Calculated by dividing vegetative dry weight per plant (excluding roots and reproductive organs) at harvest by the water used for irrigation up to maturity.  Formula XXXXIII: Total dry matter per plant/water until maturity (gr/lit): Calculated by dividing total dry matter at harvest (vegetative and reproductive, excluding roots) per plant by the water used for irrigation up to maturity.  Formula XXXXIV: Total dry matter per plant/water until flowering (gr/lit): Calculated by dividing total dry matter at flowering (vegetative and reproductive, excluding roots) per plant by the water used for irrigation up to flowering.  Formula XXXXV: Heads index (ratio): Average heads weight/(Average vegetative dry weight per plant plus Average heads weight per plant).  Formula XXXXVI: Yield/SPAD (kg/SPAD units)—Calculated by dividing grains yield by average SPAD measurements per plot.  Formula XXXXVH: Stem water content (percentage)—stems were collected and fresh weight (FW) was weighted. Then the stems were oven dry and dry weight (DW) was recorded. Stems dry weight was divided by stems fresh weight, subtracted from 1 and multiplied by 100.  Formula XXXXVIII: Leaf water content (percentage)—Leaves were collected and fresh weight (FW) was weighted. Then the leaves were oven dry and dry weight (DW) was recorded. Leaves dry weight was divided by leaves fresh weight, subtracted from 1 and multiplied by 100.  Formula XXXXIX: stem volume (cm³)—The average stem volume was calculated by multiplying the average stem length by (3.14*((mean lower and upper stem width)/2){circumflex over ( )}2).  Formula L: NUE—is the ratio between total grain yield per total nitrogen (applied+content) in soil.  Formula LI: NUpE—Is the ratio between total plant N content per total N (applied+content) in soil.  Formula LII: Total NUtE—Is the ratio between total dry matter per N content of total dry matter.  Formula LIII: Stem density—is the ratio between internode dry weight and internode volume.  Formula LIV: Grain NUtE—Is the ratio between grain yield per N content of total dry matter  Formula LV: N harvest index (Ratio)—Is the ratio between nitrogen content in grain per plant and the nitrogen of whole plant at harvest.  Formula LVI: Biomass production efficiency—is the ratio between plant biomass and total shoot N.  Formula LVH: Harvest index (plot) (ratio)—Average seed yield per plot/Average dry weight per plot.  Formula LVIII: Relative growth rate of petiole relative area—Regression coefficient of petiole relative area along time course (measured in cm² per day).  Formula LIX: Yield per spike filling rate (gr/day)—spike filling rate was calculated by dividing grains yield per spike to grain fill duration.  Formula LX: Yield per micro plots filling rate (gr/day)—micro plots filling rate was calculated by dividing grains yield per micro plots to grain fill duration.  Formula LXI: Grains yield per hectare [ton/ha]—all spikes per plot were harvested threshed and grains were weighted after sun dry. The resulting value was divided by the number of square meters and multiplied by 10,000 (10,000 square meters=1 hectare).  Formula LXII: Total dry matter (for Maize)=Normalized ear weight per plant+vegetative dry weight.  Formula LXIII:

Formula LXIV::

${{Agronomical}\mspace{14mu} N\; U\; E} = \frac{\begin{matrix} {{{Yield}\mspace{14mu}{per}\mspace{14mu}{plant}\mspace{14mu}\left( {{Kg}.} \right)^{X\mspace{11mu}{Nitrogen}\mspace{11mu}{Fertilization}}} -} \\ {{Yield}\mspace{14mu}{per}\mspace{14mu}{plant}\mspace{14mu}\left( {{Kg}.} \right)^{0\%\mspace{11mu}{Nitrogen}\mspace{11mu}{Fertilization}}} \end{matrix}}{{Fertilizer}^{X}}$ Harvest Index (brachypodium)=Average grain weight/average dry (vegetative+spikelet) weight per plant.  Formula LXV: Harvest Index for Sorghum* (* when the plants were not dried)=FW (fresh weight) Heads/(FW Heads+FW Plants)  Formula LXVI:

Grain protein concentration—Grain protein content (g grain protein m⁻²) is estimated as the product of the mass of grain N (g grain N m⁻²) multiplied by the N/protein conversion ratio of k-5.13 (Mosse 1990, supra). The grain protein concentration is estimated as the ratio of grain protein content per unit mass of the grain (g grain protein kg⁻¹ grain).

Fiber length—Fiber length can be measured using fibrograph. The fibrograph system was used to compute length in terms of “Upper Half Mean” length. The upper half mean (UHM) is the average length of longer half of the fiber distribution. The fibrograph measures length in span lengths at a given percentage point (cottoninc (dot) com/ClassificationofCotton/?Pg=4#Length).

According to some embodiments of the invention, increased yield of corn may be manifested as one or more of the following: increase in the number of plants per growing area, increase in the number of ears per plant, increase in the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear row, kernel weight, thousand kernel weight (1000-weight), ear length/diameter, increase oil content per kernel and increase starch content per kernel.

As mentioned, the increase of plant yield can be determined by various parameters. For example, increased yield of rice may be manifested by an increase in one or more of the following: number of plants per growing area, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of flowers per panicle, increase in the seed filling rate, increase in thousand kernel weight (1000-weight), increase oil content per seed, increase starch content per seed, among others. An increase in yield may also result in modified architecture, or may occur because of modified architecture.

Similarly, increased yield of soybean may be manifested by an increase in one or more of the following: number of plants per growing area, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, increase in the seed filling rate, increase in thousand seed weight (1000-weight), reduce pod shattering, increase oil content per seed, increase protein content per seed, among others. An increase in yield may also result in modified architecture, or may occur because of modified architecture.

Increased yield of canola may be manifested by an increase in one or more of the following: number of plants per growing area, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, increase in the seed filling rate, increase in thousand seed weight (1000-weight), reduce pod shattering, increase oil content per seed, among others. An increase in yield may also result in modified architecture, or may occur because of modified architecture.

Increased yield of cotton may be manifested by an increase in one or more of the following: number of plants per growing area, number of bolls per plant, number of seeds per boll, increase in the seed filling rate, increase in thousand seed weight (1000-weight), increase oil content per seed, improve fiber length, fiber strength, among others. An increase in yield may also result in modified architecture, or may occur because of modified architecture.

Oil content—The oil content of a plant can be determined by extraction of the oil from the seed or the vegetative portion of the plant. Briefly, lipids (oil) can be removed from the plant (e.g., seed) by grinding the plant tissue in the presence of specific solvents (e.g., hexane or petroleum ether) and extracting the oil in a continuous extractor. Indirect oil content analysis can be carried out using various known methods such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, which measures the resonance energy absorbed by hydrogen atoms in the liquid state of the sample [See for example, Conway TF. and Earle FR., 1963, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society; Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, ISSN: 0003-021X (Print) 1558-9331 (Online)]; the Near Infrared (NI) Spectroscopy, which utilizes the absorption of near infrared energy (1100-2500 nm) by the sample; and a method described in WO/2001/023884, which is based on extracting oil a solvent, evaporating the solvent in a gas stream which forms oil particles, and directing a light into the gas stream and oil particles which forms a detectable reflected light.

Thus, the present invention is of high agricultural value for promoting the yield of commercially desired crops (e.g., biomass of vegetative organ such as poplar wood, or reproductive organ such as number of seeds or seed biomass).

Any of the transgenic plants described hereinabove or parts thereof may be processed to produce a feed, meal, protein or oil preparation, such as for ruminant animals.

The transgenic plants described hereinabove, which exhibit an increased oil content can be used to produce plant oil (by extracting the oil from the plant).

The plant oil (including the seed oil and/or the vegetative portion oil) produced according to the method of the invention may be combined with a variety of other ingredients. The specific ingredients included in a product are determined according to the intended use. Exemplary products include animal feed, raw material for chemical modification, biodegradable plastic, blended food product, edible oil, biofuel, cooking oil, lubricant, biodiesel, snack food, cosmetics, and fermentation process raw material. Exemplary products to be incorporated to the plant oil include animal feeds, human food products such as extruded snack foods, breads, as a food binding agent, aquaculture feeds, fermentable mixtures, food supplements, sport drinks, nutritional food bars, multi-vitamin supplements, diet drinks, and cereal foods. According to some embodiments of the invention, the oil comprises a seed oil.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the oil comprises a vegetative portion oil (oil of the vegetative portion of the plant).

According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant cell forms a part of a plant.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a food or feed comprising the plants or a portion thereof of the present invention.

As used herein the term “about” refers to ±10%.

The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “having” and their conjugates mean “including but not limited to”.

The term “consisting of” means “including and limited to”.

The term “consisting essentially of” means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases “ranging/ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging/ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.

As used herein the term “method” refers to manners, means, techniques and procedures for accomplishing a given task including, but not limited to, those manners, means, techniques and procedures either known to, or readily developed from known manners, means, techniques and procedures by practitioners of the chemical, pharmacological, biological, biochemical and medical arts.

When reference is made to particular sequence listings, such reference is to be understood to also encompass sequences that substantially correspond to its complementary sequence as including minor sequence variations, resulting from, e.g., sequencing errors, cloning errors, or other alterations resulting in base substitution, base deletion or base addition, provided that the frequency of such variations is less than 1 in 50 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 100 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 200 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 500 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 1000 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 5,000 nucleotides, alternatively, less than 1 in 10,000 nucleotides.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

Various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below find experimental support in the following examples.

EXAMPLES

Reference is now made to the following examples, which together with the above descriptions illustrate some embodiments of the invention in a non limiting fashion.

Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures utilized in the present invention include molecular, biochemical, microbiological and recombinant DNA techniques. Such techniques are thoroughly explained in the literature. See, for example, “Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual” Sambrook et al., (1989); “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology” Volumes I-III Ausubel, R. M., ed. (1994); Ausubel et al., “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology”, John Wiley and Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1989); Perbal, “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning”, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1988); Watson et al., “Recombinant DNA”, Scientific American Books, New York; Birren et al. (eds) “Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Series”, Vols. 1-4, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York (1998); methodologies as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,666,828; 4,683,202; 4,801,531; 5,192,659 and 5,272,057; “Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook”, Volumes I-III Cellis, J. E., ed. (1994); “Current Protocols in Immunology” Volumes I-III Coligan J. E., ed. (1994); Stites et al. (eds), “Basic and Clinical Immunology” (8th Edition), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn. (1994); Mishell and Shiigi (eds), “Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology”, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York (1980); available immunoassays are extensively described in the patent and scientific literature, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,791,932; 3,839,153; 3,850,752; 3,850,578; 3,853,987; 3,867,517; 3,879,262; 3,901,654; 3,935,074; 3,984,533; 3,996,345; 4,034,074; 4,098,876; 4,879,219; 5,011,771 and 5,281,521; “Oligonucleotide Synthesis” Gait, M. J., ed. (1984); “Nucleic Acid Hybridization” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., eds. (1985); “Transcription and Translation” Hames, B. D., and Higgins S. J., Eds. (1984); “Animal Cell Culture” Freshney, R. I., ed. (1986); “Immobilized Cells and Enzymes” IRL Press, (1986); “A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning” Perbal, B., (1984) and “Methods in Enzymology” Vol. 1-317, Academic Press; “PCR Protocols: A Guide To Methods And Applications”, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990); Marshak et al., “Strategies for Protein Purification and Characterization—A Laboratory Course Manual” CSHL Press (1996); all of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Other general references are provided throughout this document. The procedures therein are believed to be well known in the art and are provided for the convenience of the reader. All the information contained therein is incorporated herein by reference.

General Experimental and Bioinformatics Methods

RNA extraction—Tissues growing at various growth conditions (as described below) were sampled and RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent from Invitrogen [invitrogen (dot) com/content (dot)cfm?pageid=469]. Approximately 30-50 mg of tissue was taken from samples. The weighed tissues were ground using pestle and mortar in liquid nitrogen and resuspended in 500 μl of TRIzol Reagent. To the homogenized lysate, 100 μl of chloroform was added followed by precipitation using isopropanol and two washes with 75% ethanol. The RNA was eluted in 30 μl of RNase-free water. RNA samples were cleaned up using Qiagen's RNeasy minikit clean-up protocol as per the manufacturer's protocol (QIAGEN Inc, CA USA). For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received an expression Set ID.

Correlation analysis—was performed for selected genes according to some embodiments of the invention, in which the characterized parameters (measured parameters according to the correlation IDs) were used as “X axis” for correlation with the tissue transcriptome, which was used as the “Y axis”. For each gene and measured parameter a correlation coefficient “R” was calculated (using Pearson correlation) along with a p-value for the significance of the correlation. When the correlation coefficient (R) between the levels of a gene's expression in a certain tissue and a phenotypic performance across ecotypes/variety/hybrid is high in absolute value (between 0.5-1), there is an association between the gene (specifically the expression level of this gene) and the phenotypic characteristic (e.g., improved yield, growth rate, nitrogen use efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and the like).

Example 1 Identifying Genes which Improve Yield and Agronomical Important Traits in Plants

The present inventors have identified polynucleotides which expression thereof in plants can increase yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, growth rate, vigor, biomass, growth rate, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance (ABST), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) of a plant, as follows.

All nucleotide sequence datasets used here were originated from publicly available databases or from performing sequencing using the Solexa technology (e.g. Barley and Sorghum). Sequence data from 100 different plant species was introduced into a single, comprehensive database. Other information on gene expression, protein annotation, enzymes and pathways were also incorporated.

Major databases used include:

Genomes

Arabidopsis genome [TAIR genome version 6 (arabidopsis (dot) org/)];

Rice genome [IRGSP build 4.0 (rgp (dot) dna (dot) affrc (dot) go (dot) jp/IRGSP/)];

Poplar [Populus trichocarpa release 1.1 from JGI (assembly release v1.0) (genome (dot) jgi-psf (dot) org/)];

Brachypodium [JGI 4× assembly, brachpodium (dot) org)];

Soybean [DOE-JGI SCP, version Glyma0 (phytozome (dot) net/)];

Grape [French-Italian Public Consortium for Grapevine Genome Characterization grapevine genome (genoscope (dot) cns (dot) fr/)];

Castobean [TIGR/J Craig Venter Institute 4× assembly [msc (dot) jcvi (dot) org/r communis];

Sorghum [DOE-JGI SCP, version Sbil [phytozome (dot) net/)];

Partially assembled genome of Maize [maizesequence (dot) org/];

Expressed EST and mRNA Sequences were Extracted from the Following Databases:

GenBank ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/dbEST;

RefSeq (ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/RefSeq/);

TAIR (arabidopsis (dot) org/);

Protein and Pathway Databases

Uniprot [uniprot (dot) org/];

AraCyc [arabidopsis (dot) org/biocyc/index (dot) jsp];

ENZYME [expasy (dot) org/enzyme/];

Microarray Datasets were Downloaded from:

GEO (ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/geo/);

TAIR (Arabidopsis (dot) org/);

Proprietary microarray data (WO2008/122980);

QTL and SNPs Information

Gramene [gramene (dot) org/qtl/];

Panzea [panzea (dot) org/index (dot) html];

Database Assembly—was performed to build a wide, rich, reliable annotated and easy to analyze database comprised of publicly available genomic mRNA, ESTs DNA sequences, data from various crops as well as gene expression, protein annotation and pathway data QTLs, and other relevant information.

Database assembly is comprised of a toolbox of gene refining, structuring, annotation and analysis tools enabling to construct a tailored database for each gene discovery project. Gene refining and structuring tools enable to reliably detect splice variants and antisense transcripts, generating understanding of various potential phenotypic outcomes of a single gene. The capabilities of the “LEADS” platform of Compugen LTD for analyzing human genome have been confirmed and accepted by the scientific community [see e.g., “Widespread Antisense Transcription”, Yelin, et al. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 21, 379-85; “Splicing of Alu Sequences”, Lev-Maor, et al. (2003) Science 300 (5623), 1288-91; “Computational analysis of alternative splicing using EST tissue information”, Xie H et al. Genomics 2002], and have been proven most efficient in plant genomics as well.

EST clustering and gene assembly—For gene clustering and assembly of organisms with available genome sequence data (arabidopsis, rice, castorbean, grape, brachypodium, poplar, soybean, sorghum) the genomic LEADS version (GANG) was employed. This tool allows most accurate clustering of ESTs and mRNA sequences on genome, and predicts gene structure as well as alternative splicing events and anti-sense transcription.

For organisms with no available full genome sequence data, “expressed LEADS” clustering software was applied.

Gene annotation—Predicted genes and proteins were annotated as follows: BLAST® search [BLAST® (dot) ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/BLAST® (dot) cgi] against all plant UniProt [uniprot (dot) org/] sequences was performed. Open reading frames of each putative transcript were analyzed and longest ORF with higher number of homologues was selected as predicted protein of the transcript. The predicted proteins were analyzed by InterPro [ebi (dot) ac (dot) uk/interproa

BLAST® against proteins from AraCyc and ENZYME databases was used to map the predicted transcripts to AraCyc pathways.

Predicted proteins from different species were compared using BLAST® algorithm [ncbi (dot) nlm (dot) nih (dot) gov/BLAST® (dot) cgi] to validate the accuracy of the predicted protein sequence, and for efficient detection of orthologs.

Gene expression profiling—Several data sources were exploited for gene expression profiling, namely microarray data and digital expression profile (see below).

According to gene expression profile, a correlation analysis was performed to identify genes which are co-regulated under different development stages and environmental conditions and associated with different phenotypes.

Publicly available microarray datasets were downloaded from TAIR and NCBI GEO sites, renormalized, and integrated into the database. Expression profiling is one of the most important resource data for identifying genes important for yield.

A digital expression profile summary was compiled for each cluster according to all keywords included in the sequence records comprising the cluster. Digital expression, also known as electronic Northern Blot, is a tool that displays virtual expression profile based on the EST sequences forming the gene cluster. The tool provides the expression profile of a cluster in terms of plant anatomy (e.g., the tissue/organ in which the gene is expressed), developmental stage (the developmental stages at which a gene can be found) and profile of treatment (provides the physiological conditions under which a gene is expressed such as drought, cold, pathogen infection, etc.). Given a random distribution of ESTs in the different clusters, the digital expression provides a probability value that describes the probability of a cluster having a total of N ESTs to contain X ESTs from a certain collection of libraries. For the probability calculations, the following is taken into consideration: a) the number of ESTs in the cluster, b) the number of ESTs of the implicated and related libraries, c) the overall number of ESTs available representing the species. Thereby clusters with low probability values are highly enriched with ESTs from the group of libraries of interest indicating a specialized expression.

Recently, the accuracy of this system was demonstrated by Portnoy et al., 2009 (Analysis Of The Melon Fruit Transcriptome Based On 454 Pyrosequencing) in: Plant & Animal Genomes XVII Conference, San Diego, Calif. Transcriptomeic analysis, based on relative EST abundance in data was performed by 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of the melon fruit. Fourteen double strand cDNA samples obtained from two genotypes, two fruit tissues (flesh and rind) and four developmental stages were sequenced. GS FLX pyrosequencing (Roche/454 Life Sciences) of non-normalized and purified cDNA samples yielded 1,150,657 expressed sequence tags, that assembled into 67,477 unigenes (32,357 singletons and 35,120 contigs). Analysis of the data obtained against the Cucurbit Genomics Database [icugi (dot) org/] confirmed the accuracy of the sequencing and assembly. Expression patterns of selected genes fitted well their qRT-PCR data.

The genes listed in Table 1 below were identified to have a major impact on plant yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, growth rate, photosynthetic capacity, vigor, biomass, growth rate, oil content, abiotic stress tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and/or fertilizer use efficiency when expression thereof is increased in plants. The identified genes, their curated polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences, their updated sequences according to Genbank database and the sequences of the cloned genes and proteins are summarized in Table 1, hereinbelow.

TABLE I Identified genes for increasing yield, seed yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, growth rate, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, photosynthetic capacity, abiotic stress tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency of a plant Provided are the identified genes, their annotation, organism and polynucleotide and polypeptide sequence identifiers. Gene Polyn. SEQ Polyp. SEQ Name Cluster Name Organism ID NO: ID NO: LBY16 arabidopsis|13v2|AT1G22970 arabidopsis 1 552 LBY17 arabidopsis|13v2|AT2G33210 arabidopsis 2 553 LBY18 barley|12v1|AJ461405 barley 3 554 LBY19 barley|12v1|AJ480517 barley 4 555 LBY20 barley|12v1|AV833663 barley 5 556 LBY21 barley|12v1|BE602565 barley 6 557 LBY22 barley|12v1|BE603141 barley 7 558 LBY23 barley|12v1|BF260749 barley 8 559 LBY24 barley|12v1|BF623324 barley 9 560 LBY25 barley|12v1|BF628509 barley 10 561 LBY26 barley|12v1|BG309426 barley 11 562 LBY27 barley|12v1|BG414966 barley 12 563 LBY28 barley|12v1|BI947919 barley 13 564 LBY29 barley|12v1|BI950637 barley 14 565 LBY30 barley|12v1|BI957144 barley 15 566 LBY31 barley|12v1|BM370880 barley 16 567 LBY32 barley|12v1|BU981749 barley 17 568 LBY33 bean|13v1|CA912900 bean 18 569 LBY34 bean|13v1|HO799852 bean 19 570 LBY35 bean|13v1|SRR001335X308983 bean 20 571 LBY36 bean|13v1|SRR001335X369026 bean 21 572 LBY37 brachypodium|13v2|BRADI1G10360 brachypodium 22 573 LBY39 chlamydomonas|13v1|AF016902 chlamydomonas 23 574 LBY40 chlamydomonas|13v1|AV389131 chlamydomonas 24 575 LBY41 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE024238 chlamydomonas 25 576 LBY42 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE056699 chlamydomonas 26 577 LBY43 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE238232 chlamydomonas 27 578 LBY44 chlamydomonas|13v1|BG859395 chlamydomonas 28 579 LBY45 cotton|11v1|AI728213 cotton 29 580 LBY46 cotton|11v1|AW187962 cotton 30 581 LBY47 cotton|11v1|BE054714 cotton 31 582 LBY48 cotton|11v1|CA992719 cotton 32 583 LBY49 cotton|11v1|CD485858 cotton 33 584 LBY50 cotton|11v1|CO094458 cotton 34 585 LBY51 cotton|11v1|CO097155XX2 cotton 35 586 LBY52 cotton|11v1|DT048759XX2 cotton 36 587 LBY53 cotton|11v1|DT551860 cotton 37 588 LBY54 cotton|11v1|DT569254 cotton 38 589 LBY55 foxtail_millet|13v2|EC612531 foxtail_millet 39 590 LBY56 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI011949M foxtail_millet 40 591 LBY57 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI024118M foxtail_millet 41 592 LBY58 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI031876M foxtail_millet 42 593 LBY59 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI032418M foxtail_millet 43 594 LBY61 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X103005 foxtail_millet 44 595 LBY62 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10518 foxtail_millet 45 596 LBY63 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X107681 foxtail_millet 46 597 LBY64 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10799 foxtail_millet 47 598 LBY65 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10909 foxtail_millet 48 599 LBY66 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X113858 foxtail_millet 49 600 LBY67 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X115271 foxtail_millet 50 601 LBY68 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X117047 foxtail_millet 51 602 LBY69 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X122695 foxtail_millet 52 603 LBY70 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X123794 foxtail_millet 53 604 LBY71 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X12932 foxtail_millet 54 605 LBY72 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X130312 foxtail_millet 55 606 LBY73 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X132820 foxtail_millet 56 607 LBY74 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X135074 foxtail_millet 57 608 LBY75 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X141269 foxtail_millet 58 609 LBY76 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X15437 foxtail_millet 59 610 LBY77 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X157828 foxtail_millet 60 611 LBY78 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X17296 foxtail_millet 61 612 LBY79 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X177567 foxtail_millet 62 613 LBY80 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X191757 foxtail_millet 63 614 LBY81 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X196210 foxtail_millet 64 615 LBY82 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X196859 foxtail_millet 65 616 LBY83 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X218671 foxtail_millet 66 617 LBY84 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X306788 foxtail_millet 67 618 LBY85 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X349819 foxtail_millet 68 619 LBY86 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X406093 foxtail_millet 69 620 LBY87 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X410798 foxtail_millet 70 621 LBY88 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X59197 foxtail_millet 71 622 LBY89 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X77704 foxtail_millet 72 623 LBY90 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X116153 foxtail_millet 73 624 LBY91 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X131202 foxtail_millet 74 625 LBY92 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X154401 foxtail_millet 75 626 LBY93 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|AI055109 gossypium_raimondii 76 627 LBY94 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|AW187415 gossypium_raimondii 77 628 LBY95 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|BG440368 gossypium_raimondii 78 629 LBY96 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|CA993797 gossypium_raimondii 79 630 LBY97 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|DW518098 gossypium_raimondii 80 631 LBY98 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01008767001 grape 81 632 LBY99 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01022545001 grape 82 633 LBY100 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01027185001 grape 83 634 LBY102 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01033774001 grape 84 635 LBY103 maize|13v2|AI391771 maize 85 636 LBY104 maize|13v2|AI391832 maize 86 637 LBY105 maize|13v2|AI629879 maize 87 638 LBY106 maize|13v2|AI629976 maize 88 639 LBY107 maize|13v2|AI649422 maize 89 640 LBY108 maize|13v2|AI665281 maize 90 641 LBY109 maize|13v2|AI714974 maize 91 642 LBY110 maize|13v2|AI783421 maize 92 643 LBY111 maize|13v2|AI857222 maize 93 644 LBY112 maize|13v2|AW066591 maize 94 645 LBY113 maize|13v2|BE511523 maize 95 646 LBY114 maize|13v2|BG320464 maize 96 647 LBY115 maize|13v2|BG836613 maize 97 648 LBY116 maize|13v2|BM416753 maize 98 649 LBY117 maize|13v2|BM895232 maize 99 650 LBY118 maize|13v2|CF648041 maize 100 651 LBY119 maize|13v2|DW918922 maize 101 652 LBY120 maize|13v2|W21655 maize 102 653 LBY121 maize|13v2|W21748 maize 103 654 LBY122 maize|13v2|W49461 maize 104 655 LBY123 maize|13v2|X81831 maize 105 656 LBY125 medicago|13v1|AW696074 medicago 106 657 LBY126 medicago|13v1|BG457785 medicago 107 658 LBY127 medicago|13v1|BQ147900 medicago 108 659 LBY128 peanut|13v1|EE125510 peanut 109 660 LBY129 peanut|13v1|ES722517 peanut 110 661 LBY131 physcomitrella|13v1|AW738860 physcomitrella 111 662 LBY132 pine|10v2|BM492830 pine 112 663 LBY133 plantago|11v2|SRR066373X397343 plantago 113 664 LBY134 poplar|13v1|AI164180 poplar 114 665 LBY135 potato|10v1|BE919981 potato 115 666 LBY136 potato|10v1|BF460221 potato 116 667 LBY137 potato|10v1|BG595100 potato 117 668 LBY138 rice|11v1|AU069467 rice 118 669 LBY139 rice|13v2|AA750185 rice 119 670 LBY140 rice|13v2|AA750741 rice 120 671 LBY141 rice|13v2|AU077650 rice 121 672 LBY142 rice|13v2|AU173280 rice 122 673 LBY143 rice|13v2|BI796376 rice 123 674 LBY144 rice|13v2|BQ907720 rice 124 675 LBY145 rice|13v2|C28519 rice 125 676 LBY146 rice|13v2|GFXAC018727X13 rice 126 677 LBY147 rice|13v2|GFXAC090120X15 rice 127 678 LBY148 sorghum|12v1|SB03G032710 sorghum 128 679 LBY149 sorghum|13v2|AI723863 sorghum 129 680 LBY150 sorghum|13v2|AI723986 sorghum 130 681 LBY151 sorghum|13v2|AI724085 sorghum 131 682 LBY152 sorghum|13v2|AI724262 sorghum 132 683 LBY153 sorghum|13v2|AW283496 sorghum 133 684 LBY154 sorghum|13v2|AW285663 sorghum 134 685 LBY155 sorghum|13v2|AW564408 sorghum 135 686 LBY156 sorghum|13v2|AW565627 sorghum 136 687 LBY157 sorghum|13v2|AW671774 sorghum 137 688 LBY158 sorghum|13v2|AW676719 sorghum 138 689 LBY159 sorghum|13v2|AW679798 sorghum 139 690 LBY160 sorghum|13v2|AW746324 sorghum 140 691 LBY161 sorghum|13v2|AW747557 sorghum 141 692 LBY162 sorghum|13v2|BE126058 sorghum 142 693 LBY163 sorghum|13v2|BE355844 sorghum 143 694 LBY164 sorghum|13v2|BE356001 sorghum 144 695 LBY165 sorghum|13v2|BE357267 sorghum 145 696 LBY166 sorghum|13v2|BE358756 sorghum 146 697 LBY167 sorghum|13v2|BE360790 sorghum 147 698 LBY168 sorghum|13v2|BE364917 sorghum 148 699 LBY170 sorghum|13v2|BE594760 sorghum 149 700 LBY171 sorghum|13v2|BE597213 sorghum 150 701 LBY173 sorghum|13v2|BF421040 sorghum 151 702 LBY174 sorghum|13v2|BF585682 sorghum 152 703 LBY175 sorghum|13v2|BF586554 sorghum 153 704 LBY176 sorghum|13v2|BG049624 sorghum 154 705 LBY177 sorghum|13v2|BG050660 sorghum 155 706 LBY178 sorghum|13v2|BG053630 sorghum 156 707 LBY179 sorghum|13v2|BG411492 sorghum 157 708 LBY180 sorghum|13v2|BG488154 sorghum 158 709 LBY181 sorghum|13v2|BM322245 sorghum 159 710 LBY182 sorghum|13v2|CD222102 sorghum 160 711 LBY183 sorghum|13v2|CD223986 sorghum 161 712 LBY184 sorghum|13v2|CD224850 sorghum 162 713 LBY185 sorghum|13v2|CD226020 sorghum 163 714 LBY186 sorghum|13v2|CD227545 sorghum 164 715 LBY187 sorghum|13v2|CD431650 sorghum 165 716 LBY188 sorghum|13v2|CF757269 sorghum 166 717 LBY189 sorghum|13v2|CF760555 sorghum 167 718 LBY190 sorghum|13v2|CF761959 sorghum 168 719 LBY191 sorghum|13v2|XM_002441241 sorghum 169 720 LBY192 sorghum|13v2|XM_002457915 sorghum 170 721 LBY193 soybean|13v2|GLYMAO5G343 soybean 171 722 LBY194 soybean|13v2|GLYMA15G306 soybean 172 723 LBY195 soybean|13v2|GLYMA19G40920T2 soybean 173 724 LBY196 spruce|11v1|ES252179 spruce 174 725 LBY197 sunflower|12v1|AJ829034 sunflower 175 726 LBY199 sunflower|12v1|BU021733 sunflower 176 727 LBY200 sunflower|12v1|CD847948 sunflower 177 728 LBY201 sunflower|12v1|CD852615 sunflower 178 729 LBY202 sunflower|12v1|CD853598 sunflower 179 730 LBY203 sunflower|12v1|CX948055 sunflower 180 731 LBY204 sunflower|12v1|DY904031 sunflower 181 732 LBY205 sunflower|12v1|DY904769 sunflower 182 733 LBY206 sunflower|12v1|DY914980 sunflower 183 734 LBY207 sunflower|12v1|DY918107 sunflower 184 735 LBY208 sunflower|12v1|DY928062 sunflower 185 736 LBY209 sunflower|12v1|EE609275 sunflower 186 737 LBY210 sunflower|12v1|EE613413 sunflower 187 738 LBY211 sunflower|12v1|EE625930 sunflower 188 739 LBY212 tomato|13v1|BG123297 tomato 189 740 LBY213 tomato|13v1|BG129885 tomato 190 741 LBY214 wheat|12v3|AL820463 wheat 191 742 LBY215 wheat|12v3|AL821230 wheat 192 743 LBY216 wheat|12v3|BE402170 wheat 193 744 LBY217 wheat|12v3|BE402302 wheat 194 745 LBY218 wheat|12v3|BE413931 wheat 195 746 LBY219 wheat|12v3|BE415435 wheat 196 747 LBY220 wheat|12v3|BE419175 wheat 197 748 LBY221 wheat|12v3|BE419414 wheat 198 749 LBY222 wheat|12v3|BE422621 wheat 199 750 LBY224 wheat|12v3|BE442666 wheat 200 751 LBY225 wheat|12v3|BE446154 wheat 201 752 LBY227 wheat|12v3|BE515516 wheat 202 753 LBY228 wheat|12v3|BE516296 wheat 203 754 LBY230 wheat|12v3|CA608701 wheat 204 755 LBY231 wheat|12v3|CA662849 wheat 205 756 LBY232 wheat|12v3|CA706141 wheat 206 757 LBY233 maize|13v2|AI939887 maize 207 758 LBY106_H3 maize|13v2|BG320823 maize 208 759 LBY119_H1 sorghum|13v2|XM_002458388 sorghum 209 760 LBY219_H9 rice|13v2|BM422078 rice 210 761 LBY27_H4 maize|13v2|BE050333 maize 211 762 LBY34_H2 soybean|13v2|GLYMA09G42190 soybean 212 763 LGN1 wheat|12v3|BE405890 wheat 213 764 LGN2 soybean|12v1|GLYMA16G27050 soybean 214 765 LGN3 sorghum|13v2|CN131173 sorghum 215 766 LGN4 sorghum|13v2|BF587229 sorghum 216 767 LGN5 sorghum|13v2|BI643690 sorghum 217 768 LGN6 sorghum|13v2|BE598356 sorghum 218 769 LGN7 sorghum|13v2|BE363875 sorghum 219 770 LGN9 rice|gb170|OS02G48000 rice 220 771 LGN13 rice|11v1|CV722121 rice 221 772 LGN14 rice|11v1|CB663201 rice 222 773 LGN17 maize|13v2|CF647382 maize 223 774 LGN18 maize|13v2|AW562670 maize 224 775 LGN20 maize|13v2|AI920382 maize 225 776 LGN23 maize|10v1|CF011727 maize 226 777 LGN24 maize|10v1|CD943107 maize 227 778 LGN26 maize|10v1|BE051266 maize 228 779 LGN33 maize|10v1|AI857219 maize 229 780 LGN34 maize|10v1|AI691183 maize 230 781 LGN35 maize|10v1|AI668189 maize 231 782 LGN36 maize|10v1|AI666136 maize 232 783 LGN39 maize|10v1|AA979848 maize 233 784 LGN40 cotton|11v1|BG446873 cotton 234 785 LGN41 brachypodium|12v1| brachypodium 235 786 BRADI1G64560 LGN42 barley|12v1|BI951707 barley 236 787 LGN43 barley|12v1|BI946826 barley 237 788 LGN44 barley|12v1|BF626012 barley 238 789 LGN45 barley|12v1|BF624588 barley 239 790 LGN46 barley|12v1|BF619715 barley 240 791 LGN47 barley|10v2|BI948139 barley 241 792 LGN48 barley|10v2|AV833757 barley 242 793 LGN49 maize|10v1|AI901839 maize 243 794 LGN52 foxtail_millet|11v3|SOLX00022696 foxtail_millet 244 795 LGN54 sorghum|12v1|SB01G028500 sorghum 245 796 LGN57 sorghum|13v2|BE596729 sorghum 246 797 LGN60 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10009 foxtail_millet 247 798 LGN61 maize|13v2|AI941989 maize 248 799 LGN62 maize|13v2|CF626471 maize 249 800 LGN62_H2 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X213481 foxtail_millet 250 801 LBY1 barley|12v1|BU976513 barley 251 — LBY2 cotton|11v1|DW509834XX1 cotton 252 — LBY3 foxtail_millet|11v3|PHY7SI024106M foxtail_millet 253 — LBY4 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 254 — GR13V1PRD019042 LBY5 maize|13v2|AI001271 maize 255 — LBY6 maize|13v2|BQ528930 maize 256 — LBY10 maize|13v2|EXP1208S11302X009072496D1 maize 257 — LBY12 maize|13v2|SRR014549X246688 maize 258 — LBY13 maize|13v2|SRR014549X57533 maize 259 — LBY14 sorghum|13v2|BE359338 sorghum 260 — LBY15 maize|13v2|ZM13V1RFAM401 maize 261 — LBY216 wheat|12v3|BE402170 wheat 193 813 LBY20 barley|12v1|AV833663 barley 262 556 LBY33 bean|13v1|CA912900 bean 263 802 LBY36 bean|13v1|SRR001335X369026 bean 264 803 LBY43 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE238232 chlamydomonas 265 804 LBY52 cotton|11v1|DT048759XX2 cotton 266 805 LBY61 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X103005 foxtail_millet 267 595 LBY68 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X117047 foxtail_millet 268 602 LBY69 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X122695 foxtail_millet 269 806 LBY70 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X123794 foxtail_millet 270 604 LBY72 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X130312 foxtail_millet 271 606 LBY73 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X132820 foxtail_millet 272 807 LBY74 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X135074 foxtail_millet 273 608 LBY80 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X191757 foxtail_millet 274 808 LBY84 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X306788 foxtail_millet 275 618 LBY86 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X406093 foxtail_millet 276 620 LBY92 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X154401 foxtail_millet 277 809 LBY93 gossypium_raimondii|13v1|AI055109 gossypium_raimondii 278 627 LBY95 gossypium_raimondiil 13v1|BG440368 gossypium_raimondii 279 629 LBY106 maize|13v2|A1629976 maize 280 639 LBY135 potato|10v1|BE919981 potato 281 666 LBY140 rice|13v2|AA750741 rice 282 671 LBY145 rice|13v1|C28519 rice 283 676 LBY151 sorghum|13v2|AI724085 sorghum 284 682 LBY156 sorghum|13v2|AW565627 sorghum 285 687 LBY157 sorghum|13v2|AW671774 sorghum 286 688 LBY159 sorghum|13v2|AW679798 sorghum 287 810 LBY165 sorghum|13v2|BE357267 sorghum 288 696 LBY178 sorghum|13v2|BG053630 sorghum 289 707 LBY201 sunflower|12v1|CD852615 sunflower 290 729 LBY204 sunflower|12v1|DY904031 sunflower 291 811 LBY206 sunflower|12v1|DY914980 sunflower 292 734 LBY208 sunflower|12v1|DY928062 sunflower 293 812 LBY215 wheat|12v3|AL821230 wheat 294 743 LBY106_H3 maize|13v2|BG320823 maize 295 759 LBY119_H1 sorghum|13v2|XM_002458388 sorghum 296 814 LBY219_H9 rice|13v2|BM422078 rice 297 761 LBY27_H4 maize|13v2|BE050333 maize 298 815 LBY34_H2 soybean|13v2|GLYMA09G42190 soybean 299 763 LGN1 wheat|12v3|BE405890 wheat 300 764 LGN18 maize|13v2|AW562670 maize 301 816 LGN23 maize|10v1|CF011727 maize 302 777 LGN42 barley|12v1|BI951707 barley 303 787 LGN62_H2 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X213481 foxtail_millet 304 801 LBY2 cotton|11v1|DW509834XX1 cotton 305 — LBY3 foxtail_millet|11v3|PHY7SI024106M foxtail_millet 306 — LBY4 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 307 — GR13V1PRD019042 LBY5 maize|13v2|AI001271 maize 308 — LBY6 maize|13v2|BQ528930 maize 309 — LBY14 sorghum|13v2|BE359338 sorghum 310 — LBY15 maize|13v2|ZM13V1RFAM401 maize 261 — LBY16 arabidopsis|13v2|AT1G22970 arabidopsis 311 552 LBY17 arabidopsis|13v2|AT2G33210 arabidopsis 312 553 LBY18 barley|12v1|AJ461405 barley 313 554 LBY20 barley|12v1|AV833663 barley 314 817 LBY21 barley|12v1|BE602565 barley 315 557 LBY22 barley|12v1|BE603141 barley 316 558 LBY23 barley|12v1|BF260749 barley 317 559 LBY24 barley|12v1|BF623324 barley 318 818 LBY25 barley|12v1|BF628509 barley 319 561 LBY26 barley|12v1|BG309426 barley 320 562 LBY28 barley|12v1|BI947919 barley 321 819 LBY29 barley|12v1|BI950637 barley 322 565 LBY30 barley|12v1|BI957144 barley 323 566 LBY31 barley|12v1|BM370880 barley 324 820 LBY32 barley|12v1|BU981749 barley 325 568 LBY33 bean|13v1|CA912900 bean 326 821 LBY35 bean|13v1|SRR001335X308983 bean 327 822 LBY36 bean|13v1|SRR001335X369026 bean 328 823 LBY37 brachypodium|13v2|BRADI1G10360 brachypodium 329 573 LBY39 chlamydomonas|13v1|AF016902 chlamydomonas 330 574 LBY40 chlamydomonas|13v1|AV389131 chlamydomonas 331 575 LBY41 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE024238 chlamydomonas 332 576 LBY43 chlamydomonas|13v1|BE238232 chlamydomonas 333 578 LBY44 chlamydomonas|13v1|BG859395 chlamydomonas 334 579 LBY45 cotton|11v1|AI728213 cotton 335 580 LBY46 cotton|11v1|AW187962 cotton 336 824 LBY47 cotton|11v1|BE054714 cotton 337 825 LBY48 cotton|11v1|CA992719 cotton 338 826 LBY49 cotton|11v1|CD485858 cotton 339 827 LBY50 cotton|11v1|CO094458 cotton 340 828 LBY51 cotton|11v1|CO097155XX2 cotton 341 586 LBY52 cotton|11v1|DT048759XX2 cotton 342 829 LBY53 cotton|11v1|DT551860 cotton 343 830 LBY54 cotton|11v1|DT569254 cotton 344 589 LBY55 foxtail_millet|13v2|EC612531 foxtail_millet 345 590 LBY56 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI011949M foxtail_millet 346 591 LBY57 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI024118M foxtail_millet 347 592 LBY58 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI031876M foxtail_millet 348 593 LBY59 foxtail_millet|13v2|PHY7SI032418M foxtail_millet 349 594 LBY61 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X103005 foxtail_millet 350 595 LBY62 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10518 foxtail_millet 351 596 LBY63 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X107681 foxtail_millet 352 597 LBY64 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10799 foxtail_millet 353 598 LBY65 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10909 foxtail_millet 354 599 LBY66 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X113858 foxtail_millet 355 600 LBY68 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X117047 foxtail_millet 356 602 LBY69 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X122695 foxtail_millet 357 831 LBY70 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X123794 foxtail_millet 358 604 LBY71 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X12932 foxtail_millet 359 605 LBY72 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X130312 foxtail_millet 360 832 LBY73 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X132820 foxtail_millet 361 607 LBY74 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X135074 foxtail_millet 362 833 LBY75 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X141269 foxtail_millet 363 609 LBY76 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X15437 foxtail_millet 364 610 LBY77 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X157828 foxtail_millet 365 611 LBY78 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X17296 foxtail_millet 366 612 LBY79 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X177567 foxtail_millet 367 613 LBY80 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X191757 foxtail_millet 368 614 LBY81 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X196210 foxtail_millet 369 615 LBY82 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X196859 foxtail_millet 370 616 LBY83 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X218671 foxtail_millet 371 617 LBY84 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X306788 foxtail_millet 372 618 LBY85 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X349819 foxtail_millet 373 619 LBY86 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X406093 foxtail_millet 374 620 LBY87 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X410798 foxtail_millet 375 621 LBY88 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X59197 foxtail_millet 376 622 LBY89 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X77704 foxtail_millet 377 623 LBY90 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X116153 foxtail_millet 378 624 LBY91 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X131202 foxtail_millet 379 625 LBY92 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350549X154401 foxtail_millet 380 626 LBY93 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 381 834 AI055109 LBY94 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 382 835 AW187415 LBY95 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 383 836 BG440368 LBY96 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 384 630 CA993797 LBY97 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 385 837 DW518098 LBY98 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01008767001 grape 386 632 LBY99 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01022545001 grape 387 633 LBY100 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01027185001 grape 388 634 LBY102 grape|13v1|GSVIVT01033774001 grape 389 635 LBY103 maize|13v2|AI391771 maize 390 636 LBY104 maize|13v2|AI391832 maize 391 637 LBY105 maize|13v2|AI629879 maize 392 638 LBY107 maize|13v2|AI649422 maize 393 640 LBY108 maize|13v2|AI665281 maize 394 838 LBY109 maize|13v2|AI714974 maize 395 642 LBY110 maize|13v2|AI783421 maize 396 643 LBY111 maize|13v2|AI857222 maize 397 644 LBY112 maize|13v2|AW066591 maize 398 645 LBY113 maize|13v2|BE511523 maize 399 646 LBY114 maize|13v2|BG320464 maize 400 647 LBY115 maize|13v2|BG836613 maize 401 648 LBY116 maize|13v2|BM416753 maize 402 839 LBY117 maize|13v2|BM895232 maize 403 650 LBY118 maize|13v2|CF648041 maize 404 651 LBY120 maize|13v2|W21655 maize 405 840 LBY121 maize|13v2|W21748 maize 406 841 LBY122 maize|13v2|W49461 maize 407 842 LBY123 maize|13v2|X81831 maize 408 656 LBY125 medicago|13v1|AW696074 medicago 409 657 LBY126 medicago|13v1|BG457785 medicago 410 658 LBY127 medicago|13v1|BQ147900 medicago 411 843 LBY128 peanut|13v1|EE125510 peanut 412 660 LBY129 peanut|13v1|ES722517 peanut 413 661 LBY132 pine|10v2|BM492830 pine 414 663 LBY133 plantago|11v2|SRR066373X397343 plantago 415 664 LBY134 poplar|13v1|AI164180 poplar 416 665 LBY135 potato|10v1|BE919981 potato 417 666 LBY136 potato|10v1|BF460221 potato 418 844 LBY137 potato|10v1|BG595100 potato 419 845 LBY138 rice|11v1|AU069467 rice 420 669 LBY139 rice|13v2|AA750185 rice 421 846 LBY140 rice|13v2|AA750741 rice 422 671 LBY141 rice|13v2|AU077650 rice 423 672 LBY142 rice|13v2|AU173280 rice 424 673 LBY143 rice|13v2|BI796376 rice 425 674 LBY144 rice|13v2|BQ907720 rice 426 847 LBY145 rice|13v2|C28519 rice 427 676 LBY146 rice|13v2|GFXAC018727X13 rice 428 848 LBY148 sorghum|12v1|SB03G032710 sorghum 429 679 LBY149 sorghum|13v2|AI723863 sorghum 430 680 LBY150 sorghum|13v2|AI723986 sorghum 431 681 LBY151 sorghum|13v2|AI724085 sorghum 432 682 LBY152 sorghum|13v2|AI724262 sorghum 433 683 LBY153 sorghum|13v2|AW283496 sorghum 434 684 LBY154 sorghum|13v2|AW285663 sorghum 435 685 LBY155 sorghum|13v2|AW564408 sorghum 436 849 LBY156 sorghum|13v2|AW565627 sorghum 437 850 LBY157 sorghum|13v2|AW671774 sorghum 438 688 LBY158 sorghum|13v2|AW676719 sorghum 439 851 LBY159 sorghum|13v2|AW679798 sorghum 440 690 LBY160 sorghum|13v2|AW746324 sorghum 441 691 LBY161 sorghum|13v2|AW747557 sorghum 442 692 LBY162 sorghum|13v2|BE126058 sorghum 443 693 LBY163 sorghum|13v2|BE355844 sorghum 444 694 LBY164 sorghum|13v2|BE356001 sorghum 445 852 LBY165 sorghum|13v2|BE357267 sorghum 446 853 LBY166 sorghum|13v2|BE358756 sorghum 447 697 LBY167 sorghum|13v2|BE360790 sorghum 448 698 LBY170 sorghum|13v2|BE594760 sorghum 449 700 LBY171 sorghum|13v2|BE597213 sorghum 450 701 LBY173 sorghum|13v2|BF421040 sorghum 451 702 LBY174 sorghum|13v2|BF585682 sorghum 452 703 LBY175 sorghum|13v2|BF586554 sorghum 453 704 LBY176 sorghum|13v2|BG049624 sorghum 454 705 LBY177 sorghum|13v2|BG050660 sorghum 455 706 LBY178 sorghum|13v2|BG053630 sorghum 456 707 LBY179 sorghum|13v2|BG411492 sorghum 457 708 LBY180 sorghum|13v2|BG488154 sorghum 458 854 LBY181 sorghum|13v2|BM322245 sorghum 459 855 LBY182 sorghum|13v2|CD222102 sorghum 460 856 LBY183 sorghum|13v2|CD223986 sorghum 461 712 LBY184 sorghum|13v2|CD224850 sorghum 462 713 LBY185 sorghum|13v2|CD226020 sorghum 463 857 LBY186 sorghum|13v2|CD227545 sorghum 464 715 LBY187 sorghum|13v2|CD431650 sorghum 465 858 LBY188 sorghum|13v2|CF757269 sorghum 466 717 LBY190 sorghum|13v2|CF761959 sorghum 467 719 LBY191 sorghum|13v2|XM_002441241 sorghum 468 720 LBY192 sorghum|13v2|XM_002457915 sorghum 469 859 LBY193 soybean|13v2|GLYMA05G34360 soybean 470 860 LBY194 soybean|13v2|GLYMA15G30610 soybean 471 723 LBY195 soybean|13v2|GLYMA19G40920T2 soybean 472 861 LBY196 spruce|11v1|ES252179 spruce 473 725 LBY197 sunflower|12v1|AJ829034 sunflower 474 726 LBY199 sunflower|12v1|BU021733 sunflower 475 862 LBY200 sunflower|12v1|CD847948 sunflower 476 863 LBY201 sunflower|12v1|CD852615 sunflower 477 864 LBY202 sunflower|12v1|CD853598 sunflower 478 865 LBY203 sunflower|12v1|CX948055 sunflower 479 866 LBY204 sunflower|12v1|DY904031 sunflower 480 732 LBY205 sunflower|12v1|DY904769 sunflower 481 867 LBY206 sunflower|12v1|DY914980 sunflower 482 868 LBY207 sunflower|12v1|DY918107 sunflower 483 869 LBY208 sunflower|12v1|DY928062 sunflower 484 736 LBY209 sunflower|12v1|EE609275 sunflower 485 870 LBY210 sunflower|12v1|EE613413 sunflower 486 871 LBY211 sunflower|12v1|EE625930 sunflower 487 872 LBY212 tomato|13v1|BG123297 tomato 488 873 LBY213 tomato|13v1|BG129885 tomato 489 874 LBY214 wheat|12v3|AL820463 wheat 490 742 LBY216 wheat|12v3|BE402170 wheat 491 875 LBY217 wheat|12v3|BE402302 wheat 492 876 LBY218 wheat|12v3|BE413931 wheat 493 877 LBY220 wheat|12v3|BE419175 wheat 494 748 LBY221 wheat|12v3|BE419414 wheat 495 749 LBY222 wheat|12v3|BE422621 wheat 496 878 LBY224 wheat|12v3|BE442666 wheat 497 751 LBY225 wheat|12v3|BE446154 wheat 498 879 LBY227 wheat|12v3|BE515516 wheat 499 753 LBY228 wheat|12v3|BE516296 wheat 500 880 LBY230 wheat|12v3|CA608701 wheat 501 881 LBY231 wheat|12v3|CA662849 wheat 502 882 LBY232 wheat|12v3|CA706141 wheat 503 883 LBY233 maize|13v2|AI939887 maize 504 758 LBY106_H3 maize|13v2|BG320823 maize 505 884 LBY119_H1 sorghum|13v2|XM_002458388 sorghum 506 885 LBY219_H9 rice|13v2|BM422078 rice 507 761 LBY27_H4 maize|13v2|BE050333 maize 508 762 LBY34_H2 soybean|13v2|GLYMA09G42190 soybean 509 763 LGN1 wheat|12v3|BE405890 wheat 510 764 LGN2 soybean|12v1|GLYMA16G27050 soybean 511 765 LGN3 sorghum|13v2|CN131173 sorghum 512 766 LGN4 sorghum|13v2|BF587229 sorghum 513 767 LGN5 sorghum|13v2|BI643690 sorghum 514 768 LGN6 sorghum|13v2|BE598356 sorghum 515 769 LGN7 sorghum|13v2|BE363875 sorghum 516 770 LGN9 rice|gb170|OS02G48000 rice 517 771 LGN13 rice|11v1|CV722121 rice 518 772 LGN14 rice|11v1|CB663201 rice 519 773 LGN17 maize|13v2|CF647382 maize 520 886 LGN18 maize|13v2|AW562670 maize 521 887 LGN20 maize|13v2|AI920382 maize 522 888 LGN23 maize|10v1|CF011727 maize 523 777 LGN24 maize|10v1|CD943107 maize 524 889 LGN26 maize|10v1|BE051266 maize 525 779 LGN33 maize|10v1|AI857219 maize 526 780 LGN34 maize|10v1|AI691183 maize 527 890 LGN35 maize|10v1|AI668189 maize 528 782 LGN36 maize|10v1|AI666136 maize 529 783 LGN39 maize|10v1|AA979848 maize 530 891 LGN40 cotton|11v1|BG446873 cotton 531 785 LGN41 brachypodium|12v1|BRADI1G64560 brachypodium 532 786 LGN42 barley|12v1|BI951707 barley 533 787 LGN43 barley|12v1|BI946826 barley 534 788 LGN44 barley|12v1|BF626012 barley 535 789 LGN45 barley|12v1|BF624588 barley 536 892 LGN46 barley|12v1|BF619715 barley 537 791 LGN47 barley|10v2|BI948139 barley 538 893 LGN48 barley|10v2|AV833757 barley 539 793 LGN49 maize|10v1|AI901839 maize 540 894 LGN52 foxtail_millet|11v3|SOLX00022696 foxtail_millet 541 795 LGN54 sorghum|12v1|SB01G028500 sorghum 542 796 LGN57 sorghum|13v2|BE596729 sorghum 543 895 LGN60 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X10009 foxtail_millet 544 798 LGN61 maize|13v2|AI941989 maize 545 896 LGN62_H2 foxtail_millet|13v2|SRR350548X213481 foxtail_millet 546 897 LBY3 foxtail_millet|11v3|PHY7SI024106M foxtail_millet 547 — LBY4 gossypium_raimondii|13v1| gossypium_raimondii 548 — GR13V1PRD019042 LBY5 maize|13v2|AI001271 maize 549 — LBY6 maize|13v2|BQ528930 maize 550 — LBY14 sorghum|13v2|BE359338 sorghum 551 — “polyn.” = polynucleotide; “polyp.” = polypeptide.

Example 2 Identification of Homologous (e.g., Orthologous) Sequences that Increase Yield, Seed Yield, Fiber Yield, Fiber Quality, Growth Rate, Biomass, Oil Content, Vigor, ABST, and/or NUE of a Plant

The concepts of orthology and paralogy have recently been applied to functional characterizations and classifications on the scale of whole-genome comparisons. Orthologs and paralogs constitute two major types of homologs: The first evolved from a common ancestor by specialization, and the latter is related by duplication events. It is assumed that paralogs arising from ancient duplication events are likely to have diverged in function while true orthologs are more likely to retain identical function over evolutionary time.

To further investigate and identify putative orthologs of the genes affecting plant yield, seed yield, fiber yield, fiber quality, oil yield, oil content, seed yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, abiotic stress tolerance, and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant, all sequences were aligned using the BLAST® (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). Sequences sufficiently similar were tentatively grouped. These putative orthologs were further organized under a Phylogram—a branching diagram (tree) assumed to be a representation of the evolutionary relationships among the biological taxa. Putative ortholog groups were analyzed as to their agreement with the phylogram and in cases of disagreements these ortholog groups were broken accordingly.

Expression data was analyzed and the EST libraries were classified using a fixed vocabulary of custom terms such as developmental stages (e.g., genes showing similar expression profile through development with up regulation at specific stage, such as at the seed filling stage) and/or plant organ (e.g., genes showing similar expression profile across their organs with up regulation at specific organs such as seed). The annotations from all the ESTs clustered to a gene were analyzed statistically by comparing their frequency in the cluster versus their abundance in the database, allowing the construction of a numeric and graphic expression profile of that gene, which is termed “digital expression”. The rationale of using these two complementary methods with methods of phenotypic association studies of QTLs, SNPs and phenotype expression correlation is based on the assumption that true orthologs are likely to retain identical function over evolutionary time. These methods provide different sets of indications on function similarities between two homologous genes, similarities in the sequence level -identical amino acids in the protein domains and similarity in expression profiles.

The search and identification of homologous genes involves the screening of sequence information available, for example, in public databases such as the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ), Genbank, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Nucleic Acid Sequence Database (EMBL) or versions thereof or the MIPS database. A number of different search algorithms have been developed, including but not limited to the suite of programs referred to as BLAST® programs. There are five implementations of BLAST®, three designed for nucleotide sequence queries (BLASTN®, BLASTX®, and TBLASTX®) and two designed for protein sequence queries (BLASTP® and TBLASTN®) (Coulson, Trends in Biotechnology: 76-80, 1994; Birren et al., Genome Analysis, I: 543, 1997). Such methods involve alignment and comparison of sequences. The BLAST® algorithm calculates percent sequence identity and performs a statistical analysis of the similarity between the two sequences. The software for performing BLAST® analysis is publicly available through the National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Other such software or algorithms are GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA and TFASTA. GAP uses the algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453, 1970) to find the alignment of two complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of gaps.

The homologous genes may belong to the same gene family. The analysis of a gene family may be carried out using sequence similarity analysis. To perform this analysis one may use standard programs for multiple alignments e.g. Clustal W. A neighbour-joining tree of the proteins homologous to the genes in this invention may be used to provide an overview of structural and ancestral relationships. Sequence identity may be calculated using an alignment program as described above. It is expected that other plants will carry a similar functional gene (ortholog) or a family of similar genes and those genes will provide the same preferred phenotype as the genes presented here. Advantageously, these family members may be useful in the methods of the invention. Example of other plants are included here but not limited to, barley (Hordeum vulgare), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), cotton (Gossypium), Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), Rice (Oryza sativa), Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Soybean (Glycine max), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

The above-mentioned analyses for sequence homology can be carried out on a full-length sequence, but may also be based on a comparison of certain regions such as conserved domains. The identification of such domains, would also be well within the realm of the person skilled in the art and would involve, for example, a computer readable format of the nucleic acids of the present invention, the use of alignment software programs and the use of publicly available information on protein domains, conserved motifs and boxes. This information is available in the PRODOM (biochem (dot) ucl (dot) ac (dot) uk/bsm/dbbrowser/protocol/prodomqry (dot) html), PR (pir (dot) Georgetown (dot) edu/) or Pfam (sanger (dot) ac (dot) uk/Software/Pfam/) database. Sequence analysis programs designed for motif searching may be used for identification of fragments, regions and conserved domains as mentioned above. Preferred computer programs include, but are not limited to, MEME, SIGNALSCAN, and GENESCAN.

A person skilled in the art may use the homologous sequences provided herein to find similar sequences in other species and other organisms. Homologues of a protein encompass, peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins and enzymes having amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or insertions relative to the unmodified protein in question and having similar biological and functional activity as the unmodified protein from which they are derived. To produce such homologues, amino acids of the protein may be replaced by other amino acids having similar properties (conservative changes, such as similar hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, antigenicity, propensity to form or break a-helical structures or 3-sheet structures). Conservative substitution tables are well known in the art (see for example Creighton (1984) Proteins. W.H. Freeman and Company). Homologues of a nucleic acid encompass nucleic acids having nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or insertions relative to the unmodified nucleic acid in question and having similar biological and functional activity as the unmodified nucleic acid from which they are derived.

Polynucleotides and polypeptides with significant homology to the identified genes described in Table 1 (Example 1 above) were identified from the databases using BLAST® software with the BLASTP® and tBLASTN® algorithms as filters for the first stage, and the needle (EMBOSS package) or Frame+ algorithm alignment for the second stage. Local identity (BLAST® alignments) was defined with a very permissive cutoff—60% Identity on a span of 60% of the sequences lengths because it is used only as a filter for the global alignment stage. The default filtering of the BLAST® package was not utilized (by setting the parameter “-F F”).

In the second stage, homologs were defined based on a global identity of at least 80% to the core gene polypeptide sequence. Two distinct forms for finding the optimal global alignment for protein or nucleotide sequences were used in this application:

1. Between two proteins (following the BLASTP® filter): EMBOSS-6.0.1 Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with the following modified parameters: gapopen=8 gapextend=2. The rest of the parameters were unchanged from the default options described hereinabove.

2. Between a protein sequence and a nucleotide sequence (following the tBLASTN® filter):

GenCore 6.0 OneModel application utilizing the Frame+ algorithm with the following parameters: model=frame+_p2n.model mode=qglobal -q=protein. sequence -db=nucleotide.sequence. The rest of the parameters are unchanged from the default options described hereinabove.

The query polypeptide sequences were SEQ ID NOs: 552-897 and the query polynucleotides were SEQ ID NOs: 1-551 and the identified orthologous and homologous sequences having at least 80% global sequence identity are provided in Table 2, below. These homologous genes are expected to increase plant yield, seed yield, oil yield, oil content, growth rate, fiber yield, fiber quality, fiber length, photosynthetic capacity, biomass, vigor, ABST and/or NUE of a plant.

Lengthy table referenced here US10975383-20210413-T00001 Please refer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

The output of the functional genomics approach described herein is a set of genes highly predicted to improve yield and/or other agronomic important traits such as growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield and/or quality, biomass, photosynthetic capacity, growth rate, abiotic stress tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency of a plant by increasing their expression. Although each gene is predicted to have its own impact, modifying the mode of expression of more than one gene is expected to provide an additive or synergistic effect on the plant yield and/or other agronomic important yields performance. Altering the expression of each gene described here alone or set of genes together increases the overall yield and/or other agronomic important traits, hence expects to increase agricultural productivity.

Example 3 Production of Barley Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 44K Barley Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized a Barley oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 47,500 Barley genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 25 different Barley accessions were analyzed. Among them, 13 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Four tissues at different developmental stages [meristem, flower, booting spike, stem], representing different plant characteristics were sampled and RNA was extracted as described hereinabove under “GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL AND BIOINFORMATICS METHODS”.

For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 Barley transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Booting spike at flowering stage 1 under normal conditions Flowering spike at flowering stage 2 under normal conditions Meristem at flowering stage 3 under normal conditions Stem at flowering stage under 4 normal conditions Table 3: Provided are the identification (ID) letters of each of the Barley expression sets.

Barley yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—13 Barley accessions in 4 repetitive blocks (named A, B, C, and D), each containing 4 plants per plot were grown at net house under normal conditions as recommended for commercial growth [normal growth conditions included irrigation given 2-3 times a week, and fertilization given in the first 1.5 months of the growth period]; under low Nitrogen (80% percent less Nitrogen); or under drought stress (cycles of drought and re-irrigating were conducted throughout the whole experiment, overall 40% less water were given in the drought treatment). Plants were phenotyped on a daily basis following the standard descriptor of barley (Table 4, below). Harvest was conducted while 50% of the spikes were dry to avoid spontaneous release of the seeds. Plants were separated to the vegetative part and spikes, of them, 5 spikes were threshed (grains were separated from the glumes) for additional grain analysis such as size measurement, grain count per spike and grain yield per spike. All material was oven dried and the seeds were threshed manually from the spikes prior to measurement of the seed characteristics (weight and size) using scanning and image analysis. The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

TABLE 4 Barley standard descriptors Trait Parameter Range Description Growth Scoring 1-9 Prostrate (1) habit or Erect (9) Hairiness of Scoring P (Presence)/ Absence (1) basal leaves A (Absence) or Presence (2) Stem Scoring 1-5 Green (1), Basal only pigmentation or Half or more (5) Days to Days Days from sowing to Flowering emergence of awns Plant height Centimeter Height from (cm) ground level to top of the longest spike excluding awns Spikes Number Terminal per plant Counting Spike Centimeter Terminal Counting length (cm) 5 spikes per plant Grains Number Terminal Counting per spike 5 spikes per plant Vegetative Gram Oven-dried for dry weight 48 hours at 70° C. Spikes dry Gram Oven-dried for weight 48 hours at 30° C. Table 4

At the end of the experiment (50% of the spikes were dry) all spikes from plots within blocks A-D were collected, and the following measurements were performed:

(i) Grains per spike—The total number of grains from 5 spikes that were manually threshed was counted. The average grain per spike was calculated by dividing the total grain number by the number of spikes.

(ii) Grain average size (cm)—The total grains from 5 spikes that were manually threshed were scanned and images were analyzed using the digital imaging system. Grain scanning was done using Brother scanner (model DCP-135), at the 200 dpi resolution and analyzed with Image J software. The average grain size was calculated by dividing the total grain size by the total grain number.

(iii) Grain average weight (mgr)—The total grains from 5 spikes that were manually threshed were counted and weight. The average weight was calculated by dividing the total weight by the total grain number.

(iv) Grain yield per spike (gr) (=seed yield of 5 spikes)—The total grains from 5 spikes that were manually threshed were weight. The grain yield was calculated by dividing the total weight by the spike number.

(v) Spike length analysis—The five chosen spikes per plant were measured using measuring tape excluding the awns.

(vi) Spike number analysis—The spikes per plant were counted.

Additional parameters were measured as follows:

Growth habit scoring—At growth stage 10 (booting), each of the plants was scored for its growth habit nature. The scale that was used was “1” for prostate nature till “9” for erect.

Hairiness of basal leaves—At growth stage 5 (leaf sheath strongly erect; end of tillering), each of the plants was scored for its hairiness nature of the leaf before the last. The scale that was used was “1” for prostate nature till “9” for erect.

Plant height—At harvest stage (50% of spikes were dry), each of the plants was measured for its height using measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest spike excluding awns.

Days to flowering—Each of the plants was monitored for flowering date. Days of flowering were calculated from sowing date till flowering date.

Stem pigmentation—At growth stage 10 (booting), each of the plants was scored for its stem color. The scale that was used was “1” for green till “5” for full purple.

Vegetative dry weight and spike yield—At the end of the experiment (50% of the spikes were dry) all spikes and vegetative material from plots within blocks A-D were collected. The biomass and spikes weight of each plot was separated, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours;

Spike yield per plant=total spike weight per plant (gr) after drying at 30° C. in oven for 48 hours.

TABLE 5 Barley correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID Grain weight [milligrams] 1 Grains size [mm²] 2 Grains per spike [numbers] 3 Growth habit [scores 1-9] 4 Hairiness of basal leaves [scoring 1-2] 5 Plant height (cm) 6 Seed yield of 5 spikes [gr/spike] 7 Spike length [cm] 8 Spikes per plant [numbers] 9 Stem pigmentation [scoring 1-5] 10 Vegetative dry weight [gram] 11 Days to flowering [days] 12 Table 5. Provided are the Barley correlated parameters (vectors).

Experimental Results

13 different Barley accessions were grown and characterized for 12 parameters as described above. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 6 and 7 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome expression sets (Table 3) and the average parameters was conducted. Follow, results were integrated to the database (Table 8 below).

TABLE 6 Measured parameters of correlation Ids in Barley accessions Eco- type/ Treat- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 35.05 28.06 28.76 17.87 41.22 29.73 25.22 2 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.17 0.29 0.28 0.22 3 20.23 17.98 17.27 17.73 14.47 16.78 12.12 4 2.60 2.00 1.92 3.17 4.33 2.69 3.60 5 1.53 1.33 1.69 1.08 1.42 1.69 1.30 6 134.27 130.50 138.77 114.58 127.75 129.38 103.89 7 3.56 2.54 2.58 1.57 3.03 2.52 1.55 8 12.04 10.93 11.83 9.90 11.68 11.53 8.86 9 48.85 48.27 37.42 61.92 33.27 41.69 40.00 10 1.13 2.50 1.69 1.75 2.33 2.31 1.70 11 78.87 66.14 68.49 53.39 68.30 74.17 35.35 12 62.40 64.08 65.15 58.92 63.00 70.54 52.80 Table 6. Provided are the values of each of the parameters measured in Barley accessions (1-7) according to the correlation identifications (see Table 5).

TABLE 7 Barley accessions, additional measured parameters Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 34.99 20.58 27.50 37.13 29.56 19.58 2 0.28 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.27 0.18 3 14.07 21.54 12.10 13.40 15.28 17.07 4 3.50 3.00 3.67 2.47 3.50 3.00 5 1.19 1.00 1.17 1.60 1.08 1.17 6 121.63 126.80 99.83 121.40 118.42 117.17 7 2.62 2.30 1.68 2.68 2.35 1.67 8 11.22 11.11 8.58 10.18 10.51 9.80 9 40.63 62.00 49.33 50.60 43.09 51.40 10 2.19 2.30 1.83 3.07 1.58 2.17 11 58.33 62.23 38.32 68.31 56.15 42.68 12 60.88 58.10 53.00 60.40 64.58 56.00 Table 7. Provided are the values of each of the parameters measured in Barley accessions (8-13) according to the correlation identifications (see Table 5).

TABLE 8 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance undernormal fertilization conditions across barley accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY20 0.72 1.32E−02 3 9 LBY21 0.81 2.27E−03 1 2 LBY21 0.75 7.63E−03 1 1 LBY22 0.74 9.92E−03 3 7 LBY25 0.75 7.51E−03 3 9 LBY26 0.88 3.49E−04 3 2 LBY26 0.83 1.63E−03 3 1 LBY26 0.72 1.19E−02 3 7 LBY26 0.81 2.69E−03 3 12  LBY29 0.71 1.47E−02 3 12  LBY30 0.78 4.36E−03 3 9 LBY31 0.79 6.50E−03 2 10  LBY32 0.88 4.12E−04 1 2 LBY32 0.87 5.83E−04 1 1 LBY32 0.70 1.56E−02 3 9 LGN42 0.86 6.89E−04 3 9 LGN43 0.74 8.67E−03 1 9 LGN43 0.72 1.20E−02 1 3 Table 8. Provided are the correlations (R) between the gene expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 86. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 84. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 4 Production of Barley Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Barley Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis comparing between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a Barley oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K Barley genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 15 different Barley accessions were analyzed. Among them, 10 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Analyzed Barley tissues—six tissues at different developmental stages [leaf, meristem, root tip, adventitious root, booting spike and stem], representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 9-11 below.

TABLE 9 Barley transcriptome expression sets under drought and recovery conditions Expression Set Set ID Booting spike under 1 drought conditions Leaf at reproductive stage 2 under drought conditions Leaf at vegetative stage 3 under drought conditions Meristem at vegetative stage 4 under drought conditions Root tip at vegetative stage 5 under drought conditions Root tip at vegetative 6 stage under recovery from drought conditions Table 9. Provided are the barley transcriptome expression sets under drought and recovery conditions.

TABLE 10 Barley transcriptome expression sets under normal and low nitrogen conditions (set 1) Expression Set Set ID Adventitious roots under 1 low nitrogen conditions Adventitious roots 2 under normal conditions Leaf under low nitrogen 3 conditions Leaf under normal 4 conditions Root tip under low 5 nitrogen conditions Root tip under normal 6 conditions Table 10. Provided are the barley transcriptome expression sets under normal and low nitrogen conditions (set 1-vegetative stage).

TABLE 11 Barley transcriptome expression sets under normal and low nitrogen conditions (set 2) Expression Set Set ID Booting spike under low 1 nitrogen conditions Booting spike under 2 normal conditions Leaf under low 3 nitrogen conditions Leaf under normal 4 conditions Stem under low nitrogen 5 conditions Stem under normal 6 conditions Table 11. Provided are the barley transcriptome expression sets under normal and low nitrogen conditions (set 2-reproductive stage).

Barley yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—15 Barley accessions in 5 repetitive blocks, each containing 5 plants per pot were grown at net house. Three different treatments were applied: plants were regularly fertilized and watered during plant growth until harvesting as recommended for commercial growth under normal conditions [normal growth conditions included irrigation 2-3 times a week and fertilization given in the first 1.5 months of the growth period]; under low Nitrogen (80% percent less Nitrogen); or under drought stress (cycles of drought and re-irrigating were conducted throughout the whole experiment, overall 40% less water as compared to normal conditions were given in the drought treatment). Plants were phenotyped on a daily basis following the standard descriptor of barley (Tables 12-15, below). Harvest was conducted while all the spikes were dry. All material was oven dried and the seeds were threshed manually from the spikes prior to measurement of the seed characteristics (weight and size) using scanning and image analysis. The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Grain yield (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all spikes of the pots were collected. The total grains from all spikes that were manually threshed were weighted. The grain yield was calculated by per plot or per plant.

Spike length and width analysis—At the end of the experiment the length and width of five chosen spikes per plant were measured using measuring tape excluding the awns.

Spike number analysis—The spikes per plant were counted.

Plant height—Each of the plants was measured for its height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest spike excluding awns at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Spike weight—The biomass and spikes weight of each plot were separated, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Spikelet per spike=number of spikelets per spike was counted.

Root/Shoot Ratio—The Root/Shoot Ratio is calculated using Formula XXII (above).

Total No. of tillers—all tillers were counted per plot at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Percent of reproductive tillers—was calculated based on Formula XXVI (above).

SPAD [SPAD unit]—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta

SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at time of flowering. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Root FW (gr.), root length (cm) and No. of lateral roots—3 plants per plot were selected for measurement of root weight, root length and for counting the number of lateral roots formed.

Shoot FW (fresh weight)—weight of 3 plants per plot were recorded at different time-points.

Average Grain Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Average Grain Length and width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains

Average Grain perimeter (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Heading date—the day in which booting stage was observed was recorded and number of days from sowing to heading was calculated.

Relative water content—was calculated based on Formula I.

Harvest Index (for barley)—The harvest index is calculated using Formula XVIII (above).

Relative growth rate: the relative growth rates (RGR) of Plant Height, SPAD and number of tillers were calculated based on Formulas III, IV and V respectively.

RATIO Drought/Normal: Represent ratio for the specified parameter of Drought condition results divided by Normal conditions results (maintenance of phenotype under drought in comparison to normal conditions).

Data parameters collected are summarized in Table 12-15, hereinbelow

TABLE 12 Barley correlated parameters (vectors) under drought and recovery conditions Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Chlorophyll levels SPAD [unit] 1 Dry weight at harvest [gr] 2 Dry weight vegetative 3 growth [gr/day] Fresh weight [gr] 4 Grain number [num] 5 Grain weight [gr] 6 Harvest index 7 [yield/(yield + biomass)] Heading date [days] 8 Height Relative growth 9 rate [cm/day] Number of tillers Relative 10 growth rate [num/day] Plant height T2 [cm] 11 Root/shoot [ratio] 12 Relative water content [%] 13 Root dry weight [gr] 14 Root fresh weight [gr] 15 Root length [cm] 16 SPAD Relative growth rate 17 SPAD [unit/day] Spike length [cm] 18 Spike number [num] 19 Spike weight per plant [gr] 20 Spike width [cm] 21 Tillers number T2 [num] 22 Lateral root number [num] 23 Table 12. Provided are the barley correlated parameters.

TABLE 13 Barley correlated parameters (vectors) for maintenance of performance under drought conditions Correlated Correlation parameter with ID Chlorophyll 1 levels [ratio] Dry weight at 2 harvest [ratio] Dry weight vegetative 3 growth [ratio] Fresh weight [ratio] 4 Grain number [ratio] 5 Grain weight [ratio] 6 Harvest index [ratio] 7 Heading date [ratio] 8 Plant height [ratio] 9 Root/shoot [ratio] 10 Relative water 11 content [ratio] Root dry weight [ratio] 12 Root fresh weight [ratio] 13 Root length [ratio] 14 Spike length [ratio] 15 Spike number [ratio] 16 Spike weight per 17 plant [ratio] Spike width [ratio] 18 Tillers number [ratio] 19 Lateral root 20 number [ratio] Table 13. Provided are the barley correlated parameters. “ratio”-ratio for the specified parameter of Drought condition results divided by Normal conditions results (maintenance of phenotype under drought in comparison to normal conditions.

TABLE 14 Barley correlated parameters (vectors) under low nitrogen and normal conditions (set 1) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Lateral Roots under Normal growth conditions [number] 1 Leaf Area, under Normal growth conditions [mm²] 2 Leaf Number, TP4, under Low N 3 growth conditions [number] Max Length, under Normal growth conditions [mm] 4 Max Width, under Normal growth conditions [mm] 5 Max Length, TP4, under Low N growth conditions [mm] 6 Max Width, TP4, under Low N growth conditions [mm] 7 No of lateral roots, under Low N 8 growth conditions, TP2 [number] No of tillers, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 [number] 9 Num Leaves, under Normal growth conditions [number] 10 Num Seeds, under Normal growth conditions [number] 11 Number of Spikes, under Normal 12 growth conditions [number] Num Tillers, under Normal growth conditions[number] 13 Plant Height, under Normal growth conditions, T2 [cm] 14 Plant Height, under Low N growth conditions [cm] 15 Plant Height, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 [cm] 16 Root FW, under Normal growth conditions [gr.] 17 Root Length, under Normal growth conditions [cm] 18 Root FW, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 [gr.] 19 Root length, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 [cm] 20 SPAD, under Normal growth conditions SPAD [unit] 21 SPAD, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 SPAD [unit] 22 Seed Yield, under Normal growth conditions [gr.] 23 Seed Number (per plot) under Low N 24 growth conditions [number] Seed Yield, under Low N growth conditions [gr.] 25 Seed Yield, under Normal growth conditions [gr.] 26 Shoot FW, under Normal growth conditions [gr.] 27 Spike Length, under Normal growth conditions [cm] 28 Spike Width, under Normal growth conditions [cm] 29 Spike weight, under Normal growth conditions [gr.] 30 Spike Length, under Low N growth conditions [cm] 31 Spike Width, under Low N growth conditions [cm] 32 Spike total weight (per plot) under Low N 33 growth conditions [gr.] Total Tillers, under Normal growth conditions [number] 34 Total Leaf Area, TP4, under 35 Low N growth conditions [mm²] Total No of Spikes (per plot) under Low N 36 growth conditions [number] Total No of tillers (per plot) under Low N 37 growth conditions [number] Shoot FW, under Low N growth conditions, TP2 [gr.] 38 Table 14. Provided are the barley correlated parameters. “TP” = time point; “DW” = dry weight; “FW” = fresh weight; “Low N” = Low Nitrogen; “Normal” = regular growth conditions. “Max” = maximum.

TABLE 15 Barley correlated parameters (vectors) under low nitrogen and normal conditions (set 2) Correlated Correlation parameter with ID Grain Perimeter (cm) 1 Grain area (cm²) 2 Grain length (cm) 3 Grain width (cm) 4 Grains DW/Shoots DW (ratio) 5 Grains per plot (number) 6 Grains weight per plant (gr.) 7 Grains weight per plot (gr.) 8 Plant Height (cm) 9 Roots DW (mg) 10 Row number (number) 11 Spikes FW (Harvest) (gr.) 12 Spikes num (number) 13 Tillering (Harvest) (number) 14 Vegetative DW (Harvest) (gr.) 15 percent of reproductive tillers (%) 16 shoot/root ratio (ratio) 17 Table 15. Provided are the barley correlated parameters. “TP” = time point; “DW” = dry weight; “FW” = fresh weight; “Low N” = Low Nitrogen; “Normal” = regular growth conditions. “Max” = maximum. Note that each of the parameters described in this Table was measured under both low N growth conditions and normal growth conditions.

Experimental Results

15 different Barley accessions were grown and characterized for different parameters as described above. Tables 12-15 above describe the Barley correlated parameters. The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 16-25 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters (Tables 16-25) was conducted. Follow, results were integrated to the database (Tables 26-29).

TABLE 16 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions under drought and recovery conditions Corr. ID/ Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Line-1 41.33 6.15 0.21 1.90 170.00 5.55 0.47 75.00 0.27 0.070 46.00 0.013 Line-2 33.57 5.05 0.21 1.52 267.50 9.80 0.66 71.00 0.86 0.097 52.80 0.012 Line-3 36.57 3.20 1.17 111.00 3.55 0.53 65.00 0.73 0.059 35.00 0.008 Line-4 40.50 3.28 1.95 205.33 7.20 0.69 0.88 0.071 38.00 0.006 Line-5 45.07 4.76 1.90 153.60 5.28 0.53 66.75 0.40 0.164 45.20 0.025 Line-6 39.73 3.55 0.17 1.22 252.50 7.75 0.69 90.00 0.94 0.061 48.00 0.020 Line-7 38.33 4.52 1.75 288.40 9.92 0.69 90.00 0.70 0.104 37.67 0.008 Line-8 36.17 3.38 1.58 274.50 10.25 0.75 0.71 0.049 41.20 0.008 Line-9 42.13 5.67 0.25 1.88 348.50 8.50 0.60 90.00 0.77 0.100 40.80 0.012 Line-10 31.77 3.31 1.73 358.00 14.03 0.81 0.80 0.061 49.86 0.007 Line-11 33.47 2.65 1.00 521.39 17.52 0.87 0.92 0.063 43.00 0.016 Line-12 42.37 5.12 0.13 0.90 71.50 2.05 0.29 90.00 0.39 0.183 47.40 0.023 Line-13 42.27 6.86 0.19 0.90 160.13 5.38 0.44 81.60 0.88 0.149 64.80 0.012 Line-14 36.77 3.11 0.22 1.43 376.67 11.00 0.78 90.00 0.13 0.022 52.60 0.012 Line-15 40.63 3.74 0.83 105.00 2.56 0.41 0.20 0.442 32.00 0.026 Table 16. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 12) measured in Barley accessions (line) under drought growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 17 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions under drought and recovery conditions Corr. ID/ Line 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Line-1 80.60 77.52 2.07 21.67 0.087 16.70 4.20 17.72 8.64 11.68 8.33 Line-2 53.40 60.19 1.48 20.33 0.123 16.85 4.36 24.24 9.07 9.04 8.67 Line-3 55.87 27.13 1.12 22.00 0.001 13.27 7.60 18.20 7.82 10.92 7.33 Line-4 18.62 1.87 24.00 0.010 13.55 8.44 18.00 7.32 10.16 7.67 Line-5 43.21 117.42 1.67 20.67 0.037 14.19 4.92 19.50 8.74 10.32 6.67 Line-6 69.78 70.72 1.68 18.33 0.072 15.64 3.43 15.00 7.62 8.78 6.67 Line-7 45.49 37.34 1.62 21.00 0.013 15.66 6.90 23.40 6.98 13.00 7.67 Line-8 76.51 25.56 0.85 20.33 0.003 17.49 5.80 28.16 8.05 7.44 6.67 Line-9 87.41 66.18 1.45 21.67 0.063 16.00 8.55 21.96 6.06 13.92 6.00 Line-10 22.13 1.38 19.67 0.035 18.31 9.67 33.03 6.73 11.00 8.67 Line-11 41.12 0.82 16.67 0.050 17.42 5.42 34.80 9.55 6.78 7.67 Line-12 58.32 116.95 0.58 17.00 0.004 14.23 3.05 11.73 7.84 8.45 6.33 Line-13 80.58 84.10 0.63 15.17 0.072 14.81 4.07 18.78 7.81 9.15 7.00 Line-14 73.09 37.46 1.07 27.00 0.025 16.54 3.72 21.00 8.35 5.12 7.00 Line-15 98.86 0.70 15.00 0.063 12.72 3.21 9.88 5.47 16.13 6.67 Table 17. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 12) measured in Barley accessions (line) under drought growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 18 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) for maintenance of performance under drought conditions Corr. ID/ Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Line-1 0.98 0.61 0.93 0.60 0.12 0.08 0.54 0.00 0.51 1.55 Line-2 0.72 0.45 0.71 0.50 0.22 0.17 0.79 1.12 0.61 0.97 Line-3 1.30 0.59 0.00 0.47 0.11 0.06 0.58 1.30 0.67 1.12 Line-4 1.06 0.67 0.00 0.68 0.19 0.14 0.75 0.00 0.72 0.56 Line-5 1.03 0.41 0.00 0.46 0.17 0.15 0.70 1.00 0.61 1.72 Line-6 0.95 0.54 0.65 0.47 0.21 0.14 0.77 1.06 0.59 1.97 Line-7 0.82 0.75 0.00 0.58 0.22 0.15 0.75 1.37 0.70 0.67 Line-8 0.93 0.65 0.92 0.62 0.24 0.20 0.83 1.22 0.63 0.96 Line-9 0.93 0.77 1.01 0.74 0.25 0.14 0.67 0.00 0.66 1.14 Line-10 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.58 0.47 0.92 0.87 1.08 Line-11 0.94 0.68 0.00 0.81 0.43 0.32 0.93 0.86 1.38 Line-12 0.96 0.42 0.94 0.72 0.10 0.07 0.41 1.20 0.64 1.84 Line-13 1.01 0.65 0.00 0.37 0.10 0.07 0.50 1.00 0.79 1.31 Line-14 0.93 0.52 0.70 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.87 0.56 2.06 Line-15 1.03 0.46 0.00 0.43 0.32 0.82 0.51 1.46 Table 18. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 13) measured in Barley accessions (line) for maintenance of performance under drought (calculated as % of change under drought vs. normal growth conditions). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 19 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) for maintenance of performance under drought conditions Corr. ID/ Line 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 Line-1 0.78 0.94 1.10 0.66 0.83 0.73 0.16 0.75 1.87 1.87 1.09 Line-2 0.58 0.44 1.00 0.74 0.82 0.96 0.23 0.77 1.57 1.57 0.74 Line-3 0.90 0.66 1.02 1.16 0.86 1.11 0.19 0.68 1.72 1.72 0.79 Line-4 0.00 0.37 1.67 0.78 0.77 1.30 0.23 0.67 1.80 1.80 0.88 Line-5 0.65 0.71 0.80 0.76 0.78 0.83 0.25 0.87 1.60 1.60 0.71 Line-6 0.56 1.06 0.81 0.76 0.94 0.62 0.18 0.66 1.61 1.61 0.65 Line-7 0.78 0.50 1.13 0.68 0.83 0.87 0.23 0.75 1.63 1.63 0.85 Line-8 0.83 0.62 0.34 0.77 0.89 1.12 0.34 0.74 1.59 1.59 0.77 Line-9 0.50 0.88 0.85 1.12 0.78 1.09 0.22 0.74 1.75 1.75 0.58 Line-10 0.87 0.58 0.56 0.94 1.09 0.68 0.86 1.33 1.33 0.96 Line-11 0.00 0.94 0.07 0.42 0.88 0.92 0.55 0.85 1.62 1.62 0.88 Line-12 0.00 0.77 1.06 0.82 0.77 0.49 0.18 0.79 1.33 1.33 0.95 Line-13 0.78 0.85 0.30 0.43 0.86 0.65 0.18 0.72 1.40 1.40 0.78 Line-14 0.55 1.06 0.44 0.71 0.97 0.99 0.27 0.72 1.22 1.22 0.66 Line-15 0.68 0.93 0.80 0.78 0.52 0.25 0.88 1.96 1.96 0.87 Table 19. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 13) measured in Barley accessions (line) for maintenance of performance under drought (calculated as % of change under drought vs. normal growth conditions). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 20 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under low nitrogen and normal conditions (set 1) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  3 8.00 8.00 7.50 8.50 10.00 11.50 8.60 6.33 7.50 10.00  6 102.90 107.78 111.57 142.42 152.38 149.33 124.08 95.00 124.12 135.17  7 5.25 5.17 5.12 5.30 5.20 5.33 5.32 5.10 5.15 5.10  8 5.00 6.00 4.33 6.00 6.33 6.00 6.67 4.67 5.67 7.33  9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 41.00 82.00 61.40 59.40 65.80 47.80 53.80 56.40 81.80 44.60 16 16.33 18.83 17.33 26.00 22.50 18.17 19.67 19.83 19.17 19.17 19 0.38 0.23 0.12 0.40 0.88 0.50 0.43 0.32 0.30 0.55 20 24.67 21.67 22.00 21.67 22.17 23.00 30.50 22.83 23.83 24.50 22 24.03 23.30 26.47 23.90 26.63 23.20 25.43 24.23 25.03 26.07 24 230.20 164.60 88.25 133.60 106.00 222.60 219.20 143.45 201.80 125.00 25 9.76 7.31 3.30 5.06 6.02 9.74 7.35 5.80 7.83 6.29 26 46.37 19.81 10.84 22.58 30.30 54.13 36.98 42.04 35.37 38.25 31 15.19 19.61 16.30 19.32 90.22 16.44 20.44 18.84 18.77 16.65 32 7.95 8.13 9.43 4.94 9.60 7.16 7.06 8.51 10.01 9.40 33 13.74 13.44 9.15 11.64 11.34 15.06 12.18 10.95 12.18 10.62 35 39.40 46.27 51.51 57.07 67.78 64.15 52.42 46.15 68.02 57.91 36 12.20 9.00 11.60 25.00 7.80 14.50 15.00 7.00 5.40 8.40 37 16.20 14.60 16.00 20.75 12.50 18.80 21.20 11.00 6.75 14.00 38 0.43 0.43 0.33 0.58 0.78 0.53 0.45 0.43 0.50 0.62 Table 20. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 14) measured in Barley accessions (line) under low N and normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 21 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under normal conditions (set 1) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  1 7.00 8.67 8.33 9.67 10.70 9.67 9.67 8.67 10.00 9.67  2 294.0 199.0 273.0 276.0 313.0 309.0 259.0 291.0 299.0 296.0  4 502.0 348.0 499.0 594.0 535.0 551.0 479.0 399.0 384.0 470.0  5 5.77 5.45 5.80 6.03 4.63 5.33 5.83 5.43 5.75 6.03 10 24.2 18.2 22.7 25.5 23.2 28.3 22.2 19.0 17.3 22.0 11 1090.0 510.0 242.0 582.0 621.0 1070.0 903.0 950.0 984.0 768.0 12 41.5 32.0 36.0 71.4 34.2 45.6 49.8 28.0 19.3 38.0 13 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.33 2.33 3.33 2.33 1.33 1.33 1.67 14 64.7 84.0 67.4 82.0 72.0 56.6 65.8 62.8 91.6 66.2 17 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.35 0.62 0.27 0.35 0.32 0.23 0.27 18 21.30 15.00 21.80 20.30 27.20 16.00 24.00 13.50 21.50 15.20 21 39.10 41.40 35.20 33.70 34.20 42.80 37.00 36.90 35.00 36.80 23 46.4 19.8 10.8 22.6 30.3 54.1 37.0 42.0 35.4 38.3 27 2.17 1.90 1.25 3.00 15.60 3.02 2.58 1.75 2.18 1.82 28 16.5 19.2 18.3 20.4 17.2 19.1 20.3 21.7 16.5 16.1 29 9.54 9.05 8.25 6.55 10.50 8.83 7.38 10.40 10.20 10.30 30 69.40 39.40 34.90 50.30 60.80 79.10 62.70 60.00 55.90 59.70 34 46.7 41.6 40.0 48.8 34.6 48.6 49.2 29.0 27.5 38.8 Table 21. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 15) measured in Barley accessions (line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 22 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under normal conditions (set 2) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2.239 2.243 2.182 2.047 2.083 2.028 2.247 1.878  2 0.246 0.241 0.238 0.232 0.237 0.248 0.244 0.218  3 0.887 0.874 0.863 0.796 0.825 0.778 0.901 0.717  4 0.352 0.350 0.350 0.369 0.365 0.406 0.346 0.387  5 0.398 0.156 1.010 0.793 0.413 0.987 0.665 0.614  6 683.4 510.5 1093.5 767.6 621.0 1069.0 987.8 903.2  7 6.65 3.96 9.27 7.65 6.06 10.83 7.94 7.40  8 33.24 19.81 46.37 38.25 30.30 54.13 39.69 36.98  9 76.40 84.00 64.67 66.20 72.00 56.60 68.00 65.80 10 118.30 150.68 86.28 85.19 120.31 90.70 40.58 90.51 11 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.8 6.0 2.0 12 69.84 39.86 69.40 59.72 60.83 79.12 63.50 62.74 13 38.60 32.00 41.50 38.00 34.20 45.60 30.00 49.80 14 44.25 41.60 46.67 38.80 34.60 48.60 32.40 55.20 15 89.20 99.65 45.79 49.39 74.32 55.11 47.29 60.32 16 82.30 77.75 86.69 94.23 89.74 93.73 89.49 90.27 17 1.48 0.64 0.84 0.82 1.15 0.69 1.26 0.72 Table 22. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 15) measured in Barley accessions (line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 23 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under normal conditions (set 2) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  1 2.094 2.028 2.018 1.984 1.688 1.979 1.891  2 0.232 0.223 0.235 0.213 0.177 0.191 0.174  3 0.823 0.794 0.797 0.799 0.650 0.824 0.773  4 0.359 0.356 0.374 0.337 0.346 0.294 0.287  5 0.282 1.037 0.116 0.859 0.576 0.050 0.079  6 581.8 904.4 242.4 928.4 984.2 157.7 263.3  7 4.52 8.41 2.00 8.05 7.07 0.75 1.14  8 22.58 39.68 10.84 40.26 35.37 3.73 5.68  9 82.00 62.80 67.40 76.20 91.60 44.00 52.75 10 92.59 63.95 286.63 95.79 34.04 121.27 206.75 11 2.0 5.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.7 4.0 12 50.30 59.95 34.92 60.08 55.88 16.93 21.70 13 71.40 28.00 36.00 27.60 23.60 54.67 48.00 14 50.60 29.00 40.00 28.50 27.50 26.00 15 88.01 38.89 97.71 48.33 62.52 57.97 72.78 16 91.21 92.50 91.73 85.31 17 1.17 0.71 0.38 0.51 2.16 0.67 0.39 Table 23. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 15) measured in Barley accessions (line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 24 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under low nitrogen conditions (set 2) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  1 2.28 2.33 2.28 2.08 2.13 1.96 2.09  2 0.250 0.251 0.255 0.235 0.249 0.227 0.227  3 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.82 0.86 0.76 0.83  4 0.351 0.346 0.349 0.364 0.366 0.381 0.347  5 0.39 0.42 1.25 0.69 0.43 0.87 0.77  6 153.2 164.6 230.2 125.0 100.0 222.6 159.4  7 1.34 1.46 1.95 1.26 1.13 1.95 1.28  8 6.68 7.31 9.76 6.29 5.67 9.74 6.40  9 75.20 82.00 41.00 44.60 65.80 47.80 60.60 10 39.91 26.24 17.31 32.91 33.87 83.84 29.65 11 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 6.0 12 11.40 13.44 13.74 10.62 11.34 15.06 11.64 13 10.80 9.00 12.20 8.40 7.80 14.50 8.40 14 16.00 14.60 16.20 14.00 12.50 18.80 11.60 15 17.42 17.76 8.25 7.28 13.25 11.32 8.95 16 68.68 61.85 76.94 59.63 65.63 79.84 73.85 17 0.69 1.08 0.77 0.38 0.83 0.42 0.28 Table 24. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 15) measured in Barley accessions (line) under low N growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 25 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in Barley accessions) under low nitrogen conditions (set 2) Line/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Corr. ID 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  1 1.88 2.19 1.88 2.03 2.11 1.77 2.00 1.90  2 0.205 0.235 0.201 0.222 0.234 0.193 0.190 0.170  3 0.73 0.86 0.73 0.81 0.85 0.68 0.81 0.79  4 0.355 0.345 0.349 0.348 0.348 0.360 0.295 0.275  5 0.53 0.34 0.87 0.15 0.58 0.76 0.05 0.07  6 219.2 133.6 134.4 88.3 174.3 201.8 86.7 61.6  7 1.47 0.98 1.16 0.92 1.33 1.57 0.29 0.22  8 7.35 5.06 5.43 4.62 6.67 7.83 1.44 1.12  9 53.80 59.40 56.40 61.40 65.60 81.80 69.00 57.40 10 37.21 44.38 14.46 41.54 23.75 20.87 49.69 54.02 11 2.0 2.0 5.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 2.0 12 12.18 11.64 8.76 9.15 12.42 12.18 5.68 5.04 13 15.00 25.00 7.00 11.60 7.60 5.40 16.40 12.00 14 21.20 23.50 11.00 16.00 10.75 6.75 35.00 15 14.18 15.68 6.42 55.92 11.54 10.88 58.92 17.05 16 71.01 95.83 64.87 68.75 74.24 81.40 37.14 17 0.57 0.60 0.55 2.88 1.36 0.89 2.49 0.40 Table 25. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above in Table 15) measured in Barley accessions (line) under low N growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 26 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought stress conditions across Barley accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY18 0.73 1.00E−01 1 23 LBY18 0.70 5.29E−02 3 11 LBY18 0.79 2.04E−02 3 12 LBY18 0.77 4.21E−02 2 23 LBY18 0.82 1.32E−02 5 11 LBY18 0.80 1.75E−02 5 14 LBY19 0.82 1.19E−02 3 19 LBY19 0.75 5.33E−02 2 7 LBY19 0.75 5.10E−02 2 21 LBY19 0.82 2.51E−02 2 5 LBY19 0.83 2.12E−02 2 6 LBY19 0.71 7.32E−02 2 9 LBY19 0.77 4.11E−02 2 12 LBY19 0.74 5.55E−02 2 20 LBY20 0.75 8.51E−02 1 7 LBY20 0.89 1.89E−02 1 11 LBY20 0.89 1.78E−02 1 18 LBY20 0.71 1.15E−01 1 5 LBY20 0.79 6.03E−02 1 6 LBY20 0.86 2.77E−02 1 20 LBY20 0.91 4.26E−03 2 23 LBY21 0.74 9.14E−02 1 11 LBY21 0.78 6.50E−02 1 20 LBY21 0.75 1.94E−02 6 4 LBY22 0.88 4.03E−03 3 19 LBY22 0.84 1.87E−02 2 11 LBY22 0.72 6.63E−02 2 23 LBY22 0.74 5.84E−02 2 20 LBY22 0.76 1.66E−02 4 19 LBY23 0.90 1.56E−02 1 11 LBY23 0.80 5.62E−02 1 18 LBY23 0.91 1.09E−02 1 5 LBY23 0.82 4.70E−02 1 6 LBY23 0.75 8.69E−02 1 20 LBY23 0.83 2.12E−02 2 12 LBY23 0.75 4.98E−02 2 14 LBY24 0.82 4.61E−02 1 11 LBY24 0.77 7.62E−02 1 16 LBY24 0.74 8.98E−02 1 18 LBY24 0.76 7.93E−02 1 1 LBY24 0.72 1.06E−01 1 20 LBY24 0.76 1.81E−02 6 7 LBY24 0.80 1.01E−02 6 5 LBY24 0.81 7.77E−03 6 6 LBY24 0.72 2.75E−02 6 20 LBY24 0.81 5.18E−02 5 8 LBY24 0.80 9.03E−03 4 19 LBY24 0.80 9.83E−03 4 22 LBY24 0.71 3.05E−02 4 4 LBY25 0.76 7.88E−02 5 13 LBY26 0.82 4.74E−02 1 11 LBY26 0.82 4.40E−02 1 18 LBY26 0.70 1.20E−01 1 6 LBY26 0.95 3.89E−03 1 12 LBY26 0.83 4.04E−02 1 2 LBY26 0.93 6.61E−03 1 14 LBY26 0.77 7.07E−02 1 20 LBY26 0.76 4.81E−02 2 5 LBY26 0.75 4.99E−02 2 12 LBY26 0.75 5.45E−02 2 14 LBY26 0.71 4.76E−02 5 19 LBY26 0.77 7.38E−02 5 8 LBY26 0.80 1.73E−02 5 4 LBY26 0.84 4.32E−03 4 22 LBY26 0.80 9.77E−03 4 4 LBY26 0.74 2.27E−02 4 15 LBY27 0.92 1.01E−02 1 21 LBY27 0.78 3.87E−02 3 13 LBY27 0.75 5.29E−02 6 8 LBY28 0.79 6.17E−02 1 11 LBY28 0.80 5.60E−02 1 23 LBY28 0.77 7.31E−02 1 6 LBY28 0.73 9.69E−02 1 20 LBY28 0.82 1.34E−02 3 19 LBY28 0.76 2.86E−02 3 7 LBY28 0.83 2.22E−02 2 11 LBY28 0.77 2.68E−02 5 19 LBY28 0.83 5.45E−03 4 19 LBY28 0.75 1.89E−02 4 22 LBY29 0.72 1.10E−01 1 17 LBY29 0.72 4.59E−02 3 19 LBY29 0.73 2.52E−02 6 1 LBY29 0.80 3.08E−02 2 11 LBY29 0.80 3.11E−02 2 23 LBY30 0.87 2.34E−02 1 16 LBY30 0.75 8.62E−02 1 9 LBY30 0.77 7.08E−02 1 1 LBY30 0.75 3.10E−02 3 21 LBY30 0.78 1.30E−02 6 7 LBY30 0.87 2.10E−03 6 5 LBY30 0.90 9.76E−04 6 6 LBY30 0.91 5.90E−04 6 20 LBY30 0.80 3.14E−02 2 16 LBY30 0.81 2.64E−02 2 1 LBY31 0.85 7.08E−03 3 4 LBY31 0.75 2.03E−02 6 7 LBY31 0.88 1.74E−03 6 5 LBY31 0.89 1.41E−03 6 6 LBY31 0.84 1.87E−02 6 8 LBY31 0.74 2.29E−02 6 20 LBY31 0.75 5.39E−02 2 5 LBY31 0.95 1.31E−03 2 12 LBY31 0.80 1.63E−02 5 17 LBY31 0.77 1.62E−02 4 19 LBY32 0.71 4.86E−02 3 20 LBY32 0.85 1.61E−02 2 21 LBY32 0.85 1.58E−02 4 8 LGN42 0.80 5.78E−02 1 7 LGN42 0.79 6.30E−02 1 18 LGN42 0.75 8.76E−02 1 20 LGN42 0.86 6.55E−03 3 21 LGN42 0.71 3.31E−02 6 5 LGN42 0.71 3.13E−02 6 6 LGN42 0.83 1.07E−02 5 11 LGN42 0.73 3.93E−02 5 14 LGN42 0.77 4.47E−02 4 13 LGN43 0.74 9.43E−02 1 21 LGN43 0.86 2.70E−02 1 23 LGN43 0.81 4.93E−02 1 17 LGN43 0.82 1.34E−02 3 21 LGN43 0.74 2.25E−02 6 19 LGN43 0.76 4.63E−02 2 16 LGN44 0.92 1.02E−02 1 12 LGN44 0.87 2.37E−02 1 2 LGN44 0.92 8.31E−03 1 14 LGN44 0.77 2.62E−02 3 12 LGN44 0.71 3.34E−02 4 21 LGN45 0.79 1.19E−02 6 15 LGN45 0.95 8.48E−04 2 16 LGN45 0.71 7.10E−02 2 1 LGN46 0.90 1.32E−02 1 12 LGN46 0.88 2.20E−02 1 2 LGN46 0.92 8.53E−03 1 14 LGN46 0.72 4.39E−02 3 19 LGN46 0.79 1.98E−02 3 5 LGN46 0.86 1.24E−02 3 8 LGN46 0.73 3.86E−02 3 20 LGN46 0.81 2.88E−02 2 2 LGN46 0.89 6.58E−03 2 14 LGN46 0.73 2.43E−02 4 19 LGN47 0.83 4.18E−02 1 16 LGN47 0.82 1.20E−02 3 20 LGN47 0.75 2.07E−02 6 14 LGN47 0.73 2.66E−02 6 1 LGN47 0.71 7.40E−02 2 7 LGN47 0.87 1.16E−02 2 21 LGN47 0.74 5.78E−02 2 5 LGN47 0.77 4.14E−02 2 6 LGN47 0.71 7.14E−02 2 17 LGN47 0.85 1.45E−02 2 12 LGN47 0.83 1.97E−02 2 20 LGN47 0.73 4.03E−02 5 10 LGN47 0.77 7.12E−02 5 13 LGN47 0.76 2.91E−02 5 2 LGN47 0.97 4.74E−05 5 14 LGN47 0.73 3.92E−02 5 1 LGN47 0.85 1.64E−02 4 13 LGN47 0.80 1.00E−02 4 14 LGN47 0.93 3.28E−04 4 1 LGN48 0.72 4.35E−02 3 18 LGN48 0.72 4.29E−02 3 6 LGN48 0.87 5.41E−03 3 20 LGN48 0.74 5.87E−02 2 21 LGN48 0.83 4.06E−02 5 13 Table 26 Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 12. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 9. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 27 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance of maintenance of performance under drought conditions across Barley accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY1 0.78 6.96E−02 1 15 LBY1 0.92 1.31E−03 3 15 LBY1 0.89 7.36E−03 2 16 LBY18 0.85 3.23E−02 1 1 LBY18 0.95 3.79E−03 1 14 LBY18 0.77 2.63E−02 3 10 LBY19 0.77 2.60E−02 3 16 LBY19 0.74 5.55E−02 2 9 LBY19 0.70 7.88E−02 2 18 LBY19 0.78 2.17E−02 5 1 LBY20 0.79 5.90E−02 1 6 LBY20 0.79 6.23E−02 1 17 LBY20 0.78 6.89E−02 1 5 LBY20 0.73 9.86E−02 1 18 LBY20 0.79 5.92E−02 1 7 LBY20 0.73 6.22E−02 2 6 LBY20 0.73 6.40E−02 2 17 LBY20 0.73 6.33E−02 2 15 LBY20 0.83 1.96E−02 2 20 LBY20 0.70 7.89E−02 2 9 LBY20 0.77 2.50E−02 5 6 LBY20 0.71 4.90E−02 5 17 LBY20 0.78 2.28E−02 5 5 LBY21 0.83 4.21E−02 1 6 LBY21 0.90 1.51E−02 1 17 LBY21 0.94 5.11E−03 1 15 LBY21 0.79 6.41E−02 1 5 LBY21 0.74 9.34E−02 1 9 LBY21 0.78 6.99E−02 1 18 LBY21 0.93 6.84E−04 3 15 LBY21 0.90 6.41E−03 2 16 LBY21 0.74 3.64E−02 5 5 LBY21 0.77 2.48E−02 5 12 LBY22 0.79 1.95E−02 3 2 LBY22 0.90 5.10E−03 2 6 LBY22 0.89 8.08E−03 2 17 LBY22 0.92 3.00E−03 2 5 LBY22 0.87 9.93E−03 2 9 LBY22 0.88 9.01E−03 2 18 LBY22 0.81 1.48E−02 5 15 LBY22 0.77 1.49E−02 4 6 LBY22 0.73 2.43E−02 4 17 LBY22 0.76 1.78E−02 4 5 LBY23 0.80 5.42E−02 1 6 LBY23 0.74 9.18E−02 1 17 LBY23 0.88 2.12E−02 1 5 LBY23 0.88 2.11E−02 1 18 LBY23 0.89 1.70E−02 1 2 LBY23 0.75 8.32E−02 1 12 LBY23 0.83 2.22E−02 3 4 LBY23 0.72 1.04E−01 2 4 LBY23 0.85 7.72E−03 5 1 LBY24 0.72 1.07E−01 1 17 LBY24 0.80 5.62E−02 1 19 LBY24 0.83 3.95E−02 1 13 LBY24 0.74 3.62E−02 3 14 LBY24 0.73 4.01E−02 3 13 LBY24 0.77 4.45E−02 6 8 LBY24 0.75 2.09E−02 6 7 LBY24 0.88 2.23E−02 2 11 LBY24 0.79 1.89E−02 5 19 LBY24 0.74 2.36E−02 4 2 LBY25 0.73 4.10E−02 5 12 LBY26 0.70 1.21E−01 1 6 LBY26 0.72 1.06E−01 1 7 LBY26 0.80 1.61E−02 3 15 LBY26 0.74 3.77E−02 3 14 LBY26 0.71 3.31E−02 6 13 LBY26 0.84 1.83E−02 2 16 LBY26 0.86 1.25E−02 2 12 LBY26 0.80 1.81E−02 5 6 LBY26 0.80 1.83E−02 5 5 LBY26 0.82 2.37E−02 5 4 LBY26 0.71 5.07E−02 5 2 LBY26 0.85 3.87E−03 4 19 LBY26 0.70 5.13E−02 4 4 LBY26 0.71 3.11E−02 4 3 LBY27 0.85 7.44E−03 5 1 LBY28 0.89 1.78E−02 1 6 LBY28 0.87 2.53E−02 1 17 LBY28 0.90 1.57E−02 1 5 LBY28 0.93 7.37E−03 1 9 LBY28 0.88 2.10E−02 1 18 LBY28 0.70 1.19E−01 1 7 LBY28 0.79 2.04E−02 3 6 LBY28 0.81 1.55E−02 3 17 LBY28 0.83 1.05E−02 3 5 LBY28 0.71 4.70E−02 3 2 LBY28 0.82 2.47E−02 2 6 LBY28 0.75 5.02E−02 2 17 LBY28 0.80 3.20E−02 2 5 LBY28 0.77 1.58E−02 4 2 LBY29 0.71 1.14E−01 1 15 LBY29 0.76 2.94E−02 3 17 LBY29 0.88 9.55E−03 2 6 LBY29 0.83 1.97E−02 2 17 LBY29 0.73 6.16E−02 2 15 LBY29 0.86 1.37E−02 2 5 LBY29 0.77 4.23E−02 2 9 LBY29 0.79 3.55E−02 2 18 LBY29 0.78 2.36E−02 5 15 LBY29 0.76 1.65E−02 4 10 LBY29 0.74 2.20E−02 4 1 LBY30 0.81 5.04E−02 1 16 LBY30 0.73 9.66E−02 1 19 LBY30 0.76 2.91E−02 3 3 LBY30 0.74 2.20E−02 6 6 LBY30 0.82 6.23E−03 6 17 LBY30 0.77 1.52E−02 6 5 LBY30 0.71 4.75E−02 6 4 LBY30 0.82 6.84E−03 6 9 LBY30 0.80 8.90E−03 6 18 LBY30 0.71 3.11E−02 6 7 LBY30 0.76 4.88E−02 2 19 LBY30 0.86 1.26E−02 2 14 LBY30 0.90 2.17E−03 5 1 LBY30 0.86 6.48E−03 5 3 LBY31 0.72 1.06E−01 1 9 LBY31 0.81 2.73E−02 3 4 LBY31 0.74 5.67E−02 2 10 LBY31 0.73 4.10E−02 5 6 LBY31 0.81 1.46E−02 5 17 LBY31 0.76 2.74E−02 5 5 LBY32 0.83 4.19E−02 1 16 LBY32 0.86 2.84E−02 1 1 LBY32 0.81 1.56E−02 3 6 LBY32 0.87 4.91E−03 3 17 LBY32 0.75 3.23E−02 3 5 LBY32 0.75 3.23E−02 3 18 LBY32 0.71 5.01E−02 5 6 LBY32 0.77 2.46E−02 5 10 LBY32 0.72 4.51E−02 5 17 LBY32 0.72 4.19E−02 5 15 LBY32 0.75 3.06E−02 5 5 LBY32 0.89 3.29E−03 5 12 LGN42 0.80 5.73E−02 1 7 LGN43 0.81 4.85E−02 1 16 LGN43 0.88 1.93E−02 1 20 LGN43 0.74 2.29E−02 6 16 LGN43 0.89 6.74E−03 2 1 LGN43 0.73 2.67E−02 4 15 LGN44 0.73 9.79E−02 1 3 LGN44 0.86 5.94E−03 3 10 LGN44 0.82 1.20E−02 3 12 LGN44 0.75 2.04E−02 6 9 LGN44 0.82 2.34E−02 2 19 LGN44 0.81 1.42E−02 5 1 LGN45 0.75 5.31E−02 2 16 LGN45 0.72 6.72E−02 2 14 LGN45 0.76 4.90E−02 2 13 LGN46 0.77 7.35E−02 1 12 LGN46 0.85 6.91E−03 3 6 LGN46 0.91 1.91E−03 3 17 LGN46 0.86 6.03E−03 3 5 LGN46 0.74 5.74E−02 3 4 LGN46 0.76 2.73E−02 3 2 LGN46 0.74 2.35E−02 6 10 LGN46 0.82 6.62E−03 6 15 LGN46 0.75 5.38E−02 6 8 LGN46 0.85 8.19E−03 5 1 LGN46 0.78 1.35E−02 4 2 LGN47 0.74 9.16E−02 1 19 LGN47 0.77 7.20E−02 1 13 LGN47 0.92 1.16E−03 3 6 LGN47 0.97 9.54E−05 3 17 LGN47 0.89 2.94E−03 3 5 LGN47 0.83 9.98E−03 3 18 LGN47 0.76 4.68E−02 2 6 LGN47 0.86 1.20E−02 2 10 LGN47 0.87 1.16E−02 2 17 LGN47 0.72 6.78E−02 2 15 LGN47 0.77 4.37E−02 2 5 LGN47 0.85 1.48E−02 2 9 LGN47 0.82 2.37E−02 2 18 LGN47 0.70 7.79E−02 2 7 LGN47 0.75 5.21E−02 2 12 LGN48 0.92 1.30E−03 3 6 LGN48 0.96 1.83E−04 3 17 LGN48 0.89 2.83E−03 3 5 LGN48 0.88 3.88E−03 3 18 Table 27. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 13. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 9. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 28 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal and low nitrogen growth conditions across Barley accessions (set 1) Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY1 0.71 3.15E−02 2 34 LBY1 0.70 3.44E−02 2 11 LBY18 0.77 2.51E−02 4 28 LBY18 0.71 3.32E−02 2 18 LBY18 0.90 1.05E−03 2 27 LBY18 0.86 3.24E−03 2 17 LBY19 0.70 2.36E−02 5 19 LBY19 0.83 3.14E−03 5 38 LBY19 0.72 2.90E−02 2 27 LBY19 0.78 1.30E−02 3 31 LBY19 0.80 9.83E−03 3 19 LBY19 0.89 1.28E−03 3 38 LBY19 0.85 4.12E−03 3 6 LBY19 0.71 3.25E−02 3 16 LBY20 0.71 3.15E−02 1 32 LBY21 0.83 5.99E−03 3 24 LBY21 0.73 2.69E−02 3 25 LBY21 0.82 6.55E−03 3 33 LBY22 0.74 3.63E−02 4 10 LBY22 0.85 3.54E−03 2 27 LBY22 0.87 2.26E−03 2 17 LBY23 0.79 1.20E−02 1 31 LBY23 0.81 8.03E−03 1 19 LBY23 0.80 9.98E−03 1 35 LBY23 0.87 2.05E−03 1 38 LBY23 0.78 1.26E−02 1 6 LBY23 0.92 4.36E−04 2 27 LBY23 0.84 4.29E−03 2 17 LBY24 0.77 2.63E−02 6 28 LBY24 0.73 4.06E−02 6 27 LBY24 0.77 2.56E−02 6 17 LBY24 0.73 2.67E−02 1 7 LBY24 0.71 5.06E−02 4 12 LBY24 0.74 1.42E−02 5 8 LBY24 0.80 5.91E−03 5 20 LBY25 0.88 1.81E−03 2 21 LBY26 0.71 3.17E−02 1 20 LBY26 0.82 7.15E−03 2 28 LBY26 0.80 9.94E−03 3 16 LBY27 0.73 4.17E−02 6 21 LBY27 0.81 1.59E−02 6 27 LBY27 0.97 6.16E−05 6 13 LBY27 0.70 2.40E−02 5 8 LBY27 0.74 1.38E−02 5 20 LBY27 0.90 8.31E−04 2 21 LBY27 0.82 6.71E−03 3 3 LBY27 0.78 1.26E−02 3 8 LBY28 0.76 2.89E−02 6 18 LBY28 0.86 1.35E−03 5 7 LBY28 0.75 1.31E−02 5 24 LBY28 0.70 2.36E−02 5 33 LBY28 0.99 1.21E−06 2 27 LBY28 0.93 3.28E−04 2 17 LBY28 0.85 3.52E−03 3 7 LBY28 0.78 1.38E−02 3 20 LBY29 0.70 2.31E−02 5 19 LBY29 0.93 2.63E−04 3 31 LBY29 0.86 3.19E−03 3 19 LBY29 0.72 2.74E−02 3 3 LBY29 0.82 7.14E−03 3 38 LBY30 0.80 1.81E−02 4 12 LBY30 0.71 2.12E−02 5 7 LBY30 0.77 1.60E−02 3 32 LBY31 0.81 1.44E−02 6 17 LBY31 0.79 7.10E−03 5 36 LBY32 0.72 4.35E−02 6 34 LBY32 0.74 3.75E−02 6 10 LBY32 0.70 5.14E−02 6 27 LBY32 0.85 8.13E−03 6 13 LBY32 0.83 5.58E−03 2 21 LGN42 0.75 1.32E−02 5 24 LGN42 0.73 1.67E−02 5 25 LGN43 0.79 1.93E−02 6 21 LGN43 0.81 1.50E−02 6 13 LGN43 0.88 1.66E−03 1 32 LGN43 0.70 3.41E−02 2 29 LGN43 0.86 3.26E−03 2 27 LGN43 0.81 8.55E−03 2 17 LGN43 0.87 2.05E−03 3 31 LGN43 0.78 1.37E−02 3 38 LGN44 0.76 1.14E−02 5 8 LGN44 0.72 2.92E−02 2 18 LGN44 0.97 1.76E−05 2 27 LGN44 0.94 1.29E−04 2 17 LGN45 0.71 4.90E−02 4 21 LGN46 0.79 2.04E−02 6 17 LGN46 0.88 1.77E−03 1 31 LGN46 0.84 4.20E−03 1 19 LGN46 0.86 3.14E−03 1 38 LGN46 0.80 1.67E−02 4 18 LGN46 0.84 2.44E−03 5 3 LGN46 0.74 2.24E−02 2 14 LGN46 0.75 2.09E−02 3 35 LGN46 0.79 1.17E−02 3 38 LGN47 0.94 4.33E−04 6 12 LGN47 0.72 4.30E−02 6 18 LGN47 0.77 2.68E−02 6 4 LGN47 0.78 2.28E−02 6 17 LGN47 1.00 3.30E−09 1 31 LGN47 0.79 1.08E−02 1 19 LGN47 0.76 1.78E−02 1 38 LGN47 0.72 2.86E−02 1 36 LGN47 0.84 4.27E−03 1 16 LGN47 0.73 4.11E−02 4 10 LGN47 0.83 1.15E−02 4 30 LGN47 0.91 1.52E−03 4 13 LGN47 0.74 3.45E−02 4 23 LGN47 0.82 3.71E−03 5 36 LGN47 0.80 9.17E−03 2 34 LGN47 0.90 9.98E−04 2 12 LGN47 0.70 3.45E−02 2 10 LGN47 0.71 3.16E−02 2 14 LGN47 0.73 2.51E−02 2 13 LGN47 0.83 5.37E−03 3 36 LGN47 0.75 1.97E−02 3 16 LGN48 0.80 5.58E−03 5 7 LGN48 0.72 1.84E−02 5 37 LGN48 0.81 8.00E−03 3 19 LGN48 0.72 2.86E−02 3 3 LGN48 0.75 2.08E−02 3 38 Table 28. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified Table 14. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 10. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 29 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen and normal growth conditions across Barley accessions (set 2) Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY1 0.77 9.07E−03 5 14 LBY1 0.73 1.68E−02 5 13 LBY18 0.81 4.82E−03 1 13 LBY18 0.76 1.10E−02 1 16 LBY19 0.71 2.06E−02 5 17 LBY19 0.77 9.36E−03 4 17 LBY20 0.80 5.61E−03 6 13 LBY21 0.70 2.35E−02 5 14 LBY21 0.74 1.46E−02 5 13 LBY21 0.74 1.53E−02 1 17 LBY22 0.81 4.84E−03 5 17 LBY23 0.74 1.51E−02 2 4 LBY24 0.71 2.12E−02 2 9 LBY25 0.71 2.26E−02 2 6 LBY26 0.74 1.52E−02 3 1 LBY26 0.80 5.88E−03 4 1 LBY26 0.78 7.38E−03 4 3 LBY27 0.81 4.78E−03 5 17 LBY32 0.81 4.28E−03 5 17 LGN42 0.76 1.07E−02 5 9 LGN42 0.73 1.58E−02 1 11 LGN43 0.75 1.24E−02 2 9 LGN43 0.70 2.38E−02 3 1 LGN44 0.76 1.09E−02 3 13 LGN44 0.74 1.36E−02 4 15 LGN45 0.72 1.96E−02 2 5 LGN45 0.74 1.35E−02 3 2 LGN45 0.72 1.82E−02 3 3 LGN46 0.83 3.08E−03 3 5 LGN47 0.74 1.38E−02 3 14 LGN47 0.81 4.94E−03 5 17 LGN48 0.93 1.22E−04 2 6 LGN48 0.72 2.00E−02 2 5 LGN48 0.74 1.51E−02 2 7 LGN48 0.73 1.72E−02 2 8 LGN48 0.80 5.51E−03 3 13 LGN48 0.78 8.39E−03 3 16 LGN48 0.79 6.04E−03 5 17 Table 29. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 15. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 11 (Exp. Set 1, 3, 5 under low N growth conditions. Exp. Set 2, 4, 6 under normal growth conditions). “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 5 Production of Arabidopsis Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis of Yield, Biomass and/or Vigor Related Parameters Using 44K Arabidopsis Full Genome Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

To produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized an Arabidopsis thaliana oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 40,000 A. thaliana genes and transcripts designed based on data from the TIGR ATH1 v.5 database and Arabidopsis MPSS (University of Delaware) databases. To define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield, biomass components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 15 different Arabidopsis ecotypes were analyzed. Among them, nine ecotypes encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Analyzed Arabidopsis tissues—Five tissues at different developmental stages including root, leaf, flower at anthesis, seed at 5 days after flowering (DAF) and seed at 12 DAF, representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described as described hereinabove under “GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL AND BIOINFORMATICS METHODS”. For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 30 below.

TABLE 30 Tissues used for Arabidopsis transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Leaf 1 Root 2 Seed 5 DAF 3 Flower 4 Seed 12 DAF 5 Table 30: Provided are the identification (ID) digits of each of the Arabidopsis expression sets (1-5). DAF = days after flowering.

Yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Eight out of the nine Arabidopsis ecotypes were used in each of 5 repetitive blocks (named A, B, C, D and E), each containing 20 plants per plot. The plants were grown in a greenhouse at controlled conditions in 22° C., and the N:P:K [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)] fertilizer (20:20:20; weight ratios) was added. During this time data was collected, documented and analyzed. Additional data was collected through the seedling stage of plants grown in a tissue culture in vertical grown transparent agar plates. Most of chosen parameters were analyzed by digital imaging.

Digital imaging in Tissue culture (seedling assay)—A laboratory image acquisition system was used for capturing images of plantlets sawn in square agar plates. The image acquisition system consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached to a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which included 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) and located in a darkroom.

Digital imaging in Greenhouse—The image capturing process was repeated every 3-4 days starting at day 7 till day 30. The same camera attached to a 24 mm focal length lens (Canon EF series), placed in a custom made iron mount, was used for capturing images of larger plants sawn in white tubs in an environmental controlled greenhouse. The white tubs were square shape with measurements of 36×26.2 cm and 7.5 cm deep. During the capture process, the tubs were placed beneath the iron mount, while avoiding direct sun light and casting of shadows. This process was repeated every 3-4 days for up to 30 days.

An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 6 Mega Pixels (3072×2048 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Leaf analysis—Using the digital analysis leaves data was calculated, including leaf number, area, perimeter, length and width. On day 30, 3-4 representative plants were chosen from each plot of blocks A, B and C. The plants were dissected, each leaf was separated and was introduced between two glass trays, a photo of each plant was taken and the various parameters (such as leaf total area, laminar length etc.) were calculated from the images. The blade circularity was calculated as laminar width divided by laminar length.

Root analysis—During 17 days, the different ecotypes were grown in transparent agar plates. The plates were photographed every 3 days starting at day 7 in the photography room and the roots development was documented (see examples in FIGS. 3A-3F). The growth rate of root coverage was calculated according to Formula XXVIII above.

Vegetative growth rate analysis—was calculated according to Formula VII above. The analysis was ended with the appearance of overlapping plants.

For comparison between ecotypes the calculated rate was normalized using plant developmental stage as represented by the number of true leaves. In cases where plants with 8 leaves had been sampled twice (for example at day 10 and day 13), only the largest sample was chosen and added to the Anova comparison.

Seeds in siliques analysis—On day 70, 15-17 siliques were collected from each plot in blocks D and E. The chosen siliques were light brown color but still intact. The siliques were opened in the photography room and the seeds were scatter on a glass tray, a high resolution digital picture was taken for each plot. Using the images the number of seeds per silique was determined.

Seeds average weight—At the end of the experiment all seeds from plots of blocks A-C were collected. An average weight of 0.02 grams was measured from each sample, the seeds were scattered on a glass tray and a picture was taken. Using the digital analysis, the number of seeds in each sample was calculated.

Oil percentage in seeds—At the end of the experiment all seeds from plots of blocks A-C were collected. Columbia seeds from 3 plots were mixed grounded and then mounted onto the extraction chamber. 210 ml of n-Hexane (Cat No. 080951 Biolab Ltd.) were used as the solvent. The extraction was performed for 30 hours at medium heat 50° C. Once the extraction has ended the n-Hexane was evaporated using the evaporator at 35° C. and vacuum conditions. The process was repeated twice. The information gained from the Soxhlet extractor (Soxhlet, F. Die gewichtsanalytische Bestimmung des Milchfettes, Polytechnisches J. (Dingler's) 1879, 232, 461) was used to create a calibration curve for the Low Resonance NMR. The content of oil of all seed samples was determined using the Low Resonance NMR (MARAN Ultra-Oxford Instrument) and its MultiQuant software package.

Silique length analysis—On day 50 from sowing, 30 siliques from different plants in each plot were sampled in block A. The chosen siliques were green-yellow in color and were collected from the bottom parts of a grown plant's stem. A digital photograph was taken to determine silique's length.

Dry weight and seed yield—On day 80 from sowing, the plants from blocks A-C were harvested and left to dry at 30° C. in a drying chamber. The vegetative portion above ground was separated from the seeds. The total weight of the vegetative portion above ground and the seed weight of each plot were measured and divided by the number of plants.

Dry weight (vegetative biomass)=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 30° C. in a drying chamber; all the above ground biomass that is not yield.

Seed yield per plant=total seed weight per plant (gr).

Oil yield—The oil yield was calculated using Formula XXIX above.

Harvest Index (seed)—The harvest index was calculated using Formula XV (described above).

Experimental Results

Nine different Arabidopsis ecotypes were grown and characterized for 18 parameters (named as vectors).

TABLE 31 Arabidopsis correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Blade circularity (cm) 1 Dry matter per plant (gr) 2 Harvest Index (value) 3 Lamina length (cm) 4 Lamina width (cm) 5 Leaf width/length (ratio) 6 Oil % per seed (percent) 7 Oil yield per plant (mg) 8 Seeds per silique (number) 9 Silique length (cm) 10 Total Leaf Area per plant (cm²) 11 Vegetative growth rate (cm²/day) 12 Until leaves were in overlap Fresh weight (gr) (at bolting stage) 13 Relative root growth (cm/day) 14 in early seedling stages Root length day 13 (cm) 15 Root length day 7 (cm) 16 1000 Seed weight (gr) 17 Seed yield per plant (gr) 18 Table 31. Provided are the Arabidopsis correlated parameters (correlation ID Nos. 1-18). Abbreviations: Cm = centimeter(s); gr = gram(s); mg = milligram(s).

The characterized values are summarized in Table 32. Correlation analysis is provided in Table 52 below.

TABLE 32 Measured parameters in Arabidopsis ecotypes Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  1 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.37 0.50 0.38 0.39 0.49 0.41  2 0.64 1.27 1.05 1.28 1.69 1.34 0.81 1.21 1.35  3 0.53 0.35 0.56 0.33 0.37 0.32 0.45 0.51 0.41  4 2.77 3.54 3.27 3.78 3.69 4.60 3.88 3.72 4.15  5 1.38 1.70 1.46 1.37 1.83 1.65 1.51 1.82 1.67  6 0.35 0.29 0.32 0.26 0.36 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.31  7 34.42 31.19 38.05 27.76 35.49 32.91 31.56 30.79 34.02  8 118.63 138.73 224.06 116.26 218.27 142.11 114.15 190.06 187.62  9 45.44 53.47 58.47 35.27 48 .56 37.00 39.38 40.53 25.53 10 1.06 1.26 1.31 1.47 1.24 1.09 1.18 1.18 1.00 11 46.86 109.89 58.36 56.80 114.66 110.82 88.49 121.79 93.04 12 0.31 0.38 0.48 0.47 0.43 0.64 0.43 0.38 0.47 13 1.51 3.61 1.94 2.08 3.56 4.34 3.47 3.48 3.71 14 0.63 0.66 1.18 1.09 0.91 0.77 0.61 0.70 0.78 15 4.42 8.53 5.62 4.83 5.96 6.37 5.65 7.06 7.04 16 0.94 1.76 0.70 0.73 0.99 1.16 1.28 1.41 1.25 17 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 18 0.34 0.44 0.59 0.42 0.61 0.43 0.36 0.62 0.55 Table 32. Provided are the values of each of the parameters measured in Arabidopsis ecotypes.

TABLE 33 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Arabidopsis accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY16 0.82 1.37E−02 5 4 LBY16 0.72 4.38E−02 5 12 LBY16 0.76 2.78E−02 1 18 LBY16 0.86 6.45E−03 1 7 LBY16 0.87 4.99E−03 1 8 LBY17 0.78 2.22E−02 2 17 LBY17 0.79 2.04E−02 2 14 LBY17 0.73 3.98E−02 1 1 Table 33. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologues in tissues [leaf, flower, seed and root; Expression sets (Exp)] and the phenotypic performance in various yield, biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components [Correlation vector (corr.)] under normal conditions across Arabidopsis accessions. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 31. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 30. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 6 Production of Sorghum Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with ABST Related Parameters Using 44K Sorghum Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a sorghum oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 44,000 sorghum genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with ABST, yield and NUE components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 17 different sorghum hybrids were analyzed. Among them, 10 hybrids encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

I. Correlation of Sorghum Varieties Across Ecotypes Grown Under Regular Growth Conditions, Severe Drought Conditions and Low Nitrogen Conditions

Experimental Procedures

17 Sorghum varieties were grown in 3 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

1. Regular growth conditions: Sorghum plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols (370,000 liter per dunam (1000 square meters), fertilization of 14 units of nitrogen per dunam entire growth period).

2. Drought conditions: Sorghum seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition until around 35 days from sowing, around stage V8 (eight green leaves are fully expanded, booting not started yet). At this point, irrigation was stopped, and severe drought stress was developed.

3. Low Nitrogen fertilization conditions: Sorghum plants were fertilized with 50% less amount of nitrogen in the field than the amount of nitrogen applied in the regular growth treatment. All the fertilizer was applied before flowering.

Analyzed Sorghum tissues—All 10 selected Sorghum hybrids were sampled per each treatment. Tissues [Flag leaf, Flower meristem and Flower] from plants growing under normal conditions, severe drought stress and low nitrogen conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 34 below.

TABLE 34 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Flag leaf at flowering stage under 1 drought growth conditions Flag leaf at flowering stage under 2 low nitrogen growth conditions Flag leaf at flowering stage under 3 normal growth conditions Flower meristem at flowering stage 4 under drought growth conditions Flower meristem at flowering stage 5 under low nitrogen growth conditions Flower meristem at flowering stage 6 under normal growth conditions Flower at flowering stage under 7 drought growth conditions Flower at flowering stage under low 8 nitrogen growth conditions Flower at flowering stage under 9 normal growth conditions Table 34: Provided are the sorghum transcriptome expression sets 1-9. Flag leaf = the leaf below the flower; Flower meristem = Apical meristem following panicle initiation; Flower = the flower at the anthesis day. Expression sets 3, 6, and 9 are from plants grown under normal conditions; Expression sets 2, 5 and 8 are from plants grown under Nitrogen-limiting conditions; Expression sets 1, 4 and 7 are from plants grown under drought conditions.

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the Plant ‘Head’ and the following parameters were measured and collected:

Average Grain Area (cm²)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Upper and Lower Ratio Average of Grain Area, width, length, diameter and perimeter—Grain projection of area, width, diameter and perimeter were extracted from the digital images using open source package imagej (nih). Seed data was analyzed in plot average levels as follows:

Average of all seeds;

Average of upper 20% fraction—contained upper 20% fraction of seeds;

Average of lower 20% fraction—contained lower 20% fraction of seeds;

Further on, ratio between each fraction and the plot average was calculated for each of the data parameters.

At the end of the growing period 5 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system.

(i) Head Average Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 5 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The ‘Head’ area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

(ii) Head Average Length (cm)—At the end of the growing period 5 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The ‘Head’ length (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

(iii) Head Average width (cm)—At the end of the growing period 5 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The ‘Head’ width was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

(iv) Head Average perimeter (cm)—At the end of the growing period 5 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The ‘Head’ perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 5 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

Total Grain Weight/Head (gr.) (grain yield)—At the end of the experiment (plant ‘Heads’) heads from plots within blocks A-C were collected. 5 heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted, all additional heads were threshed together and weighted as well. The average grain weight per head was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by number of total heads per plot (based on plot). In case of 5 heads, the total grains weight of 5 heads was divided by 5.

FW Head/Plant gram—At the end of the experiment (when heads were harvested) total and 5 selected heads per plots within blocks A-C were collected separately. The heads (total and 5) were weighted (gr.) separately and the average fresh weight per plant was calculated for total (FW Head/Plant gr. based on plot) and for 5 (FW Head/Plant gr. based on 5 plants) plants.

Plant height—Plants were characterized for height during growing period at 5 time points. In each measure, plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest leaf.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Vegetative fresh weight and Heads—At the end of the experiment (when Inflorescence were dry) all Inflorescence and vegetative material from plots within blocks A-C were collected. The biomass and Heads weight of each plot was separated, measured and divided by the number of Heads.

Plant biomass (Fresh weight)—At the end of the experiment (when Inflorescence were dry) the vegetative material from plots within blocks A-C were collected. The plants biomass without the Inflorescence were measured and divided by the number of Plants.

FW Heads/(FW Heads+FW Plants)—The total fresh weight of heads and their respective plant biomass were measured at the harvest day. The heads weight was divided by the sum of weights of heads and plants.

Experimental Results

17 different sorghum varieties were grown and characterized for different parameters: The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 36-37) and a subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets (Table 34) and the average parameters, was conducted (Table 38). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 35 Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Average Grain Area (cm²), Drought 1 Average Grain Area (cm²), Low N 2 Average Grain Area (cm²), Normal 3 FW-Head/Plant (gr) (based on plot), Drought 4 FW-Head/Plant (gr.) (based on plot), Low N 5 FW-Head/Plant (gr.) (based on plot), Normal 6 FW-Head/Plant (gr.) (based on 5 plants), Low N 7 FW-Head/Plant (gr.) (based on 5 plants), Normal 8 FW Heads/(FW Heads + FW Plants) 9 (all plot), Drought FW Heads/(FW Heads + FW Plants) 10 (all plot), Low N FW Heads/(FW Heads + FW Plants) 11 (all plot), Normal FW/Plant (gr) (based on plot), Drought 12 FW/Plant (gr.) (based on plot), Low N 13 FW/Plant (gr.) (based on plot), Normal 14 Final Plant Height (cm), Drought 15 Final Plant Height (cm), Low N 16 Final Plant Height (cm), Normal 17 Head Average Area (cm²), Drought 18 Head Average Area (cm²), Low N 19 Head Average Area (cm²), Normal 20 Head Average Length (cm), Drought 21 Head Average Length (cm), Low N 22 Head Average Length (cm), Normal 23 Head Average Perimeter (cm), Drought 24 Head Average Perimeter (cm), Low N 25 Head Average Perimeter (cm), Normal 26 Head Average Width (cm), Drought 27 Head Average Width (cm), Low N 28 Head Average Width (cm), Normal 29 Leaf SPAD 64 DPS (Days Post Sowing), Drought 30 Leaf SPAD 64 DPS (Days Post Sowing), Low N 31 Leaf SPAD 64 DPS (Days Post Sowing), Normal 32 Lower Ratio Average Grain Area (value), Low N 33 Lower Ratio Average Grain Area (value), Normal 34 Lower Ratio Average Grain Length (value), 35 Low N Lower Ratio Average Grain Length (value), 36 Normal Lower Ratio Average Grain Perimeter (value), 37 Low N Lower Ratio Average Grain Perimeter, (value) 38 Normal Lower Ratio Average Grain Width (value), 39 Low N Lower Ratio Average Grain Width (value), 40 Normal Total grain weight/Head (based on plot) 41 (gr.), Low N Total grain weight/Head (gr.) (based on 5 heads), 42 Low N Total grain weight/Head (gr.) (based on 5 heads), 43 Normal Total grain weight/Head (gr.) (based on plot), 44 Normal Total grain weight/Head (gr.) (based on plot), 45 Drought Upper Ratio Average Grain Area, 46 Drought (value) Upper Ratio Average Grain Area (value), 47 Low N Upper Ratio Average Grain Area (value), 48 Normal [Grain Yield + plant biomass/SPAD 64 DPS] 49 (gr.), Normal [Grain Yield + plant biomass/SPAD 64 DPS] 50 (gr.), Low N [Grain yield/SPAD 64 DPS] (gr.), Low N 51 [Grain yield/SPAD 64 DPS] (gr.), Normal 52 [Plant biomass (FW)/SPAD 64 DPS] (gr) 53 Drought [Plant biomass (FW)/SPAD 64 DPS] (gr.), 54 Low N [Plant biomass (FW)/SPAD 64 DPS] (gr.), 55 Normal Table 35. Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors). “gr.” = grams; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “normal” = standard growth conditions.

TABLE 36 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  1 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.11  2 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12  3 0.105 0.112 0.131 0.129 0.139 0.141 0.110 0.113 0.102  4 154.90 122.02 130.51 241.11 69.03 186.41 62.11 39.02 58.94  5 214.78 205.05 73.49 122.96 153.07 93.23 134.11 77.43 129.63  6 175.15 223.49 56.40 111.62 67.34 66.90 126.18 107.74 123.86  7 388.00 428.67 297.67 280.00 208.33 303.67 436.00 376.33 474.67  8 406.50 518.00 148.00 423.00 92.00 101.33 423.50 386.50 409.50  9 0.42 0.47 0.42 0.37 0.23 0.31 0.41 0.44 0.40 10 0.51 0.51 0.17 0.39 0.21 0.19 0.48 0.37 0.42 11 0.51 0.51 0.12 0.26 0.12 0.18 0.46 0.43 0.42 12 207.99 138.02 255.41 402.22 233.55 391.75 89.31 50.61 87.02 13 204.78 199.64 340.51 240.60 537.78 359.40 149.20 129.06 178.71 14 162.56 212.59 334.83 313.46 462.28 318.26 151.13 137.60 167.98 15 89.40 75.73 92.10 94.30 150.80 110.73 99.20 84.00 99.00 16 104.00 80.93 204.73 125.40 225.40 208.07 121.40 100.27 121.13 17 95.25 79.20 197.85 234.20 189.40 194.67 117.25 92.80 112.65 18 83.14 107.79 88.68 135.91 90.76 123.95 86.06 85.20 113.10 19 96.24 214.72 98.59 182.83 119.64 110.19 172.36 84.81 156.25 20 120.14 167.60 85.14 157.26 104.00 102.48 168.54 109.32 135.13 21 21.63 21.94 21.57 22.01 20.99 28.60 21.35 20.81 24.68 22 23.22 25.58 20.93 28.43 24.32 22.63 32.11 20.38 26.69 23 25.58 26.84 21.02 26.84 23.14 21.82 31.33 23.18 25.70 24 52.78 64.49 56.59 64.37 53.21 71.66 55.61 52.96 69.83 25 56.32 79.20 53.25 76.21 67.27 59.49 79.28 51.52 69.88 26 61.22 67.90 56.26 65.38 67.46 67.46 74.35 56.16 61.64 27 4.83 6.31 5.16 7.78 5.28 5.49 5.04 5.07 5.77 28 5.26 10.41 5.93 8.25 6.19 6.12 6.80 5.25 7.52 29 5.97 7.92 4.87 7.43 5.58 5.88 6.78 5.99 6.62 30 40.58 40.88 45.01 42.30 45.24 40.56 44.80 45.07 40.65 31 38.33 38.98 42.33 40.90 43.15 39.85 42.68 43.31 39.01 32 43.01 . 43.26 44.74 45.76 41.61 45.21 45.14 43.03 33 0.82 0.77 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.83 0.79 0.81 34 0.825 0.740 0.778 0.802 0.697 0.699 0.827 0.805 0.841 35 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.90 36 0.914 0.884 0.921 0.908 0.890 0.877 0.913 0.903 0.920 37 0.90 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.90 38 0.91 0.87 0.91 0.95 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92 39 0.90 0.85 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.87 0.91 0.89 0.90 40 0.91 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.79 0.80 0.90 0.89 0.91 41 25.95 30.57 19.37 35.62 25.18 22.18 49.96 27.48 51.12 42 50.27 50.93 36.13 73.10 37.87 36.40 71.67 35.00 76.73 43 47.40 46.30 28.37 70.40 32.15 49.23 63.45 44.45 56.65 44 31.12 26.35 18.72 38.38 26.67 28.84 47.67 31.00 39.99 45 22.11 16.77 9.19 104.44 3.24 22.00 9.97 18.58 29.27 46 1.31 1.19 1.29 1.46 1.21 1.21 47 1.18 1.31 1.11 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.23 1.17 48 1.22 1.30 1.13 1.14 1.16 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.25 49 4.50 8.17 7.87 10.68 8.34 4.40 3.74 4.83 3.67 50 6.02 5.91 8.50 6.75 13.05 9.58 4.67 3.61 5.89 51 0.68 0.78 0.46 0.87 0.58 0.56 1.17 0.63 1.31 52 3.78 7.74 7.01 10.10 7.65 3.34 3.05 3.90 2.83 53 5.13 3.38 5.67 9.51 5.16 9.66 1.99 1.12 2.14 54 5.34 5.12 8.05 5.88 12.46 9.02 3.50 2.98 4.58 55 0.72 0.43 0.86 0.58 0.69 1.05 0.69 0.93 0.84 Table 36: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (ecotype) under normal, low nitrogen and drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 37 Additional measured parameters in Sorghum accessions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 Line-15 Line-16 Line-17  2 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11  3 0.118 0.121 0.111 0.117 0.108 0.105 0.110 0.105  4 76.37 33.47 42.20 41.53 131.67 60.84 44.33 185.44  5 99.83 76.95 84.25 92.24 138.83 113.32 95.50 129.49  6 102.75 82.33 77.59 91.17 150.44 109.10 107.58 130.88  7 437.67 383.00 375.00 425.00 434.00 408.67 378.50 432.00  8 328.95 391.00 435.75 429.50 441.00 415.75 429.50 428.50  9 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.35 0.35 0.23 0.33 10 0.44 0.43 0.39 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.42 11 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.51 0.46 0.44 0.39 12 120.43 37.21 48.18 44.20 231.60 116.01 123.08 342.50 13 124.27 101.33 132.12 117.90 176.99 143.67 126.98 180.45 14 128.97 97.62 99.32 112.24 157.42 130.55 135.66 209.21 15 92.20 81.93 98.80 86.47 99.60 83.00 83.53 92.30 16 94.53 110.00 115.07 104.73 173.67 115.60 138.80 144.40 17 97.50 98.00 100.00 105.60 151.15 117.10 124.45 126.50 18 100.79 80.41 126.89 86.41 92.29 77.89 76.93 19 136.71 137.70 96.54 158.19 163.95 138.39 135.46 165.64 20 169.03 156.10 112.14 154.74 171.70 168.51 162. 51 170.46 21 24.28 21.95 24.98 19.49 20.42 16.81 18.88 22 26.31 25.43 23.11 27.87 28.88 27.64 25.52 30.33 23 28.82 28.13 22.97 28.09 30.00 30.54 27.17 29.26 24 65.14 55.27 69.06 53.32 56.29 49.12 51.88 25 66.17 67.37 57.90 70.61 73.76 66.87 65.40 75.97 26 71.40 68.56 56.44 67.79 71.54 78.94 67.03 74.11 27 5.37 4.66 6.35 5.58 5.76 5.86 5.10 28 6.59 6.85 5.32 7.25 7.19 6.27 6.57 6.82 29 7.42 6.98 6.19 7.02 7.18 7.00 7.39 7.35 30 45.43 42.58 44.18 44.60 42.41 43.25 40.30 40.75 31 42.71 40.08 43.98 45.44 44.75 42.58 43.81 46.73 32 45.59 44.83 45.33 46.54 43.99 45.09 45.14 43.13 33 0.77 0.74 0.80 0.79 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.81 34 0.788 0.765 0.803 0.806 0.821 0.814 0.818 0.817 35 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.90 36 0.923 0.893 0.913 0.907 0.911 0.904 0.903 0.913 37 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.90 38 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.91 39 0.86 0.84 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.90 40 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.90 41 36.84 29.45 26.70 29.42 51.12 37.04 39.85 41.78 42 57.58 42.93 36.47 68.60 71.80 49.27 43.87 52.07 43 60.00 45.45 58.19 70.60 70.10 53.95 59.87 52.65 44 38.36 32.10 32.69 32.79 51.53 35.71 38.31 42.44 45 10.45 14.77 12.86 18.24 11.60 18.65 16.36 46 47 1.22 1.24 1.19 1.23 1.16 1.34 1.21 1.21 48 1.24 1.32 1.22 1.18 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.22 49 2.89 2.91 3.12 4.75 3.69 3.85 5.84 50 3.77 3.26 3.61 3.24 5.10 4.25 3.81 4.76 51 0.86 0.73 0.61 0.65 1.14 0.87 0.91 0.89 52 2.18 2.19 2.41 3.58 2.90 3.01 4.85 53 2.65 0.87 1.09 0.99 5.46 2.68 3.05 8.40 54 2.91 2.53 3.00 2.60 3.96 3.38 2.90 3.86 55 0.72 0.72 0.70 1.17 0.79 0.85 0.98 Table 37: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (ecotype) under normal, low nitrogen and drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 38 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen, normal or drought stress conditions across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY14 0.72 1.91E−02 6 17 LBY14 0.80 5.97E−03 6 44 LBY14 0.74 1.41E−02 2 47 LBY14 0.83 2.89E−03 4 53 LBY14 0.73 1.74E−02 4 4 LBY14 0.83 2.86E−03 4 12 LBY14 0.79 6.98E−03 5 5 LBY14 0.83 3.07E−03 5 50 LBY14 0.79 6.21E−03 5 54 LBY14 0.89 6.00E−04 5 13 LBY148 0.71 2.02E−02 6 52 LBY148 0.70 2.30E−02 6 49 LBY148 0.73 1.58E−02 6 3 LBY148 0.77 9.54E−03 2 47 LBY148 0.73 1.70E−02 5 2 LBY149 0.72 2.82E−02 4 18 LBY149 0.72 2.83E−02 4 24 LBY149 0.73 2.69E−02 4 21 LBY149 0.78 7.48E−03 5 5 LBY149 0.71 2.10E−02 5 50 LBY149 0.77 9.23E−03 5 10 LBY149 0.70 2.35E−02 5 13 LBY150 0.80 5.82E−03 5 2 LBY150 0.71 3.06E−02 3 55 LBY150 0.75 1.32E−02 1 53 LBY150 0.74 1.40E−02 1 12 LBY151 0.73 1.61E−02 8 5 LBY151 0.84 2.25E−03 8 50 LBY151 0.77 9.57E−03 8 54 LBY151 0.73 1.60E−02 8 35 LBY151 0.81 4.63E−03 8 13 LBY151 0.95 1.08E−04 3 52 LBY151 0.82 3.54E−03 3 6 LBY151 0.92 3.92E−04 3 49 LBY151 0.84 2.50E−03 3 8 LBY152 0.81 4.52E−03 2 16 LBY152 0.78 7.77E−03 8 31 LBY152 0.81 4.63E−03 3 17 LBY152 0.78 7.80E−03 3 44 LBY153 0.84 2.15E−03 9 17 LBY153 0.71 2.03E−02 9 40 LBY153 0.74 1.48E−02 9 38 LBY153 0.84 2.36E−03 9 44 LBY153 0.74 1.34E−02 9 34 LBY153 0.83 2.75E−03 4 53 LBY153 0.72 1.83E−02 4 4 LBY153 0.83 2.73E−03 4 12 LBY153 0.74 1.45E−02 7 15 LBY154 0.79 6.58E−03 6 17 LBY154 0.71 2.11E−02 6 23 LBY154 0.79 6.33E−03 6 44 LBY154 0.80 5.44E−03 2 16 LBY154 0.74 2.28E−02 4 18 LBY154 0.75 2.10E−02 4 27 LBY154 0.73 1.59E−02 4 53 LBY154 0.72 2.84E−02 4 24 LBY154 0.74 1.39E−02 4 12 LBY154 0.72 1.86E−02 5 50 LBY154 0.72 1.92E−02 5 13 LBY155 0.75 1.31E−02 6 3 LBY156 0.89 4.92E−04 6 52 LBY156 0.70 2.33E−02 6 14 LBY156 0.90 4.08E−04 6 49 LBY156 0.80 5.60E−03 2 31 LBY156 0.88 1.63E−03 7 18 LBY156 0.72 2.77E−02 7 27 LBY156 0.80 9.08E−03 7 24 LBY156 0.77 1.61E−02 7 21 LBY157 0.72 1.81E−02 6 6 LBY157 0.76 1.13E−02 2 47 LBY158 0.87 1.09E−03 4 53 LBY158 0.87 9.17E−04 4 4 LBY158 0.87 1.01E−03 4 12 LBY159 0.74 1.53E−02 7 9 LBY159 0.76 1.65E−02 1 18 LBY159 0.74 1.53E−02 1 15 LBY160 0.79 6.72E−03 6 48 LBY160 0.85 1.70E−03 6 3 LBY160 0.72 1.78E−02 5 2 LBY161 0.92 1.65E−04 4 53 LBY161 0.84 2.25E−03 4 4 LBY161 0.92 1.73E−04 4 12 LBY161 0.91 2.66E−04 8 35 LBY161 0.70 2.31E−02 8 42 LBY161 0.71 2.22E−02 8 37 LBY161 0.86 1.51E−03 5 5 LBY161 0.89 5.33E−04 5 50 LBY161 0.88 7.10E−04 5 54 LBY161 0.91 2.41E−04 5 13 LBY161 0.76 1.03E−02 1 53 LBY161 0.81 4.72E−03 1 4 LBY161 0.77 8.76E−03 1 12 LBY162 0.71 2.06E−02 6 3 LBY162 0.73 1.73E−02 2 31 LBY162 0.77 9.20E−03 8 37 LBY162 0.91 2.88E−04 3 32 LBY162 0.72 1.85E−02 3 40 LBY162 0.77 1.52E−02 3 55 LBY162 0.80 5.47E−03 3 38 LBY162 0.73 1.69E−02 3 36 LBY163 0.76 1.79E−02 3 52 LBY163 0.74 2.41E−02 3 49 LBY163 0.78 8.21E−03 3 8 LBY164 0.89 6.23E−04 4 53 LBY164 0.83 3.15E−03 4 4 LBY164 0.90 4.03E−04 4 12 LBY164 0.76 1.11E−02 8 47 LBY164 0.73 1.76E−02 8 28 LBY165 0.81 4.65E−03 6 3 LBY165 0.76 1.08E−02 5 2 LBY165 0.88 1.74E−03 3 52 LBY165 0.88 1.57E−03 3 49 LBY166 0.75 1.31E−02 2 41 LBY166 0.78 7.83E−03 2 42 LBY166 0.72 1.96E−02 2 51 LBY166 0.74 1.40E−02 2 16 LBY166 0.71 2.16E−02 8 16 LBY166 0.80 9.36E−03 3 52 LBY166 0.85 2.03E−03 3 6 LBY166 0.73 1.67E−02 3 14 LBY166 0.78 1.37E−02 3 49 LBY166 0.78 7.40E−03 3 8 LBY167 0.77 8.71E−03 6 3 LBY167 0.72 1.89E−02 9 17 LBY167 0.70 3.53E−02 4 27 LBY167 0.78 1.24E−02 3 52 LBY167 0.72 2.86E−02 3 49 LBY167 0.87 1.21E−03 3 8 LBY168 0.84 2.56E−03 6 6 LBY168 0.81 4.40E−03 6 14 LBY168 0.76 9.94E−03 2 7 LBY168 0.84 2.16E−03 2 41 LBY168 0.84 2.20E−03 2 22 LBY168 0.83 3.03E−03 2 51 LBY168 0.77 1.50E−02 7 21 LBY170 0.77 8.79E−03 6 52 LBY170 0.73 1.58E−02 6 49 LBY170 0.74 1.47E−02 6 8 LBY171 0.70 2.39E−02 6 11 LBY171 0.77 8.75E−03 2 47 LBY171 0.90 4.10E−04 4 53 LBY171 0.84 2.20E−03 4 4 LBY171 0.89 5.28E−04 4 12 LBY171 0.84 2.61E−03 5 5 LBY171 0.82 3.36E−03 5 50 LBY171 0.82 4.06E−03 5 54 LBY171 0.84 2.13E−03 5 13 LBY173 0.77 9.12E−03 2 41 LBY173 0.72 2.01E−02 2 51 LBY173 0.78 7.72E−03 2 37 LBY173 0.76 1.05E−02 2 16 LBY174 0.74 1.46E−02 6 17 LBY174 0.74 1.36E−02 6 11 LBY174 0.75 1.22E−02 6 44 LBY174 0.87 1.06E−03 2 41 LBY174 0.70 2.40E−02 2 35 LBY174 0.71 2.12E−02 2 42 LBY174 0.86 1.36E−03 2 51 LBY174 0.80 5.02E−03 2 37 LBY174 0.75 1.30E−02 2 16 LBY174 0.87 9.84E−04 5 5 LBY174 0.87 9.19E−04 5 50 LBY174 0.81 4.20E−03 5 54 LBY174 0.82 3.95E−03 5 10 LBY174 0.80 5.46E−03 5 35 LBY174 0.84 2.36E−03 5 13 LBY174 0.90 8.09E−04 3 52 LBY174 0.72 2.00E−02 3 6 LBY174 0.88 1.78E−03 3 49 LBY174 0.80 5.36E−03 3 8 LBY175 0.73 2.44E−02 4 18 LBY175 0.72 2.74E−02 4 21 LBY176 0.70 3.46E−02 3 52 LBY176 0.89 4.94E−04 3 6 LBY177 0.87 1.07E−03 6 17 LBY177 0.73 1.59E−02 6 40 LBY177 0.86 1.39E−03 6 44 LBY177 0.71 2.07E−02 6 43 LBY177 0.71 2.16E−02 6 36 LBY177 0.78 7.48E−03 6 34 LBY177 0.70 2.39E−02 8 2 LBY177 0.79 6.60E−03 5 33 LBY177 0.74 1.49E−02 5 39 LBY178 0.76 1.09E−02 6 40 LBY178 0.75 1.22E−02 6 55 LBY178 0.72 1.98E−02 6 43 LBY178 0.81 4.70E−03 9 14 LBY178 0.77 9.03E−03 2 33 LBY178 0.91 2.45E−04 2 41 LBY178 0.73 1.68E−02 2 39 LBY178 0.70 2.28E−02 2 35 LBY178 0.87 9.72E−04 2 51 LBY178 0.79 7.09E−03 2 37 LBY178 0.91 2.35E−04 2 16 LBY178 0.83 2.91E−03 4 53 LBY178 0.73 1.72E−02 4 4 LBY178 0.83 2.88E−03 4 12 LBY178 0.72 1.87E−02 5 31 LBY178 0.76 9.95E−03 5 16 LBY178 0.86 3.24E−03 3 52 LBY178 0.81 4.72E−03 3 6 LBY178 0.84 4.57E−03 3 49 LBY178 0.73 1.71E−02 3 8 LBY179 0.76 1.08E−02 6 17 LBY179 0.70 2.34E−02 6 44 LBY179 0.92 1.95E−04 4 53 LBY179 0.83 2.91E−03 4 4 LBY179 0.91 2.08E−04 4 12 LBY179 0.70 2.32E−02 5 13 LBY180 0.73 1.68E−02 6 48 LBY180 0.75 1.17E−02 8 16 LBY181 0.77 8.50E−03 6 40 LBY181 0.73 1.60E−02 6 34 LBY181 0.76 1.78E−02 9 55 LBY181 0.74 2.38E−02 7 45 LBY182 0.72 1.97E−02 2 33 LBY182 0.72 1.92E−02 2 50 LBY182 0.90 4.10E−04 2 35 LBY182 0.77 9.14E−03 5 5 LBY182 0.80 5.92E−03 5 50 LBY182 0.79 6.98E−03 5 54 LBY182 0.74 1.41E−02 5 13 LBY182 0.79 6.72E−03 3 11 LBY182 0.94 5.85E−05 3 6 LBY183 0.71 2.12E−02 6 11 LBY183 0.74 1.51E−02 9 11 LBY183 0.76 1.13E−02 8 10 LBY183 0.73 1.62E−02 5 50 LBY183 0.73 1.74E−02 5 10 LBY183 0.72 1.90E−02 3 11 LBY186 0.80 5.01E−03 9 17 LBY186 0.84 2.54E−03 9 44 LBY186 0.77 9.83E−03 3 44 LBY188 0.81 4.23E−03 5 2 LBY189 0.75 1.28E−02 2 16 LBY189 0.74 1.45E−02 3 6 LBY191 0.74 1.39E−02 1 30 LBY192 0.74 1.35E−02 8 2 LBY192 0.78 7.83E−03 5 5 LBY192 0.71 2.20E−02 5 50 LBY192 0.74 1.42E−02 5 54 LBY192 0.71 2.06E−02 5 13 LGN3 0.82 3.99E−03 6 17 LGN3 0.78 7.76E−03 6 44 LGN3 0.84 4.41E−03 9 52 LGN3 0.83 5.83E−03 9 49 LGN3 0.79 7.06E−03 9 8 LGN3 0.91 2.59E−04 4 53 LGN3 0.84 2.38E−03 4 4 LGN3 0.92 1.64E−04 4 12 LGN3 0.74 1.35E−02 8 47 LGN4 0.81 4.25E−03 6 17 LGN4 0.77 9.90E−03 6 44 LGN4 0.70 3.52E−02 9 52 LGN4 0.71 3.11E−02 9 49 LGN4 0.80 5.52E−03 4 53 LGN4 0.74 1.35E−02 4 4 LGN4 0.82 3.99E−03 4 12 LGN5 0.70 2.37E−02 6 55 LGN5 0.86 1.27E−03 2 41 LGN5 0.76 1.05E−02 2 35 LGN5 0.87 9.62E−04 2 51 LGN5 0.85 1.75E−03 2 37 LGN5 0.72 1.78E−02 2 16 LGN5 0.79 6.72E−03 5 2 LGN5 0.73 1.56E−02 3 17 LGN5 0.73 1.58E−02 7 4 LGN5 0.78 1.26E−02 1 45 LGN54 0.70 2.31E−02 9 14 LGN54 0.81 4.13E−03 9 8 LGN57 0.85 1.73E−03 9 17 LGN57 0.79 6.65E−03 9 44 LGN57 0.75 1.23E−02 2 41 LGN57 0.80 5.40E−03 2 16 LGN57 0.83 3.06E−03 8 33 LGN57 0.86 1.38E−03 8 41 LGN57 0.71 2.15E−02 8 39 LGN57 0.82 3.75E−03 8 35 LGN57 0.84 2.09E−03 8 51 LGN57 0.86 1.42E−03 8 37 LGN57 0.78 8.45E−03 8 16 LGN57 0.74 2.26E−02 3 55 LGN57 0.81 4.59E−03 3 43 LGN6 0.78 7.30E−03 6 17 LGN6 0.84 2.54E−03 6 44 LGN6 0.70 2.40E−02 5 50 LGN6 0.70 2.38E−02 5 13 LGN6 0.85 3.72E−03 3 52 LGN6 0.88 1.83E−03 3 49 LGN6 0.71 2.08E−02 7 30 LGN7 0.75 1.33E−02 6 17 LGN7 0.70 2.40E−02 6 44 LGN7 0.70 2.40E−02 6 36 LGN7 0.76 1.07E−02 4 53 LGN7 0.76 1.04E−02 4 12 LGN7 0.71 2.23E−02 8 47 LGN7 0.76 1.14E−02 5 41 LGN7 0.75 1.25E−02 5 22 LGN7 0.71 2.15E−02 5 51 LGN7 0.70 3.57E−02 3 52 LGN7 0.88 7.09E−04 1 53 LGN7 0.85 1.97E−03 1 4 LGN7 0.89 5.78E−04 1 12 Table 38. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 35. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 34. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

II. Correlation of Sorghum Varieties Across Ecotype Grown Under Salinity Stress, Cold Stress, Low Nitrogen and Normal Conditions

Sorghum vigor related parameters under 100 mM NaCl and low temperature (10±2° C.)—Ten Sorghum varieties were grown in 3 repetitive plots, each containing 17 plants, at a net house under semi-hydroponics conditions. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows: Sorghum seeds were sown in trays filled with a mix of vermiculite and peat in a 1:1 ratio. Following germination, the trays were transferred to the high salinity solution (100 mM NaCl in addition to the Full Hogland solution at 28±2° C.), low temperature (10±2° C. in the presence of Full Hogland solution), low nitrogen (1.2 mM Nitrogen at 28±2° C.) or at Normal growth solution [Full Hogland solution at 28±2° C.].

Full Hogland solution consists of: KNO₃—0.808 grams/liter, MgSO₄—0.12 grams/liter, KH₂PO₄—0.172 grams/liter and 0.01% (volume/volume) of ‘Super coratin’ micro elements (Iron-EDDHA [ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)]—40.5 grams/liter; Mn—20.2 grams/liter; Zn 10.1 grams/liter; Co 1.5 grams/liter; and Mo 1.1 grams/liter), solution's pH should be 6.5-6.8].

All 10 selected varieties were sampled per each treatment. Two tissues [meristems and roots] growing at 100 mM NaCl, low temperature (10±2° C.), low nitrogen (1.2 mM Nitrogen) or under Normal conditions (full Hogland at a temperature between 28±2° C.) were sampled and RNA was extracted as described hereinabove under “GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL AND BIOINFORMATICS METHODS”.

TABLE 39 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID root at vegetative stage (V4-V5) 1 under cold conditions root vegetative stage (V4-V5) 2 under normal conditions root vegetative stage (V4-V5) 3 under low nitrogen conditions root vegetative stage (V4-V5) 4 under salinity conditions vegetative meristem at 5 vegetative stage (V4-V5) under cold conditions vegetative meristem at 6 vegetative stage (V4-V5) under low nitrogen conditions vegetative meristem at 7 vegetative stage (V4-V5) under salinity conditions vegetative meristem at 8 vegetative stage (V4-V5) under normal conditions Table 39: Provided are the Sorghum transcriptome expression sets. Cold conditions = 10 ± 2° C.; NaCl = 100 mM NaCl; low nitrogen Nitrogen; Normal conditions = 16 mM Nitrogen.

Sorghum Biomass, Vigor, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Growth-Related Components

Root DW (dry weight)—At the end of the experiment, the root material was collected, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Shoot DW—At the end of the experiment, the shoot material (without roots) was collected, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Total biomass—total biomass including roots and shoots.

Plant leaf number—Plants were characterized for leaf number at 3 time points during the growing period. In each measure, plants were measured for their leaf number by counting all the leaves of 3 selected plants per plot.

Shoot/root Ratio—The shoot/root Ratio was calculated using Formula XXX above.

Percent of reduction of root biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between root biomass under normal and under low nitrogen conditions.

Percent of reduction of shoot biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between shoot biomass under normal and under low nitrogen conditions.

Percent of reduction of total biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between total biomass (shoot and root) under normal and under low nitrogen conditions

Plant height—Plants were characterized for height at 3 time points during the growing period. In each measure, plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest leaf

Relative Growth Rate of leaf number was calculated using Formula VIII above.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Root Biomass [DW-gr.]/SPAD—root biomass divided by SPAD results.

Shoot Biomass [DW-gr.]/SPAD—shoot biomass divided by SPAD results.

Total Biomass-Root+Shoot [DW-gr.]/SPAD—total biomass divided by SPAD results.

Plant nitrogen level (calculated as SPAD/leaf biomass)—The chlorophyll content of leaves is a good indicator of the nitrogen plant status since the degree of leaf greenness is highly correlated to this parameter.

Experimental Results

10 different Sorghum varieties were grown and characterized for the following parameters: “Leaf number Normal”=leaf number per plant under normal conditions (average of five plants); “Plant Height Normal”=plant height under normal conditions (average of five plants); “Root DW 100 mM NaCl”—root dry weight per plant under salinity conditions (average of five plants); The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Table 41 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters were conducted (Table 42). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 40 Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID DW Root/Plant (gr./number) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 1 DW Root/Plant (gr./number) at Cold conditions 2 DW Root/Plant (gr./number) at Low Nitrogen conditions 3 DW Root/Plant (gr./number) at Normal conditions 4 DW Shoot/Plant (gr./number) at Low Nitrogen conditions 5 DW Shoot/Plant (gr./number) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 6 DW Shoot/Plant (gr./number) at Cold conditions 7 DW Shoot/Plant (gr./number) at Normal conditions 8 Leaf number (at time point 1) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 9 Leaf number (at time point 1) at Cold conditions 10 Leaf number (at time point 1) at Low Nitrogen conditions 11 Leaf number (at time point 1) at Normal conditions 12 Leaf number (at time point 2) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 13 Leaf number (at time point 2) at Cold conditions 14 Leaf number (at time point 2) at Low Nitrogen conditions 15 Leaf number (at time point 2) at Normal conditions 16 Leaf number (at time point 3) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 17 Leaf number (at time point 3) at Cold conditions 18 Leaf number (at time point 3) at Low Nitrogen conditions 19 Leaf number (at time point 3) at Normal conditions 20 total biomass DW (gr.) at Low N conditions 21 Shoot/Root (ratio) at Low N conditions 22 roots DW (gr.) at Low N conditions 23 shoots DW (gr.) at Low N conditions 24 percent root biomass at Low N compared to normal conditions 25 percent shoot biomass at Low N compared to normal conditions 26 percent total biomass reduction at Low N compared to normal conditions 27 N level/Leaf (SPAD/gr.) at Low Nitrogen conditions 28 N level/Leaf (SPAD/gr.) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 29 N level/Leaf (SPAD/gr.) at Cold conditions 30 N level/Leaf (SPAD/gr.) at Normal conditions 31 Normal, Shoot/Root (ratio) at normal conditions 32 Roots DW (gr.) at normal conditions 33 Shoots DW (gr.) at normal conditions 34 Total biomass (gr. at normal conditions 35 Plant Height (at time point 1) (cm) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 36 Plant Height (at time point 1) (cm) at Cold conditions 37 Plant Height (at time point 1), (cm) at Low Nitrogen conditions 38 Plant Height (at time point 1), (cm) at normal conditions 39 Plant Height (at time point 2), (cm) at Cold conditions 40 Plant Height (at time point 2), (cm) at Low Nitrogen conditions 41 Plant Height (at time point 2), (cm) at normal conditions 42 Plant Height (at time point 2), (cm) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 43 Plant Height (at time point 3), (cm) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 44 Plant Height (at time point 3), (cm) at Low Nitrogen conditions 45 RGR Leaf Num at Normal conditions 46 Root Biomass (DW-gr.)/SPAD at 100 mM NaCl conditions 47 Root Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at Cold conditions 48 Root Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at Low Nitrogen conditions 49 Root Biomass [DW, gr.]/SPAD at Normal conditions 50 SPAD, at Cold conditions 51 SPAD (number) at Low Nitrogen conditions 52 SPAD (number) at Normal conditions 53 SPAD (number) at 100 mM NaCl conditions 54 Shoot Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at 100 mM NaCl conditions 55 Shoot Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at Cold conditions 56 Shoot Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at Low Nitrogen conditions 57 Shoot Biomass (DW, gr.)/SPAD at Normal conditions 58 Total Biomass (Root + Shoot; DW, gr.)/SPAD at 100 mM NaCl 59 conditions Total Biomass (Root + Shoot; DW, gr.)/SPAD at Cold conditions 60 Total Biomass (Root + Shoot; DW, gr.)/SPAD at Low Nitrogen conditions 61 Total Biomass (Root + Shoot; DW, gr.)/SPAD at Normal conditions 62 Table 40: Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters. Cold conditions = 10 ± 2° C.; NaCl = 100 mM NaCl; low nitrogen = 1.2 mM Nitrogen; Normal conditions = 16 mM Nitrogen.

TABLE 41 Sorghum accessions, measured parameters Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 0.05 0.13 0.17 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.11 8 0.10 0.24 0.31 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.24 0.24 0.19 0.24 12 3.00 3.07 3.80 3.20 3.23 3.23 3.13 3.43 3.00 3.00 16 4.17 4.50 4.80 4.60 4.53 4.97 4.60 4.93 4.50 4.57 20 5.33 5.87 6.20 5.80 5.80 5.73 5.73 6.00 5.60 6.07 39 7.47 9.30 12.87 8.57 8.93 8.53 10.67 10.27 7.87 8.77 42 14.97 18.23 22.10 17.60 18.07 18.53 22.83 22.03 20.03 21.80 46 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.20 53 26.70 29.33 29.86 29.09 24.98 24.62 30.79 25.50 32.89 33.54 3 0.04 0.11 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.09 5 0.08 0.19 0.33 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.26 0.20 0.13 0.18 11 3.00 3.13 3.87 3.53 3.20 3.13 3.13 3.30 3.07 3.07 15 4.00 4.58 4.97 4.73 4.60 4.70 4.97 4.87 4.67 4.57 19 3.90 4.27 4.70 4.23 4.30 4.57 4.63 4.67 3.97 4.10 38 6.73 9.77 12.70 8.67 9.77 9.23 10.27 10.10 7.93 8.23 41 13.30 20.63 23.70 18.03 19.33 19.20 21.87 22.13 18.20 21.00 45 22.23 31.07 34.67 30.03 30.83 29.87 30.87 32.40 29.37 30.70 52 26.88 28.02 29.64 31.52 29.61 26.82 28.48 28.21 30.48 27.63 1 0.05 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.16 0.14 6 0.09 0.19 0.20 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.10 0.12 9 3.00 3.13 3.40 3.07 3.33 3.07 3.07 3.27 3.00 3.07 13 4.00 4.37 4.87 4.60 4.50 4.53 4.50 4.77 4.32 4.20 17 4.00 4.13 4.57 4.43 4.07 4.33 4.13 4.50 3.78 4.20 36 7.90 9.50 10.93 7.93 9.70 8.53 8.90 10.37 7.00 7.83 43 14.20 16.27 20.37 13.33 15.90 16.53 15.47 18.93 13.68 15.77 44 21.80 23.17 30.37 22.83 23.70 23.30 22.47 26.83 20.28 23.57 54 32.73 35.14 27.97 30.93 34.53 29.99 32.09 31.86 32.51 34.32 2 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.14 7 0.08 0.15 0.19 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.14 10 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.17 3.40 3.20 3.13 3.07 3.07 3.00 14 3.90 4.13 4.63 4.17 4.27 4.23 4.20 4.30 4.17 4.00 18 4.73 5.33 5.43 5.50 5.33 5.07 4.50 5.40 5.37 5.18 37 6.50 8.77 10.40 6.80 9.03 9.00 7.97 9.17 6.50 7.23 40 11.17 15.87 18.43 12.20 16.03 14.63 14.60 17.27 13.43 13.91 51 28.62 30.31 27.04 32.28 28.28 29.89 32.47 28.63 31.71 29.56 30 6.05 5.68 4.98 5.87 5.30 5.90 7.21 5.30 5.91 5.70 48 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.005 56 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 60 0.005 0.009 0.013 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.007 0.009 21 27.53 64.12 115.23 58.02 52.22 35.10 84.57 63.73 47.03 60.00 22 1.87 1.71 1.73 1.57 2.10 1.81 2.06 2.10 1.50 2.00 23 9.65 23.54 43.88 22.58 16.89 12.44 28.19 20.53 18.76 20.09 24 17.88 40.59 71.35 35.44 35.33 22.66 56.38 43.20 28.27 39.91 25 84.53 80.95 117.00 100.52 72.54 71.78 93.47 76.05 86.82 80.51 26 81.57 79.16 104.75 103.50 83.71 83.22 107.69 81.39 70.30 75.86 27 82.58 79.81 109.10 102.32 79.74 78.77 102.49 79.59 76.07 77.36 28 6.89 6.57 6.31 7.45 6.89 5.87 6.15 6.05 7.68 6.74 49 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 57 0.003 0.007 0.011 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.004 0.007 61 0.005 0.011 0.018 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.010 29 8.18 8.50 6.12 6.98 8.49 6.92 7.76 7.08 8.60 8.17 47 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.004 55 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.004 59 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 31 5.01 5.00 4.82 5.02 4.31 4.29 5.37 4.25 5.87 5.53 32 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.59 1.81 1.58 1.76 1.99 1.89 2.20 33 0.86 2.19 2.83 1.69 1.76 1.96 2.27 2.04 1.09 1.88 34 1.65 3.87 5.14 2.58 3.18 3.08 3.95 4.00 2.02 3.97 35 2.51 6.06 7.96 4.28 4.94 5.04 6.22 6.04 3.11 5.85 50 0.002 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 58 0.004 0.008 0.010 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.006 0.007 62 0.006 0.013 0.016 0.009 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.009 0.011 Table 41: Provided are the measured parameters under 100 mM NaCl, low nitrogen (1.2 mM), low temperature (8-10 ° C. ) and normal conditions of Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) according to the Correlation ID numbers (described in Table 40 above).

TABLE 42 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen, normal, cold or salinity stress conditions across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY14 0.75 1.28E−02 1 30 LBY148 0.73 2.60E−02 5 10 LBY148 0.76 1.80E−02 5 14 LBY148 0.84 4.97E−03 8 12 LBY149 0.77 4.09E−02 3 38 LBY149 0.72 2.97E−02 6 49 LBY149 0.73 2.52E−02 6 3 LBY149 0.71 3.34E−02 6 5 LBY149 0.84 4.83E−03 6 11 LBY149 0.73 2.52E−02 6 23 LBY149 0.71 3.34E−02 6 24 LBY149 0.72 2.73E−02 6 21 LBY149 0.71 3.25E−02 6 38 LBY149 0.85 4.13E−03 2 46 LBY150 0.79 1.06E−02 7 29 LBY150 0.73 2.65E−02 7 54 LBY151 0.78 1.36E−02 8 39 LBY151 0.75 2.01E−02 8 33 LBY151 0.73 2.61E−02 8 50 LBY151 0.73 2.50E−02 8 4 LBY152 0.72 2.94E−02 6 28 LBY153 0.75 1.98E−02 7 29 LBY153 0.71 3.29E−02 7 54 LBY153 0.84 4.94E−03 2 46 LBY154 0.86 1.27E−02 3 38 LBY156 0.79 1.11E−02 5 48 LBY156 0.73 2.54E−02 5 10 LBY156 0.76 1.67E−02 5 56 LBY156 0.80 9.81E−03 5 60 LBY156 0.83 5.18E−03 5 14 LBY157 0.73 2.49E−02 2 12 LBY157 0.71 3.36E−02 2 39 LBY158 0.71 3.31E−02 6 3 LBY158 0.74 2.39E−02 6 45 LBY158 0.81 8.44E−03 6 11 LBY158 0.71 3.31E−02 6 23 LBY158 0.72 2.92E−02 6 38 LBY159 0.70 7.77E−02 3 25 LBY161 0.75 5.23E−02 3 49 LBY161 0.70 7.78E−02 3 3 LBY161 0.78 3.98E−02 3 5 LBY161 0.78 3.68E−02 3 61 LBY161 0.71 7.58E−02 3 38 LBY161 0.81 2.71E−02 3 19 LBY161 0.77 4.27E−02 3 57 LBY161 0.75 1.99E−02 7 29 LBY161 0.72 2.75E−02 7 54 LBY162 0.74 5.48E−02 3 15 LBY162 0.83 2.06E−02 3 28 LBY162 0.75 1.88E−02 5 51 LBY162 0.82 7.09E−03 5 30 LBY163 0.70 7.97E−02 3 38 LBY164 0.70 3.43E−02 7 29 LBY165 0.75 5.44E−02 3 27 LBY165 0.88 9.23E−03 3 26 LBY167 0.88 1.71E−03 8 12 LBY167 0.77 1.52E−02 8 35 LBY167 0.75 1.99E−02 8 34 LBY167 0.93 2.25E−04 8 39 LBY167 0.85 4.11E−03 8 58 LBY167 0.87 2.58E−03 8 62 LBY167 0.79 1.16E−02 8 33 LBY167 0.88 1.77E−03 8 50 LBY167 0.74 2.16E−02 8 8 LBY167 0.79 1.10E−02 8 4 LBY167 0.84 4.41E−03 7 44 LBY167 0.75 1.96E−02 7 9 LBY167 0.87 2.51E−03 2 12 LBY167 0.74 2.13E−02 2 16 LBY167 0.72 1.85E−02 1 51 LBY170 0.70 3.46E−02 5 7 LBY170 0.74 2.30E−02 5 56 LBY170 0.73 2.59E−02 5 60 LBY170 0.71 3.18E−02 5 37 LBY170 0.83 5.43E−03 5 40 LBY170 0.77 1.42E−02 7 6 LBY171 0.76 4.55E−02 3 27 LBY171 0.70 7.89E−02 3 11 LBY171 0.87 1.14E−02 3 26 LBY171 0.87 2.21E−03 5 7 LBY171 0.77 1.50E−02 5 48 LBY171 0.71 3.07E−02 5 2 LBY171 0.88 1.55E−03 5 56 LBY171 0.85 3.34E−03 5 60 LBY171 0.87 2.51E−03 5 37 LBY171 0.86 2.70E−03 5 40 LBY171 0.86 3.26E−03 5 14 LBY171 0.79 1.08E−02 6 49 LBY171 0.81 7.89E−03 6 3 LBY171 0.71 3.04E−02 6 25 LBY171 0.71 3.13E−02 6 5 LBY171 0.81 7.89E−03 6 23 LBY171 0.73 2.69E−02 6 61 LBY171 0.71 3.13E−02 6 24 LBY171 0.76 1.78E−02 6 21 LBY173 0.79 3.32E−02 3 23 LBY173 0.85 1.57E−02 3 52 LBY173 0.73 6.06E−02 3 24 LBY173 0.77 4.11E−02 3 21 LBY173 0.77 1.49E−02 7 59 LBY173 0.71 3.25E−02 7 6 LBY174 0.75 5.31E−02 3 28 LBY174 0.77 1.61E−02 5 7 LBY174 0.72 3.02E−02 5 56 LBY174 0.74 2.24E−02 5 40 LBY174 0.70 3.49E−02 8 31 LBY175 0.75 5.08E−02 3 61 LBY175 0.76 4.76E−02 3 57 LBY176 0.73 6.46E−02 3 23 LBY176 0.75 5.20E−02 3 52 LBY176 0.71 7.49E−02 3 24 LBY176 0.73 6.40E−02 3 21 LBY176 0.79 6.66E−03 1 48 LBY176 0.71 2.27E−02 1 2 LBY176 0.76 1.10E−02 1 60 LBY178 0.81 2.73E−02 3 49 LBY178 0.72 6.56E−02 3 3 LBY178 0.72 6.64E−02 3 61 LBY178 0.71 7.39E−02 3 41 LBY179 0.75 2.09E−02 5 7 LBY179 0.76 1.84E−02 5 56 LBY179 0.81 8.31E−03 5 37 LBY179 0.82 6.58E−03 5 40 LBY179 0.85 3.36E−03 5 14 LBY179 0.81 8.29E−03 6 27 LBY179 0.73 2.53E−02 6 25 LBY179 0.77 1.46E−02 6 26 LBY180 0.71 7.16E−02 3 27 LBY180 0.92 3.53E−03 3 25 LBY180 0.70 3.47E−02 8 33 LBY180 0.71 3.26E−02 7 9 LBY180 0.70 3.42E−02 7 13 LBY183 0.75 5.38E−02 3 52 LBY183 0.75 5.21E−02 3 28 LBY183 0.74 2.38E−02 5 7 LBY183 0.90 8.91E−04 5 10 LBY183 0.78 1.26E−02 5 56 LBY183 0.88 1.93E−03 5 37 LBY183 0.79 1.20E−02 5 40 LBY183 0.88 1.74E−03 5 14 LBY184 0.72 6.62E−02 3 61 LBY184 0.71 7.31E−02 3 57 LBY184 0.75 1.93E−02 2 46 LBY185 0.75 5.39E−02 3 15 LBY185 0.79 3.26E−02 3 52 LBY185 0.74 2.33E−02 6 3 LBY185 0.70 3.52E−02 6 15 LBY185 0.71 3.18E−02 6 45 LBY185 0.71 3.36E−02 6 11 LBY185 0.74 2.33E−02 6 23 LBY185 0.71 3.16E−02 6 21 LBY185 0.79 1.12E−02 7 59 LBY186 0.81 4.89E−03 1 48 LBY186 0.77 9.92E−03 1 2 LBY187 0.72 6.75E−02 3 22 LBY188 0.89 1.18E−03 5 10 LBY188 0.71 3.26E−02 5 14 LBY190 0.73 6.10E−02 3 49 LBY190 0.73 6.40E−02 3 3 LBY191 0.80 9.80E−03 5 51 LGN3 0.72 6.78E−02 3 22 LGN3 0.76 1.78E−02 5 56 LGN3 0.82 6.98E−03 5 37 LGN3 0.79 1.07E−02 5 40 LGN3 0.81 8.13E−03 5 14 LGN4 0.82 2.25E−02 3 15 LGN4 0.76 4.83E−02 3 45 LGN4 0.85 3.98E−03 5 7 LGN4 0.74 2.17E−02 5 48 LGN4 0.71 3.24E−02 5 10 LGN4 0.85 3.86E−03 5 56 LGN4 0.82 6.63E−03 5 60 LGN4 0.80 8.96E−03 5 37 LGN4 0.80 9.21E−03 5 40 LGN4 0.95 6.09E−05 5 14 LGN4 0.82 6.74E−03 6 49 LGN4 0.83 5.67E−03 6 3 LGN4 0.78 1.30E−02 6 25 LGN4 0.72 2.73E−02 6 5 LGN4 0.83 5.67E−03 6 23 LGN4 0.75 1.93E−02 6 61 LGN4 0.72 2.73E−02 6 24 LGN4 0.77 1.45E−02 6 21 LGN5 0.87 1.06E−02 3 22 LGN5 0.78 1.39E−02 8 12 LGN5 0.73 2.70E−02 6 22 LGN57 0.83 2.18E−02 3 25 LGN57 0.70 3.46E−02 5 51 LGN57 0.72 2.96E−02 5 30 LGN57 0.79 1.15E−02 2 31 LGN6 0.76 1.85E−02 7 1 LGN6 0.70 3.54E−02 7 47 LGN7 0.74 5.77E−02 3 11 LGN7 0.71 7.22E−02 3 24 LGN7 0.71 3.06E−02 5 37 LGN7 0.71 3.07E−02 6 38 LGN7 0.77 1.48E−02 6 19 Table 42 Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 40.“Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 39. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 7 Production of Sorghum Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Sorghum Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a sorghum oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60,000 sorghum genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 10 different sorghum hybrids were analyzed. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Correlation of Sorghum varieties across ecotypes grown in growth chambers under temperature of 30° C. or 14° C. at low light (100 μE) or high light (250 μE) conditions.

Analyzed Sorghum tissues—All 10 selected Sorghum hybrids were sampled per each condition. Leaf tissue growing under 30° C. and low light (100 μE m⁻² sec⁻¹), 14° C. and low light (100 μE m⁻² sec⁻¹), 30° C. and high light (250 μE m⁻² sec⁻¹), 14° C. and high light (250 μE m⁻² sec⁻¹) were sampled at vegetative stage of four-five leaves and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 43 below.

TABLE 43 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets in field experiments Expression Description set Sorghum/leaf, under 14 Celsius degrees 1 and high light (light on) Sorghum/leaf, under 14 Celsius degrees 2 and low light (light on) Sorghum/leaf, under 30 Celsius degrees 3 and high light (light on) Sorghum/leaf, under 30 Celsius degrees 4 and low light (light on) Table 43: Provided are the sorghum transcriptome expression sets.

The following parameters were collected by sampling 8-10 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot (Table 44 below).

Relative Growth Rate of vegetative dry weight was performed using Formula VII.

Leaves number—Plants were characterized for leaf number during growing period. In each measure, plants were measured for their leaf number by counting all the leaves of selected plants per plot.

Shoot FW—shoot fresh weight (FW) per plant, measurement of all vegetative tissue above ground.

Shoot DW—shoot dry weight (DW) per plant, measurement of all vegetative tissue above ground after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours.

The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated and values are summarized in Tables 45-48 below. Subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 49). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 44 Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID Leaves number 1 Leaves temperature [° C.] 2 RGR (relative growth rate) 3 Shoot DW (dry weight) (gr.) 4 Shoot FW (fresh weight) (gr.) 5 Table 44. Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors).

TABLE 45 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under 14° C. and low light (100 μE m−² sec−¹) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 3.00 3.00 2.75 2.75 2.63 3.00 3.50 2.75 2.43 2.00 3 0.032 −0.014 −0.022 0.024 −0.037 −0.045 0.083 NA −0.050 −0.073 4 0.041 0.013 0.013 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.031 0.009 0.009 0.009 5 0.55 0.30 0.33 0.28 0.36 0.36 0.58 0.22 0.18 0.30 Table 45: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under 14° C. and low light (100 μE m−² sec−¹).

TABLE 46 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under 30° C. and low light (100 μE m−² sec−¹) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 5.27 5.00 4.75 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.25 4.50 3.75 4.00 2 28.140 29.813 24.213 23.138 19.900 21.350 23.360 29.922 21.525 24.440 3 0.099 0.098 0.090 0.122 0.108 0.084 0.113 0.121 0.042 0.039 4 0.114 0.079 0.071 0.056 0.093 0.077 0.040 0.055 0.036 0.050 5 1.35 1.05 0.88 0.95 1.29 1.13 0.71 0.79 0.67 0.82 Table 46: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under 30° C. and low light (100 μE m−² sec−¹).

TABLE 47 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under 30° C. and high light (250 μE m−² sec−¹) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 4.00 3.70 3.50 3.33 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.40 3.30 3.40 3 0.098 0.096 0.087 0.070 0.094 0.118 0.097 0.099 0.106 0.121 4 0.076 0.050 0.047 0.036 0.065 0.085 0.049 0.042 0.042 0.062 5 0.77 0.52 0.49 0.38 0.71 0.86 0.49 0.45 0.44 0.67 Table 47: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under 30° C. and high light (250 μE m−² sec−¹).

TABLE 48 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under 14° C. and high light (250 μE m−² sec−¹) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 0.053 0.052 0.034 0.040 0.056 0.061 0.049 0.056 0.068 0.063 4 0.037 0.026 0.021 0.023 0.037 0.036 0.022 0.022 0.023 0.027 5 0.37 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.43 0.37 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.27 Table 48: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under 14° C. and high light (250 μE m−² sec−¹).

TABLE 49 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under combinations of temperature and light conditions treatments (14° C. or 30° C. ; high light (250 μE m−² sec−¹) or low light (100 μE m−² sec−¹) across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY148 0.70 3.50E−02 2 3 LBY150 0.87 2.55E−02 3 5 LBY150 0.90 1.32E−02 3 4 LBY150 0.77 7.42E−02 3 1 LBY151 0.78 6.98E−02 3 3 LBY152 0.88 7.21E−04 4 2 LBY157 0.73 1.66E−02 1 5 LBY157 0.71 2.03E−02 1 4 LBY158 0.72 1.84E−02 4 4 LBY158 0.72 1.94E−02 2 5 LBY158 0.80 1.04E−02 2 3 LBY158 0.77 7.20E−02 3 5 LBY158 0.83 4.25E−02 3 4 LBY159 0.77 8.88E−03 4 2 LBY162 0.86 1.37E−03 2 5 LBY162 0.79 1.17E−02 2 3 LBY162 0.86 1.25E−03 2 4 LBY164 0.77 9.28E−03 2 5 LBY165 0.84 3.76E−02 3 3 LBY168 0.74 1.34E−02 1 5 LBY168 0.70 2.40E−02 1 4 LBY168 0.73 1.68E−02 4 1 LBY170 0.72 1.77E−02 2 5 LBY170 0.91 6.12E−04 2 3 LBY171 0.75 1.32E−02 4 3 LBY173 0.75 1.17E−02 4 2 LBY173 0.72 1.07E−01 3 4 LBY174 0.74 9.02E−02 3 3 LBY175 0.75 8.56E−02 3 5 LBY175 0.81 5.27E−02 3 4 LBY177 0.77 1.60E−02 2 3 LBY177 0.88 2.20E−02 3 5 LBY177 0.90 1.47E−02 3 4 LBY177 0.75 8.33E−02 3 1 LBY178 0.76 1.07E−02 2 5 LBY178 0.79 6.08E−02 3 5 LBY178 0.81 5.07E−02 3 4 LBY178 0.81 5.15E−02 3 1 LBY180 0.72 2.82E−02 2 3 LBY180 0.74 9.20E−02 3 5 LBY180 0.79 6.04E−02 3 4 LBY183 0.74 2.19E−02 2 3 LBY187 0.71 1.15E−01 3 3 LBY187 0.71 1.16E−01 3 4 LBY190 0.71 2.27E−02 4 2 LBY192 0.75 1.33E−02 2 5 LBY192 0.81 4.58E−03 2 4 LGN5 0.85 4.01E−03 2 3 LGN5 0.79 6.00E−02 3 3 LGN54 0.93 7.13E−03 3 3 LGN7 0.93 6.90E−03 3 5 LGN7 0.96 2.94E−03 3 4 LGN7 0.93 7.34E−03 3 1 Table 49. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 44. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 43. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 8 Production of Sorghum Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield and Drought Related Parameters Measured in Fields Using 65K Sorghum Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a sorghum oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 65,000 sorghum genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with ABST, drought and yield components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 12 different sorghum hybrids were analyzed. Among them, 8 hybrids encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

12 Sorghum varieties were grown in 6 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

1. Regular growth conditions: sorghum plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols, which include 452 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period and fertilization of 14 units nitrogen per dunam per entire growth period (normal conditions). The nitrogen can be obtained using URAN® 21% (Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution; PCS Sales, Northbrook, Ill., USA).

2. Drought conditions: sorghum seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition until flowering stage (59 days from sowing), drought treatment was imposed by irrigating plants with 50% water relative to the normal treatment from this stage [309 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per the entire growth period)], with normal fertilization (i.e., 14 units nitrogen per dunam).

Analyzed Sorghum tissues—All 12 selected Sorghum hybrids were sampled per each treatment. Tissues [Flag leaf, upper stem, lower stem, flower, grain] representing different plant characteristics, from plants growing under normal conditions and drought stress conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 50 below.

TABLE 50 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets in field experiment under normal conditions Expression Set Set ID Basal head at grain filling stage under normal 1 conditions Distal head at grain filling stage under normal 2 conditions Flag leaf at flowering stage under normal conditions 3 Flag leaf at grain filling stage under normal conditions 4 Up stem at flowering stage under normal conditions 5 Up stem at grain filling stage under normal conditions 6 Table 50: Provided are the sorghum transcriptome expression sets. Flag leaf = the leaf below the flower.

TABLE 51 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets in field experiment under drought conditions Expression Set Set ID Basal head at grain filling stage under drought 1 conditions Distal head at grain filling stage under drought 2 conditions Flag leaf at flowering stage under drought conditions 3 Flag leaf at grain filling stage under drought conditions 4 Up stem at flowering stage under drought conditions 5 Up stem at grain filling stage under drought conditions 6 Table 51: Provided are the sorghum transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions. Flag leaf = the leaf below the flower.

Sorghum yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were phenotyped as shown in Tables 53-56 below. Some of the following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

Grains yield per plant (gr)—At the end of the growing period heads were collected (harvest stage). Selected heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted. The average grain weight per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of selected plants.

Heads weight per plant (RP) (kg)—At the end of the growing period heads of selected plants were collected (harvest stage) from the rest of the plants in the plot. Heads were weighted after oven dry (dry weight), and average head weight per plant was calculated.

Grains num (SP) (num)—was calculated by dividing seed yield from selected plants by a single seed weight.

1000 grain (seed) weight (gr)—was calculated based on Formula XIV.

Grain area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the Plant ‘Head’. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Circularity—The circularity of the grains was calculated based on Formula XIX.

Main Head Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period selected “Main Heads” were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The “Main Head” area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of “Main Heads”.

Main Head length (cm)—At the end of the growing period selected “Main Heads” were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The “Main Head” length (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of “Main Heads”.

Main Head Width (cm)—At the end of the growing period selected “Main Heads” were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The “Main Head” width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of “Main Heads”.

An image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling selected plants in a plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

All Heads Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period (harvest) selected plants main and secondary heads were photographed and images were processed using the above described image processing system. All heads area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of plants.

All Heads length (cm)—At the end of the growing period (harvest) selected plants main and secondary heads were photographed and images were processed using the above described image processing system. All heads length (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of plants.

All Heads Width (cm)—At the end of the growing period main and secondary heads were photographed and images were processed using the above described image processing system. All heads width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of plants.

Head weight per plant (RP)/water until maturity (gr./lit)—At the end of the growing period heads were collected (harvest stage) from the rest of the plants in the plot. Heads were weighted after oven dry (dry weight), and average head weight per plant was calculated. Head weight per plant was then divided by the average water volume used for irrigation until maturity.

Harvest index (SP)—was calculated based on Formula XVI above.

Heads index (RP)—was calculated based on Formula XXXXVI above.

Head dry weight (GF) (gr.)—selected heads per plot were collected at the grain filling stage (R2-R3) and weighted after oven dry (dry weight).

Heads per plant (RP) (num)—At the end of the growing period total number of rest of plot heads were counted and divided by the total number of rest of plot plants.

Leaves temperature 2 (° C.)—leaf temperature was measured using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on opened leaves at grain filling stage.

Leaves temperature 6 (° C.)—leaf temperature was measured using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on opened leaves at late grain filling stage.

Stomatal conductance (F) (mmol m² s⁻¹)—plants were evaluated for their stomata conductance using SC-1 Leaf Porometer (Decagon devices) at flowering (F) stage. Stomata conductance readings were done on fully developed leaf, for 2 leaves and 2 plants per plot.

Stomatal conductance (GF) (mmol m² s⁻¹)—plants were evaluated for their stomata conductance using SC-1 Leaf Porometer (Decagon devices) at grain filling

(GF) stage. Stomata conductance readings were done on fully developed leaf, for 2 leaves and 2 plants per plot.

Relative water content 2 (RWC, %)—was calculated based on Formula I at grain filling.

Specific leaf area (SLA) (GF)—was calculated based on Formula XXXVII above.

Waxy leaf blade—was defined by view of leaf blades % of Normal and % of grayish (powdered coating/frosted appearance). Plants were scored for their waxiness according to the scale 0=normal, 1=intermediate, 2=grayish.

SPAD 2 (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at flowering. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plant.

SPAD 3 (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at grain filling. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plant.

% yellow leaves number (F) (percentage)—At flowering stage, leaves of selected plants were collected. Yellow and green leaves were separately counted. Percent of yellow leaves at flowering was calculated for each plant by dividing yellow leaves number per plant by the overall number of leaves per plant and multiplying by 100.

% yellow leaves number (H) (percentage)—At harvest stage, leaves of selected plants were collected. Yellow and green leaves were separately counted. Percent of yellow leaves at flowering was calculated for each plant by dividing yellow leaves number per plant by the overall number of leaves per plant and multiplying by 100.

% Canopy coverage (GF)—was calculated based on Formula XXXII above.

LAI LP-80 (GF)—Leaf area index values were determined using an AccuPAR Centrometer Model LP-80 and measurements were performed at grain filling stage with three measurements per plot.

Leaves area per plant (GF) (cm²)—total leaf area of selected plants in a plot. This parameter was measured using a Leaf area-meter at the grain filling period (GF).

Plant height (H) (cm)—Plants were characterized for height at harvest. Plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest leaf.

Relative growth rate of Plant height (cm/day)—was calculated based on Formula III above.

Number days to Heading (num)—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to heading.

Number days to Maturity (num)—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to seed maturation.

Vegetative DW per plant (gr.)—At the end of the growing period all vegetative material (excluding roots) from plots were collected and weighted after oven dry (dry weight). The biomass per plant was calculated by dividing total biomass by the number of plants.

Lower Stem dry density (F) (gr/cm³)—measured at flowering. Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plants and weighted (dry weight). To obtain stem density, internode dry weight was divided by the internode volume.

Lower Stem dry density (H) (gr/cm³)—measured at harvest. Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted (dry weight). To obtain stem density, internode dry weight was divided by the internode volume.

Lower Stem fresh density (F) (gr/cm³)—measured at flowering. Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plants and weighted (fresh weight). To obtain stem density, internodes fresh weight was divided by the stem volume.

Lower Stem fresh density (H) (gr/cm³)—measured at harvest. Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plants and weighted (fresh weight). To obtain stem density, internodes fresh weight was divided by the stem volume.

Lower Stem length (F) (cm)—Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plants at flowering (F). Internodes were measured for their length using a ruler.

Lower Stem length (H) (cm)—Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at harvest (H). Internodes were measured for their length using a ruler.

Lower Stem width (F) (cm)—Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at flowering (F). Internodes were measured for their width using a caliber.

Lower Stem width (GF) (cm)—Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at grain filling (GF). Internodes were measured for their width using a caliber.

Lower Stem width (H) (cm)—Lower internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at harvest (H). Internodes were measured for their width using a caliber.

Upper Stem dry density (F) (gr/cm³)—measured at flowering (F). Upper internodes from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted (dry weight). To obtain stem density, stem dry weight was divided by the stem volume.

Upper Stem dry density (H) (gr/cm³)—measured at harvest (H). Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted (dry weight). To obtain stem density, stem dry weight was divided by the stem volume.

Upper Stem fresh density (F) (gr/cm³)—measured at flowering (F). Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted (fresh weight). To obtain stem density, stem fresh weight was divided by the stem volume.

Upper Stem fresh density (H) (gr/cm³)—measured at harvest (H). Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted (fresh weight). To obtain stem density, stem fresh weight was divided by the stem volume.

Upper Stem length (F) (cm)—Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at flowering (F). Stems were measured for their length using a ruler.

Upper Stem length (H) (cm)—Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at harvest (H). Stems were measured for their length using a ruler.

Upper Stem width (F) (cm)—Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at flowering (F). Stems were measured for their width using a caliber.

Upper Stem width (H) (cm)—Upper stems from selected plants per plot were separated from the plant at harvest (H). Stems were measured for their width using a caliber.

Upper Stem volume (H)—was calculated based on Formula L above.

Data parameters collected are summarized in Table 52, herein below.

TABLE 52 Sorghum correlated parameters under normal and drought growth conditions (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID % Canopy coverage (GF) [%] 1 % yellow leaves number (F) [%] 2 % yellow leaves number (H) [%] 3 1000 grain weight [gr.] 4 All Heads Area [cm²] 5 All Heads Width [cm] 6 All Heads length [cm] 7 Grain Circularity [cm²/cm²] 8 Grain area [cm²] 9 Grains num (SP) [num] 10 Grains yield per plant [gr.] 11 Harvest index (SP) 12 Head DW (GF) [gr.] 13 Head weight per plant (RP)/water until maturity [gr./lit] 14 Heads index (RP) 15 Heads per plant (RP) [num] 16 Heads weight per plant (RP) [kg] 17 LAI LP-80 (GF) 18 Leaves area per plant (GF) [cm²] 19 Leaves temperature_2 [° C.] 20 Leaves temperature_6 [° C.] 21 Lower Stem dry density (F) [gr./cm³] 22 Lower Stem dry density (H) [gr./cm³] 23 Lower Stem fresh density (F) [gr./cm³] 24 Lower Stem fresh density (H) [gr./cm³] 25 Lower Stem length (F) [cm] 26 Lower Stem length (H) [cm] 27 Lower Stem width (F) [cm] 28 Lower Stem width (GF) [cm] 29 Lower Stem width (H) [cm] 30 Main Head Area [cm²] 31 Main Head Width [cm] 32 Main Head length [cm] 33 Num days to Heading [num] 34 Num days to Maturity [num] 35 Plant height (H) [cm] 36 Plant height growth [cm/day] 37 RWC 2 [%] 38 SPAD 2 [SPAD unit] 39 SPAD 3 [SPAD unit] 40 Specific leaf area (GF) [cm²/gr] 41 Stomatal conductance (F) [mmol m⁻² s⁻¹] 42 Stomatal conductance (GF) [mmol m⁻² s⁻¹] 43 Upper Stem dry density (F) [gr/cm³] 44 Upper Stem dry density (H) [gr/cm³] 45 Upper Stem fresh density (F) [gr/cm³] 46 Upper Stem fresh density (H) [gr/cm³] 47 Upper Stem length (F) [cm] 48 Upper Stem length (H) [cm] 49 Upper Stem volume (H) [cm³] 50 Upper Stem width (F) [cm] 51 Upper Stem width (H) [cm] 52 Vegetative DW per plant [gr] 53 Waxy leaf blade [scoring 0-2] 54 Table 52. Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors). “gr.” = grams; “kg” = kilograms“; “RP” = Rest of plot; “SP” = Selected plants; “num” = Number; “lit” = Liter; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “DW” = Plant Dry weight; “GF” = Grain filling growth stage; “F” = Flowering stage; “H” = Harvest stage; “cm” = Centimeter; “mmol” = millimole.

Experimental Results

Twelve different sorghum hybrids were grown and characterized for different parameters (Table 52). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 53-56) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Tables 57-58). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 53 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under normal conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 94.985 69.219 97.525 83.591 92.773 84.341 2 0.611 0.853 0.548 0.314 0.713 0.573 3 0.406 0.111 0.370 0.126 0.485 0.149 4 27.623 22.819 14.876 18.467 28.471 27.138 5 114.483 79.685 77.873 79.688 218.954 100.146 6 5.536 4.925 6.197 4.558 9.988 6.545 7 27.738 21.360 17.811 23.739 32.185 19.449 8 0.8722 0.8653 0.8714 0.8821 0.8682 0.8856 9 0.154 0.119 0.098 0.122 0.154 0.149 10 12730.1 6281.9 4599.5 15182.6 12628.1 17505.0 11 43.867 18.013 8.536 33.168 44.326 60.190 12 0.218 0.185 0.054 0.253 0.261 0.375 13 29.307 12.924 27.947 41.320 38.867 15.243 14 0.248 0.163 0.136 0.197 0.178 0.285 15 0.343 0.402 0.241 0.338 0.361 0.532 16 NA 1.420 1.742 1.296 0.974 1.727 17 0.0569 0.0374 0.0312 0.0452 0.0409 0.0655 18 6.272 NA 6.111 5.422 5.432 NA 19 2825.8 1911.2 2030.0 2866.8 1554.7 2342.6 20 32.4397 32.1479 33.1993 32.3472 32.4000 31.0687 21 33.3486 33.9333 33.2315 33.3292 33.6167 33.8037 22 1.572 1.371 2.811 2.171 2.349 1.404 23 1.832 2.027 3.476 2.527 3.048 1.801 24 10.4667 10.6380 8.5509 10.8515 11.3170 10.0379 25 9.791 10.382 10.521 10.490 11.283 7.286 26 7.787 3.500 14.900 3.413 11.121 8.158 27 7.992 4.830 12.873 3.117 10.760 8.302 28 19.489 16.718 14.703 17.942 14.826 15.979 29 20.041 20.885 14.661 18.797 15.291 15.874 30 19.124 15.508 14.368 20.277 15.150 15.143 31 114.483 80.837 77.873 79.688 218.954 112.095 32 5.536 4.988 6.197 4.558 9.988 7.191 33 27.738 21.610 17.811 23.739 32.185 20.663 34 89.400 65.667 88.167 74.000 84.000 71.500 35 126 107 115 107 107 92 36 182.125 104.563 143.792 99.010 173.550 170.063 37 2.865 1.852 2.551 1.653 3.124 2.733 38 72.075 91.721 79.533 86.664 74.009 90.557 39 47.804 49.275 44.667 49.080 41.689 47.181 40 47.650 35.422 45.782 42.122 41.449 33.393 41 80.187 170.318 54.259 76.900 51.450 163.058 42 670.381 1017.614 584.437 640.600 349.994 553.500 43 382.950 809.436 468.742 486.858 421.500 633.092 44 NA 1.238 NA NA 2.109 1.230 45 2.047 1.767 2.363 1.834 1.730 1.859 46 NA 9.790 NA NA 10.444 9.383 47 6.605 8.924 6.425 8.250 7.243 4.635 48 NA 42.625 NA NA NA 9.208 49 38.783 45.049 24.530 52.492 38.385 34.019 50 2352.483 2169.089 968.809 2452.559 1997.708 2767.520 51 8.226 8.978 7.113 7.125 6.815 10.421 52 8.742 7.459 6.985 7.677 7.833 10.072 53 0.1255 0.0503 0.1223 0.0760 0.0966 0.0619 54 NA 2.000 NA NA NA 1.063 Table 53: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. ”NA” = not available.

TABLE 54 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under normal growth conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 80.617 75.681 80.171 79.658 65.915 89.644 2 0.584 0.544 0.208 0.484 0.351 0.574 3 0.076 0.022 0.018 0.129 0.096 0.424 4 18.470 18.457 23.479 25.937 24.294 20.366 5 85.403 138.989 70.043 78.551 152.012 145.250 6 5.453 6.371 4.479 4.573 7.408 6.316 7 21.298 30.863 19.174 21.016 27.845 29.966 8 0.8879 0.8842 0.8895 0.8974 0.8873 0.8982 9 0.117 0.121 0.122 0.129 0.123 0.125 10 13887.9 21509.8 13138.7 16910.0 18205.2 24801.2 11 32.051 49.629 38.998 54.808 55.265 64.740 12 0.309 0.409 0.343 0.360 0.314 0.318 13 10.235 27.607 31.563 25.847 21.326 74.493 14 0.249 0.271 0.284 0.315 0.216 0.325 15 0.477 0.554 0.538 0.502 0.471 0.478 16 1.372 1.081 2.200 1.523 1.168 1.015 17 0.0571 0.0621 0.0652 0.0724 0.0495 0.0746 18 NA NA NA NA NA 5.790 19 2008.9 2212.0 1495.5 1997.8 2692.1 2647.7 20 32.8562 33.0333 31.5844 32.4083 32.7021 32.7500 21 33.5694 33.8926 32.2764 32.9255 32.3765 33.3296 22 1.975 2.049 2.293 1.871 1.708 2.138 23 2.933 2.471 2.557 2.476 2.744 1.640 24 10.7072 10.8184 10.8381 10.8360 10.7013 10.5546 25 10.089 10.853 11.003 11.199 7.357 8.622 26 2.833 3.217 4.017 4.882 2.818 8.786 27 2.973 3.719 5.903 5.069 3.783 9.979 28 17.752 18.677 13.543 14.999 14.675 16.371 29 21.451 21.037 19.488 16.473 19.939 19.413 30 17.382 16.334 13.313 14.982 16.360 18.739 31 85.403 138.989 98.915 114.696 154.742 147.871 32 5.453 6.371 5.897 6.274 7.497 6.404 33 21.298 30.863 22.503 24.722 28.256 30.450 34 67.667 63.667 56.000 59.000 56.000 75.333 35 107 92 107 107 107 107 36 54.938 94.771 101.604 112.979 88.326 163.792 37 0.881 1.566 1.733 1.911 1.593 2.865 38 88.841 90.211 90.765 88.475 86.674 82.031 39 52.089 53.727 52.567 53.862 51.777 44.129 40 50.174 41.898 46.828 46.796 48.597 40.065 41 194.138 213.658 212.049 214.648 157.440 67.729 42 473.775 796.950 879.000 810.325 889.012 607.200 43 485.718 886.017 730.573 886.550 784.958 384.530 44 1.261 1.501 1.938 1.924 1.956 NA 45 1.756 1.747 1.788 1.663 1.868 1.674 46 10.215 9.687 9.981 10.737 10.326 NA 47 7.234 7.311 7.923 7.055 5.396 4.820 48 26.583 60.364 53.600 55.000 44.583 NA 49 28.808 59.663 51.983 54.794 45.548 48.496 50 1607.665 3510.662 2907.809 3639.453 3045.637 3301.794 51 9.430 9.537 8.043 8.853 7.913 8.071 52 8.417 8.607 8.513 9.187 9.136 9.311 53 0.0446 0.0446 0.0461 0.0626 0.0861 0.0991 54 1.125 1.438 1.000 1.750 1.000 NA Table 54: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. ”NA” = not available.

TABLE 55 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under drought growth conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 86.887 61.338 75.023 77.781 75.524 80.375 2 0.371 0.728 0.407 0.695 0.425 0.878 3 0.286 0.424 0.256 0.478 0.366 0.394 4 24.160 19.803 14.209 14.639 25.540 20.829 5 72.386 93.839 30.770 55.311 131.242 76.546 6 4.272 5.395 3.511 3.722 6.999 5.270 7 22.325 24.388 12.159 19.926 27.603 18.164 8 0.8734 0.8718 0.8626 0.8754 0.8708 0.8866 9 0.1422 0.1143 0.0946 0.1115 0.1442 0.1309 10 6968 5452 3960 9839 6482 12403 11 23.833 13.673 6.991 18.234 20.717 34.426 12 0.135 0.158 0.065 0.187 0.255 0.291 13 NA 12.103 24.831 37.040 23.293 11.722 14 0.110 0.094 0.030 0.094 0.056 0.116 15 0.157 0.359 0.071 0.244 0.056 0.511 16 NA 2.017 1.000 1.041 NA 1.058 17 0.0227 0.0194 0.0063 0.0195 0.0115 0.0239 18 3.582 NA 2.642 3.428 2.805 NA 19 3308.1 1206.0 2464.6 1142.9 2116.3 1550.0 20 36.085 35.833 35.464 36.576 35.868 33.764 21 35.847 36.030 36.526 38.399 35.915 36.452 22 1.758 1.458 2.267 2.784 2.393 1.276 23 1.958 1.605 2.271 2.494 3.555 1.253 24 9.617 10.459 7.487 10.787 10.250 9.660 25 9.676 8.315 7.384 10.106 10.721 5.513 26 7.787 4.027 16.460 3.287 10.829 10.818 27 7.064 4.509 16.228 3.305 9.885 10.500 28 19.206 16.627 14.929 18.353 15.795 13.963 29 18.979 18.365 16.017 19.125 15.487 14.340 30 20.086 16.099 14.439 18.471 15.469 14.061 31 72.386 96.616 32.820 55.311 131.242 85.867 32 4.272 5.526 3.696 3.722 6.999 5.806 33 22.325 24.787 12.396 19.926 27.603 19.408 34 91.500 66.333 88.000 74.667 90.000 71.000 35 115.0 92.0 115.0 107.0 107.0 107.0 36 104.646 83.240 113.031 69.036 104.200 133.542 37 1.586 1.556 1.831 1.279 1.798 2.024 38 65.594 78.509 83.840 54.860 69.741 74.513 39 45.787 46.967 38.775 38.188 35.907 43.352 40 43.458 26.980 36.000 34.140 27.291 25.840 41 75.917 143.323 62.928 44.434 61.434 106.055 42 30.407 774.842 61.788 68.263 31.208 330.458 43 135.117 561.183 94.442 276.217 64.117 217.192 44 NA 1.436 NA NA NA 1.376 45 2.328 1.432 2.169 1.923 1.848 1.660 46 0.860 9.887 NA NA NA 8.097 47 9.451 5.717 7.258 8.602 6.533 3.604 48 25.000 40.000 NA NA NA 15.909 49 26.609 39.567 15.492 31.055 31.100 20.723 50 1288.2 2524.3 468.4 1128.6 1370.3 1724.9 51 10.083 9.422 6.421 6.773 7.809 9.702 52 7.788 8.919 5.873 6.628 7.453 10.203 53 0.0820 0.0392 0.0857 0.0623 0.0172 0.0475 54 NA 2.000 NA NA NA 1.000 Table 55: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 56 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under drought growth conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 64.246 70.802 64.110 75.677 72.095 87.168 2 0.678 0.807 0.788 0.731 0.741 0.831 3 0.326 0.329 0.364 0.377 0.469 0.625 4 15.432 13.299 17.877 20.239 18.706 17.951 5 67.460 112.580 82.793 100.459 122.877 86.267 6 4.570 4.959 4.994 5.560 7.292 4.721 7 19.614 30.763 20.985 23.992 24.820 24.418 8 0.8898 0.8835 0.8952 0.8974 0.8989 0.8889 9 0.1094 0.1019 0.1067 0.1162 0.1112 0.1205 10 9980 17494 14526 15729 10949 13808 11 19.098 29.216 31.744 40.213 25.228 29.520 12 0.235 0.325 0.335 0.342 0.222 0.223 13 9.324 19.286 33.147 27.315 24.680 50.380 14 0.127 0.171 0.203 0.244 0.160 0.151 15 0.445 0.480 0.544 0.524 0.462 0.348 16 1.139 1.002 1.181 1.113 1.294 0.851 17 0.0262 0.0353 0.0420 0.0503 0.0330 0.0312 18 NA NA NA NA NA 3.941 19 1476.2 1773.1 1052.7 1408.5 417.2 1247.1 20 37.469 41.242 36.471 36.994 36.767 35.942 21 36.248 36.507 35.011 36.304 35.798 36.509 22 1.748 1.691 2.375 1.615 1.516 2.031 23 2.381 1.705 1.660 1.641 2.362 1.598 24 10.872 10.357 11.277 10.702 10.715 9.678 25 7.507 7.544 8.754 8.340 4.525 7.762 26 2.818 4.038 4.750 4.725 3.292 7.664 27 3.115 4.123 4.313 5.742 3.530 5.896 28 17.195 14.904 13.322 14.525 13.772 17.270 29 17.228 20.037 15.979 16.879 16.951 19.561 30 17.001 16.372 13.722 14.666 14.041 19.479 31 68.685 114.581 94.240 104.215 125.804 87.375 32 4.624 5.019 5.571 5.702 7.385 4.774 33 19.901 31.121 22.157 24.362 25.333 24.757 34 68.333 63.000 56.000 59.667 56.000 76.667 35 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 107.0 36 47.823 80.917 93.427 104.146 75.804 105.625 37 0.924 1.441 1.598 1.869 1.328 1.895 38 71.703 66.866 68.615 68.248 70.701 76.334 39 47.579 44.665 51.921 48.835 40.021 37.598 40 42.919 30.929 43.686 37.805 38.415 32.486 41 128.668 132.895 138.516 133.257 78.293 47.343 42 387.650 582.067 985.592 834.958 753.417 54.162 43 81.209 129.775 241.650 322.917 257.033 127.167 44 1.471 1.806 2.118 1.792 2.073 NA 45 1.550 1.654 1.621 1.634 1.712 1.759 46 10.693 10.122 10.486 10.012 10.557 NA 47 4.609 5.182 5.392 5.399 2.975 5.529 48 25.773 50.091 46.845 46.875 44.250 NA 49 24.072 48.602 48.781 48.731 38.213 26.050 50 1507.8 2865.3 2857.9 2956.0 1964.3 1288.5 51 9.066 7.925 8.170 8.543 7.672 7.365 52 8.878 8.605 8.586 8.727 8.126 7.850 53 0.0378 0.0328 0.0326 0.0435 0.0613 0.0761 54 1.250 1.688 1.125 1.750 1.375 NA Table 56: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Seed ID) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 57 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Sorghum accessions Corr. Corr. Gene Exp. Set Gene Exp. Set Name R P value set ID Name R P value set ID LBY14 0.79 3.45E−02 2 51 LBY14 0.72 1.09E−01 2 16 LBY14 0.72 1.21E−02 5 17 LBY14 0.72 1.21E−02 5 14 LBY14 0.79 7.04E−03 4 52 LBY14 0.81 2.75E−03 3 51 LBY14 0.73 1.00E−02 3 38 LBY14 0.84 1.73E−02 1 45 LBY148 0.73 6.17E−02 2 9 LBY148 0.84 1.81E−02 2 45 LBY148 0.70 1.18E−01 5 54 LBY148 0.74 9.43E−03 5 42 LBY148 0.77 9.16E−03 6 45 LBY148 0.83 2.82E−03 4 4 LBY148 0.77 9.25E−03 4 32 LBY148 0.80 5.26E−03 4 9 LBY148 0.72 1.23E−02 3 2 LBY148 0.73 6.24E−02 1 4 LBY148 0.84 1.89E−02 1 9 LBY148 0.84 1.94E−02 1 45 LBY148 0.73 6.03E−02 1 34 LBY149 0.83 2.09E−02 2 15 LBY149 0.80 3.08E−02 2 51 LBY149 0.83 2.09E−02 2 12 LBY149 0.84 1.70E−02 2 38 LBY149 0.79 3.43E−02 2 43 LBY149 0.90 5.93E−03 2 41 LBY149 0.81 2.58E−02 2 39 LBY149 0.84 2.23E−03 6 6 LBY149 0.75 1.26E−02 6 31 LBY149 0.72 1.94E−02 6 39 LBY149 0.77 8.48E−03 6 32 LBY149 0.82 4.60E−02 6 54 LBY149 0.78 8.19E−03 6 5 LBY149 0.71 2.06E−02 4 12 LBY149 0.80 5.32E−03 4 32 LBY149 0.81 2.70E−02 1 43 LBY149 0.79 6.40E−02 1 16 LBY149 0.91 4.03E−03 1 41 LBY149 0.96 6.80E−04 1 39 LBY150 0.76 4.76E−02 2 4 LBY150 0.73 1.76E−02 4 51 LBY150 0.75 5.00E−02 1 22 LBY150 0.83 2.00E−02 1 49 LBY151 0.71 2.22E−02 6 6 LBY151 0.93 6.40E−03 4 54 LBY151 0.75 7.89E−03 3 43 LBY151 0.81 5.10E−02 3 48 LBY151 0.77 5.55E−03 3 49 LBY151 0.78 3.97E−02 1 6 LBY151 0.92 3.41E−03 1 37 LBY151 0.81 2.84E−02 1 7 LBY151 0.78 4.06E−02 1 27 LBY151 0.71 7.40E−02 1 31 LBY151 0.70 7.73E−02 1 33 LBY151 0.90 5.80E−03 1 3 LBY151 0.86 1.20E−02 1 53 LBY151 0.86 1.40E−02 1 9 LBY151 0.87 1.02E−02 1 26 LBY151 0.78 3.82E−02 1 1 LBY151 0.81 2.58E−02 1 5 LBY151 0.97 3.58E−04 1 34 LBY151 0.90 6.47E−03 1 36 LBY152 0.71 7.12E−02 2 10 LBY152 0.75 5.14E−02 2 52 LBY152 0.72 6.67E−02 2 11 LBY152 0.73 1.75E−02 5 16 LBY152 0.84 1.11E−03 5 42 LBY152 0.73 1.63E−02 4 43 LBY152 0.71 1.16E−01 4 54 LBY152 0.78 6.47E−02 4 48 LBY152 0.74 1.48E−02 4 49 LBY152 0.82 1.99E−03 3 38 LBY152 0.74 9.12E−03 3 43 LBY152 0.73 9.73E−02 3 48 LBY152 0.74 9.25E−03 3 49 LBY152 0.75 8.01E−03 3 42 LBY152 0.81 2.81E−02 1 28 LBY152 0.77 4.11E−02 1 51 LBY152 0.72 6.85E−02 1 45 LBY152 0.83 2.14E−02 1 19 LBY153 0.79 3.46E−02 2 20 LBY153 0.75 5.15E−02 2 13 LBY153 0.81 2.60E−03 5 51 LBY153 0.72 1.18E−02 5 41 LBY153 0.71 2.13E−02 6 45 LBY153 0.74 9.69E−03 3 19 LBY153 0.74 9.41E−03 3 30 LBY153 0.71 7.40E−02 1 29 LBY153 0.77 4.27E−02 1 40 LBY153 0.73 6.24E−02 1 49 LBY153 0.80 2.97E−02 1 35 LBY154 0.80 3.07E−02 2 53 LBY154 0.70 7.95E−02 2 9 LBY154 0.92 3.33E−03 2 45 LBY154 0.75 5.21E−02 2 1 LBY154 0.83 2.20E−02 2 34 LBY154 0.84 1.71E−02 2 35 LBY154 0.70 1.57E−02 5 7 LBY154 0.82 4.44E−02 6 54 LBY154 0.77 4.28E−02 1 4 LBY154 0.76 4.63E−02 1 53 LBY154 0.84 1.72E−02 1 9 LBY154 0.81 2.65E−02 1 45 LBY154 0.75 5.01E−02 1 1 LBY154 0.72 6.64E−02 1 34 LBY155 0.78 3.65E−02 2 4 LBY155 0.81 2.60E−02 2 37 LBY155 0.78 3.78E−02 2 53 LBY155 0.73 6.21E−02 2 9 LBY155 0.82 2.44E−02 2 36 LBY155 0.82 3.75E−03 6 51 LBY155 0.74 1.52E−02 6 41 LBY155 0.73 1.72E−02 4 51 LBY155 0.74 1.36E−02 4 43 LBY155 0.77 9.82E−03 4 41 LBY155 0.72 6.56E−02 1 51 LBY156 0.72 6.80E−02 2 9 LBY156 0.75 5.15E−02 2 45 LBY156 0.72 2.75E−02 6 16 LBY156 0.76 6.94E−03 3 8 LBY156 0.72 1.21E−02 3 10 LBY156 0.73 1.06E−02 3 15 LBY156 0.77 5.78E−03 3 51 LBY156 0.74 8.75E−03 3 52 LBY156 0.82 2.24E−03 3 12 LBY156 0.82 1.85E−03 3 50 LBY156 0.81 2.65E−03 3 17 LBY156 0.81 2.65E−03 3 14 LBY156 0.77 5.73E−03 3 11 LBY156 0.77 4.30E−02 1 9 LBY157 0.79 3.57E−02 2 51 LBY157 0.83 1.51E−03 5 25 LBY157 0.74 9.31E−02 5 54 LBY157 0.95 3.83E−03 5 48 LBY157 0.73 1.66E−02 4 39 LBY157 0.74 9.24E−02 3 54 LBY157 0.75 5.32E−02 1 28 LBY157 0.84 1.72E−02 1 45 LBY157 0.77 4.25E−02 1 35 LBY158 0.79 3.57E−02 2 37 LBY158 0.73 6.12E−02 2 27 LBY158 0.76 4.82E−02 2 3 LBY158 0.87 1.01E−02 2 53 LBY158 0.77 4.26E−02 2 9 LBY158 0.73 6.48E−02 2 26 LBY158 0.79 3.30E−02 2 45 LBY158 0.91 5.07E−03 2 1 LBY158 0.91 4.37E−03 2 34 LBY158 0.85 1.63E−02 2 36 LBY158 0.76 7.10E−03 5 26 LBY158 0.84 1.34E−03 5 45 LBY158 0.74 1.38E−02 6 35 LBY158 0.75 1.17E−02 4 28 LBY158 0.82 3.80E−03 4 45 LBY158 0.70 2.29E−02 4 35 LBY158 0.73 6.29E−02 1 37 LBY158 0.73 6.10E−02 1 7 LBY158 0.80 3.08E−02 1 3 LBY158 0.85 1.43E−02 1 53 LBY158 0.84 1.87E−02 1 9 LBY158 0.78 3.96E−02 1 1 LBY158 0.89 7.84E−03 1 34 LBY158 0.74 5.48E−02 1 36 LBY159 0.78 6.79E−02 5 54 LBY159 0.79 6.84E−03 4 29 LBY159 0.92 2.86E−03 1 28 LBY159 0.79 3.41E−02 1 45 LBY159 0.76 4.70E−02 1 35 LBY160 0.88 1.98E−02 5 48 LBY160 0.91 2.08E−04 4 8 LBY160 0.81 4.58E−03 4 15 LBY160 0.85 1.72E−03 4 12 LBY160 0.81 4.41E−03 4 17 LBY160 0.81 4.41E−03 4 14 LBY160 0.73 1.08E−02 3 8 LBY160 0.73 1.14E−02 3 51 LBY160 0.72 1.33E−02 3 52 LBY160 0.73 6.32E−02 1 51 LBY160 0.82 2.42E−02 1 21 LBY161 0.72 6.60E−02 2 8 LBY161 0.84 1.81E−02 2 10 LBY161 0.81 2.58E−02 2 50 LBY161 0.81 2.63E−02 2 17 LBY161 0.81 2.63E−02 2 14 LBY161 0.74 5.93E−02 2 11 LBY161 0.73 6.38E−02 2 13 LBY161 0.71 7.60E−02 2 49 LBY161 0.89 7.83E−03 2 19 LBY161 0.71 7.38E−02 2 42 LBY161 0.79 3.80E−03 5 50 LBY161 0.79 6.38E−02 5 48 LBY161 0.85 1.00E−03 5 49 LBY161 0.74 1.50E−02 6 50 LBY161 0.78 5.06E−03 3 10 LBY161 0.81 2.39E−03 3 50 LBY161 0.79 3.97E−03 3 17 LBY161 0.79 3.97E−03 3 14 LBY161 0.75 8.35E−03 3 11 LBY161 0.79 3.62E−02 1 8 LBY161 0.74 5.73E−02 1 10 LBY161 0.82 2.41E−02 1 17 LBY161 0.82 2.41E−02 1 14 LBY161 0.85 1.46E−02 1 19 LBY162 0.85 1.56E−02 2 21 LBY162 0.82 2.49E−02 2 9 LBY162 0.90 6.36E−03 2 45 LBY162 0.76 6.16E−03 5 25 LBY162 0.70 7.76E−02 5 44 LBY162 0.88 2.14E−02 5 54 LBY162 0.91 1.21E−02 5 48 LBY162 0.72 1.27E−02 5 49 LBY162 0.73 1.03E−02 5 42 LBY162 0.88 7.46E−04 6 6 LBY162 0.83 2.81E−03 6 31 LBY162 0.88 8.20E−04 6 32 LBY162 0.82 3.57E−03 6 5 LBY162 0.83 5.69E−03 4 16 LBY162 0.74 1.40E−02 4 39 LBY162 0.78 6.64E−02 4 54 LBY162 0.80 5.39E−02 4 48 LBY162 0.73 1.62E−02 4 42 LBY162 0.77 5.57E−03 3 38 LBY162 0.75 7.29E−03 3 41 LBY162 0.70 1.55E−02 3 39 LBY162 0.72 1.32E−02 3 45 LBY162 0.78 4.29E−03 3 42 LBY162 0.71 7.61E−02 1 4 LBY162 0.72 6.91E−02 1 28 LBY162 0.78 3.67E−02 1 53 LBY162 0.90 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LBY188 0.71 7.37E−02 1 8 LBY188 0.71 7.13E−02 1 49 LBY189 0.80 3.08E−02 2 8 LBY189 0.74 1.37E−02 6 53 LBY189 0.70 7.81E−02 3 46 LBY189 0.71 7.23E−02 3 44 LBY189 0.74 8.99E−03 3 13 LBY189 0.83 2.06E−02 1 10 LBY189 0.72 6.91E−02 1 22 LBY189 0.87 1.16E−02 1 13 LBY189 0.73 6.03E−02 1 30 LBY190 0.72 7.04E−02 2 27 LBY190 0.75 5.10E−02 2 3 LBY190 0.92 3.14E−03 2 13 LBY190 0.76 8.00E−02 5 54 LBY190 0.78 7.15E−03 4 28 LBY190 0.84 2.55E−03 4 45 LBY190 0.91 1.10E−04 3 6 LBY190 0.74 9.33E−03 3 31 LBY190 0.90 1.88E−04 3 32 LBY190 0.75 7.88E−03 3 5 LBY191 0.79 3.64E−02 2 52 LBY191 0.75 5.26E−02 5 44 LBY191 0.82 4.57E−02 5 48 LBY191 0.76 1.05E−02 4 8 LBY191 0.71 2.10E−02 4 15 LBY191 0.83 2.70E−03 4 52 LBY191 0.82 4.02E−03 4 17 LBY191 0.82 4.02E−03 4 14 LBY191 0.74 1.45E−02 4 11 LBY191 0.84 1.32E−03 3 52 LBY191 0.70 1.64E−02 3 17 LBY191 0.70 1.64E−02 3 14 LBY191 0.79 3.51E−02 1 51 LBY192 0.70 7.84E−02 2 10 LBY192 0.92 3.39E−03 2 13 LBY192 0.74 1.46E−02 5 16 LBY192 0.88 2.24E−02 5 48 LBY192 0.73 1.56E−02 6 45 LBY192 0.82 3.39E−03 4 8 LBY192 0.73 1.71E−02 4 6 LBY192 0.74 1.52E−02 4 37 LBY192 0.84 2.11E−03 4 27 LBY192 0.80 5.58E−03 4 17 LBY192 0.71 2.15E−02 4 31 LBY192 0.80 5.58E−03 4 14 LBY192 0.84 2.15E−03 4 32 LBY192 0.71 2.07E−02 4 11 LBY192 0.82 3.34E−03 4 26 LBY192 0.76 4.59E−02 1 10 LBY192 0.86 1.20E−02 1 38 LBY192 0.89 7.81E−03 1 37 LBY192 0.88 9.35E−03 1 27 LBY192 0.70 7.91E−02 1 3 LBY192 0.79 3.63E−02 1 11 LBY192 0.86 1.27E−02 1 26 LBY192 0.86 1.38E−02 1 36 LGN3 0.85 1.46E−02 2 51 LGN3 0.71 7.59E−02 2 52 LGN3 0.77 4.49E−02 2 45 LGN3 0.80 2.94E−02 5 46 LGN3 0.79 3.59E−02 5 44 LGN3 0.79 3.65E−03 5 40 LGN3 0.73 1.62E−02 6 51 LGN3 0.73 1.57E−02 4 45 LGN3 0.74 8.56E−03 3 43 LGN3 0.73 1.01E−02 3 41 LGN3 0.72 1.33E−02 3 39 LGN3 0.71 7.45E−02 1 4 LGN3 0.74 5.94E−02 1 28 LGN3 0.92 3.11E−03 1 45 LGN3 0.74 5.53E−02 1 35 LGN5 0.93 2.78E−03 2 10 LGN5 0.77 4.43E−02 2 50 LGN5 0.71 7.23E−02 2 43 LGN5 0.70 7.72E−02 2 11 LGN5 0.77 4.41E−02 2 13 LGN5 0.73 6.33E−02 2 49 LGN5 0.72 6.68E−02 2 42 LGN5 0.70 1.59E−02 5 53 LGN5 0.79 3.68E−03 5 35 LGN5 0.83 5.88E−03 6 16 LGN5 0.82 3.90E−03 6 45 LGN5 0.70 2.32E−02 6 35 LGN5 0.81 4.78E−03 4 43 LGN5 0.76 1.08E−02 4 41 LGN5 0.78 8.41E−03 4 39 LGN5 0.94 5.85E−03 4 48 LGN5 0.79 6.58E−03 4 42 LGN5 0.93 2.31E−03 3 44 LGN5 0.72 1.06E−01 3 48 LGN5 0.76 4.70E−02 1 17 LGN5 0.76 4.70E−02 1 14 LGN5 0.85 1.65E−02 1 45 LGN54 0.71 7.25E−02 2 45 LGN54 0.89 7.01E−03 5 44 LGN54 0.90 1.48E−02 5 48 LGN54 0.72 1.97E−02 6 6 LGN54 0.70 2.35E−02 6 7 LGN54 0.74 1.46E−02 6 31 LGN54 0.81 4.71E−03 6 3 LGN54 0.78 7.66E−03 6 1 LGN54 0.78 7.88E−03 6 5 LGN54 0.74 1.54E−02 4 22 LGN54 0.77 4.38E−02 3 46 LGN54 0.76 4.60E−02 1 28 LGN54 0.75 5.05E−02 1 9 LGN54 0.94 1.97E−03 1 45 LGN57 0.76 4.91E−02 2 27 LGN57 0.91 4.02E−03 2 13 LGN57 0.81 2.57E−03 5 43 LGN57 0.77 7.17E−02 5 54 LGN57 0.86 6.84E−04 5 42 LGN57 0.71 2.10E−02 6 23 LGN57 0.80 3.07E−02 6 46 LGN57 0.96 5.21E−04 6 44 LGN57 0.74 1.53E−02 6 31 LGN57 0.73 1.61E−02 6 32 LGN57 0.71 2.23E−02 6 5 LGN57 0.77 8.75E−03 6 24 LGN57 0.74 1.44E−02 4 47 LGN57 0.82 3.66E−03 4 42 LGN57 0.71 1.38E−02 3 10 LGN57 0.72 6.92E−02 3 44 LGN57 0.79 3.43E−02 1 10 LGN57 0.70 7.71E−02 1 37 LGN57 0.89 6.48E−03 1 7 LGN57 0.85 1.66E−02 1 27 LGN57 0.74 5.98E−02 1 31 LGN57 0.88 8.19E−03 1 33 LGN57 0.84 1.87E−02 1 3 LGN57 0.73 6.36E−02 1 26 LGN57 0.90 6.07E−03 1 13 LGN57 0.80 3.20E−02 1 5 LGN6 0.73 6.12E−02 2 21 LGN6 0.85 1.56E−02 5 44 LGN6 0.77 7.16E−02 5 48 LGN6 0.81 4.23E−03 6 43 LGN6 0.87 1.18E−03 6 41 LGN6 0.85 1.80E−03 6 39 LGN7 0.81 2.74E−02 2 8 LGN7 0.85 1.62E−02 2 10 LGN7 0.90 6.27E−03 2 43 LGN7 0.72 7.05E−02 2 17 LGN7 0.79 3.27E−02 2 41 LGN7 0.72 7.05E−02 2 14 LGN7 0.83 2.21E−02 2 39 LGN7 0.79 3.46E−02 2 49 LGN7 0.75 5.45E−02 2 42 LGN7 0.77 4.32E−02 5 46 LGN7 0.77 5.71E−03 5 22 LGN7 0.80 3.06E−02 5 44 LGN7 0.76 7.11E−03 5 13 LGN7 0.74 1.43E−02 6 23 LGN7 0.74 5.48E−02 6 44 LGN7 0.86 2.80E−02 6 48 LGN7 0.81 4.33E−03 6 24 LGN7 0.79 3.43E−02 4 44 LGN7 0.73 1.73E−02 4 13 LGN7 0.83 2.03E−02 1 8 LGN7 0.72 6.67E−02 1 10 LGN7 0.76 4.84E−02 1 15 LGN7 0.79 3.54E−02 1 12 LGN7 0.81 2.65E−02 1 38 LGN7 0.71 7.46E−02 1 22 LGN7 0.73 6.20E−02 1 50 LGN7 0.79 3.61E−02 1 43 LGN7 0.79 3.40E−02 1 17 LGN7 0.87 2.55E−02 1 16 LGN7 0.88 8.71E−03 1 41 LGN7 0.79 3.40E−02 1 14 LGN7 0.79 3.44E−02 1 39 LGN7 0.71 7.11E−02 1 11 LGN7 0.72 7.08E−02 1 49 Table 57. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 52. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 50. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 58 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought conditions across Sorghum accessions Corr. Corr. Gene Exp. Set Gene Exp. Set Name R P value set ID Name R P value set ID LBY14 0.71 1.52E−02 3 51 LBY14 0.79 3.46E−03 3 39 LBY148 0.74 2.31E−02 6 51 LBY148 0.70 1.59E−02 5 52 LBY148 0.79 3.60E−03 3 15 LBY148 0.85 9.14E−04 3 52 LBY148 0.74 5.49E−02 3 46 LBY148 0.90 1.75E−04 3 41 LBY148 0.79 3.64E−03 3 39 LBY148 0.83 1.64E−03 3 42 LBY149 0.86 5.63E−03 1 52 LBY149 0.70 5.27E−02 1 2 LBY149 0.70 7.96E−02 5 46 LBY149 0.75 7.97E−03 5 7 LBY149 0.73 1.00E−02 5 31 LBY149 0.76 6.35E−03 5 33 LBY149 0.72 1.04E−01 5 54 LBY149 0.80 3.07E−02 5 48 LBY149 0.74 9.12E−03 5 5 LBY149 0.70 1.62E−02 5 2 LBY149 0.90 1.57E−02 4 44 LBY149 0.89 6.65E−03 4 48 LBY149 0.71 1.52E−02 4 49 LBY149 0.83 1.63E−03 3 4 LBY149 0.77 5.98E−03 3 6 LBY149 0.74 8.55E−03 3 32 LBY149 0.75 8.22E−03 3 9 LBY149 0.71 1.39E−02 3 5 LBY150 0.93 7.82E−04 1 7 LBY150 0.78 2.38E−02 1 20 LBY150 0.92 1.25E−03 1 33 LBY150 0.72 1.04E−01 1 54 LBY150 0.83 2.08E−02 1 48 LBY150 0.77 2.63E−02 1 5 LBY150 0.79 2.09E−02 1 24 LBY150 0.83 5.40E−03 6 47 LBY150 0.84 3.86E−02 6 44 LBY150 0.82 6.19E−03 6 45 LBY150 0.85 4.09E−03 6 19 LBY150 0.76 6.94E−03 4 27 LBY150 0.79 3.79E−03 4 26 LBY150 0.72 1.33E−02 4 19 LBY150 0.75 7.61E−03 4 34 LBY150 0.77 5.56E−03 4 35 LBY150 0.86 7.81E−04 3 47 LBY150 0.72 1.16E−02 3 53 LBY150 0.95 6.42E−06 3 45 LBY150 0.74 9.71E−03 3 1 LBY150 0.71 1.39E−02 3 19 LBY150 0.89 2.72E−04 3 34 LBY150 0.90 1.79E−04 3 35 LBY150 0.70 5.30E−02 2 21 LBY151 0.79 1.06E−02 6 50 LBY151 0.72 2.86E−02 6 17 LBY151 0.73 2.50E−02 6 31 LBY151 0.72 2.86E−02 6 14 LBY151 0.72 6.74E−02 6 48 LBY151 0.82 6.38E−03 6 49 LBY151 0.76 1.77E−02 6 5 LBY151 0.77 5.18E−03 3 50 LBY151 0.72 4.23E−02 2 4 LBY151 0.77 2.52E−02 2 23 LBY151 0.78 2.13E−02 2 6 LBY151 0.77 2.46E−02 2 32 LBY152 0.80 1.81E−02 1 52 LBY152 0.78 4.74E−03 5 6 LBY152 0.78 4.49E−03 5 32 LBY152 0.79 4.08E−03 4 21 LBY152 0.71 1.53E−02 3 21 LBY152 0.70 1.20E−01 3 54 LBY153 0.86 6.38E−03 1 7 LBY153 0.75 8.41E−02 1 44 LBY153 0.80 1.66E−02 1 20 LBY153 0.86 5.86E−03 1 33 LBY153 0.70 1.20E−01 1 54 LBY153 0.92 3.37E−03 1 48 LBY153 0.85 7.37E−03 1 49 LBY153 0.71 3.35E−02 6 22 LBY153 0.76 1.65E−02 6 27 LBY153 0.91 7.69E−04 6 53 LBY153 0.80 9.94E−03 6 26 LBY153 0.81 8.80E−03 6 45 LBY153 0.77 1.44E−02 6 34 LBY153 0.80 1.02E−02 6 35 LBY153 0.77 5.75E−03 4 53 LBY153 0.80 3.38E−03 3 21 LBY153 0.70 1.65E−02 3 53 LBY153 0.74 9.35E−02 3 54 LBY154 0.70 5.19E−02 1 45 LBY154 0.76 2.87E−02 1 19 LBY154 0.72 6.79E−02 6 46 LBY154 0.75 2.09E−02 6 6 LBY154 0.86 2.74E−03 6 50 LBY154 0.80 9.86E−03 6 43 LBY154 0.71 3.36E−02 6 31 LBY154 0.76 3.02E−02 6 16 LBY154 0.83 6.19E−03 6 41 LBY154 0.89 1.83E−02 6 54 LBY154 0.75 5.08E−02 6 48 LBY154 0.81 8.74E−03 6 49 LBY154 0.89 1.34E−03 6 42 LBY154 0.77 5.15E−03 5 43 LBY154 0.88 1.78E−03 5 16 LBY154 0.71 1.13E−01 4 44 LBY154 0.71 1.47E−02 4 20 LBY154 0.70 1.59E−02 3 21 LBY154 0.74 9.32E−02 3 54 LBY154 0.79 3.47E−02 3 48 LBY154 0.72 4.46E−02 2 4 LBY154 0.71 4.64E−02 2 47 LBY154 0.87 2.44E−02 2 16 LBY154 0.75 3.04E−02 2 9 LBY154 0.82 1.34E−02 2 19 LBY155 0.72 4.33E−02 1 51 LBY155 0.71 4.71E−02 1 27 LBY155 0.70 5.09E−02 1 26 LBY155 0.72 4.61E−02 1 35 LBY155 0.73 1.01E−02 5 38 LBY155 0.76 6.13E−03 4 52 LBY155 0.80 3.32E−03 3 19 LBY155 0.86 6.10E−03 2 4 LBY155 0.75 3.27E−02 2 6 LBY155 0.81 1.45E−02 2 32 LBY155 0.85 8.02E−03 2 9 LBY156 0.71 4.81E−02 1 52 LBY156 0.78 6.65E−02 4 44 LBY156 0.73 1.07E−02 4 2 LBY156 0.83 1.52E−03 3 15 LBY156 0.88 3.52E−04 3 52 LBY156 0.76 6.98E−03 3 41 LBY156 0.71 1.53E−02 3 2 LBY157 0.75 3.22E−02 1 29 LBY157 0.80 1.65E−02 1 20 LBY157 0.78 1.40E−02 6 50 LBY157 0.86 2.84E−02 6 44 LBY157 0.71 3.25E−02 6 17 LBY157 0.71 3.13E−02 6 41 LBY157 0.71 3.25E−02 6 14 LBY157 0.92 4.22E−04 6 39 LBY157 0.76 1.66E−02 6 49 LBY157 0.84 4.78E−03 6 42 LBY157 0.74 2.14E−02 6 24 LBY157 0.79 3.75E−03 4 50 LBY157 0.93 6.34E−03 4 44 LBY157 0.70 1.64E−02 4 41 LBY157 0.89 7.85E−03 4 48 LBY157 0.77 6.06E−03 4 49 LBY157 0.78 5.00E−03 4 42 LBY157 0.75 7.51E−03 3 15 LBY157 0.70 7.92E−02 3 46 LBY157 0.80 3.36E−03 3 41 LBY157 0.78 4.69E−03 3 39 LBY157 0.85 9.19E−04 3 42 LBY157 0.74 3.67E−02 2 51 LBY157 0.96 2.56E−03 2 16 LBY157 0.75 3.28E−02 2 40 LBY158 0.77 2.63E−02 1 28 LBY158 0.78 2.12E−02 1 9 LBY158 0.84 9.79E−03 1 45 LBY158 0.89 3.13E−03 1 19 LBY158 0.93 8.62E−04 1 34 LBY158 0.79 1.85E−02 1 35 LBY158 0.76 2.93E−02 1 30 LBY158 0.81 7.60E−03 6 47 LBY158 0.78 1.23E−02 6 45 LBY158 0.88 1.77E−03 6 19 LBY158 0.96 2.70E−03 5 54 LBY158 0.78 4.82E−03 5 45 LBY158 0.95 6.52E−06 5 19 LBY158 0.75 8.13E−03 5 34 LBY158 0.74 9.14E−02 4 44 LBY158 0.76 6.79E−03 3 47 LBY158 0.75 8.15E−03 3 45 LBY158 0.75 7.84E−03 3 19 LBY158 0.70 5.14E−02 2 53 LBY158 0.77 4.22E−02 2 13 LBY158 0.91 1.66E−03 2 1 LBY159 0.72 4.28E−02 1 28 LBY159 0.74 3.65E−02 1 9 LBY159 0.83 1.00E−02 1 34 LBY159 0.75 2.07E−02 6 6 LBY159 0.70 3.41E−02 6 43 LBY159 0.71 3.08E−02 6 32 LBY159 0.79 1.07E−02 5 16 LBY159 0.80 5.50E−02 3 54 LBY159 0.71 2.27E−02 3 13 LBY159 0.88 3.91E−03 2 23 LBY160 0.86 3.19E−03 6 15 LBY160 0.76 1.81E−02 6 52 LBY160 0.78 1.41E−02 6 12 LBY160 0.91 4.47E−03 6 46 LBY160 0.73 2.60E−02 6 6 LBY160 0.88 1.54E−03 6 50 LBY160 0.76 7.73E−02 6 44 LBY160 0.79 1.21E−02 6 31 LBY160 0.86 3.16E−03 6 41 LBY160 0.73 2.41E−02 6 32 LBY160 0.75 5.26E−02 6 48 LBY160 0.81 7.85E−03 6 49 LBY160 0.74 2.13E−02 6 5 LBY160 0.86 3.01E−03 6 42 LBY160 0.71 3.12E−02 6 2 LBY160 0.89 1.15E−03 6 24 LBY160 0.82 1.90E−03 4 10 LBY160 0.75 8.22E−03 4 12 LBY160 0.72 1.29E−02 3 22 LBY160 0.76 6.75E−03 3 21 LBY161 0.80 1.67E−02 1 10 LBY161 0.81 4.97E−02 1 44 LBY161 0.75 3.29E−02 1 1 LBY161 0.80 9.86E−03 6 1 LBY161 0.78 4.29E−03 4 10 LBY161 0.82 2.08E−03 3 10 LBY161 0.73 1.00E−02 3 17 LBY161 0.73 1.00E−02 3 14 LBY161 0.71 1.40E−02 3 11 LBY161 0.86 5.58E−03 2 10 LBY161 0.77 2.60E−02 2 51 LBY161 0.73 4.15E−02 2 12 LBY161 0.71 4.85E−02 2 7 LBY161 0.71 4.73E−02 2 50 LBY161 0.78 2.20E−02 2 17 LBY161 0.78 2.20E−02 2 14 LBY161 0.74 3.69E−02 2 33 LBY161 0.87 4.65E−03 2 11 LBY162 0.78 2.33E−02 1 7 LBY162 0.76 2.83E−02 1 27 LBY162 0.77 2.46E−02 1 33 LBY162 0.83 4.12E−02 1 54 LBY162 0.71 4.83E−02 1 26 LBY162 0.74 5.97E−02 1 48 LBY162 0.77 2.55E−02 1 35 LBY162 0.83 1.72E−03 5 38 LBY162 0.75 8.05E−03 4 38 LBY162 0.75 7.85E−03 3 15 LBY162 0.74 9.60E−03 3 52 LBY162 0.84 1.81E−02 3 46 LBY162 0.86 7.16E−04 3 41 LBY163 0.78 3.70E−02 1 48 LBY163 0.75 2.12E−02 6 15 LBY163 0.91 5.00E−03 6 46 LBY163 0.71 3.13E−02 6 6 LBY163 0.84 4.85E−03 6 50 LBY163 0.71 4.79E−02 6 16 LBY163 0.85 3.56E−03 6 41 LBY163 0.71 1.13E−01 6 54 LBY163 0.72 6.67E−02 6 48 LBY163 0.77 1.45E−02 6 49 LBY163 0.91 6.26E−04 6 42 LBY163 0.70 3.52E−02 6 24 LBY163 0.73 1.01E−02 5 40 LBY163 0.74 9.03E−02 4 54 LBY163 0.84 1.70E−02 4 48 LBY163 0.85 8.21E−04 3 3 LBY163 0.88 8.95E−04 3 13 LBY163 0.83 1.12E−02 2 7 LBY163 0.91 1.55E−03 2 20 LBY163 0.81 1.46E−02 2 33 LBY163 0.82 1.33E−02 2 49 LBY164 0.79 2.02E−02 1 50 LBY164 0.80 5.36E−02 1 44 LBY164 0.81 2.84E−02 1 13 LBY164 0.87 1.07E−02 1 48 LBY164 0.88 4.30E−03 1 49 LBY164 0.80 1.60E−02 1 42 LBY164 0.74 3.44E−02 1 24 LBY164 0.79 1.07E−02 6 20 LBY164 0.71 3.32E−02 6 49 LBY164 0.85 8.49E−04 5 20 LBY164 0.73 1.05E−02 4 21 LBY164 0.71 1.38E−02 3 25 LBY164 0.72 1.17E−02 3 23 LBY164 0.75 7.75E−03 3 47 LBY164 0.74 9.12E−03 3 22 LBY164 0.73 1.12E−02 3 45 LBY164 0.84 8.80E−03 2 3 LBY164 0.93 2.70E−03 2 13 LBY165 0.78 1.28E−02 6 41 LBY165 0.72 2.97E−02 6 39 LBY165 0.75 2.04E−02 6 42 LBY165 0.82 6.80E−03 6 24 LBY165 0.74 8.66E−03 5 43 LBY165 0.79 3.82E−03 4 21 LBY165 0.73 1.11E−02 3 25 LBY165 0.80 3.33E−03 3 23 LBY165 0.78 2.34E−02 2 4 LBY165 0.77 2.46E−02 2 9 LBY166 0.76 2.71E−02 1 50 LBY166 0.91 1.27E−02 1 44 LBY166 0.91 4.69E−03 1 13 LBY166 0.98 1.43E−04 1 48 LBY166 0.93 7.15E−04 1 49 LBY166 0.72 1.98E−02 4 13 LBY166 0.74 8.67E−03 4 1 LBY166 0.71 1.50E−02 4 30 LBY166 0.79 3.99E−03 3 3 LBY166 0.78 7.39E−03 3 13 LBY166 0.74 3.56E−02 2 10 LBY166 0.74 3.39E−02 2 17 LBY166 0.72 4.46E−02 2 41 LBY166 0.74 3.39E−02 2 14 LBY166 0.88 3.74E−03 2 20 LBY166 0.74 3.62E−02 2 42 LBY167 0.76 1.76E−02 6 28 LBY167 0.81 7.70E−03 6 9 LBY167 0.75 2.09E−02 6 1 LBY167 0.85 3.55E−03 6 30 LBY167 0.76 6.88E−03 4 23 LBY167 0.78 4.35E−03 3 9 LBY167 0.81 2.53E−03 3 1 LBY167 0.79 3.94E−03 3 34 LBY167 0.72 1.29E−02 3 35 LBY167 0.94 5.26E−04 2 51 LBY167 0.90 2.25E−03 2 52 LBY167 0.70 5.23E−02 2 11 LBY168 0.80 1.75E−02 1 10 LBY168 0.77 2.66E−02 1 50 LBY168 0.96 2.74E−03 1 44 LBY168 0.74 3.49E−02 1 43 LBY168 0.79 2.08E−02 1 17 LBY168 0.79 2.08E−02 1 14 LBY168 0.75 5.19E−02 1 13 LBY168 0.74 5.62E−02 1 48 LBY168 0.78 2.17E−02 1 49 LBY168 0.81 1.37E−02 1 42 LBY168 0.75 3.11E−02 1 24 LBY168 0.77 1.58E−02 6 38 LBY168 0.71 3.30E−02 6 7 LBY168 0.84 4.64E−03 6 20 LBY168 0.72 2.89E−02 6 33 LBY168 0.90 8.49E−04 6 3 LBY168 0.79 1.20E−02 6 9 LBY168 0.72 2.99E−02 6 30 LBY168 0.73 1.13E−02 5 8 LBY168 0.78 4.38E−03 5 47 LBY168 0.74 9.46E−03 5 22 LBY168 0.91 1.10E−02 5 44 LBY168 0.81 2.70E−03 5 17 LBY168 0.81 2.70E−03 5 14 LBY168 0.74 8.90E−03 5 53 LBY168 0.85 9.11E−04 5 45 LBY168 0.71 1.34E−02 5 49 LBY168 0.86 7.91E−04 4 21 LBY168 0.79 3.80E−03 3 20 LBY168 0.74 3.67E−02 2 41 LBY168 0.72 4.24E−02 2 39 LBY168 0.80 1.65E−02 2 53 LBY170 0.81 5.27E−02 2 16 LBY170 0.79 1.96E−02 2 19 LBY171 0.74 2.27E−02 5 16 LBY171 0.85 3.40E−02 4 44 LBY171 0.74 9.57E−03 3 41 LBY171 0.75 8.36E−02 2 16 LBY171 0.79 2.08E−02 2 19 LBY173 0.70 5.32E−02 1 27 LBY173 0.79 2.04E−02 1 26 LBY173 0.72 2.81E−02 6 25 LBY173 0.70 3.45E−02 6 17 LBY173 0.70 3.45E−02 6 14 LBY173 0.73 2.49E−02 6 39 LBY173 0.81 8.66E−03 6 20 LBY173 0.73 2.62E−02 6 24 LBY173 0.81 2.64E−03 5 43 LBY173 0.71 3.09E−02 5 16 LBY173 0.85 3.23E−02 5 54 LBY173 0.79 3.26E−02 4 46 LBY173 0.76 6.57E−03 4 27 LBY173 0.74 9.24E−03 4 20 LBY173 0.71 1.48E−02 4 26 LBY173 0.82 2.09E−03 3 53 LBY173 0.85 3.03E−02 3 54 LBY173 0.79 4.04E−03 3 35 LBY173 0.81 1.51E−02 2 4 LBY173 0.88 4.23E−03 2 6 LBY173 0.83 1.00E−02 2 31 LBY173 0.89 2.78E−03 2 32 LBY173 0.83 9.92E−03 2 9 LBY173 0.71 4.80E−02 2 1 LBY173 0.81 1.59E−02 2 5 LBY173 0.78 2.20E−02 2 34 LBY173 0.72 4.30E−02 2 35 LBY174 0.78 1.36E−02 6 2 LBY174 0.74 2.28E−02 5 16 LBY174 0.72 1.25E−02 3 8 LBY174 0.72 1.29E−02 3 15 LBY174 0.71 1.51E−02 3 52 LBY174 0.73 1.09E−02 3 50 LBY174 0.73 1.12E−02 3 41 LBY174 0.74 9.56E−03 3 42 LBY174 0.76 7.16E−03 3 24 LBY175 0.95 4.42E−03 1 54 LBY175 0.77 4.23E−02 1 48 LBY175 0.72 4.37E−02 1 49 LBY175 0.76 2.87E−02 2 47 LBY175 0.74 3.75E−02 2 19 LBY176 0.78 1.41E−02 6 28 LBY176 0.78 1.40E−02 6 47 LBY176 0.74 2.29E−02 6 45 LBY176 0.80 9.86E−03 6 19 LBY176 0.76 1.80E−02 6 30 LBY176 0.72 1.17E−02 5 38 LBY176 0.77 5.31E−03 4 27 LBY176 0.79 3.71E−03 4 26 LBY176 0.77 6.07E−03 4 45 LBY176 0.72 1.23E−02 4 19 LBY176 0.86 7.70E−04 4 34 LBY176 0.79 4.03E−03 4 35 LBY176 0.88 3.94E−04 3 53 LBY176 0.71 2.02E−02 3 13 LBY176 0.88 3.40E−04 3 45 LBY176 0.75 7.40E−03 3 1 LBY176 0.80 3.01E−03 3 34 LBY176 0.86 6.68E−04 3 35 LBY176 0.74 3.52E−02 2 3 LBY176 0.84 1.93E−02 2 13 LBY177 0.76 7.95E−02 1 16 LBY177 0.76 2.84E−02 1 53 LBY177 0.78 2.13E−02 6 16 LBY177 0.73 2.50E−02 6 34 LBY177 0.75 2.03E−02 6 35 LBY177 0.76 6.48E−03 4 43 LBY177 0.75 2.03E−02 4 16 LBY177 0.79 6.23E−02 4 54 LBY177 0.71 1.36E−02 3 29 LBY177 0.71 1.15E−01 3 54 LBY177 0.71 1.36E−02 3 2 LBY177 0.84 9.30E−03 2 21 LBY178 0.71 4.93E−02 1 53 LBY178 0.97 1.45E−03 6 44 LBY178 0.71 7.45E−02 6 48 LBY178 0.75 1.99E−02 6 49 LBY178 0.71 1.45E−02 5 29 LBY178 0.86 7.32E−04 5 20 LBY178 0.77 6.02E−03 5 21 LBY178 0.71 1.47E−02 4 40 LBY178 0.77 5.39E−03 3 10 LBY178 0.72 1.31E−02 3 22 LBY178 0.72 1.16E−02 3 17 LBY178 0.72 1.16E−02 3 14 LBY178 0.73 1.04E−02 3 39 LBY178 0.93 7.82E−03 3 54 LBY178 0.74 3.62E−02 2 51 LBY178 0.71 1.12E−01 2 16 LBY178 0.78 2.28E−02 2 53 LBY179 0.76 2.74E−02 1 9 LBY179 0.71 4.72E−02 1 26 LBY179 0.88 4.38E−03 1 45 LBY179 0.86 5.68E−03 1 1 LBY179 0.87 4.58E−03 1 19 LBY179 0.78 2.23E−02 1 34 LBY179 0.93 9.05E−04 1 35 LBY179 0.93 7.16E−03 3 44 LBY179 0.72 1.32E−02 3 11 LBY180 0.73 3.81E−02 1 4 LBY180 0.71 5.04E−02 1 47 LBY180 0.89 3.21E−03 1 9 LBY180 0.91 1.98E−03 1 45 LBY180 0.81 1.56E−02 1 1 LBY180 0.90 2.61E−03 1 19 LBY180 0.92 1.07E−03 1 34 LBY180 0.97 4.05E−05 1 35 LBY180 0.89 1.44E−03 6 38 LBY180 0.71 3.31E−02 6 27 LBY180 0.71 1.38E−02 4 12 LBY180 0.73 1.05E−02 4 7 LBY180 0.74 9.68E−03 4 31 LBY180 0.71 1.44E−02 4 20 LBY180 0.74 9.69E−03 4 33 LBY180 0.82 2.35E−02 4 48 LBY180 0.77 5.53E−03 4 49 LBY180 0.74 8.82E−03 4 5 LBY180 0.71 1.45E−02 3 25 LBY180 0.80 3.30E−03 3 23 LBY180 0.71 1.39E−02 3 9 LBY180 0.75 3.22E−02 2 4 LBY180 0.76 2.98E−02 2 25 LBY180 0.75 3.33E−02 2 23 LBY180 0.74 3.66E−02 2 9 LBY180 0.84 8.94E−03 2 34 LBY181 0.71 4.92E−02 1 39 LBY181 0.96 1.36E−04 1 40 LBY181 0.83 1.65E−03 5 53 LBY181 0.73 1.14E−02 5 45 LBY181 0.72 1.25E−02 5 1 LBY181 0.71 1.47E−02 5 35 LBY181 0.71 1.39E−02 3 45 LBY181 0.83 1.64E−03 3 19 LBY181 0.79 3.65E−03 3 34 LBY181 0.85 7.30E−03 2 28 LBY181 0.86 6.00E−03 2 40 LBY181 0.74 3.62E−02 2 30 LBY182 0.95 3.69E−04 1 29 LBY182 0.85 7.75E−03 1 20 LBY182 0.86 2.69E−02 1 54 LBY182 0.85 3.96E−03 6 47 LBY182 0.76 1.87E−02 6 27 LBY182 0.89 1.78E−02 6 44 LBY182 0.79 1.17E−02 6 53 LBY182 0.74 2.14E−02 6 26 LBY182 0.92 5.34E−04 6 45 LBY182 0.84 4.27E−03 6 19 LBY182 0.76 1.81E−02 6 34 LBY182 0.74 2.16E−02 6 35 LBY182 0.79 3.95E−03 4 19 LBY182 0.74 9.19E−02 3 44 LBY183 0.78 2.33E−02 1 27 LBY183 0.78 2.21E−02 1 26 LBY183 0.82 6.89E−03 6 38 LBY183 0.79 1.04E−02 6 27 LBY183 0.82 7.05E−03 6 26 LBY183 0.73 6.06E−02 3 46 LBY183 0.80 3.43E−03 3 41 LBY183 0.82 1.25E−02 2 27 LBY183 0.86 6.42E−03 2 26 LBY183 0.78 2.19E−02 2 34 LBY183 0.71 4.92E−02 2 35 LBY184 0.87 5.19E−03 1 53 LBY184 0.72 1.25E−02 5 42 LBY184 0.80 3.29E−03 4 53 LBY184 0.83 1.56E−03 3 15 LBY184 0.86 1.41E−02 3 46 LBY184 0.85 9.88E−04 3 50 LBY184 0.92 5.33E−05 3 41 LBY184 0.79 4.00E−03 3 39 LBY184 0.73 6.43E−02 3 48 LBY184 0.90 1.80E−04 3 42 LBY185 0.72 4.42E−02 1 45 LBY185 0.79 1.86E−02 1 19 LBY185 0.75 3.12E−02 1 35 LBY185 0.77 4.10E−02 6 46 LBY185 0.76 1.86E−02 6 38 LBY185 0.70 1.56E−02 5 20 LBY185 0.78 4.72E−03 4 20 LBY186 0.79 1.98E−02 1 53 LBY186 0.83 9.91E−03 1 45 LBY186 0.83 1.12E−02 1 1 LBY186 0.78 2.38E−02 1 19 LBY186 0.88 4.41E−03 1 35 LBY186 0.72 2.76E−02 6 36 LBY186 0.77 1.49E−02 3 16 LBY186 0.73 4.02E−02 2 34 LBY186 0.77 2.69E−02 2 35 LBY187 0.74 3.55E−02 1 50 LBY187 0.70 7.74E−02 1 48 LBY187 0.74 3.64E−02 1 49 LBY187 0.76 2.81E−02 1 42 LBY187 0.72 2.76E−02 6 26 LBY187 0.75 1.92E−02 6 35 LBY187 0.72 1.20E−02 4 23 LBY187 0.72 1.28E−02 3 4 LBY187 0.72 1.30E−02 3 6 LBY187 0.73 1.15E−02 3 32 LBY188 0.88 3.94E−03 1 8 LBY188 0.73 4.02E−02 1 10 LBY188 0.80 5.36E−02 1 44 LBY188 0.87 4.68E−03 1 17 LBY188 0.87 4.68E−03 1 14 LBY188 0.72 4.43E−02 1 40 LBY188 0.73 6.05E−02 1 13 LBY188 0.86 5.58E−03 1 24 LBY188 0.71 3.33E−02 6 45 LBY188 0.76 1.75E−02 6 1 LBY188 0.72 2.77E−02 6 19 LBY188 0.80 5.69E−02 4 44 LBY188 0.83 2.13E−02 4 48 LBY188 0.74 9.54E−03 3 3 LBY188 0.77 8.80E−03 3 13 LBY188 0.79 4.11E−03 3 30 LBY188 0.75 3.34E−02 2 3 LBY188 0.77 4.33E−02 2 13 LBY189 0.74 2.17E−02 6 4 LBY189 0.83 5.86E−03 6 9 LBY189 0.75 8.77E−02 5 54 LBY189 0.77 5.62E−03 4 8 LBY189 0.78 8.05E−03 3 13 LBY189 0.71 4.78E−02 2 3 LBY189 0.85 1.56E−02 2 13 LBY190 0.71 5.07E−02 1 23 LBY190 0.96 1.10E−04 1 6 LBY190 0.83 1.15E−02 1 31 LBY190 0.89 3.09E−03 1 32 LBY190 0.84 9.33E−03 1 5 LBY190 0.75 1.97E−02 6 28 LBY190 0.82 7.39E−03 6 9 LBY190 0.75 2.02E−02 6 1 LBY190 0.80 9.52E−03 6 30 LBY190 0.72 1.23E−02 3 28 LBY190 0.79 3.98E−03 3 3 LBY190 0.81 4.78E−03 3 13 LBY190 0.78 4.59E−03 3 30 LBY190 0.87 4.70E−03 2 3 LBY190 0.98 5.75E−05 2 13 LBY191 0.75 3.13E−02 1 51 LBY191 0.82 1.34E−02 1 53 LBY191 0.72 4.31E−02 1 45 LBY191 0.79 1.87E−02 1 1 LBY191 0.84 8.80E−03 1 35 LBY191 0.82 6.53E−03 6 38 LBY191 0.74 8.59E−03 4 10 LBY191 0.78 4.93E−03 4 20 LBY191 0.82 2.10E−03 3 52 LBY191 0.74 3.41E−02 2 4 LBY191 0.77 2.65E−02 2 9 LBY192 0.73 4.05E−02 1 43 LBY192 0.73 1.00E−01 1 54 LBY192 0.90 1.07E−03 6 38 LBY192 0.80 9.14E−03 6 27 LBY192 0.82 7.34E−03 6 26 LBY192 0.71 1.13E−01 5 44 LBY192 0.76 6.75E−03 3 52 LBY192 0.82 1.99E−03 3 41 LBY192 0.74 8.87E−03 3 39 LBY192 0.74 3.75E−02 2 51 LGN3 0.88 3.72E−03 1 28 LGN3 0.73 4.03E−02 1 51 LGN3 0.86 6.27E−03 1 30 LGN3 0.76 1.64E−02 6 38 LGN3 0.88 1.52E−03 6 27 LGN3 0.82 6.21E−03 6 26 LGN3 0.72 1.30E−02 3 8 LGN3 0.75 8.03E−03 3 15 LGN3 0.71 1.50E−02 3 12 LGN3 0.76 7.20E−03 3 50 LGN3 0.89 1.72E−02 3 44 LGN3 0.73 1.09E−02 3 17 LGN3 0.80 3.06E−03 3 41 LGN3 0.73 1.09E−02 3 14 LGN3 0.82 1.88E−03 3 39 LGN3 0.85 8.72E−04 3 42 LGN3 0.77 2.55E−02 2 51 LGN4 0.71 4.97E−02 1 28 LGN4 0.71 1.50E−02 5 7 LGN4 0.70 1.56E−02 5 20 LGN4 0.70 1.62E−02 5 33 LGN4 0.70 1.62E−02 3 12 LGN4 0.77 5.28E−03 3 50 LGN4 0.99 1.78E−04 3 44 LGN4 0.75 7.88E−03 3 17 LGN4 0.75 7.88E−03 3 14 LGN4 0.79 3.56E−02 3 48 LGN4 0.81 2.41E−03 3 49 LGN4 0.76 6.50E−03 3 42 LGN4 0.85 7.50E−03 2 51 LGN5 0.71 1.43E−02 5 9 LGN5 0.76 6.50E−03 3 25 LGN5 0.73 1.14E−02 3 23 LGN5 0.79 4.19E−03 3 47 LGN5 0.74 9.07E−02 3 54 LGN5 0.73 1.11E−02 3 34 LGN5 0.76 2.98E−02 2 53 LGN5 0.75 5.24E−02 2 13 LGN54 0.80 1.78E−02 1 28 LGN54 0.76 2.84E−02 1 47 LGN54 0.85 7.90E−03 1 45 LGN54 0.87 5.22E−03 1 19 LGN54 0.73 3.90E−02 1 34 LGN54 0.86 6.68E−03 1 30 LGN54 0.85 9.63E−04 4 40 LGN54 0.77 5.29E−03 3 25 LGN54 0.84 1.26E−03 3 23 LGN54 0.77 2.62E−02 2 23 LGN57 0.92 1.15E−03 1 20 LGN57 0.76 4.97E−02 6 46 LGN57 0.74 2.31E−02 6 50 LGN57 0.74 2.25E−02 6 43 LGN57 0.92 1.16E−03 6 16 LGN57 0.86 2.78E−02 6 54 LGN57 0.72 6.69E−02 6 48 LGN57 0.72 3.02E−02 6 49 LGN57 0.83 5.69E−03 5 16 LGN57 0.71 1.53E−02 4 21 LGN57 0.78 4.74E−03 3 10 LGN57 0.73 1.06E−02 3 15 LGN57 0.82 2.25E−02 3 46 LGN57 0.73 1.16E−02 3 7 LGN57 0.74 9.12E−03 3 33 LGN57 0.71 1.36E−02 3 21 LGN57 0.93 2.55E−05 3 2 LGN57 0.76 2.80E−02 2 6 LGN57 0.77 2.55E−02 2 32 LGN57 0.74 3.57E−02 2 3 LGN6 0.82 4.74E−02 1 16 LGN6 0.75 8.38E−02 6 44 LGN6 0.83 1.16E−02 6 13 LGN6 0.79 4.21E−03 4 50 LGN6 0.79 6.37E−02 4 44 LGN6 0.85 9.65E−04 4 41 LGN6 0.84 1.36E−03 4 39 LGN6 0.73 6.14E−02 4 48 LGN6 0.73 1.03E−02 4 49 LGN6 0.89 2.77E−04 4 42 LGN6 0.76 6.16E−03 3 41 LGN6 0.78 4.71E−03 3 39 LGN6 0.84 1.32E−03 3 42 LGN7 0.80 1.72E−02 1 8 LGN7 0.94 5.46E−04 1 10 LGN7 0.83 1.16E−02 1 12 LGN7 0.76 2.78E−02 1 50 LGN7 0.87 2.36E−02 1 44 LGN7 0.84 8.42E−03 1 17 LGN7 0.84 8.42E−03 1 14 LGN7 0.73 3.82E−02 1 20 LGN7 0.75 5.39E−02 1 48 LGN7 0.76 2.92E−02 1 49 LGN7 0.79 3.47E−02 6 46 LGN7 0.78 6.89E−02 6 44 LGN7 0.73 2.60E−02 6 17 LGN7 0.73 2.60E−02 6 14 LGN7 0.72 2.84E−02 6 42 LGN7 0.74 9.91E−03 5 28 LGN7 0.72 1.29E−02 5 25 LGN7 0.75 8.48E−02 5 54 LGN7 0.72 1.97E−02 5 13 LGN7 0.73 1.11E−02 5 1 LGN7 0.88 3.35E−04 5 30 LGN7 0.74 9.26E−03 4 22 LGN7 0.71 1.40E−02 3 4 LGN7 0.72 1.29E−02 3 25 LGN7 0.72 1.23E−02 3 47 Table 58. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 52. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 51. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 9 Production of Sorghum Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield, Drought and Lown Related Parameters Measured in Fields Using 65K Sorghum Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a sorghum oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [World Wide Web (dot) chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 65,000 sorghum genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with ABST, drought, low N and yield components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 36 different sorghum inbreds and hybrids were analyzed under normal (regular) conditions, 35 sorghum lines were analyzed under drought conditions and 34 sorghum lines were analyzed under low N (nitrogen) conditions. All the lines were sent for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [World Wide Web (dot) davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

36 Sorghum varieties were grown in 5 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

1. Regular growth conditions: sorghum plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols, which include 549 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period and fertilization of 16 units of URAN® 21% (Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution; PCS Sales, Northbrook, Ill., USA) (normal growth conditions).

2. Drought conditions: sorghum seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition until vegetative stage (49 days from sowing), drought treatment was imposed by irrigating plants with approximately 60% of the water applied for the normal treatment [315 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period].

3. Low Nitrogen fertilization conditions: sorghum plants were sown in soil and irrigated with as the normal conditions (549 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period). No fertilization of nitrogen was applied, whereas other elements were fertilized as in the normal conditions.

Analyzed Sorghum tissues—All 36 Sorghum inbreds and hybrids were sample per each of the treatments. Tissues [Flag leaf and root] representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 59 below.

TABLE 59 Sorghum transcriptome expression sets in field experiment Expression Set Set ID Flag leaf at grain filling stage under normal conditions 1 Root at seedling stage under normal conditions 2 Flag leaf at grain filling stage under drought conditions 3 Flag leaf at grain filling stage under low nitrogen 4 conditions Table 59: Provided are the sorghum transcriptome expression sets. Flag leaf = the leaf below the flower.

Sorghum yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were phenotyped as shown in Tables 60-61 below. Some of the following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

Grains yield per dunam (kg)—At the end of the growing period all heads were collected (harvest). Heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted (grain yield). Grains yield per dunam was calculated by multiplying grain yield per m² by 1000 (dunam is 1000 m²).

Grains yield per plant (plot) (gr)—At the end of the growing period all heads were collected (harvest). Heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted (grain yield). The average grain weight per plant was calculated by dividing the grain yield by the number of plants per plot.

Grains yield per head (gr)—At the end of the growing period all heads were collected (harvest). Heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted (grain yield. Grains yield per head was calculated by dividing the grain yield by the number of heads.

Main head grains yield per plant (gr)—At the end of the growing period all plants were collected (harvest). Main heads were threshed and grains were weighted. Main head grains yield per plant was calculated by dividing the grain yield of the main heads by the number of plants.

Secondary heads grains yield per plant (gr)—At the end of the growing period all plants were collected (harvest). Secondary heads were threshed and grains were weighted. Secondary heads grain yield per plant was calculated by dividing the grain yield of the secondary heads by the number of plants.

Heads dry weight per dunam (kg)—At the end of the growing period heads of all plants were collected (harvest). Heads were weighted after oven dry (dry weight).

Heads dry weight per dunam was calculated by multiplying grain yield per m² by 1000 (dunam is 1000 m²).

Average heads weight per plant at flowering (gr)—At flowering stage heads of 4 plants per plot were collected. Heads were weighted after oven dry (dry weight), and divided by the number of plants.

Leaf carbon isotope discrimination at harvest (%)—isotopic ratio of ¹³C to ¹²C in plant tissue was compared to the isotopic ratio of ¹³C to ¹²C in the atmosphere

Yield per dunam/water until maturity (kg/lit)—was calculated according to Formula XXXXII (above).

Vegetative dry weight per plant/water until maturity (gr/lit)—was calculated according to Formula XXXXIII above.

Total dry matter per plant at harvest/water until maturity (gr/lit)—was calculated according to Formula XXXXIV above.

Yield/SPAD at grain filling (kg/SPAD units) was calculated according to Formula XXXXVII above.

Grains number per dunam (num)—Grains yield per dunam divided by the average 1000 grain weight.

Grains per plant (num)—Grains yield per plant divided by the average 1000 grain weight.

Main head grains num per plant (num)—main head grain yield divided by the number of plants.

1000 grain weight (gr)—was calculated according to Formula XIV above.

Grain area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the head (harvest). A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain fill duration (num)—Duration of grain filling period was calculated by subtracting the number of days to flowering from the number of days to maturity.

Grain fill duration (GDD)—Duration of grain filling period according to the growing degree units (GDD) method. The accumulated GDD during the grain filling period was calculated by subtracting the Num days to Anthesis (GDD) from Num days to Maturity (GDD).

Yield per dunam filling rate (kg/day)—was calculated according to Formula XXXIX (using grain yield per dunam).

Yield per plant filling rate (gr/day)—was calculated according to Formula XXXIX (using grain yield per plant).

Head area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period (harvest) 6 plants main heads were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The head area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of plants.

Number days to flag leaf senescence (num)—the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to Flag leaf senescence (above half of the leaves are yellow).

Number days to flag leaf senescence (GDD)—Number days to flag leaf senescence according to the growing degree units method. The accumulated GDD from sowing until flag leaf senescence.

% yellow leaves number at flowering (percentage)—At flowering stage, leaves of 4 plants per plot were collected. Yellow and green leaves were separately counted. Percent of yellow leaves at flowering was calculated for each plant by dividing yellow leaves number per plant by the overall number of leaves per plant and multiplying by 100.

% yellow leaves number at harvest (percentage)—At the end of the growing period (harvest) yellow and green leaves from 6 plants per plot were separately counted. Percent of the yellow leaves was calculated per each plant by dividing yellow leaves number per plant by the overall number of leaves per plant and multiplying by 100.

Leaf temperature at flowering (° celsius)—Leaf temperature was measured at flowering stage using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on 4 plants per plot on an open flag leaf.

Specific leaf area at flowering (cm²/gr)—was calculated according to Formula XXXVII above.

Flag leaf thickness at flowering (mm)—At the flowering stage, flag leaf thickness was measured for 4 plants per plot. Micrometer was used to measure the thickness of a flag leaf at an intermediate position between the border and the midrib.

Relative water content at flowering (percentage)—was calculated based on Formula I above.

Leaf water content at flowering (percentage)—was calculated based on Formula XXXXIX above.

Stem water content at flowering (percentage)—was calculated based on Formula XXXXVIII above.

Total heads per dunam at harvest (number)—At the end of the growing period the total number of heads per plot was counted (harvest). Total heads per dunam was calculated by multiplying heads number per m² by 1000 (dunam is 1000 m²).

Heads per plant (num)—At the end of the growing period total number of heads were counted and divided by the total number plants.

Tillering per plant (num)—Tillers of 6 plants per plot were counted at harvest stage and divided by the number of plants.

Harvest index (plot) (ratio)—The harvest index was calculated using Formula LVIII above.

Heads index (ratio)—Heads index was calculated using Formula XXXXVI above.

Total dry matter per plant at flowering (gr)—Total dry matter per plant was calculated at flowering. The vegetative portion above ground and all the heads dry weight of 4 plants per plot were summed and divided by the number of plants.

Total dry matter per plant (kg)—Total dry matter per plant at harvest was calculated by summing the average head dry weight and the average vegetative dry weight of 6 plants per plot.

Vegetative dry weight per plant at flowering (gr)—At the flowering stage, vegetative material (excluding roots) of 4 plants per plot were collected and weighted after (dry weight) oven dry. The biomass per plant was calculated by dividing total biomass by the number of plants.

Vegetative dry weight per plant (kg)—At the harvest stage, all vegetative material (excluding roots) were collected and weighted after (dry weight) oven dry.

Vegetative dry weight per plant was calculated by dividing the total biomass by the number of plants.

Plant height growth (cm/day)—The relative growth rate (RGR) of plant height was calculated based on Formula III above.

% Canopy coverage at flowering (percentage)—The % Canopy coverage at flowering was calculated based on Formula XXXII above.

PAR_LAI (Photosynthetic active radiance—Leaf area index)—Leaf area index values were determined using an AccuPAR Ceptometer Model LP-80 and measurements were performed at flowering stage with three measurements per plot.

Leaves area at flowering (cm²)—Green leaves area of 4 plants per plot was measured at flowering stage. Measurement was performed using a Leaf area-meter.

SPAD at vegetative stage (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at vegetative stage. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaves of 4 plants per plot by performing three measurements per leaf per plant.

SPAD at flowering (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at flowering stage. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaves of 4 plants per plot by performing three measurements per leaf per plant.

SPAD at grain filling (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at grain filling stage. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaves of 4 plants per plot by performing three measurements per leaf per plant.

RUE (Radiation use efficiency)—(gr/% canopy coverage)—Total dry matter produced per intercepted PAR at flowering stage was calculated by dividing the average total dry matter per plant at flowering by the percent of canopy coverage.

Lower stem width at flowering (mm)—Lower stem width was measured at the flowering stage. Lower internodes from 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their diameter was measured using a caliber.

Upper stem width at flowering (mm)—Upper stem width was measured at flowering stage. Upper internodes from 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their diameter was measured using a caliber.

All stem volume at flowering (cm³)—was calculated based on Formula L above.

Number days to heading (num)—Number of days to heading was calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrive heading.

Number days to heading (GDD)—Number days to heading according to the growing degree units method. The accumulated GDD from sowing until heading stage.

Number days to anthesis (num)—Number of days to flowering was calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrive anthesis.

Number days to anthesis (GDD)—Number days to anthesis according to the growing degree units method. The accumulated GDD from sowing until anthesis stage.

Number days to maturity (GDD)—Number days to maturity according to the growing degree units method. The accumulated GDD from sowing until maturity stage.

N (Nitrogen) use efficiency (kg/kg)—was calculated based on Formula LI above.

Total NUtE—was calculated based on Formula LIII above.

Grain NUtE—was calculated based on Formula LV above.

NUpE (kg/kg)—was calculated based on Formula LII above.

N (Nitrogen) harvest index (Ratio)—was calculated based on Formula LVI above.

% N (Nitrogen) in shoot at flowering—% N content of dry matter in the shoot at flowering.

% N (Nitrogen) in head at flowering—% N content of dry matter in the head at flowering.

% N in (Nitrogen) shoot at harvest—% N content of dry matter in the shoot at harvest.

% N (Nitrogen) in grain at harvest—% N content of dry matter in the grain at harvest.

Data parameters collected are summarized in Tables 60-61 herein below.

TABLE 60 Sorghum correlated parameters under normal and low N conditions (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID % Canopy coverage (F) [%] 1 % yellow leaves number (F) [%] 2 % yellow leaves number (H) [%] 3 % N in grain (H) [%] 4 % N in head (F) [%] 5 % N in shoot (F) [%] 6 % N in shoot (H) [%] 7 1000 grain weight [gr.] 8 All stem volume (F) [cm³] 9 Average heads weight per plant (F) [gr.] 10 Flag Leaf thickness (F) [mm] 11 Grain N utilization efficiency [ratio] 12 Grain area [cm²] 13 Grain fill duration [num] 14 Grain fill duration (GDD) 15 Grains yield per dunam [kg] 16 Grains yield per head (RP) [gr.] 17 Grains number per dunam [num] 18 Grains per plant (plot) [num] 19 Grains yield per plant (plot) [gr.] 20 Harvest index (plot) [ratio] 21 Head Area [cm²] 22 Heads dry weight per dunam [kg] 23 Heads index (SP) [Ratio] 24 Heads per plant (RP) [num] 25 Leaf carbon isotope discrimination (H) (%) 26 Leaf temperature (F) [° C.] 27 Leaf water content (F) [%] 28 Leaves area (F) [cm²] 29 Lower Stem width (F) [mm] 30 Main head grains num per plant [num] 31 Main head grains yield per plant [gr] 32 N harvest index [ratio] 33 N use efficiency [ratio] 34 Number days to Anthesis [num] 35 Number days to Anthesis (GDD) 36 Number days to Flag leaf senescence [num] 37 Number days to Flag leaf senescence (GDD) 38 Number days to Heading (GDD) 39 Number days to Maturity (GDD) 40 NupE (H) [ratio] 41 PAR_LAI (F) [μmol m⁻² S⁻¹] 42 Plant height growth [cm/day] 43 RUE [gr./% canopy coverage] 44 RWC (F) [%] 45 SPAD (F) [SPAD unit] 46 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 47 SPAD_(veg) [SPAD unit] 48 Secondary heads grains yield per plant [gr.] 49 Specific leaf area (F) [cm²/gr] 50 Stem water content (F) [%] 51 TDM (F)/water until flowering [gr./lit] 52 TDM (SP)/water until maturity [kg/lit] 53 Tillering per plant (SP) [number] 54 Total Heads per dunam (H) [number] 55 Total N utilization efficiency (H) [ratio] 56 Total dry matter per plant (F) [gr.] 57 Total dry matter per plant (SP) [kg] 58 Upper Stem width (F) [mm] 59 VDW (F)/water until flowering [gr./lit] 60 VDW (SP)/water until maturity [gr./lit] 61 Vegetative DW per plant (F) [gr.] 62 Vegetative DW per plant (RP) [kg] 63 Yield per dunam filling rate [kg/day] 64 Yield per dunam/water until maturity [kg/ml] 65 Yield per plant filling rate [gr./day] 66 Yield/SPAD (GF) [ratio] 67 Table 60. Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors). “kg” = kilograms; “gr.” = grams; “RP” = Rest of plot; “SP” = Selected plants; “lit” = liter; “ml” milliliter; “cm” = centimeter; “num” = number; “GDD” Growing degree day; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “DW” = Plant Dry weight; “GF” = grain filling growth stage; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “N”—Nitrogen; “NupE”—Nitrogen uptake efficiency; “VDW” = vegetative dry weight; “TDM” = Total dry matter. “RUE” = radiation use efficiency; “RWC” relative water content; “veg” = vegetative stage.

TABLE 61 Sorghum correlated parameters under drought conditions (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID % Canopy coverage (F) [%] 1 % yellow leaves number (F) [%] 2 % yellow leaves number (H) [%] 3 1000 grain weight [gr.] 4 All stem volume (F) [cm³] 5 Average heads weight per plant (F) [gr.] 6 Flag Leaf thickness (F) [mm] 7 Grain area [cm²] 8 Grain fill duration [number] 9 Grain fill duration (GDD) 10 Grains yield per dunam [kg] 11 Grains yield per head (RP) [gr.] 12 Grains number per dunam [number] 13 Grains per plant (plot) [number] 14 Grains yield per plant (plot) [gr.] 15 Harvest index (plot) [ratio] 16 Head Area [cm²] 17 Heads dry weight per dunam [kg] 18 Heads index (SP) [ratio] 19 Heads per plant (RP) [number] 20 Leaf carbon isotope discrimination (H) (%) 21 Leaf temperature (F) [° C.] 22 Leaf water content (F) [%] 23 Leaves area (F) [cm²] 24 Lower Stem width (F) [mm] 25 Main head grains num per plant [num] 26 Main head grains yield per plant [gr.] 27 Number days to Anthesis [number] 28 Number days to Anthesis (GDD) 29 Number days to Flag leaf senescence [number] 30 Number days to Flag leaf senescence (GDD) 31 Number days to Heading (GDD) 32 Number days to Maturity (GDD) 33 PAR_LAI (F) [μmol m⁻² S⁻¹] 34 Plant height growth [cm/day] 35 RUE [gr./% canopy coverage] 36 RWC (F) [%] 37 SPAD (F) [SPAD unit] 38 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 39 SPAD_(veg) [SPAD unit] 40 Secondary heads grains yield per plant [gr.] 41 Specific leaf area (F) [cm²/gr.] 42 Stem water content (F) [%] 43 TDM (F)/water until flowering [gr./lit] 44 TDM (SP)/water until maturity [kg/lit] 45 Tillering per plant (SP) [number] 46 Total Heads per dunam (H) [number] 47 Total dry matter per plant (F) [gr.] 48 Total dry matter per plant (SP) [kg] 49 Upper Stem width (F) [mm] 50 VDW (F)/water until flowering [gr./lit] 51 VDW (SP)/water until maturity [gr./lit] 52 Vegetative DW per plant (F) [gr.] 53 Vegetative DW per plant (RP) [kg] 54 Yield per dunam filling rate [kg/day] 55 Yield per dunam/water until maturity [kg/ml] 56 Yield per plant filling rate [gr./day] 57 Yield/SPAD (GF) [ratio] 58 Table 61. Provided are the Sorghum correlated parameters (vectors). “kg” = kilograms; “gr.” = grams; “RP” = Rest of plot; “SP” = Selected plants; “lit” = liter; “ml”—milliliter; “cm” = centimeter; “num” = number; “GDD”—Growing degree day; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “DW” = Plant Dry weight; “GF” = grain filling growth stage; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “N”—Nitrogen; “NupE”—Nitrogen uptake efficiency; “VDW” = vegetative dry weight; “TDM” = Total dry matter. “RUE” = radiation use efficiency; “RWC” relative water content; “veg” = vegetative stage.

Experimental Results

Thirty-six different sorghum inbreds and hybrids lines were grown and characterized for different parameters (Tables 60-61). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 62-76) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Tables 77-79). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 62 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under normal conditions L/ Corr. ID L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 L-6 L-7 1 87.281 90.111 75.670 75.599 76.138 69.928 84.375 2 0.144 0.244 0.080 0.134 0.274 0.132 0.101 3 0.265 0.157 0.323 0.389 0.323 0.095 0.139 4 1.910 NA 1.621 2.086 NA 1.594 NA 5 2.315 NA 2.722 1.844 NA 1.970 NA 6 1.729 NA 1.414 1.303 NA 1.602 NA 7 1.080 NA 0.559 0.722 NA 1.112 NA 8 29.796 32.044 33.782 31.335 29.964 24.146 18.356 9 23261.2 19941.6 14878.4 31092.4 39294.6 13029.4 33015.4 10 17.005 17.720 9.727 10.183 37.679 11.140 11.271 11 0.179 0.144 0.144 0.164 0.127 0.186 0.138 12 18.510 NA 35.872 31.063 NA 30.945 NA 13 0.119 0.133 0.130 0.136 0.130 0.105 0.092 14 35.0 32.4 31.0 32.4 27.6 32.8 23.4 15 459.6 407.9 396.8 423.6 358.8 414.6 305.6 16 818.9 893.2 861.8 912.8 661.8 612.2 421.0 17 30.311 32.849 25.408 21.427 37.294 33.226 17.030 18 27117640 27702000 25021020 29202780 21264980 25132460 20308520 19 2766.2 3370.4 3162.2 4531.2 3464.5 3570.4 2267.5 20 77.2 103.5 100.8 130.3 100.3 72.4 43.5 21 0.225 0.271 0.281 0.335 0.271 0.306 0.126 22 134.403 96.685 112.799 101.680 106.065 84.074 105.631 23 1.046 1.062 0.956 1.010 0.797 0.768 0.747 24 0.345 0.399 0.393 0.453 0.384 0.536 0.344 25 1.125 1.306 1.712 2.280 1.144 1.151 1.287 26 −12.858 −13.200 −13.116 −12.834 −13.160 −13.047 −13.160 27 31.719 29.182 30.395 29.627 30.433 29.998 29.777 28 65.971 NA 74.090 71.840 63.293 77.500 70.016 29 16514.4 12058.4 12787.0 9932.2 11459.3 9116.4 9023.2 30 19.965 15.459 14.231 18.436 15.989 16.376 15.415 31 1322.3 1669.9 1615.1 1624.3 1784.3 1480.9 1008.7 32 38.221 53.811 55.644 51.041 53.356 35.979 19.751 33 0.354 NA 0.582 0.648 NA 0.493 NA 34 45.493 49.623 47.876 50.713 36.764 34.011 23.390 35 89.200 83.000 85.800 88.400 88.800 84.250 93.400 36 777.6 709.7 740.6 768.4 773.0 725.7 831.9 37 141.0 119.0 125.5 139.0 117.2 NA 126.8 38 1469.5 1165.8 1254.9 1441.2 1142.7 NA 1272.0 39 739.4 625.3 709.0 721.1 763.8 629.6 769.5 40 1237.2 1117.6 1137.4 1191.9 1131.7 1137.4 1137.4 41 1.913 NA 1.325 1.560 NA 1.101 NA 42 5.343 5.581 4.415 3.763 3.620 4.009 4.920 43 1.239 2.549 2.039 2.011 2.764 1.118 2.183 44 2.275 1.339 1.025 1.111 2.105 1.071 1.959 45 90.821 91.678 91.192 88.713 88.259 84.493 87.219 46 56.865 52.452 49.170 55.132 48.239 53.323 48.915 47 56.255 56.293 53.347 59.058 52.039 54.248 47.028 48 48.517 42.450 43.114 42.131 39.272 45.967 33.339 49 2.452 7.004 2.201 30.987 5.723 2.838 2.331 50 137.546 148.278 164.775 175.755 162.372 150.487 110.243 51 53.794 77.831 79.822 78.527 67.250 77.975 71.874 52 0.674 0.455 0.275 0.282 0.542 0.278 0.454 53 0.038 0.047 0.043 0.048 0.047 0.030 0.037 54 1.233 3.276 4.133 3.172 1.100 2.333 3.067 55 25950 25250 31350 37950 15918 16250 23200 56 91.317 NA 123.160 89.001 NA 93.670 NA 57 198.503 120.895 77.763 83.147 159.607 70.670 143.281 58 0.193 0.218 0.198 0.235 0.217 0.137 0.172 59 11.284 9.932 8.125 10.664 9.863 9.022 8.265 60 0.616 0.388 0.240 0.248 0.414 0.236 0.418 61 0.025 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.029 0.013 0.024 62 181.498 103.175 68.036 72.964 121.928 59.530 132.010 63 0.097 0.103 0.106 0.088 0.101 0.080 0.126 64 23.358 27.649 27.843 28.188 23.948 20.032 17.887 65 1.617 1.919 1.851 1.851 1.422 1.261 0.904 66 1.110 1.880 1.860 2.542 2.100 1.133 0.932 67 24.016 33.690 33.966 48.089 37.960 28.385 23.686 Table 62: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 63 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under normal conditions L/ Corr. ID L-8 L-9 L-10 L-11 L-12 L-13 L-14 1 NA 89.502 95.076 92.841 67.342 80.367 72.241 2 0.000 0.061 0.145 0.130 0.183 0.096 0.121 3 0.166 0.578 0.550 0.321 0.231 0.040 0.129 4 NA 1.796 NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA 1.369 NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA 1.795 NA NA NA NA NA 7 NA 1.151 NA NA NA NA NA 8 22.636 23.197 17.265 26.974 24.677 22.564 16.849 9 9480.2 21372.2 57928.1 42021.2 15340.9 10035.2 20685.1 10 6.766 11.973 22.375 35.695 8.805 10.347 23.983 11 NA 0.179 0.150 0.206 0.178 0.197 0.173 12 NA 26.691 NA NA NA NA NA 13 0.119 0.098 0.086 0.116 0.105 0.103 0.083 14 37.0 32.4 20.8 35.2 37.4 41.0 29.3 15 433.9 425.1 285.1 479.2 478.2 528.2 401.3 16 154.3 663.3 457.0 473.8 257.0 664.8 297.9 17 8.572 27.917 30.839 39.469 9.213 29.013 15.133 18 6938386 26620980 23566280 16059440 10047874 24969700 15586667 19 883.9 3870.3 3226.6 3209.9 1567.8 2899.6 3451.8 20 18.7 89.4 57.3 86.9 37.1 67.9 62.4 21 0.172 0.295 0.062 0.177 0.168 0.291 0.150 22 226.157 156.424 120.418 210.453 121.302 74.783 244.476 23 0.241 0.850 0.588 0.613 0.495 0.846 0.336 24 0.414 0.485 0.127 0.310 0.476 0.443 0.322 25 1.038 1.397 0.950 1.002 1.317 1.256 1.428 26 −13.473 −12.825 −12.990 −13.379 −12.587 −13.140 NA 27 NA 29.518 31.398 28.672 29.792 29.705 29.464 28 70.199 73.164 71.107 69.660 80.116 75.597 70.564 29 3520.4 12434.2 18050.2 16771.2 7915.8 8866.2 18167.7 30 9.303 20.503 21.948 22.635 17.902 13.734 24.669 31 450.1 1979.2 1582.7 1734.6 932.8 1362.5 2390.5 32 9.952 46.648 28.461 46.906 22.198 31.058 43.412 33 NA 0.479 NA NA NA NA NA 34 8.574 36.852 25.390 26.320 14.279 36.932 16.553 35 77.750 90.200 119.000 107.000 83.800 84.000 113.333 36 650.1 790.9 1167.9 1008.4 719.1 721.1 1091.8 37 112.6 148.8 149.3 152.2 148.7 121.3 152.0 38 1078.8 1581.4 1588.7 1630.5 1580.3 1198.4 1628.1 39 630.5 756.2 NA 945.3 621.2 663.5 945.3 40 1084.0 1216.0 1453.0 1487.6 1197.2 1122.6 1493.0 41 NA 1.527 NA NA NA NA NA 42 NA 6.036 7.090 3.898 2.935 4.595 2.359 43 2.839 0.820 1.486 1.199 1.106 1.199 0.616 44 NA 1.213 3.128 2.504 1.093 0.853 3.219 45 91.501 83.981 85.877 89.036 85.516 88.043 89.730 46 NA 57.607 53.649 59.822 50.902 54.497 58.942 47 60.127 59.927 50.535 58.642 51.887 52.722 57.114 48 48.864 45.617 39.567 43.694 45.175 42.747 36.967 49 0.107 4.372 0.215 NA 2.750 1.468 0.700 50 191.109 123.281 143.880 118.611 171.938 154.855 121.095 51 83.448 72.340 74.514 63.236 76.242 75.934 56.029 52 0.123 0.354 0.619 0.581 0.259 0.265 0.514 53 0.014 0.033 0.074 0.044 0.028 0.022 0.045 54 1.433 2.933 1.700 2.233 3.267 2.133 1.941 55 17500 22300 14750 11450 24700 21250 18694 56 NA 88.485 NA NA NA NA NA 57 26.001 108.460 292.856 232.745 72.540 68.447 233.233 58 0.060 0.170 0.415 0.248 0.132 0.107 0.252 59 7.777 9.952 7.341 11.882 9.938 9.195 9.462 60 0.092 0.316 0.589 0.492 0.228 0.224 0.461 61 0.008 0.017 0.064 0.031 0.015 0.012 0.031 62 19.236 96.488 278.538 197.050 63.735 58.100 209.250 63 0.033 0.074 0.474 0.178 0.058 0.078 0.126 64 3.968 20.500 21.872 13.193 6.880 19.827 10.751 65 0.321 1.311 0.811 0.841 0.515 1.386 0.529 66 0.279 1.579 1.391 1.358 0.669 0.855 1.507 67 7.545 35.974 32.965 29.782 20.168 26.248 42.091 Table 63: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 64 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under normal conditions L/ Corr. ID L-15 L-16 L-17 L-18 L-19 L-20 L-21 1 72.683 66.338 90.911 68.461 92.993 62.232 85.473 2 0.188 0.229 0.246 0.036 0.173 0.015 0.147 3 0.142 0.213 0.272 0.241 0.302 0.141 0.042 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8 28.154 21.772 16.872 37.026 18.169 28.835 17.383 9 12649.4 15432.6 14500.7 26609.8 17621.5 13556.3 12018.1 10 9.566 14.145 7.660 24.738 24.100 13.475 16.594 11 0.169 0.195 0.144 0.209 0.162 0.204 0.189 12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 13 0.122 0.115 0.082 0.146 0.093 0.121 0.089 14 29.0 25.2 26.2 29.8 29.8 29.8 23.2 15 364.0 331.6 342.0 390.9 395.4 385.1 303.8 16 731.8 609.8 378.1 470.8 291.5 496.6 611.0 17 33.025 29.503 14.878 22.175 8.100 29.570 30.116 18 23737260 25534520 19319316 12802788 14629600 16643442 31788060 19 3187.1 3304.8 2184.2 2187.1 1951.8 2731.1 3818.6 20 88.0 72.9 39.1 76.0 37.0 75.9 67.5 21 0.324 0.322 0.187 0.179 0.110 0.351 0.264 22 82.036 106.139 129.335 86.311 83.329 114.026 90.007 23 0.860 0.762 0.646 0.602 0.619 0.523 0.717 24 0.472 0.519 0.302 0.326 0.278 0.508 0.350 25 1.092 0.995 1.238 1.530 2.057 1.029 1.125 26 −12.993 −12.733 −13.153 −13.293 −13.003 −13.193 −12.820 27 31.278 31.219 30.157 30.914 28.892 30.677 30.455 28 75.275 63.086 71.865 76.103 66.483 78.473 76.381 29 16019.6 20833.0 13190.4 16299.6 12096.8 11573.2 11655.8 30 16.079 20.902 16.868 22.274 16.304 19.221 19.066 31 1554.3 1950.9 993.2 848.9 686.6 1329.0 1808.6 32 43.158 43.208 17.962 31.778 12.954 37.849 32.471 33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 34 40.655 33.876 21.007 26.157 16.195 27.587 33.944 35 84.600 98.000 90.600 94.250 101.750 88.200 94.400 36 728.4 892.5 795.5 843.1 940.9 769.5 845.1 37 124.6 NA NA 152.0 146.5 NA 137.0 38 1242.8 NA NA 1628.1 1548.8 NA 1412.0 39 697.4 853.3 728.4 755.8 892.4 655.3 763.8 40 1092.4 1224.1 1137.4 1234.0 1336.3 1154.5 1148.8 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 3.761 3.525 6.377 3.866 3.975 3.048 4.783 43 1.410 0.857 0.899 1.223 1.516 0.728 0.672 44 1.057 2.424 0.892 3.957 1.631 1.325 2.274 45 91.944 91.411 83.596 90.879 87.878 90.201 89.471 46 52.616 49.062 53.885 61.513 51.442 51.583 47.937 47 54.250 49.787 54.842 61.803 54.223 55.648 51.650 48 45.100 42.950 40.211 42.363 31.746 49.622 41.847 49 0.947 0.253 5.632 10.957 5.365 5.890 1.704 50 179.108 183.038 159.180 157.503 111.333 163.526 142.593 51 82.154 54.697 76.659 48.349 62.765 81.034 29.074 52 0.259 0.445 0.270 0.791 0.409 0.257 0.557 53 0.028 0.025 0.027 0.045 0.028 0.028 0.028 54 1.800 1.367 1.893 4.500 5.125 2.700 1.100 55 19607 18300 23150 22688 43348 14874 18626 56 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 57 74.384 153.130 81.275 258.144 151.944 76.769 187.014 58 0.130 0.126 0.126 0.226 0.158 0.132 0.132 59 8.001 11.433 7.689 12.311 6.849 10.761 7.708 60 0.226 0.404 0.244 0.715 0.344 0.212 0.508 61 0.015 0.012 0.019 0.031 0.018 0.013 0.019 62 64.818 138.985 73.615 233.406 127.844 63.294 170.420 63 0.078 0.058 0.052 0.144 0.131 0.055 0.080 64 25.244 24.209 14.898 15.893 10.411 16.378 27.151 65 1.572 1.204 0.812 0.943 0.527 1.067 1.313 66 1.500 1.718 0.814 1.448 0.627 1.519 1.498 67 28.845 39.385 20.533 19.312 18.413 27.835 36.209 Table 64: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 65 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under normal conditions L/ Corr. ID L-22 L-23 L-24 L-25 L-26 L-27 L-28 1 76.025 92.104 88.446 62.175 54.728 94.411 57.550 2 0.043 0.125 0.245 0.128 0.114 0.327 0.077 3 0.059 0.413 0.788 0.188 0.152 0.635 0.139 4 NA NA 1.542 1.604 NA NA NA 5 NA NA 1.862 1.651 NA NA NA 6 NA NA 0.795 1.293 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 0.408 0.834 NA NA NA 8 21.378 27.975 27.046 28.951 20.937 29.442 22.508 9 8397.1 28819.2 52862.1 23299.4 8716.9 NA 18934.9 10 8.594 27.635 17.499 15.463 15.008 NA 20.314 11 NA 0.164 0.175 0.147 0.153 0.170 0.177 12 NA NA 35.130 39.995 NA NA NA 13 0.103 0.129 0.116 0.129 0.103 0.125 0.112 14 40.6 35.2 25.0 31.6 33.0 20.4 28.6 15 500.3 476.6 343.1 415.1 423.7 268.2 363.8 16 307.6 221.0 685.9 792.0 449.8 626.1 497.1 17 13.291 8.403 37.595 48.252 25.124 31.626 30.856 18 13130962 6653443 23933120 24881460 19456260 19639820 21045320 19 2058.7 1109.8 3819.2 5346.8 2650.3 3204.7 3102.0 20 44.3 33.6 101.5 153.4 56.4 93.6 69.0 21 0.271 0.076 0.174 0.367 0.250 0.238 0.245 22 55.030 200.519 136.462 192.125 85.898 119.330 151.300 23 0.361 0.417 0.981 0.898 0.636 0.748 0.826 24 0.417 0.204 0.337 0.594 0.453 0.358 0.586 25 1.823 2.179 1.059 1.290 1.022 1.443 1.143 26 −12.720 −13.077 −12.408 −13.138 −12.827 −12.677 −13.003 27 28.560 29.173 28.565 29.963 31.465 31.661 31.462 28 NA 67.303 69.978 68.160 72.923 67.295 76.050 29 6785.6 14171.8 21989.2 13038.3 10639.6 NA 14682.2 30 14.975 20.277 21.868 18.888 18.942 23.163 21.965 31 756.2 573.1 2299.1 3152.2 1392.1 1579.3 1438.0 32 16.799 17.540 62.192 89.345 29.968 46.760 33.521 33 NA NA 0.542 0.641 NA NA NA 34 17.088 12.280 38.105 43.998 24.989 34.782 27.619 35 74.400 106.000 115.200 89.600 85.400 102.000 86.200 36 611.9 996.2 1115.4 782.2 736.1 945.3 745.5 37 NA 148.6 143.0 132.0 NA 150.8 113.0 38 NA 1579.1 1498.6 1343.5 NA 1610.7 1084.0 39 530.3 945.3 945.3 740.6 693.3 879.3 709.0 40 1112.2 1472.8 1458.5 1197.3 1159.8 1213.4 1109.2 41 NA NA 1.211 1.089 NA NA NA 42 3.564 4.343 3.259 2.881 2.372 7.275 2.811 43 0.971 1.152 1.116 1.598 0.782 0.972 0.872 44 0.665 3.191 3.362 2.569 1.450 NA 1.450 45 94.615 88.734 89.247 89.338 90.476 91.910 91.291 46 52.657 54.712 52.455 57.742 53.535 50.162 54.922 47 47.168 55.997 52.395 57.607 56.565 52.338 54.393 48 40.922 35.689 41.167 43.278 44.881 40.239 42.969 49 4.103 1.835 NA 5.049 1.249 NA NA 50 166.853 108.385 139.894 164.925 164.415 NA 156.660 51 NA 57.267 68.469 53.460 79.583 NA 84.561 52 0.242 0.722 0.627 0.457 0.251 NA 0.277 53 0.015 0.044 0.053 0.049 0.025 0.035 0.026 54 3.500 4.833 1.000 1.200 2.067 1.200 1.000 55 22218 27333 15850 13893 16300 17150 14650 56 NA NA 169.680 105.928 NA NA NA 57 49.924 292.635 293.874 134.600 70.658 NA 81.484 58 0.068 0.249 0.298 0.240 0.119 0.176 0.123 59 8.244 8.408 11.429 10.412 9.618 11.290 11.574 60 0.200 0.654 0.589 0.405 0.198 NA 0.208 61 0.008 0.036 0.035 0.020 0.014 0.022 0.011 62 41.331 265.000 276.375 119.138 55.650 NA 61.170 63 0.062 0.234 0.219 0.087 0.064 0.153 0.089 64 7.551 6.500 27.784 25.602 13.995 30.555 17.432 65 0.661 0.392 1.217 1.618 0.958 1.253 1.068 66 0.515 0.579 2.497 2.901 0.923 2.422 1.173 67 20.552 11.458 43.991 53.278 25.074 31.330 26.607 Table 65: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 66 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under normal conditions L-29 L-30 L-31 L-32 L-33 L-34 L-35 L-36 85.797 88.767 92.567 87.286 81.636 90.129 66.243 82.308 0.090 0.127 0.300 0.171 0.033 0.087 0.240 0.131 0.000 0.018 0.168 0.256 0.117 0.148 0.226 0.263 NA NA 1.841 NA NA 1.557 NA 1.840 NA NA 1.927 NA NA 1.704 NA 2.047 NA NA 1.324 NA NA 1.235 NA 1.340 NA NA 0.971 NA NA 1.231 NA 0.631 25.949 28.407 26.752 21.833 25.432 23.457 22.609 28.331 14471.9 11682.4 12897.2 27195.9 18515.8 16533.5 14367.4 45771.7 14.808 12.239 9.899 29.627 37.964 17.009 18.987 24.612 NA NA NA 0.214 0.189 0.172 0.168 0.156 NA NA 32.593 NA NA 26.714 NA 19.842 0.110 0.120 0.111 0.102 0.111 0.109 0.104 0.116 42.5 42.5 40.2 26.8 32.5 30.0 31.4 33.4 525.9 525.9 493.6 352.0 425.1 394.9 413.3 438.2 693.9 663.0 668.8 861.9 904.6 757.3 874.2 653.2 35.499 35.632 29.956 55.999 52.706 46.218 48.680 27.175 25439325 22595225 23516220 35903040 35910300 30637940 37887500 22720400 3607.6 2713.3 3012.8 5869.7 5994.7 4733.1 4927.1 3710.2 91.9 74.1 80.3 130.1 122.6 108.7 112.8 99.9 0.358 0.345 0.316 0.284 0.312 0.307 0.308 0.135 115.146 141.714 99.027 174.094 245.323 194.992 180.424 136.020 0.816 0.810 0.845 1.027 1.014 0.968 1.139 0.787 0.545 0.583 0.549 0.466 0.556 0.464 0.472 0.223 1.152 1.124 1.215 1.060 1.142 1.100 1.000 1.458 −13.360 −13.000 −13.074 −12.850 NA −12.561 −12.790 −13.138 28.573 29.033 28.020 30.095 30.456 30.082 30.047 30.042 NA NA NA 52.561 44.281 35.418 75.142 65.973 10885.3 9702.0 12009.2 20599.4 16039.3 17728.8 17360.8 15975.6 17.356 16.629 15.102 21.631 20.556 19.409 15.657 20.886 1964.2 1191.6 1513.4 2925.2 3386.4 2454.2 2247.4 2021.1 50.815 34.030 40.866 65.669 79.769 57.320 62.729 56.619 NA NA 0.600 NA NA 0.416 NA 0.365 38.550 36.836 37.154 47.882 50.257 42.075 48.569 36.288 74.000 74.000 74.000 94.000 88.500 93.000 90.000 92.000 607.3 607.3 607.3 840.0 769.5 826.7 786.8 814.0 NA NA NA 146.2 NA NA NA 141.3 NA NA NA 1544.8 NA NA NA 1473.8 563.9 537.3 591.0 769.5 715.1 756.1 756.1 768.4 1133.1 1133.1 1100.8 1191.9 1194.6 1221.5 1200.0 1252.2 NA NA 1.259 NA NA 1.475 NA 1.753 4.767 4.959 5.747 6.056 5.245 6.680 3.387 4.763 1.023 0.956 0.985 0.836 1.123 0.878 0.941 1.778 0.815 0.635 0.635 4.936 4.053 3.010 2.100 2.885 92.400 91.807 91.379 87.241 87.942 85.656 90.903 92.520 53.863 60.083 51.130 49.700 57.019 55.100 53.853 53.908 51.479 54.694 50.473 54.407 55.754 53.633 52.791 55.657 43.450 47.839 43.086 44.086 45.079 46.697 44.811 41.231 0.547 0.412 6.979 3.442 6.650 1.205 NA 7.502 173.345 151.866 167.177 104.022 82.278 66.905 172.576 131.264 NA NA NA 20.553 37.994 37.398 70.132 66.732 0.330 0.271 0.286 1.226 1.098 0.814 0.478 0.751 0.030 0.024 0.027 0.051 0.046 0.040 0.040 0.079 3.583 3.542 2.893 2.167 1.000 1.067 1.133 2.733 19875 17979 21600 14064 16583 15400 16500 21250 NA NA 91.382 NA NA 88.568 NA 129.502 68.156 56.023 59.009 403.078 323.425 264.537 140.877 231.139 0.141 0.110 0.128 0.250 0.227 0.198 0.198 0.397 10.101 8.910 8.771 10.075 11.503 8.806 8.564 10.101 0.258 0.212 0.238 1.136 0.969 0.761 0.414 0.672 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.027 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.061 53.348 43.784 49.111 373.451 285.461 247.528 121.890 206.527 0.056 0.062 0.074 0.128 0.072 0.083 0.083 0.283 16.317 15.588 16.523 32.231 27.382 25.113 27.842 20.006 1.491 1.424 1.437 1.744 1.811 1.516 1.773 1.289 1.198 0.805 1.121 2.499 2.397 1.923 2.014 1.840 37.987 21.984 32.670 54.300 58.941 46.085 50.530 39.929 Table 66: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 67 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 78.352 78.010 71.044 63.415 69.908 73.119 77.679 2 0.265 0.395 0.250 0.227 0.572 0.118 0.259 3 0.482 0.689 0.627 0.645 0.648 0.499 0.407 4 27.439 28.686 34.531 28.119 25.842 22.918 17.494 5 13008 13795 11883 22788 31653 9741 19460 6 17.990 13.835 9.456 12.471 25.544 9.745 9.906 7 0.150 0.131 0.144 0.134 0.131 0.187 0.109 8 0.117 0.126 0.135 0.130 0.122 0.103 0.092 9 31.8 32.2 32.0 31.6 25.4 32.6 23.4 10 415.250 404.350 403.300 409.850 330.450 408.850 306.550 11 539.551 494.005 653.565 568.314 358.361 474.717 364.646 12 29.007 16.979 17.260 22.347 22.506 35.358 15.765 13 19183840 17265920 20151620 18904060 12652968 19240800 18560870 14 2226.7 2367.6 2602.6 3022.6 2051.1 2957.7 2089.8 15 59.176 62.690 77.535 82.570 53.302 67.111 37.943 16 0.212 0.219 0.273 0.306 0.194 0.360 0.126 17 102.633 79.927 82.531 78.496 72.276 72.389 81.281 18 0.705 0.617 0.724 0.630 0.492 0.548 0.568 19 0.337 0.344 0.381 0.450 0.332 0.558 0.317 20 0.991 1.898 2.072 1.700 1.085 1.008 0.980 21 −13.414 −13.017 −13.382 −13.459 −13.873 −13.370 −13.373 22 31.247 32.383 33.132 31.790 30.903 30.877 30.608 23 62.944 NA 70.943 69.165 52.282 76.835 60.839 24 13806.8 10419.0 10992.0 10397.8 10516.7 6092.0 6199.8 25 18.287 14.355 14.355 19.096 16.932 14.936 14.148 26 1095.968 998.732 1092.335 1171.034 1082.701 1401.898 1073.967 27 30.359 29.024 37.874 32.879 28.818 32.257 19.801 28 89.6 82.6 83.4 87.4 90.6 82.2 95.0 29 784.8 704.9 714.2 757.7 795.5 700.4 853.3 30 130.5 114.2 114.0 122.4 114.2 126.7 121.4 31 1325.3 1100.8 1098.1 1213.0 1100.8 1274.7 1199.2 32 748.2 634.9 654.4 723.6 754.3 624.8 779.1 33 1200.0 1109.2 1117.5 1167.5 1125.9 1109.2 1159.8 34 4.029 3.966 3.795 3.048 3.039 3.921 3.843 35 0.878 2.066 1.571 1.326 1.870 1.130 2.069 36 2.156 1.293 1.270 1.381 2.127 0.784 1.403 37 83.152 84.266 86.926 81.749 82.840 89.485 77.472 38 52.365 49.910 45.253 50.397 43.083 51.762 45.108 39 53.561 49.293 47.657 51.112 42.562 54.852 45.172 40 48.936 43.208 42.797 42.117 35.542 47.492 35.083 41 0.040 4.854 4.636 14.192 3.058 1.145 3.180 42 126.869 146.608 158.066 160.683 116.771 135.768 83.774 43 42.918 75.713 75.807 77.106 66.004 75.820 71.374 44 0.937 0.625 0.532 0.498 0.847 0.370 0.577 45 0.056 0.063 0.058 0.055 0.051 0.036 0.061 46 1.107 3.200 3.433 3.300 1.000 1.100 4.379 47 17250 29257 36000 23967 15250 12688 21430 48 161.6 96.1 82.7 84.2 145.3 56.0 109.1 49 0.157 0.163 0.152 0.148 0.134 0.093 0.162 50 9.327 9.114 7.802 10.150 9.824 8.717 7.802 51 0.833 0.535 0.472 0.424 0.698 0.306 0.525 52 0.039 0.042 0.036 0.031 0.034 0.016 0.042 53 143.638 82.260 73.275 71.738 119.795 46.255 99.235 54 0.082 0.086 0.083 0.075 0.087 0.046 0.105 55 17.070 15.356 20.624 17.892 14.011 14.573 15.448 56 1.936 1.922 2.481 2.108 1.386 1.847 1.374 57 0.978 1.052 1.354 1.393 1.162 1.014 0.946 58 20.591 25.638 29.817 32.103 27.309 28.434 26.690 Table 67: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 68 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 NA 91.009 NA 80.988 70.467 79.809 75.754 2 0.000 0.321 0.278 0.314 0.234 0.115 0.301 3 0.210 0.625 0.760 0.675 0.573 0.364 0.427 4 21.718 21.765 12.299 28.297 23.752 23.529 27.665 5 7925 15391 46856 26600 13235 8101 9566 6 5.942 11.074 8.455 15.925 7.906 9.860 8.572 7 NA 0.165 0.145 0.171 0.145 0.163 0.162 8 0.113 0.097 0.070 0.120 0.106 0.105 0.121 9 37.0 28.3 18.3 28.8 37.2 30.6 29.8 10 453.500 369.250 193.900 391.700 469.150 384.250 374.550 11 176.209 586.838 95.022 321.492 275.869 459.694 426.101 12 10.824 23.190 6.566 16.696 9.493 25.781 22.166 13 8106154 25074700 6470276 10728240 11082880 17810750 14047530 14 922.6 3192.6 1275.3 2368.5 1297.7 2280.5 1687.8 15 18.754 68.585 17.454 66.288 29.768 53.878 46.381 16 0.192 0.296 0.027 0.174 0.180 0.252 0.349 17 188.433 128.804 80.847 114.857 78.775 70.477 54.292 18 0.265 0.706 0.227 0.354 0.443 0.566 0.588 19 0.464 0.469 0.083 0.291 0.421 0.434 0.500 20 1.048 1.362 0.948 1.121 1.458 1.193 1.045 21 −14.197 −13.146 −13.423 −13.618 −12.775 −13.560 −13.117 22 NA 31.738 NA 30.612 30.143 31.090 32.813 23 71.130 68.444 65.265 63.310 79.049 75.830 71.806 24 2894.0 9764.5 13474.8 14964.6 9651.0 6615.4 10532.6 25 9.019 19.935 23.125 21.705 17.476 13.403 17.250 26 363.433 1590.208 817.400 1579.043 630.300 898.267 875.433 27 7.775 35.168 11.282 45.210 15.017 21.266 24.160 28 76.0 90.3 132.0 112.4 80.4 83.4 84.2 29 630.5 791.9 1343.3 1080.7 679.7 713.9 723.6 30 111.8 143.3 150.0 150.6 147.3 113.0 114.0 31 1068.3 1501.6 1599.4 1607.3 1558.9 1084.0 1098.2 32 630.5 736.4 NA 945.3 625.3 607.3 709.0 33 1092.4 1161.1 1602.8 1472.4 1148.8 1098.1 1098.1 34 NA 6.238 NA 3.233 3.167 4.803 3.799 35 2.470 0.697 1.100 1.001 0.795 1.036 0.982 36 NA 1.062 NA 2.547 0.929 0.797 0.822 37 89.690 79.575 NA 85.392 86.918 84.460 84.347 38 NA 48.829 NA 50.915 50.778 52.048 50.596 39 55.544 50.777 NA 52.813 51.510 52.922 48.402 40 47.150 44.642 39.311 44.153 42.039 44.369 46.417 41 0.487 6.895 NA 0.837 1.119 0.373 2.202 42 188.735 106.494 96.881 104.467 161.086 116.682 152.401 43 83.199 68.185 53.838 56.668 78.389 74.750 77.709 44 0.179 0.560 1.177 0.873 0.429 0.414 0.384 45 0.014 0.048 0.109 0.058 0.033 0.041 0.030 46 1.200 2.826 1.067 1.667 3.267 2.828 2.759 47 16700 23063 12450 13300 29500 17843 18813 48 22.4 96.9 398.9 209.7 61.0 63.0 61.6 49 0.040 0.119 0.363 0.195 0.085 0.105 0.077 50 7.244 9.316 7.956 11.011 8.584 8.321 8.269 51 0.128 0.496 1.151 0.806 0.373 0.350 0.330 52 0.007 0.026 0.100 0.041 0.019 0.023 0.016 53 16.467 85.863 390.344 193.770 53.124 53.161 53.048 54 0.035 0.067 0.280 0.119 0.044 0.060 0.041 55 4.415 20.909 4.676 10.447 7.355 14.829 14.568 56 0.636 2.234 0.286 0.948 1.073 1.789 1.658 57 0.163 1.322 0.529 1.561 0.411 0.693 0.836 58 7.748 33.179 NA 29.546 13.347 17.038 18.455 Table 68: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 69 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-15 Line-16 Line-17 Line-18 Line-19 Line-20 Line-21 1 63.087 82.774 61.843 91.397 69.406 78.023 72.962 2 0.334 0.437 0.113 0.298 0.073 0.293 0.134 3 0.362 0.589 0.628 0.312 0.398 0.356 0.151 4 23.399 17.180 36.532 15.755 24.586 17.806 21.837 5 12813 12286 19751 12768 11090 9924 6585 6 12.260 9.462 37.025 10.638 12.846 20.468 7.308 7 0.195 0.129 0.207 0.166 0.163 0.169 NA 8 0.121 0.082 0.145 0.087 0.111 0.092 0.105 9 23.6 28.0 30.3 23.0 32.6 22.4 40.2 10 309.550 365.550 397.938 311.800 413.550 291.750 493.550 11 267.312 311.951 289.762 124.816 507.414 430.251 254.426 12 18.790 14.785 12.626 3.997 34.067 23.355 13.395 13 10846278 15582420 8247885 6942220 18592480 21713380 10884158 14 1724.4 1891.7 1683.0 927.2 2955.1 2902.0 2221.1 15 39.728 34.499 56.862 15.114 73.525 52.512 48.784 16 0.196 0.176 0.163 0.060 0.362 0.218 0.265 17 65.790 120.481 84.266 59.883 116.994 73.911 60.152 18 0.324 0.441 0.367 0.278 0.557 0.476 0.298 19 0.366 0.341 0.300 0.187 0.530 0.313 0.405 20 0.734 1.160 1.863 1.590 1.037 1.090 1.855 21 −13.373 −13.297 −13.463 −13.000 −13.203 −13.147 −13.527 22 32.431 32.053 31.146 29.935 30.208 31.477 29.370 23 68.133 63.313 72.543 61.273 75.180 49.663 NA 24 15978.1 11762.4 17356.5 13226.2 12471.0 14010.0 4967.2 25 21.798 17.391 21.641 17.464 19.075 18.937 14.289 26 1008.699 932.233 871.419 440.900 1460.132 1488.968 836.533 27 23.657 16.936 31.881 7.227 36.169 27.165 19.778 28 98.6 89.2 94.3 109.0 83.6 94.0 74.0 29 900.5 777.6 843.1 1032.8 715.5 840.0 607.3 30 NA NA 143.8 148.0 131.0 114.5 116.0 31 NA NA 1508.4 1570.0 1332.1 1105.0 1126.0 32 859.8 733.3 775.3 945.3 655.5 757.7 526.3 33 1210.0 1143.1 1241.1 1344.6 1129.0 1131.7 1100.8 34 2.459 4.882 2.622 3.599 3.541 4.223 3.209 35 0.667 0.889 0.955 1.271 0.827 0.677 0.811 36 2.778 1.012 4.227 1.878 1.183 2.788 0.645 37 86.631 78.462 85.828 86.589 89.624 82.927 90.251 38 50.103 51.082 57.487 48.753 53.703 46.738 50.180 39 49.072 53.950 58.408 NA 55.637 48.493 47.695 40 43.775 40.133 46.703 38.442 45.961 40.678 43.003 41 2.029 2.358 2.628 1.459 4.934 0.103 1.396 42 153.212 128.423 145.795 87.743 182.987 81.273 115.342 43 49.028 74.303 52.289 58.046 74.117 33.404 NA 44 0.914 0.489 1.302 0.722 0.534 1.213 0.377 45 0.038 0.047 0.065 0.039 0.040 0.052 0.027 46 2.700 1.321 4.000 3.767 2.367 1.679 4.900 47 12750 19493 20833 28979 14650 16950 18229 48 179.3 82.6 240.6 171.0 81.5 219.4 47.1 49 0.106 0.120 0.191 0.123 0.102 0.132 0.069 50 9.990 7.644 11.805 6.583 9.750 7.259 7.540 51 0.852 0.433 1.096 0.646 0.449 1.102 0.319 52 0.024 0.024 0.045 0.031 0.019 0.037 0.016 53 166.994 73.170 203.563 152.470 68.615 198.943 39.832 54 0.074 0.057 0.118 0.102 0.054 0.080 0.124 55 11.247 11.185 9.840 6.220 15.757 19.331 6.372 56 0.968 1.214 0.998 0.405 1.974 1.674 0.990 57 1.037 0.640 1.137 0.381 1.188 1.234 0.531 58 21.530 18.176 16.057 NA 27.647 30.353 18.934 Table 69: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 70 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-22 Line-23 Line-24 Line-25 Line-26 Line-27 Line-28 1 90.725 89.322 63.403 58.656 90.324 69.266 78.521 2 0.268 0.441 0.344 0.215 0.406 0.239 0.225 3 0.725 0.843 0.630 0.396 0.709 0.517 0.283 4 26.528 25.814 27.598 21.848 26.829 18.373 24.199 5 19859 29904 18695 7513 15653 14606 8279 6 17.594 14.916 32.575 10.572 17.710 20.438 18.601 7 0.157 0.154 0.147 0.140 0.175 0.157 NA 8 0.124 0.113 0.130 0.105 0.123 0.098 0.107 9 32.4 25.4 29.2 32.8 25.0 26.6 40.3 10 445.700 349.800 381.150 418.800 338.100 337.300 494.375 11 73.585 443.706 475.258 346.323 243.625 317.094 537.350 12 6.229 28.228 33.821 21.880 11.814 21.905 32.903 13 2607623 15608820 16427920 14660064 8494728 15105380 19961625 14 344.2 2572.2 3186.7 2510.2 1468.4 2754.9 3990.9 15 7.619 66.818 86.304 54.757 38.833 53.782 97.093 16 0.026 0.179 0.309 0.303 0.136 0.209 0.382 17 85.966 101.763 116.926 76.034 47.587 129.080 105.902 18 0.160 0.645 0.554 0.463 0.268 0.652 0.598 19 0.105 0.345 0.536 0.494 0.210 0.603 0.576 20 1.488 0.922 1.171 1.048 1.154 1.013 1.794 21 −13.460 −13.526 −13.860 −13.320 −13.280 −12.893 −13.197 22 31.150 29.908 31.025 31.742 31.675 30.970 28.544 23 61.602 68.320 52.744 73.423 58.117 72.016 NA 24 14354.0 14782.2 9583.3 9224.8 12185.8 11844.8 10118.5 25 21.338 21.533 17.566 18.666 19.557 20.497 14.358 26 130.167 1545.898 1637.460 1351.168 533.701 1425.000 1736.125 27 3.526 40.537 45.368 29.841 16.072 28.463 41.775 28 113.0 116.2 88.8 84.8 107.2 86.4 74.0 29 1086.6 1128.6 773.0 730.0 1010.7 746.7 607.3 30 148.0 144.8 114.0 118.0 144.0 113.0 116.0 31 1570.2 1524.0 1098.2 1154.5 1512.2 1084.0 1126.0 32 854.5 945.3 734.5 688.7 801.9 709.0 607.8 33 1532.3 1478.4 1154.1 1148.8 1348.8 1084.0 1101.6 34 3.535 3.439 2.707 2.399 4.568 3.537 4.244 35 0.877 0.697 1.425 0.745 0.803 0.821 1.134 36 2.442 2.285 2.053 1.118 1.526 1.204 1.035 37 87.868 87.156 75.524 84.972 89.151 85.963 90.046 38 44.029 48.585 47.358 52.498 47.105 53.847 51.967 39 41.940 48.005 45.902 51.158 45.948 53.493 49.990 40 39.201 38.294 42.158 45.281 39.606 42.350 45.856 41 0.538 NA 0.434 1.437 9.145 NA 3.368 42 96.152 113.450 107.560 144.486 93.734 143.428 122.910 43 55.471 58.489 61.581 74.220 63.845 80.472 NA 44 0.887 0.775 0.750 0.390 0.588 0.488 0.658 45 0.045 0.063 0.058 0.049 0.045 0.043 0.045 46 3.800 1.033 1.143 2.172 2.067 1.000 2.826 47 20283 13450 12802 14000 18717 12750 16564 48 222.3 203.2 126.7 64.4 137.2 80.3 82.2 49 0.152 0.214 0.153 0.126 0.138 0.110 0.115 50 8.073 11.180 11.875 8.761 9.334 10.738 8.701 51 0.817 0.719 0.557 0.326 0.511 0.364 0.509 52 0.040 0.042 0.026 0.021 0.036 0.017 0.019 53 204.688 188.310 94.100 53.816 119.455 59.885 63.629 54 0.178 0.116 0.061 0.052 0.113 0.094 0.063 55 2.497 17.864 16.291 10.780 10.579 12.072 13.243 56 0.217 1.309 1.806 1.348 0.794 1.234 2.091 57 0.131 1.633 1.550 0.945 1.023 1.077 1.047 58 4.432 32.085 35.929 26.706 18.687 26.870 35.317 Table 70: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 71 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-29 Line-30 Line-31 Line-32 Line-33 Line-34 Line-35 1 81.125 91.194 91.259 75.635 84.772 64.819 81.827 2 0.163 0.453 0.350 0.220 0.227 0.408 0.416 3 0.356 0.602 0.633 0.361 0.365 0.561 0.591 4 25.929 24.781 21.284 21.644 23.479 23.959 25.378 5 8487 10491 18823 11730 13869 16143 25030 6 10.982 11.531 22.167 49.007 13.313 32.109 12.350 7 NA NA 0.174 0.177 0.178 0.155 0.146 8 0.114 0.109 0.101 0.102 0.112 0.109 0.110 9 39.0 39.0 23.8 30.8 26.0 29.3 35.6 10 476.750 476.750 311.250 403.500 341.250 383.125 470.650 11 542.866 561.268 582.815 506.799 712.873 625.018 397.261 12 32.227 32.258 39.815 41.732 45.253 43.942 17.384 13 18615532 21411860 25679300 23005825 29206300 27920025 15769504 14 4001.9 2671.3 4808.2 4663.8 4845.4 4510.1 2317.9 15 107.428 67.195 101.624 98.272 110.299 99.760 54.332 16 0.351 0.324 0.274 0.329 0.317 0.294 0.117 17 147.091 102.130 142.655 141.282 157.432 113.911 80.454 18 0.648 0.693 0.691 0.648 0.800 0.748 0.455 19 0.605 0.558 0.446 0.538 0.471 0.439 0.195 20 1.702 1.090 1.135 0.961 1.319 1.040 1.580 21 −13.110 −13.302 −13.168 NA −12.932 −12.773 −13.641 22 29.020 29.218 32.127 31.510 30.367 34.529 31.704 23 NA NA 69.854 65.961 52.714 68.984 62.975 24 3717.8 7510.6 15198.4 15660.3 26643.7 16453.5 16261.8 25 15.715 15.002 21.254 17.991 21.412 18.684 18.087 26 1588.502 1445.366 2590.168 2483.498 2041.557 1695.668 1071.869 27 42.428 36.053 55.958 54.938 48.327 39.825 26.772 28 74.0 74.0 93.4 89.5 95.0 89.5 93.4 29 607.3 607.3 831.9 781.0 853.3 781.0 831.8 30 115.3 113.0 136.6 134.0 136.5 139.0 143.3 31 1116.3 1084.0 1406.8 1369.0 1405.5 1442.0 1501.9 32 534.3 563.9 775.3 727.2 779.1 753.6 761.3 33 1084.0 1084.0 1143.1 1184.5 1194.5 1164.1 1260.6 34 4.092 5.577 6.098 3.935 4.908 3.233 3.997 35 0.959 1.048 0.888 0.858 0.819 1.038 1.575 36 0.735 0.658 2.563 4.152 3.913 2.742 2.504 37 91.805 90.937 76.228 80.929 NA 81.235 81.174 38 58.130 50.575 48.289 55.185 52.586 52.328 51.328 39 51.912 50.607 50.565 56.933 51.072 50.317 50.353 40 52.578 44.669 43.089 46.904 47.917 44.097 43.414 41 13.560 16.258 4.592 4.237 2.973 3.416 2.669 42 90.902 109.171 130.887 121.179 100.865 133.746 113.632 43 NA NA 31.224 25.069 33.729 63.166 61.858 44 0.473 0.480 1.287 1.818 1.752 1.027 1.114 45 0.053 0.046 0.075 0.063 0.055 0.060 0.090 46 2.172 3.107 1.500 1.625 1.111 1.708 2.900 47 15183 18906 13300 10875 14778 14000 23500 48 59.1 60.0 233.7 307.3 331.2 173.5 205.7 49 0.136 0.117 0.193 0.175 0.156 0.158 0.276 50 8.566 8.981 8.582 9.918 8.551 9.355 8.996 51 0.385 0.387 1.164 1.528 1.682 0.837 1.046 52 0.021 0.020 0.042 0.029 0.029 0.033 0.073 53 48.091 48.428 211.564 258.277 317.871 141.388 193.358 54 0.069 0.058 0.108 0.055 0.103 0.095 0.152 55 13.920 14.391 24.759 16.537 27.693 21.381 11.370 56 2.112 2.184 2.268 1.836 2.501 2.352 1.293 57 1.366 0.864 2.452 1.905 1.895 1.425 0.829 58 37.747 25.922 52.124 45.984 41.342 35.700 24.229 Table 71: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (“L” = Line) under drought conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 72 Measured parameters in Sorghum accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 70.982 80.778 71.062 62.932 65.104 74.278 83.123 2 0.149 0.204 0.123 0.140 0.289 0.063 0.099 3 0.303 0.177 0.091 0.303 0.321 0.048 0.275 4 2.012 NA 1.641 1.494 NA 1.565 NA 5 1.617 NA 2.306 1.380 NA 2.062 NA 6 1.223 NA 1.005 1.417 NA 1.674 NA 7 0.925 NA 0.667 0.580 NA 0.992 NA 8 29.775 30.575 35.404 30.667 29.218 23.386 20.149 9 21836 19319 15291 24497 44649 13715 30944 10 19.635 17.315 9.965 11.714 38.660 12.445 13.735 11 0.179 0.147 0.153 0.130 0.135 0.200 0.149 12 24.772 NA 29.657 37.888 NA 28.942 NA 13 0.121 0.127 0.132 0.133 0.130 0.103 0.094 14 33.8 29.6 35.0 28.5 26.3 33.6 21.8 15 444.5 380.4 439.7 373.5 273.3 428.2 285.2 16 661.8 769.5 745.2 653.3 610.1 581.2 324.5 17 34.150 35.096 23.132 18.830 42.755 38.924 15.023 18 22070840 24438020 21504340 21499680 20685020 21825800 16454200 19 3110.7 3929.4 2654.6 3987.6 4127.2 3314.9 2216.5 20 88.128 115.995 87.409 113.013 114.984 79.512 42.224 21 0.238 0.281 0.245 0.294 0.270 0.300 0.126 22 135.426 108.347 102.784 108.131 133.977 94.102 97.673 23 0.871 0.883 0.818 0.737 0.685 0.673 0.505 24 0.419 0.408 0.364 0.414 0.390 0.447 0.310 25 1.154 1.349 1.635 2.158 0.990 1.127 1.147 26 −12.781 −13.107 −12.994 −12.832 −13.047 −13.437 −12.963 27 30.750 29.233 30.853 30.262 29.008 30.268 29.357 28 70.470 NA 71.859 71.849 61.250 76.638 65.094 29 16770.4 10615.2 9361.4 12263.6 12503.9 7283.2 7295.8 30 19.657 14.270 14.101 17.056 17.317 15.079 16.105 31 1700.3 2239.1 1281.7 1754.3 2275.7 1569.7 1123.2 32 49.898 68.289 45.839 53.946 66.982 37.499 23.114 33 0.498 NA 0.487 0.566 NA 0.453 NA 34 330.902 384.754 372.597 326.628 305.061 290.601 162.240 35 92.000 86.800 81.200 89.600 89.500 84.000 95.800 36 814.0 751.3 689.4 782.2 781.0 720.7 863.7 37 139.0 117.0 122.6 133.0 115.3 NA 126.4 38 1442.0 1139.8 1215.2 1357.9 1115.5 NA 1266.7 39 762.250 669.063 675.083 757.650 757.650 649.438 823.417 40 1258.5 1131.7 1129.0 1154.5 1123.3 1148.8 1148.8 41 14.711 NA 12.003 8.510 NA 9.037 NA 42 3.949 4.099 3.362 3.023 2.144 3.819 4.352 43 0.899 2.178 1.923 1.476 2.094 1.370 2.046 44 2.746 1.271 1.287 1.557 3.225 0.899 1.665 45 91.270 90.888 91.349 87.339 89.630 87.146 84.594 46 56.305 49.677 46.965 48.598 42.805 54.763 43.717 47 54.540 51.730 47.538 48.722 44.574 52.847 47.843 48 50.167 39.128 42.389 38.897 36.192 41.514 37.042 49 6.429 0.789 3.957 18.903 5.833 0.137 2.175 50 155.139 162.491 161.900 181.391 148.290 144.063 100.333 51 49.466 81.590 76.055 77.961 60.221 79.401 72.605 52 0.546 0.360 0.326 0.308 0.639 0.243 0.407 53 0.0384 0.0497 0.0458 0.0529 0.0563 0.0281 0.0392 54 1.143 2.233 5.034 2.200 1.100 2.793 3.000 55 19050.0 19500.0 30600.0 29007.1 13250.0 14125.0 19550.0 56 93.293 NA 120.520 126.608 NA 99.805 NA 57 166.039 103.715 85.701 90.811 205.656 66.689 138.327 58 0.200 0.231 0.213 0.243 0.262 0.131 0.183 59 10.718 9.678 7.879 9.474 10.835 9.783 8.964 60 0.482 0.300 0.287 0.269 0.522 0.198 0.367 61 0.022 0.030 0.029 0.033 0.034 0.016 0.027 62 146.546 86.400 75.736 79.097 166.996 54.244 124.591 63 0.114 0.114 0.102 0.083 0.101 0.085 0.127 64 19.977 26.227 21.485 21.746 22.048 16.902 14.848 65 1.277 1.653 1.601 1.328 1.311 1.249 0.697 66 1.574 2.346 1.430 2.426 2.855 1.139 1.153 67 32.656 43.472 30.906 52.059 57.152 29.519 25.534 Table 72: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under low N conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 73 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 NA 87.393 85.484 93.116 55.446 74.116 67.367 2 0.000 0.105 0.200 0.037 0.240 0.165 0.244 3 0.199 0.416 0.590 0.344 0.186 0.032 0.206 4 NA 1.759 NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA 1.160 NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA 1.314 NA NA NA NA NA 7 NA 0.892 NA NA NA NA NA 8 23.746 22.838 16.503 24.820 25.570 25.177 29.479 9 8654 22139 48188 46278 15265 9785 13167 10 6.745 10.983 10.180 31.720 7.650 10.130 9.523 11 NA 0.169 0.131 0.175 0.168 0.185 0.181 12 NA 22.900 NA NA NA NA NA 13 0.121 0.096 0.083 0.111 0.110 0.108 0.123 14 37.0 33.3 22.0 27.8 34.8 31.6 28.6 15 453.5 437.0 303.1 381.1 448.5 400.9 366.1 16 152.0 633.4 389.1 306.5 283.0 558.3 690.4 17 12.901 27.970 27.662 20.911 9.965 27.625 34.066 18 6420783 26192733 21156820 10734122 10820540 21581650 22437200 19 1326.9 4021.6 3454.5 1697.2 1472.7 3041.2 2942.7 20 31.060 90.240 58.679 44.118 35.686 74.674 84.101 21 0.194 0.225 0.065 0.085 0.165 0.357 0.296 22 235.316 156.903 136.671 190.285 117.019 75.922 78.987 23 0.200 0.756 0.509 0.470 0.499 0.627 0.783 24 0.360 0.363 0.122 0.176 0.469 0.510 0.460 25 1.067 1.414 0.949 1.126 1.464 1.258 1.110 26 −13.617 −12.690 −13.107 −13.168 −12.587 −13.127 −12.997 27 NA 30.044 32.523 32.462 29.503 29.288 30.948 28 71.939 69.210 68.575 69.279 79.731 76.658 73.608 29 3501.0 12503.7 15699.7 22712.4 8595.4 8279.6 14579.4 30 8.967 19.410 20.615 22.694 18.017 13.931 16.957 31 520.9 1874.6 1912.8 732.1 810.6 1593.3 1572.2 32 12.331 43.669 32.983 19.063 19.801 40.775 46.400 33 NA 0.403 NA NA NA NA NA 34 75.982 316.713 194.545 153.235 141.521 279.168 345.200 35 76.000 91.000 120.600 113.800 85.800 84.400 86.800 36 630.5 802.3 1189.1 1097.1 740.6 725.2 751.6 37 112.0 147.0 145.5 154.2 148.0 137.0 119.0 38 1070.9 1554.5 1534.3 1659.7 1570.2 1412.0 1165.8 39 630.500 734.917 NA 945.250 661.900 670.000 717.083 40 1084.0 1239.3 1492.2 1478.1 1189.1 1126.0 1117.6 41 NA 11.607 NA NA NA NA NA 42 NA 5.217 4.975 6.281 2.147 4.017 2.835 43 2.500 0.647 1.153 0.958 0.711 0.999 1.122 44 NA 1.351 2.875 2.149 1.060 0.877 1.046 45 92.267 87.171 86.652 88.087 86.867 85.891 91.490 46 NA 51.189 46.238 57.363 49.617 53.647 48.521 47 50.112 53.108 42.777 56.933 49.052 50.500 48.795 48 41.900 40.083 36.017 39.369 36.297 40.442 45.400 49 5.200 10.090 NA 5.248 1.450 9.657 NA 50 189.473 125.519 140.628 160.009 159.603 178.499 157.837 51 84.085 67.668 73.146 71.748 82.454 74.350 79.973 52 0.118 0.381 0.482 0.437 0.196 0.232 0.231 53 0.0179 0.0436 0.0742 0.0518 0.0253 0.0269 0.0361 54 1.826 2.471 1.200 2.267 2.533 3.833 1.536 55 12833.3 20833.3 13166.7 14150.0 25900.0 18950.0 18250.0 56 NA 104.355 NA NA NA NA NA 57 26.195 119.974 240.975 200.845 55.271 64.623 68.036 58 0.078 0.223 0.418 0.292 0.122 0.125 0.168 59 7.894 9.503 6.876 11.006 9.427 8.680 8.355 60 0.086 0.346 0.462 0.368 0.169 0.195 0.199 61 0.011 0.028 0.063 0.043 0.014 0.013 0.015 62 19.450 108.992 230.795 169.125 47.621 54.493 58.513 63 0.053 0.119 0.467 0.192 0.059 0.052 0.071 64 3.976 18.907 17.986 11.876 8.179 17.225 24.337 65 0.316 1.246 0.690 0.544 0.567 1.199 1.483 66 0.489 1.511 1.518 0.747 0.606 1.417 1.635 67 12.034 40.630 40.858 13.330 17.471 34.938 31.887 Table 73: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under low N conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 74 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-15 Line-16 Line-17 Line-18 Line-19 Line-20 Line-21 1 71.204 87.744 66.577 88.729 69.236 82.991 61.314 2 0.280 0.108 0.142 0.197 0.044 0.176 0.009 3 0.276 0.215 0.080 0.227 0.034 0.151 0.057 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8 22.654 16.496 36.959 16.850 26.577 17.793 21.080 9 14934 18163 28962 18746 12235 15453 7724 10 9.865 11.363 19.744 16.135 17.348 13.860 8.299 11 0.177 0.165 0.199 0.160 0.183 0.185 NA 12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 13 0.116 0.079 0.144 0.089 0.113 0.088 0.101 14 22.2 29.2 29.5 30.0 35.4 24.6 42.6 15 293.6 384.4 389.3 405.6 454.6 323.1 527.5 16 605.1 366.7 423.1 280.2 590.6 454.7 263.7 17 37.096 17.573 16.101 5.704 36.432 28.131 13.219 18 25344720 20035920 11582823 14659840 20818740 23299560 11431484 19 3864.4 2620.7 1944.0 1369.3 3561.9 3839.1 1999.4 20 85.481 44.335 66.859 23.580 95.691 68.241 43.298 21 0.327 0.196 0.146 0.074 0.351 0.258 0.290 22 107.039 176.320 83.007 66.675 117.480 98.120 47.498 23 0.693 0.580 0.474 0.577 0.679 0.508 0.262 24 0.492 0.352 0.257 0.203 0.526 0.390 0.367 25 1.064 1.108 1.779 2.298 1.154 1.220 2.537 26 −12.960 −13.070 −12.937 −12.773 −13.347 −12.603 −12.827 27 29.694 30.343 30.742 32.608 29.950 29.898 27.933 28 68.654 70.917 73.210 65.330 75.551 62.980 NA 29 16710.4 13218.2 14464.5 11759.2 8621.8 13816.8 6363.6 30 21.007 20.015 21.476 17.659 18.518 20.684 14.810 31 2037.5 1422.1 854.8 449.6 1466.9 1989.8 659.5 32 46.213 24.508 31.902 7.677 40.562 35.605 14.155 33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 34 302.543 183.331 211.574 140.091 295.283 227.327 131.841 35 103.800 94.000 97.750 107.400 84.600 95.800 74.000 36 967.4 840.0 889.3 1013.4 726.8 863.6 607.3 37 143.0 NA 149.0 148.4 144.0 137.0 NA 38 1498.3 NA 1584.5 1576.2 1512.8 1412.0 NA 39 892.583 769.500 814.250 905.750 641.550 772.950 534.250 40 1261.0 1224.4 1278.5 1419.0 1181.3 1186.6 1134.7 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 3.567 5.907 3.218 6.071 3.701 4.375 2.217 43 0.773 0.767 1.074 1.261 0.695 0.637 0.878 44 2.347 1.034 3.932 1.500 1.318 1.683 0.782 45 91.398 84.469 92.502 85.150 88.160 87.006 92.399 46 46.307 50.003 56.171 49.742 51.292 48.132 52.547 47 47.387 55.860 55.535 49.918 51.232 48.133 44.398 48 39.886 39.142 41.953 41.992 44.542 39.442 38.208 49 0.852 0.498 6.537 3.625 4.036 0.617 11.122 50 153.250 149.854 148.157 123.344 147.837 130.549 150.061 51 47.458 78.799 48.808 65.768 74.641 43.761 NA 52 0.412 0.277 0.691 0.319 0.321 0.411 0.233 53 0.0270 0.0265 0.0507 0.0345 0.0239 0.0265 0.0198 54 1.241 1.300 4.792 4.267 2.367 1.433 4.933 55 15050.0 18650.0 26500.0 47771.4 15378.6 14791.3 23437.3 56 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 57 159.390 90.693 240.230 133.705 88.750 138.098 48.102 58 0.139 0.134 0.267 0.194 0.115 0.129 0.092 59 9.779 8.566 12.728 7.753 10.945 7.753 7.522 60 0.387 0.242 0.634 0.280 0.259 0.368 0.193 61 0.014 0.017 0.038 0.028 0.011 0.016 0.012 62 149.525 79.330 220.486 117.570 71.401 123.368 39.803 63 0.069 0.055 0.147 0.106 0.071 0.092 0.092 64 27.277 13.002 14.810 9.341 16.670 18.492 6.211 65 1.183 0.731 0.793 0.497 1.229 0.934 0.566 66 2.106 0.885 1.349 0.366 1.251 1.460 0.593 67 44.016 26.275 19.654 11.967 31.069 41.683 25.750 Table 74: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under low N conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 75 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-22 Line-23 Line-24 Line-25 Line-26 Line-27 Line-28 1 90.328 85.738 71.241 60.074 94.779 60.588 81.112 2 0.194 0.209 0.145 0.151 NA 0.074 0.012 3 0.407 0.693 0.225 0.277 0.472 0.179 0.050 4 NA 1.466 1.411 NA NA NA NA 5 NA 1.976 1.639 NA NA NA NA 6 NA 0.695 0.986 NA NA NA NA 7 NA 0.488 0.700 NA NA NA NA 8 26.721 22.723 31.566 20.307 31.218 21.468 25.958 9 32880 62130 28010 8133 NA 18762 13549 10 20.358 19.750 36.955 10.978 NA 18.170 14.521 11 0.156 0.164 0.178 0.146 NA 0.188 NA 12 NA 18.142 40.260 NA NA NA NA 13 0.129 0.105 0.136 0.102 0.133 0.105 0.109 14 29.0 29.2 32.8 31.8 22.4 29.4 42.3 15 395.4 404.3 428.3 411.5 295.7 380.9 522.0 16 145.5 282.2 605.5 378.0 581.1 291.8 671.5 17 9.494 19.131 36.400 21.959 36.595 19.138 33.894 18 4496747 11541518 18740650 16305080 20382340 12164286 23557125 19 592.6 1907.3 3702.6 2806.6 3624.3 2363.9 3599.6 20 17.465 43.235 111.350 59.062 109.255 52.912 93.946 21 0.052 0.086 0.312 0.237 0.218 0.206 0.364 22 178.349 124.018 150.210 82.476 123.731 113.667 108.224 23 0.347 0.485 0.710 0.503 0.720 0.639 0.774 24 0.158 0.235 0.518 0.439 0.342 0.426 0.518 25 1.687 0.978 1.341 1.021 1.531 1.163 1.431 26 −12.900 −12.356 −13.100 −13.060 −12.753 −12.897 −13.027 27 28.392 28.580 30.164 30.863 30.922 30.485 28.167 28 60.372 72.783 66.842 73.948 NA 76.292 NA 29 16953.3 26482.6 15781.4 8543.0 NA 15080.6 9350.7 30 20.918 24.373 18.204 16.931 NA 21.535 16.783 31 161.4 1071.8 2162.9 1311.7 1900.6 1326.5 1619.0 32 4.767 24.813 66.886 27.138 58.639 30.343 42.588 33 NA 0.266 0.568 NA NA NA NA 34 72.738 141.110 302.756 188.981 290.536 145.891 335.752 35 111.000 118.000 88.600 86.600 102.800 87.800 74.000 36 1060.4 1153.7 771.5 748.3 955.2 762.3 607.3 37 148.3 149.2 125.3 134.0 152.2 NA NA 38 1575.3 1586.7 1250.8 1369.0 1631.0 NA NA 39 912.250 NA 751.550 677.800 901.250 727.250 574.750 40 1483.8 1558.0 1199.7 1159.8 1250.9 1143.1 1129.3 41 NA 8.785 7.165 NA NA NA NA 42 4.003 2.981 2.915 2.884 6.847 2.319 3.891 43 0.839 0.854 1.546 0.817 0.830 0.572 0.740 44 3.399 4.557 2.643 0.907 NA 1.354 0.847 45 88.581 88.916 89.900 93.134 90.596 92.356 93.272 46 47.819 47.105 54.950 50.338 43.192 50.742 55.121 47 48.950 41.013 49.182 49.587 48.732 52.500 52.931 48 35.946 38.519 40.503 48.417 40.564 41.089 44.604 49 1.761 NA 3.736 10.924 36.793 0.502 6.363 50 96.895 165.864 153.371 165.165 NA 153.072 143.283 51 52.295 62.874 56.192 78.702 NA 81.757 NA 52 0.629 0.804 0.614 0.185 NA 0.274 0.340 53 0.0332 0.0443 0.0442 0.0268 0.0536 0.0296 0.0281 54 5.333 1.000 1.433 1.833 1.400 1.067 3.500 55 26033.3 13200.0 14404.8 13600.0 15500.0 13466.7 20520.8 56 NA 194.870 128.452 NA NA NA NA 57 306.075 385.010 180.831 53.288 NA 80.795 70.308 58 0.204 0.250 0.214 0.127 0.272 0.138 0.133 59 9.426 11.937 12.746 9.969 NA 10.982 9.123 60 0.591 0.762 0.489 0.147 NA 0.213 0.270 61 0.027 0.034 0.021 0.015 0.035 0.017 0.014 62 285.717 365.260 143.876 42.310 NA 62.625 55.786 63 0.244 0.267 0.076 0.069 0.187 0.064 0.057 64 7.562 9.868 19.784 12.093 25.950 9.999 15.852 65 0.333 0.501 1.267 0.799 1.134 0.627 1.409 66 0.389 0.869 2.190 1.009 2.435 1.045 1.125 67 4.993 23.220 44.882 30.093 36.307 25.426 33.842 Table 75: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under low N conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 76 Measured parameters in additional Sorghum accessions under low N conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-29 Line-30 Line-31 Line-32 Line-33 Line-34 1 73.956 88.152 94.306 84.535 68.632 84.006 2 0.084 0.254 0.088 0.118 0.220 0.205 3 0.092 0.069 0.175 0.137 0.326 0.404 4 NA 1.684 NA 1.326 NA 2.015 5 NA 1.532 NA 1.478 NA 1.703 6 NA 1.380 NA 1.137 NA 1.584 7 NA 0.856 NA 0.808 NA 0.539 8 27.928 28.402 20.911 24.414 23.544 26.070 9 9492 14554 27231 18260 18322 42073 10 10.883 11.098 16.014 22.554 19.837 14.741 11 NA NA 0.200 0.178 0.159 0.158 12 NA 35.158 NA 43.484 NA 15.477 13 0.118 0.116 0.098 0.113 0.104 0.109 14 42.3 42.0 26.3 31.3 29.8 33.2 15 522.5 518.8 344.9 412.3 391.0 437.0 16 510.9 774.6 816.4 922.4 828.4 485.5 17 27.858 40.001 57.513 50.774 48.677 26.396 18 16479475 25747580 36116975 36860650 33562075 18000140 19 2406.1 3436.2 6082.5 5855.7 4395.8 3020.8 20 68.157 95.293 127.781 139.390 101.239 76.087 21 0.344 0.334 0.256 0.366 0.300 0.114 22 138.647 112.243 185.571 222.258 140.774 115.633 23 0.635 0.926 0.969 0.996 1.040 0.585 24 0.610 0.533 0.425 0.535 0.486 0.176 25 1.080 1.161 1.018 1.144 1.062 1.281 26 −13.023 −12.976 −13.033 −12.842 −12.637 −13.032 27 27.846 27.982 30.517 29.685 32.517 29.522 28 NA NA 67.302 68.590 71.740 69.007 29 5454.0 9065.6 20008.0 21922.8 15977.0 18430.4 30 15.374 15.420 21.194 20.837 17.496 20.502 31 1259.4 1724.0 3230.2 3170.3 2099.3 1383.3 32 36.016 48.781 69.211 79.250 49.550 36.400 33 NA 0.592 NA 0.577 NA 0.312 34 255.429 387.307 408.199 461.182 414.199 242.755 35 74.000 74.000 96.500 96.000 92.500 92.000 36 607.3 607.3 872.8 866.3 820.0 813.4 37 NA 125.0 145.0 NA 136.5 135.5 38 NA 1247.5 1528.0 NA 1405.5 1392.6 39 574.750 607.250 814.250 749.083 769.500 772.950 40 1129.8 1126.0 1217.6 1278.6 1211.0 1250.3 41 NA 11.089 NA 10.961 NA 13.237 42 3.177 5.365 6.861 4.959 3.385 4.381 43 0.852 1.174 0.823 0.772 0.914 1.537 44 0.600 0.655 3.127 3.279 1.837 4.079 45 93.540 94.229 85.910 87.606 92.159 92.029 46 55.483 49.848 45.775 51.031 45.042 50.562 47 52.167 49.887 47.292 53.750 45.912 50.865 48 46.864 41.394 39.913 41.771 39.519 38.342 49 5.117 1.572 NA 12.827 0.765 5.673 50 151.126 142.923 152.429 133.144 159.389 139.693 51 NA NA 30.298 39.911 72.543 50.458 52 0.220 0.284 0.866 0.811 0.385 1.105 53 0.0226 0.0310 0.0526 0.0398 0.0319 0.0801 54 3.458 3.400 2.250 1.000 1.083 2.833 55 16495.8 17950.0 12910.7 15812.5 15567.9 18400.0 56 NA 102.189 NA 112.370 NA 154.249 57 45.408 58.552 293.949 275.478 124.359 343.974 58 0.105 0.145 0.263 0.212 0.163 0.405 59 8.627 8.781 9.046 9.396 9.412 9.063 60 0.167 0.230 0.819 0.745 0.324 1.058 61 0.009 0.015 0.030 0.018 0.017 0.066 62 34.524 47.455 277.935 252.924 104.523 329.233 63 0.045 0.075 0.147 0.091 0.083 0.217 64 12.154 18.443 31.944 29.922 27.784 14.902 65 1.097 1.664 1.634 1.740 1.686 0.962 66 0.910 1.176 2.673 2.661 1.671 1.316 67 26.885 35.287 69.844 61.562 45.610 31.897 Table 76: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Sorghum accessions (Line) under low N conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 77 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set ID Name R P value set ID LBY149 0.79 3.32E−02 2 12 LBY150 0.74 5.56E−02 2 41 LBY153 0.82 2.28E−02 1 5 LBY155 0.93 2.49E−03 1 5 LBY156 0.82 2.43E−02 2 33 LBY156 0.76 4.94E−02 2 12 LBY156 0.81 2.82E−02 1 33 LBY158 0.84 1.75E−02 2 33 LBY158 0.77 4.12E−02 2 12 LBY160 0.71 7.56E−02 2 5 LBY160 0.72 6.56E−02 2 12 LBY160 0.76 2.20E−06 1 63 LBY160 0.71 2.01E−05 1 53 LBY160 0.77 3.16E−06 1 9 LBY160 0.74 7.02E−06 1 58 LBY160 0.71 2.65E−05 1 61 LBY161 0.91 4.87E−03 2 56 LBY162 0.74 5.71E−02 2 33 LBY162 0.72 6.94E−02 2 56 LBY162 0.83 2.20E−02 1 5 LBY163 0.80 4.11E−07 1 63 LBY163 0.72 6.61E−02 1 56 LBY164 0.82 2.29E−02 2 56 LBY164 0.87 1.08E−02 1 5 LBY165 0.79 3.59E−02 1 33 LBY165 0.75 4.99E−02 1 12 LBY167 0.80 3.21E−02 2 4 LBY167 0.89 7.78E−03 2 41 LBY168 0.72 6.66E−02 1 7 LBY168 0.87 1.04E−02 1 5 LBY168 0.73 6.14E−02 1 4 LBY168 0.81 2.60E−02 1 6 LBY170 0.77 4.08E−02 1 4 LBY171 0.99 4.33E−06 2 56 LBY171 0.71 1.05E−04 1 49 LBY171 0.79 3.49E−02 1 4 LBY173 0.72 7.08E−02 2 5 LBY173 0.73 6.37E−02 2 33 LBY173 0.94 1.58E−03 2 56 LBY177 0.85 1.56E−02 2 7 LBY177 0.70 7.82E−02 2 6 LBY178 0.77 4.17E−02 2 6 LBY178 0.77 4.36E−02 1 4 LBY179 0.73 6.07E−02 2 56 LBY180 0.97 3.03E−04 2 56 LBY180 0.78 3.88E−02 1 33 LBY180 0.72 6.98E−02 1 12 LBY185 0.79 6.32E−07 1 63 LBY185 0.72 2.10E−05 1 62 LBY185 0.80 6.38E−07 1 9 LBY185 0.70 2.90E−05 1 58 LBY185 0.72 2.31E−05 1 57 LBY185 0.83 2.03E−02 1 56 LBY185 0.74 5.61E−06 1 61 LBY186 0.78 4.01E−02 2 5 LBY186 0.73 6.40E−02 2 12 LBY186 0.70 7.76E−02 2 56 LBY186 0.73 6.51E−02 1 12 LBY187 0.71 7.18E−02 1 4 LBY187 0.75 5.46E−02 1 41 LBY189 0.76 4.94E−02 2 7 LBY189 0.92 3.21E−03 2 6 LBY190 0.78 4.03E−02 2 4 LBY191 0.76 4.58E−02 1 4 LBY192 0.73 6.34E−02 1 4 LGN3 0.71 7.66E−02 2 33 LGN4 0.72 6.56E−02 2 12 LGN5 0.89 6.83E−03 2 7 LGN5 0.77 4.14E−02 2 6 LGN5 0.79 3.31E−02 1 7 LGN5 0.76 4.96E−02 1 6 LGN57 0.83 1.98E−02 2 33 LGN7 0.95 1.09E−03 2 56 Table 77. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 60. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 59. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 78 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought stress conditions across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set ID Name R P value set ID LBY163 0.71 6.44E−05 3 52 LBY185 0.70 8.87E−05 3 49 LBY185 0.70 9.21E−05 3 45 LBY185 0.70 8.32E−05 3 52 Table 78. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 61. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 59. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 79 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under Low N growth stress conditions across Sorghum accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set ID Name R P value set ID LBY14 0.73 6.20E−02 4 6 LBY151 0.74 5.82E−02 4 41 LBY156 0.82 2.32E−02 4 33 LBY156 0.83 1.98E−02 4 12 LBY159 0.80 2.92E−02 4 33 LBY159 0.73 6.10E−02 4 12 LBY161 0.86 1.35E−02 4 5 LBY162 0.73 6.00E−02 4 33 LBY162 0.76 4.85E−02 4 12 LBY166 0.87 1.08E−02 4 4 LBY166 0.71 7.46E−02 4 41 LBY168 0.73 6.48E−02 4 56 LBY177 0.81 2.81E−02 4 56 LBY178 0.76 4.89E−02 4 7 LBY181 0.72 6.86E−02 4 4 LBY186 0.90 5.68E−03 4 56 LBY192 0.80 2.97E−02 4 56 LGN54 0.88 9.25E−03 4 7 LGN57 0.72 6.55E−02 4 5 LGN6 0.93 2.47E−03 4 6 Table 79. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 60. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 59 “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

Example 10 Production of Maize Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Maize Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

To produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized a Maize oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K Maize genes and transcripts designed based on data from Public databases (Example 1). To define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield, biomass components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 12 different Maize hybrids were analyzed. Among them, 10 hybrids encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

All 10 selected maize hybrids were sampled in three time points (TP2=V2-V3 (when two to three collar leaf are visible, rapid growth phase and kernel row determination begins), TP5=R1-R2 (silking-blister), TP6=R3-R4 (milk-dough). Four types of plant tissues [Ear, flag leaf indicated in Table as leaf, grain distal part, and internode] were sampled and RNA was extracted as described in “GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL AND BIOINFORMATICS METHODS”. For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 80 below.

TABLE 80 Tissues used for Maize transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Ear under normal conditions at reproductive stage: R1-R2 1 Ear under normal conditions at reproductive stage: R3-R4 2 Internode under normal conditions at vegetative stage: 3 Vegetative V2-3 Internode under normal conditions at reproductive stage: 4 R1-R2 Internode under normal conditions at reproductive stage: 5 R3-R4 Leaf under normal conditions at vegetative stage: 6 Vegetative V2-3 Leaf under normal conditions at reproductive stage: 7 R1-R2 Grain distal under normal conditions at reproductive 8 stage: R1-R2 Table 80: Provided are the identification (ID) number of each of the Maize expression sets

The following parameters were collected:

Grain Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Length and Grain width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths/or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Ear Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 6 ears were, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of Ears.

Ear Length and Ear Width (cm)—At the end of the growing period 6 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear length and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ears.

Filled per Whole Ear—it was calculated as the length of the ear with grains out of the total ear.

Percent Filled Ear—At the end of the growing period 6 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The percent filled Ear grain was the ear with grains out of the total ear and was measured from those images and was divided by the number of Ears.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 6 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

Normalized Grain Weight per plant (gr.), measurement of yield parameter—At the end of the experiment all ears from plots within blocks A-C were collected. Six ears were separately threshed and grains were weighted, all additional ears were threshed together and weighted as well. The grain weight was normalized using the relative humidity to be 0%. The normalized average grain weight per ear was calculated by dividing the total normalized grain weight by the total number of ears per plot (based on plot). In case of 6 ears, the total grains weight of 6 ears was divided by 6.

Ear fresh weight (FW) (gr.)—At the end of the experiment (when ears were harvested) total and 6 selected ears per plots within blocks A-C were collected separately. The plants' ears (total and 6) were weighted (gr.) separately and the average ear per plant was calculated for total (Ear FW per plot) and for 6 (Ear FW per plant).

Plant height and Ear height—Plants were characterized for height at harvesting. In each measure, 6 plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the plant below the tassel. Ear height was measured from the ground level to the place were the main ear is located Leaf number per plant—Plants were characterized for leaf number during growing period at 5 time points. In each measure, plants were measured for their leaf number by counting all the leaves of 3 selected plants per plot.

Relative Growth Rate was calculated using regression coefficient of leaf number change a long time course.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot. Data were taken after 46 and 54 days after sowing (DPS).

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours.

Dry weight per plant—At the end of the experiment when all vegetative material from plots within blocks A-C were collected, weight and divided by the number of plants.

Ear diameter [cm]—The diameter of the ear at the mid of the ear was measured using a ruler.

Cob diameter [cm]—The diameter of the cob without grains was measured using a ruler.

Kernel Row Number per Ear—The number of rows in each ear was counted. The average of 6 ears per plot was calculated.

Leaf area index [LAI]=total leaf area of all plants in a plot. Measurement was performed using a Leaf area-meter.

Yield/LAI [kg]—is the ratio between total grain yields and total leaf area index.

TABLE 81 Maize correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID Cob Diameter (mm) 1 DW per Plant based on 6 (gr.) 2 Ear Area (cm²) 3 Ear FW per Plant based on 6 (gr.) 4 Ear Height (cm) 5 Ear Length (cm) 6 Ear Width (cm) 7 Ears FW per plant based on all (gr.) 8 Filled per Whole Ear 9 Grain Area (cm²) 10 Grain Length (cm) 11 Grain Width (cm) 12 Growth Rate Leaf Number 13 Kernel Row Number per Ear 14 Leaf Number per Plant 15 Normalized Grain Weight per Plant based on all (gr.) 16 Normalized Grain Weight per plant based on 6 (gr.) 17 Percent Filled Ear 18 Plant Height per Plot (cm) 19 SPAD R1 20 SPAD R2 21 Table 81.

Twelve maize varieties were grown and characterized for parameters, as described above. The average for each parameter was calculated using the JMP software, and values are summarized in Tables 82-83 below. Subsequent correlation between the various transcriptome sets for all or sub sets of lines was done by the bioinformatic unit and results were integrated into the database (Table 84 below).

TABLE 82 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 28.96 25.08 28.05 25.73 28.72 25.78 2 657.50 491.67 641.11 580.56 655.56 569.44 3 85.06 85.84 90.51 95.95 91.62 72.41 4 245.83 208.33 262.22 263.89 272.22 177.78 5 135.17 122.33 131.97 114.00 135.28 94.28 6 19.69 19.05 20.52 21.34 20.92 18.23 7 5.58 5.15 5.67 5.53 5.73 5.23 8 278.19 217.50 288.28 247.88 280.11 175.84 9 0.916 0.922 0.927 0.917 0.908 0.950 10 0.75 0.71 0.75 0.77 0.81 0.71 11 1.17 1.09 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.12 12 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.82 0.80 13 0.28 0.22 0.28 0.27 0.31 0.24 14 16.17 14.67 16.20 15.89 16.17 15.17 15 12.00 11.11 11.69 11.78 11.94 12.33 16 153.90 135.88 152.50 159.16 140.46 117.14 17 140.68 139.54 153.67 176.98 156.61 119.67 18 80.62 86.76 82.14 92.71 80.38 82.76 19 278.08 260.50 275.13 238.50 286.94 224.83 20 51.67 56.41 53.55 55.21 55.30 59.35 21 54.28 57.18 56.01 59.68 54.77 59.14 Table 82.

TABLE 83 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid additional parameters Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 26.43 25.19 26.67 2 511.11 544.44 574.17 522.22 3 74.03 76.53 55.20 95.36 4 188.89 197.22 141.11 261.11 5 120.94 107.72 60.44 112.50 6 19.02 18.57 16.69 21.70 7 5.22 5.33 4.12 5.58 8 192.47 204.70 142.72 264.24 9 0.87 0.94 0.80 0.96 10 0.71 0.75 0.50 0.76 11 1.14 1.13 0.92 1.18 12 0.79 0.84 0.67 0.81 13 0.24 0.27 0.19 0.30 14 16.00 14.83 14.27 15.39 15 12.44 12.22 9.28 12.56 16 123.24 131.27 40.84 170.66 17 119.69 133.51 54.32 173.23 18 73.25 81.06 81.06 91.60 19 264.44 251.61 163.78 278.44 20 58.48 55.88 52.98 53.86 59.75 49.99 21 57.99 60.36 54.77 51.39 61.14 53.34 Table 83

TABLE 84 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across maize varieties Gene Corr. Gene Corr. Name R P value Exp. set Set ID Name R P value Exp. set Set ID LBY103 0.80 5.38E−02 1 1 LBY103 0.83 4.17E−02 2 12 LBY104 0.77 7.55E−02 7 1 LBY104 0.71 7.40E−02 1 15 LBY104 0.72 6.85E−02 1 9 LBY104 0.76 4.90E−02 1 12 LBY104 0.83 1.07E−02 8 1 LBY104 0.81 1.53E−02 8 14 LBY104 0.93 7.12E−04 8 13 LBY104 0.92 1.32E−03 8 11 LBY104 0.74 3.47E−02 8 6 LBY104 0.84 9.30E−03 8 10 LBY104 0.92 1.05E−03 8 2 LBY104 0.96 1.42E−04 8 7 LBY104 0.79 2.05E−02 8 8 LBY104 0.81 1.47E−02 8 4 LBY104 0.72 1.03E−01 2 14 LBY104 0.79 6.28E−02 2 9 LBY105 0.77 4.07E−02 4 3 LBY105 0.73 6.18E−02 4 16 LBY105 0.83 2.19E−02 4 14 LBY105 0.72 6.98E−02 4 6 LBY105 0.80 3.15E−02 4 19 LBY105 0.87 1.14E−02 4 5 LBY105 0.77 4.17E−02 4 7 LBY105 0.92 3.50E−03 4 8 LBY105 0.82 2.37E−02 4 4 LBY105 0.72 6.90E−02 1 14 LBY105 0.76 4.61E−02 1 11 LBY105 0.76 4.84E−02 1 10 LBY105 0.72 6.82E−02 1 19 LBY105 0.75 5.20E−02 1 7 LBY105 0.71 7.64E−02 1 12 LBY105 0.77 2.57E−02 8 9 LBY105 0.72 3.00E−02 3 14 LBY105 0.71 3.36E−02 3 11 LBY105 0.71 3.15E−02 3 10 LBY105 0.78 1.28E−02 3 18 LBY105 0.74 2.13E−02 3 19 LBY105 0.83 5.48E−03 3 5 LBY105 0.77 1.63E−02 3 7 LBY105 0.81 8.53E−03 3 8 LBY105 0.72 2.95E−02 3 4 LBY105 0.77 7.04E−02 2 14 LBY105 0.87 2.56E−02 2 2 LBY105 0.81 5.01E−02 2 5 LBY106 0.71 4.65E−02 5 12 LBY106 0.74 5.58E−02 4 8 LBY107 0.79 2.02E−02 5 9 LBY107 0.71 7.11E−02 4 6 LBY107 0.77 4.25E−02 4 18 LBY107 0.71 7.14E−02 4 2 LBY107 0.74 5.78E−02 7 15 LBY107 0.75 5.06E−02 7 21 LBY107 0.82 2.37E−02 7 9 LBY107 0.84 1.93E−02 7 12 LBY107 0.76 1.08E−02 6 3 LBY107 0.77 9.15E−03 6 16 LBY107 0.76 1.06E−02 6 17 LBY107 0.83 4.32E−02 2 9 LBY107 0.74 9.17E−02 2 18 LBY107 0.72 1.05E−01 2 12 LBY110 0.70 7.69E−02 7 3 LBY110 0.77 4.38E−02 7 16 LBY110 0.74 5.64E−02 7 15 LBY110 0.91 3.87E−03 7 13 LBY110 0.79 3.46E−02 7 21 LBY110 0.79 3.38E−02 7 11 LBY110 0.78 3.82E−02 7 6 LBY110 0.76 4.61E−02 7 10 LBY110 0.75 5.09E−02 7 7 LBY110 0.74 5.50E−02 7 4 LBY110 0.78 3.70E−02 7 17 LBY110 0.72 4.21E−02 8 1 LBY110 0.77 1.51E−02 3 9 LBY110 0.75 8.75E−02 2 12 LBY112 0.71 7.35E−02 4 14 LBY112 0.78 3.73E−02 1 15 LBY112 0.78 3.89E−02 1 9 LBY112 0.72 6.88E−02 1 10 LBY112 0.77 4.48E−02 1 12 LBY112 0.73 9.94E−02 2 14 LBY113 0.80 3.14E−02 1 15 LBY113 0.82 2.40E−02 1 9 LBY113 0.82 2.48E−02 1 12 LBY113 0.78 2.26E−02 8 1 LBY113 0.92 1.35E−03 8 13 LBY113 0.82 1.33E−02 8 11 LBY113 0.88 3.82E−03 8 10 LBY113 0.80 1.70E−02 8 2 LBY113 0.82 1.19E−02 8 7 LBY113 0.71 4.78E−02 8 8 LBY113 0.70 5.15E−02 8 4 LBY114 0.73 6.49E−02 4 3 LBY116 0.74 3.44E−02 5 6 LBY116 0.89 1.89E−02 7 1 LBY116 0.77 4.21E−02 7 2 LBY116 0.73 4.16E−02 8 13 LBY116 0.76 3.00E−02 8 11 LBY116 0.76 3.03E−02 8 2 LBY116 0.87 2.37E−02 2 14 LBY117 0.77 4.17E−02 1 15 LBY117 0.78 3.82E−02 1 9 LBY117 0.71 7.41E−02 1 12 LBY117 0.86 5.61E−03 8 15 LBY117 0.97 1.59E−03 2 14 LBY117 0.92 9.96E−03 2 5 LBY118 0.70 7.89E−02 1 5 LBY118 0.75 3.26E−02 8 13 LBY118 0.80 1.63E−02 8 2 LBY118 0.79 6.29E−02 2 14 LBY119 0.71 7.40E−02 1 16 LBY119 0.89 7.69E−03 1 15 LBY119 0.76 4.62E−02 1 11 LBY119 0.94 1.93E−03 1 9 LBY119 0.86 1.41E−02 1 10 LBY119 0.73 6.33E−02 1 19 LBY119 0.80 3.21E−02 1 7 LBY119 0.93 2.20E−03 1 12 LBY119 0.74 3.57E−02 8 13 LBY119 0.78 2.25E−02 8 2 LBY120 0.72 1.08E−01 4 1 LBY120 0.70 5.17E−02 8 14 LBY120 0.72 4.19E−02 8 13 LBY120 0.73 4.09E−02 8 11 LBY120 0.85 7.21E−03 8 2 LBY120 0.81 1.55E−02 8 7 LBY120 0.74 9.26E−02 2 14 LBY121 0.82 2.25E−02 7 19 LBY121 0.73 6.24E−02 7 5 LBY121 0.75 5.18E−02 7 12 LBY121 0.94 1.45E−03 1 3 LBY121 0.86 1.27E−02 1 16 LBY121 0.82 2.43E−02 1 14 LBY121 0.74 5.70E−02 1 13 LBY121 0.84 1.88E−02 1 11 LBY121 0.92 3.46E−03 1 6 LBY121 0.79 3.31E−02 1 9 LBY121 0.77 4.36E−02 1 10 LBY121 0.70 7.96E−02 1 18 LBY121 0.73 6.00E−02 1 19 LBY121 0.82 2.31E−02 1 5 LBY121 0.80 3.00E−02 1 7 LBY121 0.89 7.17E−03 1 8 LBY121 0.89 7.24E−03 1 12 LBY121 0.95 1.07E−03 1 4 LBY121 0.91 4.34E−03 1 17 LBY121 0.73 1.03E−01 2 15 LBY123 0.79 3.30E−02 4 14 LBY123 0.79 3.62E−02 1 3 LBY123 0.74 5.72E−02 1 16 LBY123 0.84 1.68E−02 1 14 LBY123 0.79 3.57E−02 1 13 LBY123 0.71 7.65E−02 1 11 LBY123 0.86 1.36E−02 1 6 LBY123 0.71 7.60E−02 1 19 LBY123 0.74 5.80E−02 1 7 LBY123 0.90 6.03E−03 1 8 LBY123 0.87 1.07E−02 1 4 LBY123 0.73 6.36E−02 1 17 LBY123 0.73 3.82E−02 8 1 LBY123 0.79 1.06E−02 3 3 LBY123 0.76 1.82E−02 3 11 LBY123 0.81 7.96E−03 3 6 LBY123 0.75 2.03E−02 3 10 LBY123 0.78 1.34E−02 3 19 LBY123 0.72 2.89E−02 3 7 LBY123 0.76 1.76E−02 3 4 LBY123 0.79 1.19E−02 3 17 LBY233 0.88 2.10E−02 2 14 LBY233 0.71 1.13E−01 2 5 LBY5 0.76 4.59E−02 7 15 LBY5 0.75 2.07E−02 6 1 LBY5 0.74 1.44E−02 6 14 LBY5 0.76 1.09E−02 6 2 LBY5 0.73 1.67E−02 6 5 LBY5 0.78 8.34E−03 6 8 LBY5 0.76 2.84E−02 3 1 LBY5 0.78 6.53E−02 2 9 LBY5 0.78 6.57E−02 2 18 LBY5 0.96 2.27E−03 2 12 LBY6 0.77 4.29E−02 4 13 LBY6 0.78 3.67E−02 4 6 LBY6 0.87 1.03E−02 1 13 LBY6 0.74 5.80E−02 1 6 LBY6 0.74 5.76E−02 1 4 LGN17 0.72 4.42E−02 5 18 LGN17 0.84 3.85E−02 4 1 LGN17 0.85 1.63E−02 4 2 LGN17 0.76 7.70E−02 1 1 LGN17 0.74 5.57E−02 1 2 LGN17 0.89 1.71E−02 2 9 LGN17 0.88 2.20E−02 2 18 LGN20 0.70 7.85E−02 4 3 LGN20 0.81 2.63E−02 4 18 LGN20 0.73 6.22E−02 7 3 LGN20 0.72 6.58E−02 7 5 LGN20 0.74 5.85E−02 1 19 LGN20 0.71 7.17E−02 1 12 LGN20 0.72 2.97E−02 3 3 LGN20 0.73 2.51E−02 3 13 LGN20 0.73 2.52E−02 3 19 LGN20 0.74 2.37E−02 3 5 LGN20 0.75 1.91E−02 3 8 LGN20 0.77 1.51E−02 3 4 LGN20 0.80 5.37E−02 2 13 LGN20 0.71 1.15E−01 2 9 LGN20 0.92 1.04E−02 2 10 LGN20 0.71 1.11E−01 2 18 LGN20 0.74 9.14E−02 2 12 LGN20 0.73 1.02E−01 2 17 LGN23 0.91 6.58E−04 6 1 LGN23 0.79 6.88E−03 6 13 LGN23 0.85 2.00E−03 6 2 LGN23 0.83 2.68E−03 6 8 LGN23 0.78 7.60E−03 6 4 LGN24 0.76 8.07E−02 2 9 LGN26 0.77 2.65E−02 5 10 LGN26 0.73 9.62E−02 1 1 LGN26 0.82 1.22E−02 8 1 LGN26 0.73 3.78E−02 8 14 LGN26 0.77 2.58E−02 8 13 LGN26 0.71 4.85E−02 8 11 LGN26 0.73 4.08E−02 8 2 LGN26 0.71 4.99E−02 8 5 LGN26 0.72 4.39E−02 8 7 LGN26 0.70 5.25E−02 8 8 LGN33 0.73 1.02E−01 2 9 LGN33 0.96 2.67E−03 2 12 LGN34 0.79 1.87E−02 5 9 LGN34 0.85 1.43E−02 4 3 LGN34 0.92 3.81E−03 4 16 LGN34 0.79 3.46E−02 4 14 LGN34 0.80 3.02E−02 4 15 LGN34 0.86 1.40E−02 4 11 LGN34 0.79 3.40E−02 4 6 LGN34 0.91 5.03E−03 4 9 LGN34 0.89 6.98E−03 4 10 LGN34 0.92 2.89E−03 4 19 LGN34 0.90 5.43E−03 4 5 LGN34 0.90 5.75E−03 4 7 LGN34 0.88 8.56E−03 4 8 LGN34 0.87 1.09E−02 4 12 LGN34 0.82 2.39E−02 4 4 LGN34 0.87 1.17E−02 4 17 LGN34 0.86 1.38E−02 1 3 LGN34 0.92 3.40E−03 1 16 LGN34 0.78 4.06E−02 1 14 LGN34 0.94 1.95E−03 1 15 LGN34 0.74 5.79E−02 1 13 LGN34 0.93 2.15E−03 1 11 LGN34 0.77 4.40E−02 1 6 LGN34 0.96 7.52E−04 1 9 LGN34 0.93 2.48E−03 1 10 LGN34 0.86 1.37E−02 1 19 LGN34 0.88 8.85E−03 1 5 LGN34 0.95 1.06E−03 1 7 LGN34 0.78 4.01E−02 1 8 LGN34 0.86 1.37E−02 1 12 LGN34 0.79 3.47E−02 1 4 LGN34 0.89 7.17E−03 1 17 LGN34 0.81 1.39E−02 8 1 LGN34 0.75 3.17E−02 8 2 LGN34 0.83 5.24E−03 3 3 LGN34 0.88 1.89E−03 3 16 LGN34 0.83 5.86E−03 3 15 LGN34 0.88 1.92E−03 3 13 LGN34 0.90 1.08E−03 3 11 LGN34 0.75 1.93E−02 3 6 LGN34 0.84 4.77E−03 3 9 LGN34 0.93 2.61E−04 3 10 LGN34 0.83 5.17E−03 3 19 LGN34 0.78 1.38E−02 3 5 LGN34 0.94 2.12E−04 3 7 LGN34 0.82 6.92E−03 3 8 LGN34 0.89 1.28E−03 3 12 LGN34 0.83 6.02E−03 3 4 LGN34 0.89 1.40E−03 3 17 LGN34 0.77 7.59E−02 2 15 LGN35 0.77 2.45E−02 5 5 LGN35 0.84 4.42E−03 6 1 LGN35 0.79 7.08E−03 6 2 LGN35 0.70 1.19E−01 2 7 LGN36 0.74 8.96E−02 7 1 LGN36 0.78 8.34E−03 6 18 LGN36 0.79 5.95E−02 2 12 LGN39 0.71 7.54E−02 4 16 LGN39 0.74 5.83E−02 4 15 LGN39 0.82 2.34E−02 4 13 LGN39 0.75 5.34E−02 4 6 LGN39 0.74 9.14E−02 1 1 LGN39 0.74 5.97E−02 1 14 LGN39 0.71 7.50E−02 1 13 LGN39 0.72 7.02E−02 1 6 LGN39 0.71 7.30E−02 1 8 LGN39 0.73 6.52E−02 1 4 LGN39 0.78 2.16E−02 8 19 LGN39 0.77 2.62E−02 8 5 LGN49 0.70 7.73E−02 4 9 LGN49 0.82 1.27E−02 8 1 LGN49 0.78 2.34E−02 8 2 LGN61 0.83 1.10E−02 5 2 Table 84. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of the yield improving genes and their homologs in various tissues [Expression (Exp) sets, Table 80] and the phenotypic performance [yield, biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components (Table 82-83) as determined using the Correlation vector (Corr.) in Table 81)] under normal conditions across maize varieties. P = p value.

Example 11 Production of Maize Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield, NUE, and ABST Related Parameters Measured in Semi-Hydroponics Conditions Using 60K Maize Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

Maize vigor related parameters under low nitrogen, 100 mM NaCl, low temperature (10±2° C.) and normal growth conditions—Twelve Maize hybrids were grown in 5 repetitive plots, each containing 7 plants, at a net house under semi-hydroponics conditions. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows: Maize seeds were sown in trays filled with a mix of vermiculite and peat in a 1:1 ratio. Following germination, the trays were transferred to the high salinity solution (100 mM NaCl in addition to the Full Hoagland solution at 28±2° C., low temperature (“cold conditions” of 10±2° C. in the presence of Full Hoagland solution), low nitrogen solution (the amount of total nitrogen was reduced in 90% from the full Hoagland solution (i.e., to a final concentration of 10% from full Hoagland solution, final amount of 1.6 mM N, at 28±2° C.) or at Normal growth solution (Full Hoagland containing 16 mM N solution, at 28±2° C.). Plants were grown at 28±2° C.

Full Hoagland solution consists of: KNO₃—0.808 grams/liter, MgSO₄—0.12 grams/liter, KH₂PO₄—0.136 grams/liter and 0.01% (volume/volume) of ‘Super coratin’ micro elements (Iron-EDDHA [ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)]—40.5 grams/liter; Mn—20.2 grams/liter; Zn 10.1 grams/liter; Co 1.5 grams/liter; and Mo 1.1 grams/liter), solution's pH should be 6.5-6.8].

Analyzed Maize tissues—Twelve selected Maize hybrids were sampled per each treatment. Two tissues [leaves and root tip] growing at 100 mM NaCl, low temperature (10±2° C.), low Nitrogen (1.6 mM N) or under Normal conditions were sampled at the vegetative stage (V4-5) and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 85-88 below.

TABLE 85 Maize transcriptome expression sets under semi hydroponics and normal conditions Expression set Set ID leaf at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under Normal conditions 1 root tip at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under Normal 2 conditions Table 85: Provided are the Maize transcriptome expression sets at normal conditions.

TABLE 86 Maize transcriptome expression sets under semi hydroponics and cold conditions Expression set Set ID leaf at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under cold conditions 1 root tip at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under cold conditions 2 Table 86: Provided are the Maize transcriptome expression sets at cold conditions.

TABLE 87 Maize transcriptome expression sets under semi hydroponics and low N (Nitrogen deficient) conditions Expression set Set ID leaf at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under low N 1 conditions (1.6 mM N) root tip at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under low N 2 conditions (1.6 mM N) Table 87: Provided are the Maize transcriptome expression sets at low nitrogen conditions 1.6 mM Nitrogen.

TABLE 88 Maize transcriptome expression sets under semi hydroponics and salinity conditions Expression set Set ID leaf at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under 1 salinity conditions (NaCl 100 mM) root tip at vegetative stage (V4-V5) under 2 salinity conditions (NaCl 100 mM) Table 88: Provided are the Maize transcriptome expression sets at 100 mM NaCl.

The following parameters were collected:

Leaves DW—leaves dry weight per plant (average of five plants).

Plant Height growth—was calculated as regression coefficient of plant height [cm] along time course (average of five plants).

Root DW—root dry weight per plant, all vegetative tissue above ground (average of four plants).

Root length—the length of the root was measured at V4 developmental stage.

Shoot DW—shoot dry weight per plant, all vegetative tissue above ground (average of four plants) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours.

Shoot FW—shoot fresh weight per plant, all vegetative tissue above ground (average of four plants).

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 30 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Experimental Results

12 different Maize hybrids were grown and characterized at the vegetative stage (V4-5) for different parameters. The correlated parameters are described in Table 89 below. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 90-97 below. Subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 98-101). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 89 Maize correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID Leaves DW [gr] 1 Plant height growth [cm/day] 2 Root DW [gr] 3 Root length [cm] 4 SPAD 5 Shoot DW [gr] 6 Shoot FW [gr] 7 Table 89: Provided are the Maize correlated parameters. “DW”-dry weight; “FW”-fresh weight.

TABLE 90 Maize accessions, measured parameters under low nitrogen growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 0.57 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.36 0.51 2 0.75 0.81 0.88 0.69 0.83 0.84 3 0.38 0.35 0.25 0.36 0.31 0.30 4 44.50 45.63 44.25 43.59 40.67 42.03 5 21.43 21.24 22.23 24.56 22.75 26.47 6 2.56 1.96 2.01 1.94 1.94 2.52 7 23.27 20.58 19.26 20.02 17.98 22.06 Table 90: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under low nitrogen (nitrogen deficient) conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 91 Maize accessions, measured parameters under low nitrogen growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.56 0.39 2 0.78 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.80 0.64 3 0.29 0.31 0.29 0.32 0.43 0.17 4 42.65 45.06 45.31 42.17 41.03 37.65 5 22.08 25.09 23.73 25.68 25.02 19.51 6 2.03 2.37 2.09 2.17 2.62 1.53 7 21.28 22.13 20.29 19.94 22.50 15.93 Table 91: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under low nitrogen (nitrogen deficient) conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 92 Maize accessions, measured parameters under 100 mM NaCl growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 0.41 0.50 0.43 0.48 0.43 0.56 2 0.46 0.40 0.45 0.32 0.32 0.31 3 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.03 4 10.88 11.28 11.82 10.08 8.46 10.56 5 36.55 39.92 37.82 41.33 40.82 44.40 6 2.43 2.19 2.25 2.26 1.54 1.94 7 19.58 20.78 18.45 19.35 15.65 16.09 Table 92: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under 100 mM NaCl (salinity) growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 93 Maize accessions, measured parameters under 100 mM NaCl growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 0.33 0.51 0.47 0.98 0.48 0.15 2 0.29 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.31 0.27 3 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.01 4 10.14 11.83 10.55 11.18 10.09 8.90 5 37.92 43.22 39.83 38.20 38.14 37.84 6 1.78 1.90 1.89 2.20 1.86 0.97 7 12.46 16.92 16.75 17.64 15.90 9.40 Table 93: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under 100 mM NaCl (salinity) growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 94 Maize accessions, measured parameters under cold growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 1.19 1.17 1.02 1.18 1.04 1.23 2 2.15 1.93 2.12 1.80 2.32 2.15 3 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 5 28.88 29.11 27.08 32.38 32.68 32.89 6 5.74 4.86 3.98 4.22 4.63 4.93 7 73.79 55.46 53.26 54.92 58.95 62.36 Table 94: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under cold growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 95 Maize accessions, measured parameters under cold growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 1.13 0.98 0.88 1.28 1.10 0.60 2 2.49 2.01 1.95 2.03 1.85 1.21 3 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.06 5 31.58 33.01 28.65 31.43 30.64 30.71 6 4.82 4.03 3.57 3.99 4.64 1.89 7 63.65 54.90 48.25 52.83 55.08 29.61 Table 95: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under cold growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 96 Maize accessions, measured parameters under regular growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 1.16 1.10 0.92 1.01 0.93 0.91 2 1.99 1.92 1.93 1.93 2.15 1.95 3 0.14 0.11 0.23 0.16 0.08 0.05 4 20.15 15.89 18.59 18.72 16.38 14.93 5 34.50 35.77 34.70 34.42 35.26 37.52 6 5.27 4.67 3.88 5.08 4.10 4.46 7 79.00 62.85 59.73 63.92 60.06 64.67 Table 96: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under regular growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 97 Maize accessions, measured parameters under regular growth conditions Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 1.11 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.23 0.44 2 2.23 1.94 1.97 2.05 1.74 1.26 3 0.17 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.03 4 17.48 15.74 15.71 17.58 16.13 17.43 5 36.50 36.07 33.74 34.34 35.74 29.04 6 4.68 4.59 4.08 4.61 5.42 2.02 7 68.10 65.81 58.31 61.87 70.04 35.96 Table 97: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Maize accessions (Seed ID) under regular growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 98 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Maize accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY107 0.77 9.51E−03 1 1 LBY114 0.74 2.34E−02 2 4 LBY120 0.73 2.64E−02 2 7 LBY120 0.72 3.00E−02 2 3 LGN17 0.80 1.03E−02 2 7 LGN33 0.77 8.77E−03 1 7 LGN36 0.81 8.75E−03 2 5 LGN36 0.70 2.29E−02 1 5 LGN49 0.73 2.53E−02 2 7 LGN49 0.78 1.35E−02 2 5 Table 98. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologues in tissues [Leaves or roots; Expression sets (Exp), Table 85] and the phenotypic performance in various biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components [Tables 96-97 using the Correlation vector (corr.) as described in Table 89] under normal conditions across Maize accessions. P = p value.

TABLE 99 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen conditions across Maize accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LGN34 0.77 1.51E−02 2 2 LGN36 0.79 1.13E−02 2 2 LGN36 0.83 5.33E−03 2 5 LGN49 0.88 1.76E−03 2 5 LGN62 0.71 2.05E−02 1 5 LGN62 0.76 1.14E−02 1 6 Table 99. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologues in tissues [Leaves or roots; Expression sets (Exp), Table 87] and the phenotypic performance in various biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components [Tables 90-91 using the Correlation vector (corr.) as described in Table 89] under low nitrogen conditions across Maize accessions. P = p value.

TABLE 100 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under cold conditions across Maize accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY104 0.71 3.27E−02 2 6 LBY117 0.70 3.45E−02 2 7 LBY5 0.71 4.78E−02 1 6 LGN17 0.81 1.42E−02 1 3 LGN18 0.71 3.08E−02 2 7 Table 100. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologues in tissues [Leaves or roots; Expression sets (Exp), Table 86] and the phenotypic performance in various biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components [Tables 94-95 using the Correlation vector (corr.) as described in Table 89] under cold conditions (10 ± 2° C.) across Maize accessions. P = p value.

TABLE 101 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under salinity conditions across Maize accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY105 0.72 3.00E−02 2 2 LBY107 0.74 2.13E−02 2 1 LBY107 0.76 1.11E−02 1 7 LBY113 0.77 1.60E−02 2 3 LBY121 0.75 2.10E−02 2 1 LBY121 0.76 1.15E−02 1 1 LGN26 0.80 9.46E−03 2 3 LGN36 0.79 7.08E−03 1 2 Table 101. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologues in tissues [Leaves or roots; Expression sets (Exp), Table 88] and the phenotypic performance in various biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components [Tables 92-93 using the Correlation vector (corr.) as described in Table 89] under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) across Maize accessions. P = p value.

Example 12 Production of Maize Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis when Grown Under Normal Conditions and Defoliation Treatment Using 60K Maize Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

To produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized a Maize oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K Maize genes and transcripts designed based on data from Public databases (Example 1). To define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield, biomass components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 13 different Maize hybrids were analyzed under normal and defoliation conditions. Same hybrids were subjected to RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

13 maize hybrids lines were grown in 6 repetitive plots, in field. Maize seeds were planted and plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols. After silking, 3 plots in every hybrid line underwent the defoliation treatment. In this treatment all the leaves above the ear (about 75% of the total leaves) were removed. After the treatment, all the plants were grown according to the same commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols.

Three tissues at flowering developmental (R1) and grain filling (R3) stage including leaf (flowering -R1), stem (flowering -R1 and grain filling -R3), and flowering meristem (flowering -R1) representing different plant characteristics, were sampled from treated and untreated plants. RNA was extracted as described in “GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL AND BIOINFORMATICS METHODS”. For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 102-103 below.

TABLE 102 Tissues used for Maize transcriptome expression sets (Under normal conditions) Expression Set Set ID Female meristem at flowering stage under normal conditions 1 leaf at flowering stage under normal conditions 2 stem at flowering stage under normal conditions 3 stem at grain filling stage under normal conditions 4 Table 102: Provided are the identification (ID) numbers of each of the Maize expression sets.

TABLE 103 Tissues used for Maize transcriptome expression sets (Under defoliation treatment) Expression Set Set ID Female meristem at flowering stage under defoliation treatment 1 Leaf at flowering stage under defoliation treatment 2 Stem at flowering stage under defoliation treatment 3 Stem at grain filling stage under defoliation treatment 4 Table 103: Provided are the identification (ID) numbers of each of the Maize expression sets.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

The following parameters were collected by imaging.

1000 grain weight—At the end of the experiment all seeds from all plots were collected and weighed and the weight of 1000 was calculated.

Ear Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 5 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ears.

Ear Length and Ear Width (cm)—At the end of the growing period 6 ears were, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear length and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ears.

Grain Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Length and Grain width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths/or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Perimeter (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Ear filled grain area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 5 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear area filled with kernels was measured from those images and was divided by the number of Ears.

Filled per Whole Ear—was calculated as the length of the ear with grains out of the total ear.

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 6 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

Cob width [cm]—The diameter of the cob without grains was measured using a ruler.

Ear average weight [kg]—At the end of the experiment (when ears were harvested) total and 6 selected ears per plots were collected. The ears were weighted and the average ear per plant was calculated. The ear weight was normalized using the relative humidity to be 0%.

Plant height and Ear height—Plants were characterized for height at harvesting. In each measure, 6 plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the plant below the tassel. Ear height was measured from the ground level to the place were the main ear is located

Ear row num—The number of rows per ear was counted.

Ear fresh weight per plant (GF)—During the grain filling period (GF) and total and 6 selected ears per plot were collected separately. The ears were weighted and the average ear weight per plant was calculated.

Ears dry weight—At the end of the experiment (when ears were harvested) total and 6 selected ears per plots were collected and weighted. The ear weight was normalized using the relative humidity to be 0%.

Ears fresh weight—At the end of the experiment (when ears were harvested) total and 6 selected ears per plots were collected and weighted.

Ears per plant—number of ears per plant were counted.

Grains weight (Kg.)—At the end of the experiment all ears were collected. Ears from 6 plants from each plot were separately threshed and grains were weighted.

Grains dry weight (Kg.)—At the end of the experiment all ears were collected. Ears from 6 plants from each plot were separately threshed and grains were weighted. The grain weight was normalized using the relative humidity to be 0%.

Grain weight per ear (Kg.)—At the end of the experiment all ears were collected. 5 ears from each plot were separately threshed and grains were weighted. The average grain weight per ear was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of ears.

Leaves area per plant at GF and HD [LAI, leaf area index]=Total leaf area of 6 plants in a plot his parameter was measured at two time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD) and during the grain filling period (GF). Measurement was performed using a Leaf area-meter at two time points in the course of the experiment; during the grain filling period and at the heading stage (VT).

Leaves fresh weight at GF and HD—This parameter was measured at two time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD) and during the grain filling period (GF). Leaves used for measurement of the LAI were weighted.

Lower stem fresh weight at GF, HD and H—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment: at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Lower internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted. The average internode weight per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Lower stem length at GF, HD and H—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Lower internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their length was measured using a ruler. The average internode length per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Lower stem width at GF, HD, and H—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment: at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Lower internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their diameter was measured using a caliber. The average internode width per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Plant height growth—the relative growth rate (RGR) of Plant Height was calculated as described in Formula III above.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot. Data were taken after 46 and 54 days after sowing (DPS).

Stem fresh weight at GF and HD—This parameter was measured at two time points during the course of the experiment: at heading (HD) and during the grain filling period (GF). Stems of the plants used for measurement of the LAI were weighted.

Total dry matter—Total dry matter was calculated using Formula XXI above.

Upper stem fresh weight at GF, HD and H—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Upper internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and weighted. The average internode weight per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Upper stem length at GF, HD, and H—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Upper internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their length was measured using a ruler. The average internode length per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Upper stem width at GF, HD and H (mm)—This parameter was measured at three time points during the course of the experiment; at heading (HD), during the grain filling period (GF) and at harvest (H). Upper internodes from at least 4 plants per plot were separated from the plant and their diameter was measured using a caliber. The average internode width per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by the number of plants.

Vegetative dry weight (Kg.)—total weight of the vegetative portion of 6 plants (above ground excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours weight by the number of plants.

Vegetative fresh weight (Kg.)—total weight of the vegetative portion of 6 plants (above ground excluding roots).

Node number—nodes on the stem were counted at the heading stage of plant development.

TABLE 104 Maize correlated parameters (vectors) under normal grown conditions and under the treatment of defoliation Normal conditions Defoliation treatment Corr. Corr. Correlated parameter with ID Correlated parameter with ID 1000 grains weight [gr.] 1 1000 grains weight [gr.] 1 Cob width [mm] 2 Cob width [mm] 2 Ear Area [cm²] 3 Ear Area [cm²] 3 Ear Filled Grain Area [cm²] 4 Ear Filled Grain Area [cm²] 4 Ear Width [cm] 5 Ear Width [cm] 5 Ear avr. Weight [gr.] 6 Ear avr weight [gr.] 6 Ear height [cm] 7 Ear height [cm] 7 Ear length [feret's diameter] 8 Ear length (feret's diameter) 8 [cm] [cm] Ear row number [num] 9 Ear row number [num] 9 Ears FW per plant (GF) 10 Ears dry weight (SP) [gr.] 10 [gr./plant] Ears dry weight (SP) [kg] 11 Ears fresh weight (SP) [kg] 11 Ears fresh weight (SP) [kg] 12 Ears per plant (SP) [num] 12 Ears per plant (SP) [num] 13 Filled/Whole Ear [ratio] 13 Filled/Whole Ear [ratio] 14 Grain Perimeter [cm] 14 Grain Perimeter [cm] 15 Grain area [cm²] 15 Grain area [cm²] 16 Grain length [cm] 16 Grain length [cm] 17 Grain width [mm] 17 Grain width [cm] 18 Grains dry yield (SP) [kg] 18 Grains dry yield (SP) [kg] 19 Grains yield (SP) [kg] 19 Grains yield (SP) [kg] 20 Grains yield per ear (SP) 20 [kg] Grains yield per ear (SP) [kg] 21 Leaves FW (HD) [gr.] 21 Leaves FW (GF) [gr.] 22 Leaves area PP (HD) [cm²] 22 Leaves FW (HD) [gr.] 23 Leaves 23 temperature_[GF] [° C.] Leaves area PP (GF) [cm²] 24 Lower Stem FW [H] [gr.] 24 Leaves area PP (HD) [cm²] 25 Lower Stem FW (HD) [gr.] 25 Leaves temperature 26 Lower Stem length [H] 26 (GF) [° C.] [cm] Lower Stem FW (GF) [gr.] 27 Lower Stem length (HD) 27 [cm] Lower Stem FW (H) [gr.] 28 Lower Stem width [H] 28 [mm] Lower Stem FW (HD) [gr.] 29 Lower Stem width 29 (HD) [mm] Lower Stem length (GF) [cm] 30 Node number [num] 30 Lower Stem length (H) [cm] 31 Plant_height [cm] 31 Lower Stem length 32 Plant height growth 32 (HD) [cm] [cm/day] Lower Stem width (GF) 33 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 33 [mm] Lower Stem width (H) [mm] 34 Stem FW (HD) [gr.] 34 Lower Stem width 35 Total dry matter (SP) [kg] 35 (HD) [mm] Node number [num] 36 Upper Stem FW (H) [gr.] 36 Plant height [cm] 37 Upper Stem length (H) [cm] 37 Plant height growth [cm/day] 38 Upper Stem width (H) [mm] 38 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 39 Vegetative DW (SP) [kg] 39 Stem FW (GF) [gr.] 40 Vegetative FW (SP) [kg] 40 Stem FW (HD) [gr.] 41 Total dry matter (SP) [kg] 42 Upper Stem FW (GF) [gr.] 43 Upper Stem FW (H) [gr.] 44 Upper Stem length (GF) [cm] 45 Upper Stem length (H) [cm] 46 Upper Stem width (GF) [mm] 47 Upper Stem width (H) [mm] 48 Vegetative DW (SP) [kg] 49 Vegetative FW (SP) [kg] 50 Table 104.

Thirteen maize varieties were grown, and characterized for parameters, as described above. The average for each parameter was calculated using the JMP software, and values are summarized in Tables 105-108 below. Subsequent correlation between the various transcriptome sets for all or sub set of lines was done and results were integrated into the database (Tables 109 and 110 below).

TABLE 105 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid under normal conditions Line/Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 296.50 263.25 303.61 304.70 281.18 330.45 290.88 2 24.63 25.11 23.21 23.69 22.81 22.40 23.18 3 82.30 74.63 77.00 90.15 83.80 96.63 78.36 4 80.89 72.42 73.43 85.96 80.64 95.03 74.41 5 4.656 4.787 4.961 4.998 4.650 4.802 4.786 6 209.50 164.63 177.44 218.53 205.58 135.77 147.49 7 121.67 134.24 149.64 152.14 143.83 133.65 118.39 8 22.09 19.62 20.02 23.21 22.63 23.74 20.31 9 13.00 14.94 14.56 14.56 13.56 13.06 16.12 10 351.26 323.08 307.87 330.60 320.51 434.60 325.08 11 1.257 1.087 1.065 1.311 1.234 1.354 1.159 12 1.687 1.457 1.412 1.699 1.519 1.739 1.800 13 1.000 1.111 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.056 1.000 14 0.982 0.969 0.953 0.953 0.949 0.937 0.930 15 3.299 3.233 3.275 3.338 3.178 3.382 3.246 16 0.720 0.667 0.706 0.722 0.671 0.753 0.665 17 1.125 1.123 1.133 1.170 1.081 1.159 1.142 18 0.808 0.753 0.789 0.782 0.787 0.823 0.740 19 0.907 0.800 0.766 0.923 0.833 0.986 0.820 20 1.037 0.913 0.869 1.058 0.953 1.123 0.940 21 0.151 0.133 0.128 0.154 0.139 0.164 0.137 22 230.13 197.64 201.03 205.53 224.81 204.49 212.41 23 110.97 80.57 157.21 128.83 100.57 111.80 116.75 24 7034.60 6402.80 6353.07 6443.92 6835.50 6507.33 7123.48 25 4341.25 3171.00 4205.50 4347.50 3527.00 4517.33 3984.75 26 33.11 33.52 33.87 34.18 33.78 32.85 33.19 27 35.40 25.03 26.51 21.74 26.13 34.44 27.61 28 23.52 20.34 25.08 14.18 17.53 25.74 20.60 29 72.99 59.90 74.72 90.48 69.52 66.91 60.36 30 19.35 20.40 20.93 21.38 20.03 20.31 18.08 31 16.76 20.02 22.59 21.68 22.34 21.39 17.07 32 14.50 17.75 20.00 19.35 20.33 20.75 15.00 33 19.86 16.84 16.14 16.37 17.01 17.53 18.11 34 19.42 17.19 16.09 16.92 17.52 17.88 17.96 35 24.14 20.53 20.97 24.43 21.70 19.49 23.47 36 15.22 14.56 14.61 14.83 15.00 13.83 14.28 37 265.11 255.94 271.11 283.89 279.72 268.78 244.25 38 6.30 6.52 7.14 6.98 7.41 7.50 5.60 39 59.77 53.17 53.21 54.95 53.99 55.24 55.38 40 649.03 489.32 524.06 512.66 542.16 627.76 507.78 41 758.61 587.88 801.32 794.80 721.87 708.38 660.70 42 2.57 2.06 2.32 2.44 2.36 2.57 2.23 43 19.61 15.54 17.82 10.79 14.41 20.31 15.85 44 12.94 11.21 12.98 6.50 7.99 12.08 9.72 45 16.63 18.75 18.38 17.92 17.60 18.79 17.07 46 16.93 18.76 18.72 20.01 19.40 19.65 16.42 47 16.00 14.11 13.50 11.89 13.08 14.34 15.04 48 14.93 13.00 12.44 12.04 12.89 13.28 13.10 49 1.308 0.971 1.251 1.131 1.128 1.213 1.073 50 3.157 2.252 2.607 2.596 2.416 2.640 2.220 Table 105.

TABLE 106 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid under normal conditions, additional maize lines Line/Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 1 250.26 306.20 253.19 277.03 269.53 274.81 2 24.88 26.47 23.09 22.69 23.55 26.31 3 93.91 96.77 85.44 76.77 97.99 4 92.31 95.43 83.28 74.35 96.88 5 5.182 5.001 4.952 4.786 5.426 6 207.11 228.44 215.92 198.69 188.50 254.42 7 145.24 133.78 143.71 134.17 143.00 147.78 8 22.60 23.84 21.74 20.04 22.41 9 15.89 14.00 15.44 14.89 14.94 16.78 10 327.15 363.70 405.72 338.24 345.32 369.69 11 1.292 1.371 1.296 1.192 1.131 1.527 12 1.595 1.739 1.681 1.565 1.421 1.891 13 1.056 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 14 0.982 0.986 0.974 0.966 0.989 15 3.182 3.291 3.269 3.216 3.155 3.384 16 0.646 0.705 0.678 0.670 0.652 0.723 17 1.118 1.151 1.163 1.124 1.090 1.206 18 0.730 0.774 0.739 0.756 0.757 0.760 19 0.921 1.017 0.942 0.852 0.813 1.142 20 1.050 1.155 1.076 0.974 0.924 1.287 21 0.154 0.169 0.157 0.142 0.136 0.190 22 181.43 199.22 206.91 168.54 199.42 200.12 23 106.95 85.97 102.71 105.73 102.12 143.06 24 6075.21 6597.67 6030.40 6307.06 6617.65 6848.03 25 3696.75 3926.67 3127.67 3942.75 3955.00 4854.00 26 33.66 33.78 32.64 33.95 33.28 33.90 27 25.26 26.18 34.31 25.50 23.06 25.59 28 16.35 18.90 27.30 22.35 19.26 22.82 29 63.07 55.89 82.13 60.02 58.70 116.12 30 20.18 19.81 22.89 19.81 19.53 21.40 31 20.69 18.48 23.31 19.39 19.66 19.97 32 18.68 20.50 22.57 19.83 14.50 20.33 33 17.09 16.87 17.49 16.62 17.10 17.38 34 18.42 17.43 18.07 17.68 17.61 18.93 35 20.97 21.46 21.41 22.12 23.25 24.31 36 14.72 15.44 14.33 14.44 14.89 14.39 37 273.56 273.22 295.33 259.25 257.89 277.19 38 6.96 7.02 7.83 6.98 6.56 7.25 39 56.76 55.81 58.54 51.68 55.16 54.16 40 549.34 509.74 662.13 527.43 474.68 544.03 41 724.58 618.46 837.56 612.81 728.00 950.29 42 2.73 2.33 2.40 2.20 2.08 2.84 43 14.39 17.85 20.42 13.93 13.05 16.45 44 6.98 9.40 13.58 9.20 7.69 10.17 45 17.52 18.15 18.61 17.69 18.15 18.64 46 18.34 16.63 19.38 16.71 16.27 15.92 47 13.63 14.73 14.61 13.17 12.77 14.15 48 13.48 13.42 13.27 13.14 12.53 13.79 49 1.438 0.961 1.100 1.007 0.953 1.313 50 2.897 2.224 2.827 2.295 2.151 2.900 Table 106.

TABLE 107 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid under defoliation treatment Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 280.03 251.86 294.29 295.36 288.40 308.25 230.12 2 19.03 22.12 16.31 21.54 19.84 18.21 19.77 3 53.60 45.50 38.31 58.47 53.89 63.54 39.83 4 51.50 42.95 34.59 55.67 51.36 61.44 36.31 5 4.181 4.207 3.919 4.773 4.506 4.612 4.099 6 89.20 100.75 73.39 129.84 129.78 115.06 85.04 7 119.44 131.56 145.53 156.06 145.28 129.53 123.38 8 16.34 13.63 12.89 15.94 15.34 17.53 13.21 9 12.71 14.36 13.00 14.12 13.47 13.07 14.06 10 0.747 0.583 0.440 0.742 0.779 0.576 0.454 11 0.973 0.833 0.629 0.979 1.010 0.803 0.648 12 1.000 0.944 1.000 0.944 1.000 0.941 0.889 13 0.954 0.915 0.873 0.950 0.948 0.961 0.905 14 3.109 3.144 3.179 3.207 3.196 3.230 3.130 15 0.649 0.632 0.669 0.675 0.677 0.683 0.631 16 1.052 1.080 1.079 1.110 1.087 1.094 1.066 17 0.777 0.740 0.781 0.765 0.786 0.788 0.750 18 0.523 0.400 0.289 0.517 0.547 0.398 0.302 19 0.604 0.456 0.331 0.588 0.624 0.458 0.345 20 0.087 0.069 0.048 0.090 0.091 0.080 0.056 21 112.27 94.99 125.14 144.48 112.50 116.16 113.78 22 3914.00 3480.00 4276.50 4985.50 4643.50 4223.00 3436.00 23 32.47 33.09 33.64 32.29 32.87 33.40 33.43 24 23.02 26.50 26.98 15.24 18.19 37.21 27.88 25 64.16 53.81 56.41 80.95 71.27 66.69 64.19 26 16.29 21.44 20.85 22.58 22.94 21.62 18.76 27 15.15 18.50 16.67 18.07 18.00 19.83 16.10 28 19.54 16.90 15.79 17.01 17.12 18.17 18.21 29 24.30 20.57 21.06 24.87 20.85 20.46 20.96 30 15.17 14.39 15.00 15.11 14.50 14.22 14.39 31 251.42 248.64 268.06 285.11 278.83 261.88 254.64 32 6.38 6.32 6.31 6.93 6.83 7.14 6.48 33 61.21 57.36 58.02 62.36 60.72 62.22 59.65 34 713.54 538.04 705.53 803.33 703.36 664.23 673.24 35 1.539 1.365 1.440 1.532 1.571 1.574 1.337 36 8.68 11.08 14.10 4.89 6.04 13.95 10.93 37 16.24 18.83 17.74 19.64 20.74 20.14 17.18 38 14.27 12.82 12.69 11.09 12.00 13.03 14.25 39 0.792 0.782 1.000 0.790 0.792 0.998 0.883 40 2.511 1.955 2.797 2.107 2.205 2.785 2.541 Table 107.

TABLE 108 Measured parameters in Maize Hybrid under defoliation treatment, additional maize lines Line/Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 1 271.25 259.43 243.98 262.41 248.64 244.16 2 22.44 20.28 19.64 22.32 23.31 27.78 3 47.33 65.90 43.83 43.28 52.30 58.31 4 43.34 64.80 39.56 40.43 49.28 55.69 5 4.202 4.664 4.056 4.012 4.407 4.975 6 33.10 161.76 89.36 87.68 88.18 124.58 7 135.00 136.50 136.39 130.32 139.71 143.44 8 14.82 17.60 13.78 13.75 15.53 14.87 9 13.75 13.94 12.79 13.00 14.29 15.83 10 0.630 0.803 0.536 0.552 0.512 0.748 11 0.819 1.148 0.877 0.791 0.693 0.991 12 1.000 0.882 1.000 1.056 0.944 1.000 13 0.905 0.983 0.890 0.918 0.940 0.950 14 3.016 3.117 3.086 3.030 2.976 3.153 15 0.610 0.623 0.619 0.600 0.583 0.631 16 1.024 1.084 1.054 1.025 0.995 1.095 17 0.750 0.724 0.741 0.738 0.733 0.725 18 0.439 0.667 0.359 0.377 0.344 0.531 19 0.505 0.767 0.411 0.435 0.394 0.609 20 0.073 0.124 0.060 0.063 0.059 0.088 21 93.74 89.86 86.98 117.27 150.68 161.65 22 4593.00 4315.50 4020.50 4154.00 4851.50 3750.00 23 33.42 33.98 33.12 32.64 33.55 33.27 24 17.33 20.51 25.36 28.41 23.16 38.80 25 76.23 57.85 69.98 67.30 72.90 83.58 26 20.88 17.83 20.70 20.43 20.11 24.13 27 14.83 17.50 23.67 19.00 16.45 20.60 28 17.23 17.88 17.12 17.53 18.63 19.87 29 22.47 21.23 19.85 21.29 23.58 21.37 30 14.67 15.61 14.39 14.06 14.61 14.00 31 261.94 268.88 272.71 262.50 266.33 279.14 32 6.28 7.04 7.20 7.34 6.94 7.27 33 59.99 56.76 65.70 57.94 60.31 57.71 34 738.37 692.23 619.79 729.23 794.64 847.52 35 1.474 1.663 1.477 1.314 1.476 1.715 36 6.48 9.01 10.69 10.38 8.49 12.29 37 19.12 16.74 15.96 17.31 18.19 17.77 38 12.77 13.52 13.08 13.43 13.21 14.72 39 0.844 0.860 0.940 0.762 0.964 0.967 40 2.475 2.350 2.595 2.406 2.699 2.721 Table 108.

Tables 109 and 110 hereinbelow provide the correlations (R) between the expression levels of yield improving genes and their homologs in various tissues [Expression (Exp) sets, Tables 102-103] and the phenotypic performance [yield, biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components described in Tables 105-108 using the Correlation vector (Corr.) described in Table 104] under normal conditions (Table 109) and defoliation treatment (Table 110) across maize varieties. P=p value.

TABLE 109 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across maize varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY104 0.86 3.65E−04 3 46 LBY104 0.70 1.62E−02 2 46 LBY104 0.76 2.78E−03 1 13 LBY105 0.81 1.39E−03 3 46 LBY105 0.74 6.40E−03 3 10 LBY107 0.71 1.34E−02 2 26 LBY109 0.75 5.28E−03 3 23 LBY111 0.70 1.11E−02 3 46 LBY114 0.70 1.59E−02 2 9 LBY115 0.74 3.61E−03 1 39 LBY115 0.73 4.23E−03 1 40 LBY116 0.84 7.06E−04 3 23 LBY116 0.76 4.45E−03 3 25 LBY116 0.75 7.63E−03 2 35 LBY118 0.83 1.57E−03 2 1 LBY120 0.73 1.12E−02 3 14 LBY120 0.89 2.52E−04 2 37 LBY120 0.73 1.09E−02 2 31 LBY120 0.91 9.25E−05 2 30 LBY120 0.74 9.23E−03 2 38 LBY121 0.74 3.50E−03 1 33 LBY121 0.84 2.95E−04 1 39 LBY121 0.74 3.63E−03 1 40 LBY121 0.76 2.73E−03 1 50 LBY122 0.71 1.03E−02 3 10 LBY122 0.76 2.69E−03 1 23 LBY123 0.74 6.00E−03 3 18 LBY233 0.73 1.08E−02 2 37 LBY233 0.82 3.90E−03 2 8 LBY5 0.70 1.05E−02 3 2 LBY5 0.81 7.49E−04 1 42 LBY5 0.73 4.29E−03 1 11 LBY6 0.86 6.98E−04 2 43 LBY6 0.73 1.12E−02 2 27 LBY6 0.71 6.91E−03 1 48 LGN24 0.70 1.11E−02 3 6 LGN24 0.71 6.18E−03 1 33 LGN24 0.74 4.09E−03 1 48 LGN26 0.78 2.49E−03 3 15 LGN26 0.77 3.48E−03 3 16 LGN26 0.78 3.07E−03 3 25 LGN26 0.76 3.86E−03 3 10 LGN33 0.80 1.90E−03 3 26 LGN35 0.72 8.40E−03 3 40 LGN35 0.73 6.49E−03 3 10 LGN35 0.71 1.01E−02 3 28 LGN35 0.70 1.64E−02 2 31 LGN36 0.74 5.86E−03 3 42 LGN36 0.70 1.07E−02 3 19 LGN36 0.71 9.84E−03 3 11 LGN36 0.70 1.05E−02 3 20 LGN36 0.70 1.07E−02 3 21 LGN39 0.76 3.77E−03 3 45 LGN39 0.71 1.38E−02 2 28 LGN49 0.71 1.34E−02 2 18 LGN49 0.73 1.71E−02 2 8 LGN62 0.75 8.49E−03 2 28 Table 109: Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 104. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 102. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 110 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under defoliation treatment across maize varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY103 0.79 2.17E−03 1 30 LBY105 0.73 6.78E−03 3 33 LBY105 0.70 1.08E−02 1 34 LBY105 0.72 8.24E−03 1 29 LBY105 0.80 1.73E−03 1 27 LBY107 0.77 3.31E−03 1 31 LBY107 0.81 1.30E−03 1 5 LBY107 0.74 6.04E−03 1 18 LBY107 0.81 1.36E−03 1 7 LBY107 0.72 8.14E−03 1 10 LBY107 0.75 5.02E−03 1 19 LBY107 0.72 8.33E−03 2 23 LBY108 0.73 6.71E−03 3 1 LBY108 0.76 3.96E−03 1 2 LBY108 0.72 7.93E−03 1 9 LBY109 0.72 8.23E−03 2 38 LBY109 0.84 5.43E−04 2 28 LBY110 0.72 8.37E−03 1 29 LBY111 0.78 3.02E−03 1 27 LBY111 0.88 1.90E−04 2 12 LBY112 0.79 2.05E−03 1 21 LBY115 0.81 1.54E−03 1 2 LBY116 0.77 3.37E−03 1 9 LBY116 0.71 1.02E−02 2 28 LBY121 0.76 3.90E−03 3 37 LBY121 0.72 7.83E−03 3 17 LBY121 0.72 8.01E−03 3 9 LBY122 0.72 7.74E−03 1 27 LBY13 0.71 9.28E−03 1 39 LBY13 0.74 5.59E−03 1 27 LBY233 0.72 8.71E−03 3 33 LBY233 0.74 5.79E−03 2 21 LBY233 0.76 3.87E−03 2 31 LBY233 0.74 5.61E−03 2 5 LBY233 0.83 9.17E−04 2 34 LBY233 0.79 2.10E−03 2 25 LBY233 0.75 4.83E−03 2 9 LBY233 0.76 4.36E−03 2 7 LBY5 0.71 9.09E−03 1 32 LBY5 0.81 1.30E−03 2 12 LBY6 0.72 8.87E−03 1 11 LBY6 0.76 4.09E−03 1 18 LBY6 0.76 3.94E−03 1 19 LBY6 0.83 8.60E−04 1 20 LGN18 0.72 8.27E−03 2 30 LGN20 0.75 5.28E−03 3 29 LGN24 0.79 2.28E−03 3 4 LGN24 0.79 2.05E−03 3 3 LGN24 0.85 5.35E−04 3 8 LGN24 0.77 3.46E−03 1 11 LGN24 0.79 2.23E−03 1 18 LGN24 0.71 9.31E−03 1 10 LGN24 0.79 2.00E−03 1 19 LGN24 0.80 1.79E−03 1 20 LGN26 0.72 8.76E−03 3 1 LGN26 0.71 9.06E−03 1 18 LGN26 0.70 1.06E−02 1 19 LGN26 0.78 2.98E−03 1 20 LGN26 0.76 3.82E−03 2 4 LGN26 0.73 7.13E−03 2 13 LGN26 0.76 3.75E−03 2 6 LGN26 0.72 7.74E−03 2 18 LGN26 0.75 5.01E−03 2 3 LGN26 0.72 7.71E−03 2 19 LGN26 0.84 6.89E−04 2 20 LGN33 0.71 1.03E−02 3 1 LGN34 0.81 1.38E−03 1 15 LGN34 0.79 2.21E−03 1 17 LGN39 0.76 4.26E−03 3 37 LGN39 0.74 5.82E−03 1 30 LGN39 0.82 1.06E−03 2 21 LGN49 0.85 4.62E−04 3 29 LGN49 0.72 7.97E−03 1 15 LGN49 0.78 2.67E−03 1 17 Table 110: Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 104. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 103. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 13 Production of Maize Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield and NUE Related Parameters Using 60K Maize Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a maize oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60,000 maize genes and transcripts.

Correlation of Maize Hybrids Across Ecotypes Grown Under Low Nitrogen Conditions

Experimental Procedures

12 Maize hybrids were grown in 3 repetitive plots in field. Maize seeds were planted and plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols, which included 485 m³ water per dunam per entire growth period and fertilization of 30 units of nitrogen (using URAN® 21% fertilization) per dunam per entire growth period (normal conditions) or under low nitrogen conditions which included 50% percent less Nitrogen as compared to the amount of nitrogen provided under the normal conditions. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with NUE and yield components or vigor related parameters the 12 different maize hybrids were analyzed. Among them, 11 hybrids encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Analyzed Maize tissues—All 10 selected maize hybrids were sampled per each treatment (low N and normal conditions), in three time points (TP2=V6-V8 (six to eight collar leaf are visible, rapid growth phase and kernel row determination begins), TP5=R1-R2 (silking-blister), TP6=R3-R4 (milk-dough). Four types of plant tissues [Ear, “flag leaf” indicated in Table as “leaf”, grain distal part, and internode] were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 111-112 below.

TABLE 111 Maize transcriptome expression sets under low nitrogen conditions Expression Set Set ID Ear under low nitrogen conditions at reproductive stage: R1-R2 1 Ear under low nitrogen conditions at reproductive stage: R3-R4 2 Internode under low nitrogen conditions at 3 vegetative stage: V6-V8 Internode under low nitrogen conditions 4 at reproductive stage: R1-R2 Internode under low nitrogen conditions at 5 reproductive stage: R3-R4 Leaf under low nitrogen conditions at vegetative stage: V6-V8 6 Leaf under low nitrogen conditions at reproductive stage: R1-R2 7 Leaf under low nitrogen conditions at reproductive stage: R3-R4 8 Table 111: Provided are the maize transcriptome expression sets under low nitrogen conditions Leaf = the leaf below the main ear; Flower meristem = Apical meristem following male flower initiation; Ear = the female flower at the anthesis day. Grain Distal = maize developing grains from the cob extreme area, Grain Basal = maize developing grains from the cob basal area; Internodes = internodes located above and below the main ear in the plant.

TABLE 112 Maize transcriptome expression sets under normal growth conditions Expression Set Set ID Ear at R1-R2 stage under normal conditions 1 Grain distal at R4-R5 stage under normal conditions 2 Internode at R3-R4 stage under normal conditions 3 Leaf at R1-R2 stage under normal conditions 4 Ear at R3-R4 stage under normal conditions 5 Internode at R1-R2 stage under normal conditions 6 Internode at V6-V8 stage under normal conditions 7 Leaf at V6-V8 stage under normal conditions 8 Table 112: Provided are the maize transcriptome expression sets under normal growth conditions. Leaf = the leaf below the main ear; Flower meristem = Apical meristem following male flower initiation; Ear = the female flower at the anthesis day. Grain Distal = maize developing grains from the cob extreme area, Grain Basal = maize developing grains from the cob basal area; Internodes = internodes located above and below the main ear in the plant.

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

Grain Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Length and Grain width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths/or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Ear Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 5 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of Ears.

Ear Length and Ear Width (cm)—At the end of the growing period 5 ears were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The Ear length and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ears.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 6 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

Normalized Grain Weight per plant (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all ears from plots within blocks A-C were collected. Six ears were separately threshed and grains were weighted, all additional ears were threshed together and weighted as well. The average grain weight per ear was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by number of total ears per plot (based on plot). In case of 6 ears, the total grains weight of 6 ears was divided by 6.

Ear FW (gr.)—At the end of the experiment (when ears were harvested) total and 6 selected ears per plots within blocks A-C were collected separately. The plants (total and 6) were weighted (gr.) separately and the average ear per plant was calculated for total (Ear FW per plot) and for 6 (Ear FW per plant).

Plant height and Ear height—Plants were characterized for height at harvesting. In each measure, 6 plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the plant below the tassel. Ear height was measured from the ground level to the place were the main ear is located.

Leaf number per plant—Plants were characterized for leaf number during growing period at 5 time points. In each measure, plants were measured for their leaf number by counting all the leaves of 3 selected plants per plot.

Relative Growth Rate was calculated using Formulas II-XIII, XXVIII, and/or XXXIV (described above).

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at early stages of grain filling (R1-R2) and late stage of grain filling (R3-R4). SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot. Data were taken after 46 and 54 days after sowing (DPS).

Dry weight per plant—At the end of the experiment (when inflorescence were dry) all vegetative material from plots within blocks A-C were collected.

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours.

Harvest Index (HI) (Maize)—The harvest index per plant was calculated using Formula XVII above.

Percent Filled Ear [%]—The percent of filled ear was calculated as the percentage of the Ear area with grains out of the total ear.

Cob diameter [cm]—The diameter of the cob without grains was measured using a ruler.

Kernel Row Number per Ear—The number of rows in each ear was counted.

Experimental Results

11 different maize hybrids were grown and characterized for different parameters. Tables 111-112 describe the Maize expression sets, and Tables 113-114 below describe the Maize correlated parameters. The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 115-118) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 119-120). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 113 Maize correlated parameters (vectors) under low nitrogen conditions Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Ear Length under Low N conditions [cm] 1 Ear Length of filled area under Low N conditions [cm] 2 Ear width under Low N conditions [mm] 3 Final Leaf Number under Low N conditions [num] 4 Final Main Ear Height under Low N conditions [cm] 5 Final Plant Height under Low N conditions [cm] 6 No of rows per ear under Low N conditions [num] 7 SPAD at R1-R2 under Low N conditions [SPAD unit] 8 SPAD at R3-R4 under Low N conditions [SPAD unit] 9 Stalk width at TP5 under Low N conditions [mm] 10 Ears weight per plot under Low N conditions [kg] 11 Final Plant DW under Low N conditions [kg] 12 NUE yield/N applied in soil under Low N conditions [ratio] 13 NUE at early grain filling (R1-R2) yield [kg]/N in plant per 14 SPAD under Low N conditions NUE at grain filling (R3-R4) yield [kg]/N in plant per SPAD 15 under Low N conditions NUpE under Low N conditions [biomass/N applied] 16 Seed yield per dunam under Low N conditions [kg] 17 Yield/LAI under Low N conditions [ratio] 18 Yield/stalk width under Low N conditions [ratio] 19 seed yield per plant under Low N conditions [kg] 20 Table 113. “cm” = centimeters' “mm” = millimeters; “kg” = kilograms; SPAD at R1-R2 and SPAD R3-R4: Chlorophyll level after early and late stages of grain filling; “NUE” = nitrogen use efficiency; “NUpE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “LAI” = leaf area index; “N” = nitrogen; Low N = under low Nitrogen conditions; “dunam” = 1000 m².

TABLE 114 Maize correlated parameters (vectors) under normal conditions Correlated parameter with Corr. ID Final Plant DW under Normal conditions [kg] 1 Ear Length under Normal conditions [cm] 2 Ear Length of filled area under Normal conditions [cm] 3 Ear width under Normal conditions [mm] 4 Final Leaf Number under Normal conditions [num] 5 Final Main Ear Height under Normal conditions [cm] 6 Final Plant Height under Normal conditions [cm] 7 No of rows per ear under Normal conditions [num] 8 SPAD at R1-R2 under Normal conditions [SPAD unit] 9 SPAD at R3-R4 under Normal conditions [SPAD unit] 10 Stalk width at TP5 under Normal conditions [cm] 11 Ears weight per plot under Normal conditions [kg] 12 NUE yield/N applied in soil under Normal conditions [ratio] 13 NUE at early grain filling [R1-R2] yield [kg]/N in plant 14 per SPAD under Normal conditions [ratio] NUE at grain filling [R3-R4] yield [kg]/N in plant per 15 SPAD under Normal conditions [ratio] NUpE under Normal conditions [biomass/N applied] 16 Seed yield per dunam [kg]under Normal conditions [kg] 17 Yield/LAI under Normal conditions [ratio] 18 Yield/stalk width under Normal conditions [ratio] 19 Seed yield per plant under Normal conditions [kg] 20 Table 114. “cm” = centimeters' “mm” = millimeters; “kg” = kilograms; SPAD at R1-R2 and SPAD R3-R4: Chlorophyll level after early and late stages of grain filling; “NUE” = nitrogen use efficiency; “NUpE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “LAI” = leaf area index; “N” = nitrogen; “Normal” = under normal conditions; “dunam” = 1000 m².

TABLE 115 Measured parameters in Maize accessions under Low nitrogen conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Line-1 20.614 18.398 46.713 15.024 158.076 305.836 14.181 60.236 59.286 2.764 Line-2 20.976 18.417 48.222 11.643 136.238 270.929 15.214 57.938 57.621 2.419 Line-3 20.222 19.778 48.323 13.500 128.389 290.611 15.000 58.761 58.400 2.650 Line-4 20.111 18.833 49.863 11.611 133.056 252.167 15.667 59.478 59.189 2.767 Line-5 20.111 16.222 52.873 11.833 137.833 260.222 16.000 58.500 58.194 2.672 Line-6 18.500 16.000 47.436 11.889 99.556 227.222 15.944 64.039 62.667 2.594 Line-7 19.056 15.278 49.609 12.556 130.167 271.722 15.556 56.422 61.044 2.983 Line-8 18.250 15.694 48.567 11.667 114.611 248.611 14.500 60.000 59.867 2.611 Line-9 20.095 16.771 52.406 12.443 143.862 279.329 16.410 58.317 57.467 2.650 Line-10 17.806 14.056 42.634 9.278 61.611 171.278 14.367 53.061 49.611 2.278 Line-11 21.250 19.556 50.003 13.167 114.444 269.778 15.744 61.717 61.867 2.817 Table 115. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in maize accessions (line) under low nitrogen growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 116 Additional parameters in Maize accessions under Low nitrogen conditions Line/ Corr. ID 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 18 Line-1 6.605 1.593 7.225 18.023 18.352 0.0106 1083.749 416.532 0.135 341.501 Line-2 7.974 1.429 8.411 21.787 21.919 0.0095 1261.635 528.383 0.158 408.093 Line-3 9.634 1.533 10.328 26.335 26.479 0.0102 1549.245 583.458 0.194 464.768 Line-4 9.222 1.950 9.986 25.144 25.333 0.0130 1497.865 541.017 0.187 522.258 Line-5 7.630 1.483 7.626 19.547 19.685 0.0099 1143.850 428.089 0.143 439.525 Line-6 7.215 1.600 7.728 18.049 18.541 0.0107 1159.260 444.294 0.145 312.581 Line-7 7.917 1.583 8.049 21.388 19.785 0.0106 1207.424 407.200 0.151 345.901 Line-8 28.961 1.283 8.334 20.788 20.917 0.0086 1250.052 477.438 0.156 287.735 Line-9 7.797 1.514 7.640 19.676 19.935 0.0101 1146.036 445.604 0.143 Line-10 2.410 0.433 2.555 7.213 7.722 0.0029 383.219 167.902 0.048 Line-11 9.775 1.517 10.599 25.702 25.902 0.0101 1589.914 562.294 0.199 501.239 Table 116. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in maize accessions (line) under low nitrogen growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 117 Measured parameters in Maize accessions under normal growth conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Line-1 1.267 19.944 16.233 51.075 11.800 130.311 273.456 16.111 56.889 59.933 Line-2 1.300 20.167 17.500 46.290 11.111 122.333 260.500 14.667 57.161 60.900 Line-3 1.333 18.111 17.722 45.919 13.278 127.667 288.000 15.444 59.272 56.892 Line-4 1.500 19.889 18.444 47.632 11.778 113.022 238.500 15.889 61.611 58.700 Line-5 1.300 19.500 15.667 51.407 11.944 135.278 286.944 16.167 58.628 58.700 Line-6 1.583 17.722 14.667 47.420 12.333 94.278 224.833 15.167 61.228 63.158 Line-7 1.417 17.667 12.944 47.253 12.444 120.944 264.444 16.000 60.167 59.750 Line-8 1.367 17.278 14.028 46.846 12.222 107.722 251.611 14.833 61.089 62.350 Line-9 11.383 20.500 18.778 49.275 12.556 112.500 278.444 15.389 62.200 61.925 Line-10 1.700 17.500 12.333 48.283 11.667 139.667 279.000 17.667 57.506 57.225 Line-11 0.417 19.856 16.067 41.837 9.278 60.444 163.778 14.267 52.044 49.342 Table 117. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in maize accessions (line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 118 Additional measured parameters in Maize accessions under normal growth conditions Line/ Corr. ID 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 18 Line-1 2.911 8.943 4.452 23.431 24.978 0.0084 1335.625 456.707 0.167 426.086 Line-2 2.644 7.023 3.624 19.052 17.807 0.0087 1087.058 412.443 0.136 312.975 Line-3 2.711 7.533 4.008 20.293 20.332 0.0089 1202.532 443.368 0.150 307.277 Line-4 2.900 7.991 4.237 20.719 19.957 0.0100 1271.204 438.705 0.159 362.442 Line-5 2.700 8.483 4.010 20.486 19.026 0.0087 1202.966 446.659 0.150 314.138 Line-6 2.622 5.632 3.124 15.360 13.904 0.0106  937.083 356.950 0.117 224.582 Line-7 2.922 6.100 3.286 16.383 16.234 0.0094  985.893 337.486 0.123 266.437 Line-8 2.722 6.659 3.500 17.191 17.214 0.0091 1050.131 385.790 0.131 261.664 Line-9 2.844 8.402 4.551 21.955 21.017 0.0759 1365.293 481.942 0.171 482.329 Line-10 2.656 8.215 4.087 20.994 21.529 0.0038 1226.077 471.568 0.153 Line-11 2.256 1.879 1.003  5.725  5.519 0.0028  300.928 139.728 0.038 Table 118. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in maize accessions (line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 119 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen conditions across maize accession Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY103 0.77 1.56E−02 5 10 LBY103 0.80 9.38E−03 5 16 LBY103 0.92 4.29E−04 5 9 LBY103 0.71 3.27E−02 5 3 LBY103 0.80 9.37E−03 5 8 LBY103 0.80 9.38E−03 5 12 LBY103 0.85 3.33E−02 6 5 LBY103 0.72 1.03E−01 6 6 LBY103 0.71 2.18E−02 3 17 LBY103 0.71 2.18E−02 3 13 LBY103 0.71 2.18E−02 3 20 LBY103 0.87 1.02E−02 8 18 LBY103 0.74 3.46E−02 8 2 LBY103 0.70 5.20E−02 8 1 LBY103 0.73 3.86E−02 2 10 LBY103 0.72 4.41E−02 2 9 LBY103 0.75 3.05E−02 2 3 LBY103 0.84 9.84E−03 2 11 LBY103 0.74 5.68E−02 4 11 LBY104 0.96 5.49E−04 1 10 LBY104 0.71 7.37E−02 1 16 LBY104 0.83 2.05E−02 1 9 LBY104 0.88 9.55E−03 1 3 LBY104 0.75 5.31E−02 1 5 LBY104 0.74 5.97E−02 1 11 LBY104 0.71 7.11E−02 1 6 LBY104 0.71 7.37E−02 1 12 LBY104 0.96 2.61E−03 6 5 LBY104 0.90 1.48E−02 6 6 LBY104 0.72 6.67E−02 4 5 LBY104 0.87 1.02E−02 4 8 LBY104 0.85 1.60E−02 4 7 LBY105 0.81 2.73E−02 1 17 LBY105 0.70 7.80E−02 1 16 LBY105 0.77 4.13E−02 1 5 LBY105 0.81 2.73E−02 1 13 LBY105 0.90 6.26E−03 1 19 LBY105 0.78 3.75E−02 1 6 LBY105 0.82 2.43E−02 1 14 LBY105 0.70 7.80E−02 1 12 LBY105 0.74 9.58E−02 1 18 LBY105 0.97 3.17E−04 1 2 LBY105 0.91 4.16E−03 1 1 LBY105 0.81 2.73E−02 1 20 LBY105 0.86 1.40E−02 1 15 LBY105 0.72 2.97E−02 5 4 LBY105 0.91 1.29E−02 6 5 LBY105 0.81 5.33E−02 6 6 LBY105 0.73 1.58E−02 3 10 LBY105 0.81 1.38E−02 8 16 LBY105 0.83 1.11E−02 8 9 LBY105 0.86 5.96E−03 8 5 LBY105 0.80 1.70E−02 8 8 LBY105 0.74 3.71E−02 8 7 LBY105 0.81 1.52E−02 8 6 LBY105 0.81 1.38E−02 8 12 LBY105 0.74 5.58E−02 8 18 LBY105 0.89 3.15E−03 7 17 LBY105 0.75 3.33E−02 7 9 LBY105 0.94 5.63E−04 7 4 LBY105 0.76 2.87E−02 7 3 LBY105 0.89 3.15E−03 7 13 LBY105 0.84 9.72E−03 7 19 LBY105 0.78 2.14E−02 7 6 LBY105 0.86 6.76E−03 7 14 LBY105 0.75 3.16E−02 7 2 LBY105 0.89 3.15E−03 7 20 LBY105 0.86 5.79E−03 7 15 LBY105 0.70 7.97E−02 4 16 LBY105 0.81 2.78E−02 4 5 LBY105 0.93 2.02E−03 4 6 LBY105 0.79 3.36E−02 4 14 LBY105 0.70 7.97E−02 4 12 LBY106 0.96 5.18E−04 8 18 LBY106 0.76 2.73E−02 8 2 LBY107 0.73 1.02E−01 6 17 LBY107 0.72 1.08E−01 6 4 LBY107 0.76 8.05E−02 6 3 LBY107 0.85 3.20E−02 6 8 LBY107 0.71 1.15E−01 6 7 LBY107 0.73 1.02E−01 6 13 LBY107 0.73 1.02E−01 6 20 LBY107 0.75 3.21E−02 8 17 LBY107 0.80 1.62E−02 8 9 LBY107 0.78 2.29E−02 8 3 LBY107 0.70 5.31E−02 8 7 LBY107 0.75 3.21E−02 8 13 LBY107 0.73 4.08E−02 8 14 LBY107 0.75 3.21E−02 8 20 LBY107 0.73 3.98E−02 7 17 LBY107 0.77 2.47E−02 7 4 LBY107 0.79 1.84E−02 7 8 LBY107 0.73 3.98E−02 7 13 LBY107 0.74 3.57E−02 7 19 LBY107 0.81 1.39E−02 7 2 LBY107 0.89 3.43E−03 7 1 LBY107 0.73 3.98E−02 7 20 LBY107 0.70 5.13E−02 7 15 LBY107 0.80 1.78E−02 2 9 LBY107 0.74 5.79E−02 4 9 LBY107 0.73 6.09E−02 4 4 LBY107 0.81 2.70E−02 4 7 LBY108 0.80 2.97E−02 4 4 LBY108 0.92 3.40E−03 4 6 LBY109 0.70 7.92E−02 1 8 LBY109 0.83 1.97E−02 1 11 LBY109 0.74 5.94E−02 4 6 LBY110 0.77 4.48E−02 1 8 LBY110 0.73 1.62E−02 3 8 LBY110 0.72 4.38E−02 7 11 LBY110 0.79 1.95E−02 2 9 LBY110 0.86 6.62E−03 2 8 LBY110 0.74 5.53E−02 4 9 LBY111 0.87 2.44E−02 1 18 LBY111 0.71 1.16E−01 6 10 LBY111 0.78 6.66E−02 6 5 LBY111 0.72 1.08E−01 6 6 LBY111 0.74 3.55E−02 8 1 LBY111 0.75 3.35E−02 2 8 LBY112 0.70 7.69E−02 1 9 LBY112 0.81 2.70E−02 1 3 LBY112 0.82 2.35E−02 1 5 LBY112 0.77 4.24E−02 1 6 LBY112 0.70 1.19E−01 6 3 LBY113 0.88 8.41E−03 1 10 LBY114 0.73 9.84E−02 1 18 LBY114 0.76 4.76E−02 1 1 LBY114 0.75 2.08E−02 5 10 LBY114 0.76 1.64E−02 5 16 LBY114 0.77 1.55E−02 5 4 LBY114 0.71 3.18E−02 5 6 LBY114 0.76 1.64E−02 5 12 LBY114 0.76 1.65E−02 5 2 LBY114 0.70 3.57E−02 5 1 LBY114 0.83 4.29E−02 6 5 LBY114 0.73 9.64E−02 6 6 LBY114 0.74 3.48E−02 8 10 LBY114 0.82 2.37E−02 4 5 LBY116 0.79 6.12E−02 6 5 LBY116 0.75 5.31E−02 8 18 LBY116 0.88 9.23E−03 4 17 LBY116 0.80 2.97E−02 4 3 LBY116 0.88 9.84E−03 4 5 LBY116 0.88 9.23E−03 4 13 LBY116 0.75 5.01E−02 4 6 LBY116 0.90 5.51E−03 4 14 LBY116 0.86 1.23E−02 4 18 LBY116 0.88 9.23E−03 4 20 LBY116 0.84 1.71E−02 4 15 LBY117 0.77 4.09E−02 1 10 LBY117 0.90 6.40E−03 1 11 LBY117 0.81 8.68E−03 5 17 LBY117 0.81 7.98E−03 5 10 LBY117 0.75 2.07E−02 5 16 LBY117 0.78 1.35E−02 5 3 LBY117 0.81 8.68E−03 5 13 LBY117 0.79 1.05E−02 5 14 LBY117 0.75 2.07E−02 5 12 LBY117 0.71 4.81E−02 5 18 LBY117 0.81 8.68E−03 5 20 LBY117 0.78 1.33E−02 5 15 LBY118 0.81 2.74E−02 1 10 LBY118 0.71 7.65E−02 1 5 LBY118 0.83 4.19E−02 6 1 LBY119 0.81 2.69E−02 1 10 LBY119 0.75 5.24E−02 1 16 LBY119 0.80 3.20E−02 1 9 LBY119 0.71 7.15E−02 1 4 LBY119 0.80 3.12E−02 1 3 LBY119 0.75 5.46E−02 1 5 LBY119 0.74 5.86E−02 1 7 LBY119 0.72 6.95E−02 1 6 LBY119 0.75 5.24E−02 1 12 LBY120 0.85 1.55E−02 1 11 LBY120 0.86 2.91E−02 6 5 LBY120 0.78 2.33E−02 8 5 LBY120 0.84 1.89E−02 7 18 LBY120 0.87 1.08E−02 4 8 LBY121 0.93 2.68E−03 1 17 LBY121 0.89 7.74E−03 1 16 LBY121 0.74 5.51E−02 1 9 LBY121 0.78 3.72E−02 1 4 LBY121 0.84 1.89E−02 1 3 LBY121 0.78 3.83E−02 1 5 LBY121 0.71 7.14E−02 1 7 LBY121 0.93 2.68E−03 1 13 LBY121 0.85 1.44E−02 1 19 LBY121 0.71 7.49E−02 1 6 LBY121 0.90 6.39E−03 1 14 LBY121 0.89 7.74E−03 1 12 LBY121 0.70 7.74E−02 1 2 LBY121 0.87 1.15E−02 1 1 LBY121 0.93 2.68E−03 1 20 LBY121 0.91 5.00E−03 1 15 LBY121 0.74 2.32E−02 5 4 LBY121 0.72 1.04E−01 6 10 LBY121 0.90 1.55E−02 6 5 LBY121 0.86 2.81E−02 6 6 LBY121 0.70 5.28E−02 7 11 LBY121 0.70 5.29E−02 2 9 LBY121 0.75 5.30E−02 4 9 LBY121 0.72 6.88E−02 4 5 LBY122 0.90 1.39E−02 1 18 LBY122 0.78 3.69E−02 1 2 LBY122 0.78 3.81E−02 1 1 LBY122 0.72 4.41E−02 8 6 LBY123 0.74 5.70E−02 1 17 LBY123 0.76 4.76E−02 1 4 LBY123 0.80 3.26E−02 1 5 LBY123 0.74 5.70E−02 1 13 LBY123 0.83 2.16E−02 1 19 LBY123 0.84 1.74E−02 1 6 LBY123 0.77 4.33E−02 1 14 LBY123 0.70 1.20E−01 1 18 LBY123 0.73 6.17E−02 1 2 LBY123 0.80 3.01E−02 1 1 LBY123 0.74 5.70E−02 1 20 LBY123 0.74 5.67E−02 1 15 LBY123 0.79 3.33E−02 4 6 LBY13 0.70 7.91E−02 1 10 LBY13 0.72 6.86E−02 1 3 LBY13 0.75 5.46E−02 1 5 LBY13 0.84 4.63E−03 5 16 LBY13 0.80 9.98E−03 5 5 LBY13 0.84 4.63E−03 5 12 LBY13 0.80 5.81E−02 6 5 LBY13 0.77 2.51E−02 8 16 LBY13 0.78 2.36E−02 8 5 LBY13 0.77 2.51E−02 8 12 LBY13 0.71 4.65E−02 2 16 LBY13 0.71 4.65E−02 2 12 LBY233 0.87 2.31E−02 6 4 LBY233 0.72 1.09E−01 6 6 LBY233 0.80 3.06E−02 2 18 LBY233 0.87 1.07E−02 4 9 LBY5 0.71 1.11E−01 1 18 LBY5 0.76 1.69E−02 5 10 LBY5 0.79 1.08E−02 5 3 LBY5 0.87 2.56E−02 6 10 LBY5 0.94 6.07E−03 6 3 LBY5 0.76 1.11E−02 3 10 LBY5 0.89 3.02E−03 8 16 LBY5 0.72 4.53E−02 8 5 LBY5 0.89 3.02E−03 8 12 LBY5 0.78 2.36E−02 7 16 LBY5 0.86 5.74E−03 7 9 LBY5 0.85 6.96E−03 7 8 LBY5 0.77 2.49E−02 7 7 LBY5 0.78 2.36E−02 7 12 LBY6 0.90 1.35E−02 6 9 LBY6 0.72 6.74E−02 8 18 LBY6 0.80 3.16E−02 2 18 LBY6 0.84 8.43E−03 2 2 LBY6 0.71 4.77E−02 2 1 LGN17 0.75 5.26E−02 1 4 LGN17 0.72 6.62E−02 1 19 LGN17 0.79 3.65E−02 1 2 LGN17 0.70 7.78E−02 1 15 LGN17 0.75 1.34E−02 3 5 LGN17 0.83 2.75E−03 3 1 LGN18 0.82 2.48E−02 1 8 LGN18 0.73 1.03E−01 6 17 LGN18 0.73 1.03E−01 6 13 LGN18 0.77 7.38E−02 6 18 LGN18 0.78 6.48E−02 6 1 LGN18 0.73 1.03E−01 6 20 LGN18 0.74 3.59E−02 8 11 LGN18 0.72 4.32E−02 7 4 LGN18 0.76 2.73E−02 7 2 LGN18 0.75 3.32E−02 7 1 LGN18 0.81 2.81E−02 4 11 LGN20 0.76 4.59E−02 1 5 LGN20 0.76 4.88E−02 1 19 LGN20 0.74 5.47E−02 1 2 LGN20 0.83 1.98E−02 1 1 LGN20 0.70 7.84E−02 1 15 LGN20 0.73 2.51E−02 5 11 LGN20 0.75 8.85E−02 6 1 LGN20 0.90 2.30E−03 8 4 LGN20 0.82 1.34E−02 8 5 LGN20 0.91 1.50E−03 8 6 LGN20 0.74 3.48E−02 7 17 LGN20 0.78 2.31E−02 7 3 LGN20 0.70 5.11E−02 7 5 LGN20 0.74 3.48E−02 7 13 LGN20 0.74 3.44E−02 7 19 LGN20 0.73 3.83E−02 7 14 LGN20 0.73 4.14E−02 7 2 LGN20 0.86 5.55E−03 7 1 LGN20 0.74 3.48E−02 7 20 LGN20 0.75 3.13E−02 7 15 LGN20 0.78 3.79E−02 4 3 LGN23 0.81 5.02E−02 6 16 LGN23 0.81 5.02E−02 6 12 LGN23 0.92 3.11E−03 8 18 LGN23 0.90 5.96E−03 7 18 LGN23 0.74 5.74E−02 4 7 LGN24 0.92 2.90E−03 4 5 LGN24 0.79 3.56E−02 4 6 LGN26 0.99 1.68E−04 1 18 LGN26 0.78 3.69E−02 4 17 LGN26 0.78 3.69E−02 4 13 LGN26 0.88 8.52E−03 4 19 LGN26 0.72 7.03E−02 4 6 LGN26 0.87 1.11E−02 4 14 LGN26 0.79 3.36E−02 4 18 LGN26 0.85 1.45E−02 4 2 LGN26 0.79 3.37E−02 4 1 LGN26 0.78 3.69E−02 4 20 LGN26 0.88 8.31E−03 4 15 LGN33 0.91 1.27E−02 6 5 LGN33 0.73 9.89E−02 6 6 LGN33 0.91 1.93E−03 8 5 LGN33 0.83 1.08E−02 8 6 LGN33 0.84 9.65E−03 7 5 LGN34 0.94 1.42E−03 1 17 LGN34 0.76 4.79E−02 1 10 LGN34 0.87 1.11E−02 1 16 LGN34 0.83 1.94E−02 1 9 LGN34 0.84 1.94E−02 1 4 LGN34 0.94 1.72E−03 1 3 LGN34 0.97 3.64E−04 1 5 LGN34 0.94 1.80E−03 1 8 LGN34 0.94 1.42E−03 1 13 LGN34 0.94 1.58E−03 1 19 LGN34 0.94 1.98E−03 1 6 LGN34 0.95 1.16E−03 1 14 LGN34 0.87 1.11E−02 1 12 LGN34 0.72 6.72E−02 1 2 LGN34 0.84 1.73E−02 1 1 LGN34 0.94 1.42E−03 1 20 LGN34 0.93 2.14E−03 1 15 LGN34 0.78 1.33E−02 5 16 LGN34 0.77 1.62E−02 5 9 LGN34 0.78 1.33E−02 5 12 LGN34 0.75 2.09E−02 5 1 LGN34 0.86 1.47E−03 3 17 LGN34 0.79 6.21E−03 3 16 LGN34 0.79 6.29E−03 3 9 LGN34 0.81 4.15E−03 3 8 LGN34 0.86 1.47E−03 3 13 LGN34 0.87 1.15E−03 3 19 LGN34 0.75 1.33E−02 3 11 LGN34 0.81 4.89E−03 3 14 LGN34 0.79 6.21E−03 3 12 LGN34 0.77 9.35E−03 3 2 LGN34 0.78 7.88E−03 3 1 LGN34 0.86 1.47E−03 3 20 LGN34 0.84 2.58E−03 3 15 LGN34 0.70 5.09E−02 8 11 LGN34 0.75 3.06E−02 7 8 LGN34 0.79 2.08E−02 7 7 LGN34 0.76 3.00E−02 7 2 LGN34 0.74 3.43E−02 7 1 LGN34 0.91 1.70E−03 2 10 LGN34 0.93 9.01E−04 2 16 LGN34 0.91 1.73E−03 2 9 LGN34 0.71 4.74E−02 2 4 LGN34 0.81 1.51E−02 2 3 LGN34 0.90 2.66E−03 2 5 LGN34 0.77 2.58E−02 2 6 LGN34 0.93 9.01E−04 2 12 LGN34 0.70 7.84E−02 4 17 LGN34 0.70 7.84E−02 4 13 LGN34 0.83 2.13E−02 4 19 LGN34 0.87 1.06E−02 4 2 LGN34 0.84 1.86E−02 4 1 LGN34 0.70 7.84E−02 4 20 LGN35 0.76 4.54E−02 1 11 LGN35 0.73 9.65E−02 6 10 LGN35 0.88 2.20E−02 6 3 LGN35 0.93 7.85E−03 6 5 LGN35 0.73 1.02E−01 6 6 LGN35 0.75 5.38E−02 4 5 LGN35 0.86 1.29E−02 4 1 LGN36 0.80 5.60E−02 6 17 LGN36 0.80 5.60E−02 6 13 LGN36 0.85 3.21E−02 6 19 LGN36 0.90 1.55E−02 6 6 LGN36 0.90 1.32E−02 6 14 LGN36 0.79 6.42E−02 6 18 LGN36 0.84 3.47E−02 6 2 LGN36 0.80 5.60E−02 6 20 LGN36 0.90 1.49E−02 6 15 LGN36 0.70 7.74E−02 4 4 LGN36 0.90 6.28E−03 4 8 LGN36 0.71 7.47E−02 4 6 LGN39 0.73 6.51E−02 1 19 LGN39 0.78 6.87E−02 1 18 LGN39 0.87 1.06E−02 1 2 LGN39 0.88 9.78E−03 1 1 LGN39 0.84 3.85E−02 6 19 LGN39 0.78 6.56E−02 6 18 LGN39 0.75 8.58E−02 6 2 LGN39 0.73 9.65E−02 6 1 LGN39 0.76 8.15E−02 6 15 LGN39 0.73 4.04E−02 8 4 LGN39 0.77 2.63E−02 7 11 LGN39 0.87 5.35E−03 2 10 LGN39 0.83 1.16E−02 2 16 LGN39 0.86 5.63E−03 2 5 LGN39 0.73 3.89E−02 2 6 LGN39 0.83 1.16E−02 2 12 LGN39 0.83 2.01E−02 4 5 LGN39 0.70 7.99E−02 4 19 LGN49 0.81 2.66E−02 1 17 LGN49 0.77 4.42E−02 1 10 LGN49 0.71 7.31E−02 1 16 LGN49 0.80 3.26E−02 1 4 LGN49 0.89 7.61E−03 1 3 LGN49 0.95 1.20E−03 1 5 LGN49 0.81 2.66E−02 1 13 LGN49 0.75 5.30E−02 1 19 LGN49 0.92 3.41E−03 1 6 LGN49 0.87 1.07E−02 1 14 LGN49 0.71 7.31E−02 1 12 LGN49 0.81 2.81E−02 1 1 LGN49 0.81 2.66E−02 1 20 LGN49 0.82 2.44E−02 1 15 LGN49 0.88 6.75E−04 3 10 LGN49 0.75 1.23E−02 3 16 LGN49 0.75 1.23E−02 3 12 LGN49 0.91 1.95E−03 7 11 LGN49 0.84 1.94E−02 4 11 LGN61 0.79 3.41E−02 1 4 LGN61 0.70 7.75E−02 1 6 LGN61 0.77 2.47E−02 2 16 LGN61 0.70 5.12E−02 2 4 LGN61 0.79 2.00E−02 2 5 LGN61 0.77 2.47E−02 2 12 Table 119. Correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen conditions. “Corr. ID” = correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters Table 113 above. “Exp. Set” = Expression set (According to Table 111). “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 120 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across maize accessions Gene P Exp. Corr. Gene P Exp. Corr. Name R value set Set ID Name R value set Set ID LBY103 0.75 3.25E-02 2 12 LBY103 0.88 3.76E−03 2 4 LBY104 0.86 1.35E−02 1 7 LBY104 0.77 4.18E−02 1 12 LBY104 0.71 7.30E−02 1 11 LBY104 0.73 6.09E−02 1 5 LBY104 0.80 3.01E−02 1 14 LBY104 0.76 4.77E−02 1 13 LBY104 0.78 3.95E−02 1 15 LBY104 0.90 5.25E−03 1 10 LBY104 0.90 5.22E−03 1 6 LBY104 0.76 4.77E−02 1 17 LBY104 0.76 4.77E−02 1 20 LBY104 0.79 3.53E−02 1 9 LBY104 0.82 2.51E−02 1 19 LBY104 0.80 5.74E−02 5 11 LBY104 0.80 5.36E−02 5 6 LBY104 0.93 7.49E−03 5 8 LBY104 0.72 4.61E−02 2 13 LBY104 0.72 4.61E−02 2 17 LBY104 0.72 4.61E−02 2 20 LBY104 0.71 4.78E−02 2 19 LBY104 0.85 3.11E−02 4 18 LBY104 0.81 1.52E−02 3 5 LBY104 0.74 9.02E−02 6 18 LBY105 0.75 5.16E−02 1 11 LBY105 0.73 6.14E−02 1 5 LBY105 0.80 3.00E−02 1 8 LBY105 0.71 7.13E−02 1 9 LBY105 0.95 4.44E−03 5 5 LBY105 0.86 5.88E−03 2 5 LBY105 0.71 4.69E−02 3 7 LBY105 0.84 1.88E−02 6 7 LBY105 0.71 7.13E−02 6 12 LBY105 0.77 4.35E−02 6 5 LBY105 0.75 5.00E−02 6 14 LBY105 0.71 7.46E−02 6 13 LBY105 0.77 4.48E−02 6 15 LBY105 0.86 1.39E−02 6 6 LBY105 0.71 7.46E−02 6 17 LBY105 0.71 7.46E−02 6 20 LBY105 0.74 5.63E−02 6 19 LBY105 0.70 3.50E−02 7 7 LBY105 0.80 9.87E−03 7 12 LBY105 0.72 2.83E−02 7 5 LBY105 0.81 8.79E−03 7 14 LBY105 0.75 2.05E−02 7 13 LBY105 0.87 2.08E−03 7 15 LBY105 0.72 2.72E−02 7 6 LBY105 0.75 2.05E−02 7 17 LBY105 0.75 2.05E−02 7 20 LBY105 0.72 2.78E−02 7 19 LBY105 0.79 1.06E−02 7 2 LBY106 0.86 2.92E−02 5 5 LBY106 0.72 1.07E−01 4 18 LBY107 0.88 1.98E−02 1 18 LBY107 0.86 2.81E−02 5 10 LBY107 0.92 8.90E−03 5 9 LBY107 0.72 1.99E−02 8 12 LBY107 0.75 1.23E−02 8 14 LBY107 0.76 1.11E−02 8 13 LBY107 0.76 1.11E−02 8 17 LBY107 0.76 1.11E−02 8 20 LBY107 0.75 1.25E−02 8 19 LBY107 0.94 1.42E−03 4 10 LBY107 0.72 4.29E−02 3 10 LBY107 0.71 7.42E−02 6 7 LBY107 0.77 4.20E−02 6 4 LBY107 0.81 2.80E−02 6 10 LBY107 0.75 5.42E−02 6 6 LBY107 0.74 5.66E−02 6 8 LBY107 0.71 7.22E−02 6 19 LBY108 0.85 3.24E−02 5 5 LBY108 0.92 1.42E−03 2 16 LBY108 0.92 1.42E−03 2 1 LBY109 0.85 3.02E−02 5 8 LBY109 0.72 4.52E−02 2 11 LBY110 0.78 6.65E−02 5 10 LBY110 0.71 4.64E−02 2 12 LBY110 0.93 8.42E−04 2 4 LBY110 0.78 3.86E−02 4 12 LBY110 0.75 5.19E−02 4 16 LBY110 0.85 1.62E−02 4 11 LBY110 0.75 5.06E−02 4 14 LBY110 0.80 3.23E−02 4 13 LBY110 0.78 3.75E−02 4 4 LBY110 0.76 4.88E−02 4 15 LBY110 0.80 3.23E−02 4 17 LBY110 0.77 4.13E−02 4 8 LBY110 0.80 3.23E−02 4 20 LBY110 0.75 5.19E−02 4 1 LBY110 0.73 6.05E−02 4 9 LBY110 0.89 1.79E−02 4 18 LBY110 0.74 5.65E−02 4 19 LBY110 0.78 1.38E−02 7 10 LBY111 0.86 2.79E−02 5 16 LBY111 0.86 2.79E−02 5 1 LBY111 0.90 1.32E−02 5 9 LBY111 0.74 5.85E−02 4 2 LBY112 0.76 4.86E−02 1 5 LBY112 0.73 6.41E−02 1 4 LBY112 0.87 1.08E−02 1 10 LBY112 0.71 7.51E−02 1 6 LBY112 0.78 3.70E−02 1 9 LBY112 0.73 6.40E−02 1 19 LBY112 0.74 9.50E−02 5 11 LBY112 0.83 4.09E−02 5 8 LBY112 0.72 4.34E−02 2 5 LBY112 0.78 3.91E−02 6 12 LBY112 0.77 4.31E−02 6 11 LBY112 0.80 3.20E−02 6 14 LBY112 0.79 3.46E−02 6 13 LBY112 0.71 7.54E−02 6 4 LBY112 0.75 5.11E−02 6 15 LBY112 0.79 3.46E−02 6 17 LBY112 0.85 1.59E−02 6 8 LBY112 0.79 3.46E−02 6 20 LBY112 0.78 3.83E−02 6 19 LBY113 0.85 1.51E−02 1 10 LBY113 0.83 4.24E−02 5 11 LBY113 0.95 3.52E−03 5 8 LBY113 0.81 1.48E−02 2 12 LBY113 0.92 1.08E−03 2 4 LBY113 0.72 4.45E−02 2 8 LBY114 0.91 1.16E−02 5 5 LBY114 0.83 1.15E−02 2 16 LBY114 0.83 1.15E−02 2 1 LBY114 0.72 6.98E−02 6 6 LBY115 0.91 1.29E−02 5 5 LBY115 0.71 4.64E−02 2 5 LBY116 0.93 7.12E−03 5 8 LBY116 0.75 3.34E−02 3 11 LBY116 0.82 2.24E−02 6 2 LBY117 0.86 1.34E−02 1 10 LBY117 0.80 5.39E−02 5 5 LBY117 0.86 2.87E−02 5 6 LBY117 0.79 6.30E−02 5 8 LBY117 0.75 3.07E−02 2 16 LBY117 0.75 3.07E−02 2 1 LBY117 0.71 4.98E−02 2 9 LBY118 0.72 7.00E−02 1 6 LBY118 0.70 1.18E−01 5 8 LBY118 0.72 4.54E−02 2 4 LBY119 0.73 6.00E−02 1 7 LBY119 0.76 4.66E−02 1 12 LBY119 0.77 4.14E−02 1 14 LBY119 0.76 4.94E−02 1 13 LBY119 0.78 4.01E−02 1 4 LBY119 0.73 6.08E−02 1 15 LBY119 0.93 2.78E−03 1 10 LBY119 0.79 3.44E−02 1 6 LBY119 0.76 4.94E−02 1 17 LBY119 0.76 4.94E−02 1 20 LBY119 0.72 6.77E−02 1 9 LBY119 0.80 3.17E−02 1 19 LBY119 0.73 9.89E−02 5 11 LBY119 0.83 4.24E−02 5 8 LBY121 0.80 2.99E−02 1 7 LBY121 0.86 1.28E−02 1 12 LBY121 0.89 7.02E−03 1 11 LBY121 0.71 7.45E−02 1 5 LBY121 0.85 1.66E−02 1 14 LBY121 0.86 1.39E−02 1 13 LBY121 0.87 1.14E−02 1 15 LBY121 0.78 3.74E−02 1 10 LBY121 0.84 1.67E−02 1 6 LBY121 0.86 1.39E−02 1 17 LBY121 0.86 1.38E−02 1 8 LBY121 0.86 1.39E−02 1 20 LBY121 0.73 9.72E−02 1 18 LBY121 0.81 2.66E−02 1 19 LBY121 0.76 7.70E−02 5 16 LBY121 0.71 1.15E−01 5 8 LBY121 0.76 7.70E−02 5 1 LBY121 0.97 1.37E−03 5 9 LBY121 0.91 1.69E−03 2 4 LBY121 0.82 2.53E−02 4 7 LBY121 0.74 5.68E−02 4 12 LBY121 0.73 6.20E−02 4 14 LBY121 0.71 7.30E−02 4 13 LBY121 0.76 4.68E−02 4 15 LBY121 0.77 4.09E−02 4 6 LBY121 0.71 7.30E−02 4 17 LBY121 0.71 7.30E−02 4 20 LBY121 0.73 6.27E−02 4 19 LBY122 0.71 1.10E−01 5 5 LBY123 0.73 6.37E−02 1 7 LBY123 0.71 7.26E−02 1 12 LBY123 0.80 3.01E−02 1 5 LBY123 0.73 6.44E−02 1 14 LBY123 0.73 6.01E−02 1 13 LBY123 0.74 5.82E−02 1 15 LBY123 0.73 6.34E−02 1 3 LBY123 0.73 6.01E−02 1 17 LBY123 0.77 4.40E−02 1 8 LBY123 0.73 6.01E−02 1 20 LBY123 0.72 6.63E−02 1 19 LBY123 0.75 3.09E−02 2 11 LBY123 0.85 7.42E−03 2 4 LBY123 0.75 3.14E−02 2 8 LBY123 0.99 6.95E−09 8 16 LBY123 0.99 6.95E−09 8 1 LBY123 0.72 3.03E−02 8 18 LBY123 0.90 5.18E−03 6 8 LBY123 0.81 7.80E−03 7 7 LBY123 0.73 2.45E−02 7 6 LBY123 0.71 3.19E−02 7 19 LBY13 0.75 8.76E−02 5 4 LBY13 0.72 4.33E−02 2 12 LBY13 0.80 1.67E−02 2 4 LBY13 0.71 4.95E−02 2 15 LBY13 0.76 3.03E−02 2 18 LBY233 0.78 6.46E−02 5 5 LBY5 0.75 5.37E−02 4 5 LBY6 0.71 7.39E−02 1 11 LBY6 0.71 7.28E−02 1 8 LBY6 0.81 1.49E−02 2 5 LBY6 0.95 9.24E−04 4 16 LBY6 0.95 9.24E−04 4 1 LBY6 0.83 4.31E−02 4 18 LBY6 0.89 6.72E−03 6 16 LBY6 0.89 6.72E−03 6 1 LBY6 0.85 3.03E−02 6 18 LGN17 0.71 2.02E−02 8 3 LGN17 0.74 1.35E−02 8 2 LGN17 0.75 3.12E−02 3 16 LGN17 0.75 3.12E−02 3 1 LGN17 0.73 6.02E−02 6 7 LGN17 0.70 7.71E−02 6 3 LGN17 0.74 5.73E−02 6 6 LGN20 0.70 1.19E−01 5 12 LGN20 0.71 1.17E−01 5 13 LGN20 0.83 3.97E−02 5 4 LGN20 0.71 1.17E−01 5 17 LGN20 0.71 1.17E−01 5 20 LGN20 0.81 5.18E−02 5 19 LGN20 0.81 1.48E−02 2 16 LGN20 0.70 5.09E−02 2 10 LGN20 0.81 1.48E−02 2 1 LGN20 0.73 4.01E−02 2 9 LGN20 0.73 6.45E−02 4 6 LGN20 0.76 2.94E−02 3 2 LGN20 0.84 1.85E−02 6 3 LGN20 0.79 6.32E−02 6 18 LGN20 0.79 3.44E−02 6 2 LGN20 0.79 1.07E−02 7 12 LGN20 0.76 1.66E−02 7 14 LGN20 0.71 3.15E−02 7 13 LGN20 0.79 1.10E−02 7 4 LGN20 0.81 7.58E−03 7 15 LGN20 0.72 2.79E−02 7 6 LGN20 0.71 3.15E−02 7 17 LGN20 0.71 3.15E−02 7 20 LGN23 0.76 7.90E−02 1 18 LGN23 0.70 7.80E−02 1 2 LGN23 0.95 4.30E−03 5 5 LGN24 0.77 7.61E−02 4 18 LGN26 0.87 5.49E−03 2 12 LGN26 0.79 1.99E−02 2 14 LGN26 0.78 2.28E−02 2 13 LGN26 0.90 2.39E−03 2 4 LGN26 0.78 2.33E−02 2 15 LGN26 0.70 5.20E−02 2 6 LGN26 0.78 2.28E−02 2 17 LGN26 0.83 1.00E−02 2 8 LGN26 0.78 2.28E−02 2 20 LGN26 0.76 2.73E−02 2 18 LGN26 0.86 1.21E−02 6 16 LGN26 0.86 1.21E−02 6 1 LGN26 0.80 5.36E−02 6 18 LGN33 0.83 1.06E−02 2 10 LGN33 0.72 6.57E−02 4 8 LGN34 0.93 2.19E−03 1 7 LGN34 0.93 2.40E−03 1 12 LGN34 0.87 1.19E−02 1 11 LGN34 0.93 2.53E−03 1 5 LGN34 0.95 1.28E−03 1 14 LGN34 0.94 1.59E−03 1 13 LGN34 0.93 2.60E−03 1 4 LGN34 0.94 1.80E−03 1 15 LGN34 0.87 1.11E−02 1 10 LGN34 0.90 5.48E−03 1 6 LGN34 0.94 1.59E−03 1 17 LGN34 0.78 4.07E−02 1 8 LGN34 0.94 1.59E−03 1 20 LGN34 0.90 5.43E−03 1 9 LGN34 0.96 7.23E−04 1 19 LGN34 0.72 4.41E−02 2 12 LGN34 0.97 5.99E−05 2 4 LGN34 0.93 2.18E−03 4 16 LGN34 0.93 2.18E−03 4 1 LGN34 0.76 7.81E−02 4 18 LGN34 0.75 3.27E−02 3 11 LGN34 0.79 1.88E−02 3 10 LGN34 0.92 3.33E−03 6 7 LGN34 0.92 3.51E−03 6 12 LGN34 0.83 2.22E−02 6 11 LGN34 0.82 2.33E−02 6 5 LGN34 0.93 2.12E−03 6 14 LGN34 0.92 3.53E−03 6 13 LGN34 0.86 1.40E−02 6 4 LGN34 0.91 4.76E−03 6 15 LGN34 0.84 1.71E−02 6 10 LGN34 0.92 3.31E−03 6 6 LGN34 0.92 3.53E−03 6 17 LGN34 0.80 3.26E−02 6 8 LGN34 0.92 3.53E−03 6 20 LGN34 0.78 3.69E−02 6 9 LGN34 0.95 1.07E−03 6 19 LGN34 0.82 6.64E−03 7 7 LGN34 0.89 1.15E−03 7 12 LGN34 0.84 4.23E−03 7 11 LGN34 0.75 1.87E−02 7 5 LGN34 0.89 1.31E−03 7 14 LGN34 0.90 1.00E−03 7 13 LGN34 0.82 6.32E−03 7 4 LGN34 0.86 3.21E−03 7 15 LGN34 0.80 9.97E−03 7 10 LGN34 0.75 2.00E−02 7 6 LGN34 0.90 1.00E−03 7 17 LGN34 0.90 1.00E−03 7 20 LGN34 0.73 2.62E−02 7 9 LGN34 0.93 2.40E−04 7 19 LGN35 0.81 5.27E−02 1 18 LGN35 0.97 1.69E−03 5 5 LGN35 0.94 5.78E−04 7 18 LGN35 0.83 6.16E−03 7 2 LGN36 0.72 2.00E−02 8 16 LGN36 0.72 2.00E−02 8 1 LGN39 0.84 1.69E−02 1 3 LGN39 0.76 7.95E−02 1 18 LGN39 0.78 6.69E−02 5 10 LGN39 0.72 4.50E−02 2 12 LGN39 0.80 1.82E−02 2 4 LGN39 0.79 2.04E−02 2 6 LGN39 0.73 3.82E−02 2 2 LGN39 0.78 3.73E−02 4 7 LGN39 0.71 7.21E−02 4 12 LGN39 0.74 5.61E−02 4 14 LGN39 0.71 7.67E−02 4 15 LGN39 0.76 4.64E−02 4 10 LGN39 0.84 1.68E−02 4 6 LGN39 0.76 4.88E−02 4 19 LGN39 0.72 4.28E−02 3 2 LGN39 0.74 5.69E−02 6 7 LGN39 0.75 5.24E−02 6 12 LGN39 0.93 2.44E−03 6 16 LGN39 0.72 7.03E−02 6 5 LGN39 0.77 4.43E−02 6 14 LGN39 0.78 3.97E−02 6 13 LGN39 0.87 1.08E−02 6 4 LGN39 0.72 7.06E−02 6 15 LGN39 0.92 3.65E−03 6 10 LGN39 0.78 3.97E−02 6 17 LGN39 0.78 3.97E−02 6 20 LGN39 0.93 2.44E−03 6 1 LGN39 0.73 6.20E−02 6 9 LGN39 0.76 8.17E−02 6 18 LGN39 0.80 3.04E−02 6 19 LGN39 0.71 4.78E−02 7 18 LGN49 0.76 7.74E−02 5 11 LGN49 0.74 9.43E−02 5 4 LGN49 0.74 9.55E−02 5 8 LGN49 0.75 3.05E−02 2 12 LGN49 0.72 4.59E−02 2 14 LGN49 0.91 1.95E−03 2 4 LGN49 0.73 4.12E−02 2 15 LGN49 0.83 2.00E−02 6 5 Table 120. Correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions; “Corr. ID” = correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters described in Table 114 above. “Exp. Set” = Expression set as described in Table 112 above. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 14 Production of Brachypodium Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Brachypodium Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis comparing between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a brachypodium oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K brachypodium genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 24 different brachypodium accessions were analyzed. Among them, 22 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis.

The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Additional correlation analysis was done by comparing plant phenotype and gene copy number. The correlation between the normalized copy number hybridization signal and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Analyzed Brachypodium tissues—two tissues [leaf and spike] were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 121 below.

TABLE 121 Brachypodium transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Leaf at flowering stage under normal growth conditions 1 Spike at flowering stage under normal growth conditions 2 Table 121. Provided are the brachypodium transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions.

Brachypodium Yield Components and Vigor Related Parameters Assessment—

24 brachypodium accessions were grown in 4-6 repetitive plots (8 plants per plot) in a green house. The growing protocol was as follows: brachypodium seeds were sown in plots and grown under normal condition (6 mM of Nitrogen as ammonium nitrate). Plants were continuously phenotyped during the growth period and at harvest (Table 123-124, below). The image analysis system include d a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spikes and the following parameters were measured using digital imaging system and collected:

Number of tillering—all tillers were counted per plant at harvest (mean per plot).

Head number—At the end of the experiment, heads were harvested from each plot and were counted.

Total Grains weight per plot (gr.)—At the end of the experiment (plant ‘Heads’) heads from plots were collected, the heads were threshed and grains were weighted. In addition, the average grain weight per head was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by number of total heads per plot (based on plot).

Highest number of spikelets—The highest spikelet number per head was calculated per plant (mean per plot).

Mean number of spikelets—The mean spikelet number per head was calculated per plot.

Plant height—Each of the plants was measured for its height using measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to spike base of the longest spike at harvest.

Vegetative dry weight and spike yield—At the end of the experiment (50% of the spikes were dry) all spikes and vegetative material from plots were collected. The biomass and spikes weight of each plot was separated, measured and divided by the number of plants/plots.

Dry weight—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours;

Spike yield per plant=total spike weight per plant (gr) after drying at 30° C. in oven for 48 hours.

Spikelets weight (gr.)—The biomass and spikes weight of each plot was separated and measured per plot.

Average head weight—calculated by dividing spikelets weight with head number (gr.).

Harvest Index—The harvest index was calculated using Formula XV (described above).

Spikelets Index—The Spikelets index is calculated using Formula XXXI above.

Percent Number of heads with spikelets—The number of heads with more than one spikelet per plant were counted and the percent from all heads per plant was calculated.

Total dry mater per plot—Calculated as Vegetative portion above ground plus all the spikelet dry weight per plot.

1000 grain weight—At the end of the experiment all grains from all plots were collected and weighted and the weight of 1000 grains was calculated.

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spikes and the following parameters were measured and collected:

(i) Average Grain Area (cm²)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

(ii) Average Grain Length, perimeter and width (cm)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

The image processing system that was used consisted of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

TABLE 122 Brachypodium correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.] 1 Average head weight [gr.] 2 Grain Perimeter [mm] 3 Grain area [mm²] 4 Grain length [mm] 5 Grain width [mm] 6 Grains weight per plant [gr.] 7 Grains weight per plot [gr.] 8 Harvest index 9 Heads per plant [number] 10 Heads per plot [number] 11 Highest number of spikelets per plot [number] 12 Mean number of spikelets per plot [number] 13 Num of heads with spikelets per plant [number] 14 Percent Number of heads with spikelets [%] 15 Plant Vegetative DW [gr] 16 Plant height [cm] 17 Plants number [number] 18 Spikelets DW per plant [gr] 19 Spikelets weight [gr] 20 Spikes index [gr] 21 Tillering [number] 22 Total dry mater per plant [gr] 23 Total dry mater per plot [gr] 24 Vegetative DW [gr] 25 Table 122. Provided are the Brachypodium correlated parameters.

Experimental Results

24 different Brachypodium accessions were grown and characterized for different parameters as described above. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 123-125 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters (Table 126) was conducted. Follow, results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 123 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in Brachypodium accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Line-1 3.748 0.0569 1.672 0.1025 0.7330 0.1777 0.1399 1.051 Line-2 3.775 0.0436 1.615 0.0955 0.7195 0.1679 0.0555 0.444 Line-3 3.345 0.0495 1.624 0.0944 0.7170 0.1670 0.0768 0.614 Line-4 4.885 0.0749 1.686 0.0945 0.7400 0.1619 0.2552 1.960 Line-5 5.540 0.0402 1.820 0.1052 0.8329 0.1611 0.1403 1.110 Line-6 4.983 0.0558 1.829 0.1115 0.8237 0.1722 0.1398 1.072 Line-7 4.827 0.0475 1.745 0.1025 0.7813 0.1664 0.1383 1.089 Line-8 5.535 0.0416 1.931 0.1095 0.8961 0.1554 0.1050 0.840 Line-9 3.842 0.0780 1.683 0.1008 0.7476 0.1715 0.0767 0.498 Line-10 4.761 0.0552 1.819 0.1114 0.7888 0.1801 0.0658 0.387 Line-11 4.730 0.0478 1.690 0.0996 0.7481 0.1693 0.3927 3.070 Line-12 5.239 0.0529 1.910 0.1244 0.8568 0.1850 0.1361 1.089 Line-13 4.964 0.0574 1.706 0.1005 0.7437 0.1715 0.1257 1.066 Line-14 4.004 0.1037 1.806 0.0963 0.8395 0.1457 0.3742 2.993 Line-15 4.257 0.0789 1.755 0.0899 0.8018 0.1426 0.4937 3.522 Line-16 5.991 0.0819 1.866 0.1173 0.8421 0.1772 0.3117 2.406 Line-17 4.336 0.0638 1.664 0.0913 0.7357 0.1575 0.2027 1.468 Line-18 3.700 0.0872 1.646 0.0884 0.7497 0.1494 0.3478 2.583 Line-19 3.904 0.0404 1.602 0.0862 0.7240 0.1510 0.2688 2.035 Line-20 4.823 0.0596 1.795 0.1047 0.7941 0.1682 0.3226 2.581 Line-21 4.873 0.0867 1.903 0.1132 0.8712 0.1649 0.4361 3.403 Line-22 3.758 0.0901 1.683 0.0916 0.7638 0.1515 0.3032 1.919 Table 123. Correlation IDs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . etc. refer to those described in Table 122 above [Brachypodium correlated parameters (vectors)].

TABLE 124 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in brachypodium accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Line-1 0.1308 16.29 121.75 3.000 2.103 5.272 27.61 0.4159 Line-2 0.1401 7.08 56.60 2.600 2.100 2.500 35.33 0.1188 Line-3 0.1483 6.59 52.75 3.000 1.719 2.063 21.67 0.1328 Line-4 0.2049 11.63 83.40 2.200 1.692 2.083 14.00 0.3758 Line-5 0.1991 10.48 82.40 2.000 1.382 0.707 5.42 0.3228 Line-6 0.1576 9.09 70.13 2.250 1.645 1.940 15.42 0.3244 Line-7 0.1355 14.13 110.33 1.833 1.426 1.080 6.40 0.3895 Line-8 0.2552 5.88 47.00 2.000 1.250 0.350 4.51 0.1250 Line-9 0.0668 11.89 81.50 3.500 2.411 7.594 55.41 0.4375 Line-10 0.1063 8.02 48.60 2.000 1.563 1.868 16.51 0.3084 Line-11 0.2163 23.75 185.50 2.500 1.763 4.982 15.52 0.8713 Line-12 0.0888 16.06 125.00 2.400 1.825 3.700 20.34 0.6933 Line-13 0.1753 9.74 80.75 2.000 1.424 0.889 8.11 0.3438 Line-14 0.0934 22.19 177.50 3.500 2.708 12.583 53.21 1.7244 Line-15 0.1577 24.32 172.80 3.800 2.607 12.130 47.81 1.3159 Line-16 0.1806 13.25 98.60 2.800 2.121 6.350 42.81 0.4779 Line-17 0.1118 19.22 143.17 2.833 2.155 7.146 34.92 0.6278 Line-18 0.2108 16.11 123.50 2.833 2.174 9.440 52.40 0.8175 Line-19 0.1714 21.40 156.83 2.333 1.850 5.016 20.84 0.6747 Line-20 0.1492 25.88 207.00 2.600 1.925 4.900 17.55 0.8700 Line-21 0.1807 17.05 135.00 4.500 2.854 7.719 47.73 1.0473 Line-22 0.0879 25.54 177.00 3.167 2.790 15.355 59.01 1.7313 Table 124. Correlation IDs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . etc. refer to those described in Table 122 above [Brachypodium correlated parameters (vectors)].

TABLE 125 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in brachypodium accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Line-1 31.65 7.500 0.9605 7.180 0.7061 16.84 1.376 10.26 3.078 Line-2 23.44 8.000 0.3123 2.498 0.7236 7.20 0.431 3.45 0.950 Line-3 22.75 8.000 0.3344 2.675 0.7276 7.00 0.467 3.74 1.063 Line-4 31.95 7.200 0.8758 6.424 0.7060 11.97 1.252 9.12 2.692 Line-5 34.36 7.800 0.4372 3.452 0.5759 10.67 0.760 6.00 2.546 Line-6 28.65 7.750 0.5587 4.293 0.6573 9.38 0.883 6.78 2.483 Line-7 28.88 7.833 0.6741 5.290 0.6359 14.58 1.064 8.34 3.053 Line-8 24.74 8.000 0.2555 2.044 0.6577 6.35 0.381 3.04 1.000 Line-9 31.40 6.500 0.9224 6.250 0.6869 12.38 1.360 9.21 2.960 Line-10 29.15 6.400 0.4496 2.658 0.6046 8.60 0.758 4.47 1.814 Line-11 37.30 7.750 1.1370 8.893 0.5896 25.50 2.008 15.79 6.893 Line-12 45.09 8.000 0.8318 6.654 0.5429 16.56 1.525 12.20 5.546 Line-13 22.39 8.250 0.5910 4.915 0.6776 10.53 0.935 7.76 2.843 Line-14 55.04 8.000 2.2685 18.148 0.5628 27.15 3.993 31.94 13.795 Line-15 45.34 7.000 1.9113 13.494 0.5931 26.30 3.227 22.78 9.284 Line-16 40.20 7.600 1.0916 8.346 0.6981 13.56 1.570 12.04 3.696 Line-17 39.18 7.333 1.2591 9.418 0.6623 20.79 1.887 14.14 4.718 Line-18 45.35 7.500 1.4640 11.312 0.6829 16.99 2.282 17.78 6.468 Line-19 29.41 7.333 0.9560 7.162 0.6004 23.61 1.631 12.29 5.130 Line-20 38.39 8.000 1.5555 12.444 0.6465 27.20 2.426 19.40 6.960 Line-21 46.74 7.875 1.4182 11.046 0.5749 18.25 2.466 19.27 8.228 Line-22 58.82 6.833 2.2523 15.548 0.5686 29.09 3.984 27.67 12.117 Table 125. Correlation IDs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . etc. refer to those described in Table 122 above [Brachypodium correlated parameters (vectors)].

TABLE 126 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across brachypodium varieties Gene P Exp. Corr. Gene P Exp. Corr. Name R value set Set ID Name R value set Set ID LBY37 0.73 1.68E−02 2  7 LBY37 0.71 2.26E−02 2  8 LBY37 0.86 7.69E−04 1 11 LBY37 0.88 3.85E−04 1 22 LBY37 0.82 1.84E−03 1 24 LBY37 0.85 9.14E−04 1 19 LBY37 0.78 4.41E−03 1 12 LBY37 0.82 2.06E−03 1 25 LBY37 0.75 7.35E−03 1 15 LBY37 0.85 9.29E−04 1 16 LBY37 0.86 6.29E−04 1 14 LBY37 0.82 2.22E−03 1 20 LBY37 0.85 8.20E−04 1 13 LBY37 0.74 9.92E−03 1 17 LBY37 0.87 4.88E−04 1 10 LBY37 0.86 7.61E−04 1 23 Table 126. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels yield improving genes and their homologs in various tissues [Expression (Exp) sets, Table 121] and the phenotypic performance [yield, biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components as described in Tables 123-125 using the Correlation vectors (Con.) described in Table 122] under normal conditions across brachypodium varieties. P = p value.

Example 15 Production of Soybean (Glycine Max) Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield Parameters Using 44K B. Soybean Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized a Soybean oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 42,000 Soybean genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with yield components or plant architecture related parameters or plant vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 29 different Glycine max varieties were analyzed and 26 varieties were further used for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test.

Correlation of Glycine max Genes' Expression Levels with Phenotypic Characteristics Across Ecotype

Experimental Procedures

29 Soybean varieties were grown in three repetitive plots in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows: Soybean seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal conditions (no irrigation, good organomic particles) which included high temperature about 82.38 (° F.), low temperature about 58.54 (° F.); total precipitation rainfall from May through September (from sowing until harvest) was about 16.97 inch.

In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with yield components or plant architecture related parameters or vigor related parameters, 26 different Soybean varieties (out of 29 varieties) were analyzed and used for gene expression analyses. Analysis was performed at two pre-determined time periods: at pod set (when the soybean pods are formed) and at harvest time (when the soybean pods are ready for harvest, with mature seeds).

TABLE 127 Soybean transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Apical meristem at vegetative stage under normal 1 growth condition Leaf at vegetative stage under normal growth condition 2 Leaf at flowering stage under normal growth condition 3 Leaf at pod setting stage under normal growth condition 4 Root at vegetative stage under normal growth condition 5 Root at flowering stage under normal growth condition 6 Root at pod setting stage under normal growth condition 7 Stem at vegetative stage under normal growth condition 8 Stem at pod setting stage under normal growth condition 9 Flower bud at flowering stage under normal growth condition 10 Pod (R3-R4) at pod setting stage under normal growth condition 11 Table 127.

RNA extraction—All 12 selected Soybean varieties were sample per treatment. Plant tissues [leaf, root, Stem, Pod, apical meristem, Flower buds] growing under normal conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. The collected data parameters were as follows:

Main branch base diameter [mm] at pod set—the diameter of the base of the main branch (based diameter) average of three plants per plot.

Fresh weight [gr./plant] at pod set]—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) before drying at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Dry weight [gr./plant] at pod set—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of nodes with pods on lateral branches [value/plant]—counting of nodes which contain pods in lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Number of lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—counting number of lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total weight of lateral branches at pod set [gr./plant]—weight of all lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total weight of pods on main stem at pod set [gr./plant]—weight of all pods on main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of nodes on main stem [value/plant]—count of number of nodes on main stem starting from first node above ground, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 1 seed on lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 1 seed in all lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 2 seeds on lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 2 seeds in all lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 3 seeds on lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 3 seeds in all lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 4 seeds on lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 4 seeds in all lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 1 seed on main stem at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 1 seed in main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 2 seeds on main stem at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 2 seeds in main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 3 seeds on main stem at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 3 seeds in main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of pods with 4 seeds on main stem at pod set [value/plant]—count of the number of pods containing 4 seeds in main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of seeds per plant at pod set [value/plant]—count of number of seeds in lateral branches and main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of seeds on lateral branches at pod set [value/plant]—count of total number of seeds on lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Total number of seeds on main stem at pod set [value/plant]—count of total number of seeds on main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Plant height at pod set [cm/plant]—total length from above ground till the tip of the main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Plant height at harvest [cm/plant]—total length from above ground till the tip of the main stem at harvest, average of three plants per plot.

Total weight of pods on lateral branches at pod set [gr./plant]—weight of all pods on lateral branches at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Ratio of the number of pods per node on main stem at pod set—calculated in Formula XXIII (above), average of three plants per plot.

Ratio of total number of seeds in main stem to number of seeds on lateral branches—calculated in Formula XXIV above, average of three plants per plot.

Total weight of pods per plant at pod set [gr./plant]—weight of all pods on lateral branches and main stem at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Days till 50% flowering [days]—number of days till 50% flowering for each plot.

Days till 100% flowering [days]—number of days till 100% flowering for each plot.

Maturity [days]—measure as 95% of the pods in a plot have ripened (turned 100% brown). Delayed leaf drop and green stems are not considered in assigning maturity. Tests are observed 3 days per week, every other day, for maturity. The maturity date is the date that 95% of the pods have reached final color. Maturity is expressed in days after August 31 [according to the accepted definition of maturity in USA, Descriptor list for SOYBEAN, ars-grin (dot) gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/desclist (dot) pl?51].

Seed quality [ranked 1-5]—measure at harvest; a visual estimate based on several hundred seeds. Parameter is rated according to the following scores considering the amount and degree of wrinkling, defective coat (cracks), greenishness, and moldy or other pigment. Rating is “1”—very good, “2”—good, “3”—fair, “4”—poor, “5”—very poor.

Lodging [ranked 1-5]—is rated at maturity per plot according to the following scores: “1”—most plants in a plot are erected; “2”—all plants leaning slightly or a few plants down; “3”—all plants leaning moderately, or 25%-50% down; “4”—all plants leaning considerably, or 50%-80% down; “5”—most plants down. Note: intermediate score such as 1.5 are acceptable.

Seed size [gr.]—weight of 1000 seeds per plot normalized to 13% moisture, measure at harvest.

Total weight of seeds per plant [gr./plant]—calculated at harvest (per 2 inner rows of a trimmed plot) as weight in grams of cleaned seeds adjusted to 13% moisture and divided by the total number of plants in two inner rows of a trimmed plot.

Yield at harvest [bushels/hectare]—calculated at harvest (per 2 inner rows of a trimmed plot) as weight in grams of cleaned seeds, adjusted to 13% moisture, and then expressed as bushels per acre.

Average lateral branch seeds per pod [number]—Calculate number of seeds on lateral branches-at pod set and divide by the number of pods with seeds on lateral branches-at pod set.

Average main stem seeds per pod [number]—Calculate total number of seeds on main stem at pod set and divide by the number of pods with seeds on main stem at pod setting.

Main stem average internode length [cm]—Calculate plant height at pod set and divide by the total number of nodes on main stem at pod setting.

Total number of pods with seeds on main stem [number]—count all pods containing seeds on the main stem at pod setting.

Total number of pods with seeds on lateral branches [number]—count all pods containing seeds on the lateral branches at pod setting.

Total number of pods per plant at pod set [number]—count pods on main stem and lateral branches at pod setting.

TABLE 128 Soybean correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID 100 percent flowering (days) 1 50 percent flowering (days) 2 Base diameter at pod set (mm) 3 DW at pod set (gr.) 4 Lodging (score 1-5) 5 Maturity (days) 6 Num of lateral branches (number) 7 Num of pods with 1 seed on main stem at pod set (number) 8 Num of pods with 2 seed on main stem at pod set (number) 9 Num of pods with 3 seed on main stem at pod set (number) 10 Num of pods with 4 seed on main stem at pod set (number) 11 Plant height at harvest (cm) 12 Plant height at pod set (cm) 13 Ratio number of pods per node on main stem (ratio) 14 Ratio num of seeds-main stem to lateral branches (ratio) 15 Seed quality (score 1-5) 16 1000 seed weight (gr.) 17 Num of Seeds on lateral branches-at pod set 18 Total Number of Seeds on main stem at pod set (number) 19 Num of pods with 1 seed on lateral branch-pod set (number) 20 Num of pods with 2 seed on lateral branch-pod set (number) 21 Num pods with 3 seed on lateral branch-at pod set (number) 22 Num pods with 4 seed on lateral branch-at pod set (number) 23 Total number of nodes on main stem (number) 24 Num of nodes with pods on lateral branches-pod set (number) 25 Total number of seeds per plant (number) 26 Total weight of lateral branches at pod set (gr.) 27 Weight of pods on lateral branches (gr)-at pod set 28 Total weight of pods on main stem at pod set (gr.) 29 Total weight of pods per plant (gr./plant) 30 Total weight of seeds per plant (gr./plant) 31 Fresh weight at pod set (gr.) 32 Yield at harvest (bushel/hectare) 33 Average lateral branch seeds per pod 34 Average main stem seeds per pod 35 Main stem average internode length (cm) 36 Num pods with seeds on lateral branches-at pod set (number) 37 Total number of pods per plant (number) 38 Total number of pods with seeds on main stem (number) 39 Corrected Seed size (gr.) 40 Table 128.

29 different Soybean varieties lines were grown and characterized for 40 parameters as specified above. Tissues for expression analysis were sampled from a subset of 12 lines. The correlated parameters are described in Table 128 above. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 129-134) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 135). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 129 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 1-6) Ecotype/ Treatment Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 1 67.33 71.67 67.67 67.33 60.00 74.00 2 61.00 65.33 60.67 61.00 54.67 68.33 3 8.33 9.54 9.68 8.11 8.82 10.12 4 53.67 50.33 38.00 46.17 60.83 55.67 5 1.67 1.83 1.17 1.67 2.67 2.83 6 24.00 43.67 30.33 30.33 38.33 40.00 7 9.00 8.67 9.11 9.89 7.67 17.56 8 1.11 4.38 1.44 1.44 4.56 1.67 9 16.89 16.25 13.22 16.89 27.00 8.11 10 29.56 1.75 19.78 22.33 11.67 22.78 11 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.44 12 96.67 76.67 67.50 75.83 74.17 76.67 13 86.78 69.56 62.44 70.89 69.44 63.89 14 2.87 1.38 2.13 2.26 2.60 1.87 15 0.89 0.90 0.87 0.89 2.32 0.37 16 2.33 3.50 3.00 2.17 2.83 2.00 17 89.00 219.33 93.00 86.00 191.33 71.33 18 150.89 55.89 134.00 160.44 75.44 324.63 19 123.56 43.89 87.67 102.67 93.56 88.00 20 1.56 3.00 1.78 1.78 5.67 5.63 21 17.00 18.75 26.44 32.33 21.56 33.50 22 38.44 2.00 26.44 31.33 8.89 82.00 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 24 16.56 16.78 16.11 18.11 16.78 17.11 25 23.00 16.00 23.11 33.00 15.22 45.25 26 274.44 99.78 221.67 263.11 169.00 412.50 27 67.78 63.78 64.89 74.89 54.00 167.22 28 26.00 14.89 20.11 20.11 21.11 30.25 29 22.11 14.33 16.00 15.00 33.78 9.00 30 48.11 29.22 36.11 35.11 54.89 38.88 31 15.09 10.50 17.23 16.51 12.06 10.25 32 170.89 198.22 152.56 163.89 224.67 265.00 33 47.57 43.77 50.37 56.30 44.00 40.33 34 2.67 1.95 2.43 2.53 2.13 2.68 35 2.60 1.89 2.52 2.53 2.17 2.59 36 5.24 4.15 3.91 3.92 4.15 3.74 37 57.00 28.56 54.67 65.44 36.11 122.63 38 104.56 51.67 89.22 106.22 79.33 155.63 39 47.56 23.11 34.56 40.78 43.22 33.00 40 89.00 93.00 86.00 71.33 Table 129.

TABLE 130 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 7-12) Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 73.00 72.33 68.67 73.67 68.00 70.67 2 66.50 65.67 62.33 67.67 61.67 64.33 3 8.46 8.09 8.26 7.73 8.16 7.89 4 48.00 52.00 44.17 52.67 56.00 47.50 5 2.67 2.50 1.83 3.50 3.33 1.50 6 41.00 38.33 31.00 39.00 27.33 32.67 7 11.67 12.11 8.00 9.11 6.78 10.00 8 4.00 4.33 2.11 1.89 3.44 1.22 9 21.33 17.67 20.33 16.11 28.11 16.56 10 11.11 28.22 24.11 36.44 39.67 32.33 11 0.00 0.56 0.00 3.89 0.00 0.00 12 101.67 98.33 75.83 116.67 76.67 71.67 13 89.78 82.11 70.56 101.67 79.56 67.22 14 1.98 2.71 2.78 2.75 3.70 2.84 15 3.90 0.78 1.18 1.98 1.03 0.83 16 3.50 2.50 2.17 2.33 2.17 2.17 17 88.00 75.00 80.67 75.67 76.33 77.33 18 46.88 176.22 143.00 105.44 184.33 187.33 19 80.00 126.56 115.11 159.00 178.67 131.33 20 2.88 3.00 1.25 2.67 1.78 3.00 21 8.50 22.78 21.75 10.67 23.78 25.67 22 9.00 42.11 32.75 25.67 45.00 44.33 23 0.00 0.33 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 24 18.78 18.89 16.78 21.11 19.33 20.78 25 8.25 25.44 21.88 16.33 22.56 24.22 26 136.00 302.78 260.50 264.44 363.00 318.67 27 45.44 83.22 64.33 52.00 76.89 67.00 28 4.13 20.11 17.00 9.22 28.11 22.56 29 9.03 16.00 15.89 14.56 30.44 18.00 30 14.25 36.11 32.75 23.78 58.56 40.56 31 7.30 11.38 15.68 10.83 12.98 15.16 32 160.67 196.33 155.33 178.11 204.44 164.22 33 34.23 44.27 53.67 42.47 43.60 52.20 34 2.12 2.58 2.58 2.67 2.62 2.58 35 2.22 2.49 2.47 2.71 2.51 2.61 36 4.80 4.36 4.20 4.82 4.12 3.83 37 20.38 68.22 55.75 40.11 70.56 73.00 38 61.00 119.00 103.25 98.44 141.78 123.11 39 36.44 50.78 43.63 58.33 71.22 50.11 40 88.00 75.00 80.67 75.67 76.33 77.33 Table 130.

TABLE 131 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 1-8) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 67.33 67.33 67.33 70.00 68.00 71.67 67.33 67.67 3 8.27 8.00 8.33 7.16 7.78 9.54 8.13 9.68 4 35.83 51.67 53.67 34.67 47.50 50.33 53.50 38.00 5 2.00 2.00 1.67 1.67 1.17 1.83 1.67 1.17 6 27.67 27.67 24.00 30.33 31.33 43.67 27.00 30.33 7 5.11 8.44 9.00 7.00 8.67 8.67 7.11 9.11 8 0.56 2.44 1.11 2.56 0.89 4.38 1.89 1.44 9 16.44 17.22 16.89 25.33 10.44 16.25 20.00 13.22 10 19.33 23.33 29.56 23.33 30.56 1.75 23.56 19.78 11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.11 12 69.17 85.00 96.67 75.83 73.33 76.67 75.00 67.50 13 66.78 79.44 86.78 64.11 68.00 69.56 74.11 62.44 14 2.34 2.67 2.87 2.87 2.51 1.38 2.65 2.13 15 1.28 1.13 0.89 1.35 0.86 0.90 1.43 0.87 16 3.00 2.17 2.33 2.33 2.50 3.50 2.67 3.00 17 126.00 116.00 89.00 75.67 84.33 219.33 119.0 93.00 18 92.78 124.00 150.89 122.78 174.89 55.89 112.67 134.00 19 91.44 106.89 123.56 123.22 122.33 43.89 112.56 87.67 20 0.78 0.89 1.56 0.78 1.00 3.00 1.22 1.78 21 15.33 17.56 17.00 23.33 18.11 18.75 21.22 26.44 22 20.44 29.33 38.44 25.11 43.22 2.00 23.00 26.44 23 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 24 15.56 16.11 16.56 17.78 17.67 16.78 17.33 16.11 25 13.89 20.89 23.00 22.44 26.11 16.00 21.56 23.11 26 184.22 230.89 274.44 246.00 297.22 99.78 225.22 221.67 27 57.78 66.67 67.78 57.00 73.67 63.78 64.44 64.89 28 23.00 25.00 26.00 18.33 23.22 14.89 27.89 20.11 29 22.56 22.22 22.11 17.89 17.89 14.33 23.78 16.00 30 45.56 47.22 48.11 36.22 41.11 29.22 51.67 36.11 31 21.35 14.70 15.09 13.44 16.60 10.50 16.03 17.23 32 158.89 185.78 170.89 146.78 172.78 198.22 166.44 152.56 33 55.53 50.33 47.57 46.83 55.87 43.77 51.67 50.37 34 2.53 2.58 2.67 2.51 2.74 1.95 2.46 2.43 35 2.52 2.49 2.60 2.36 2.77 1.89 2.50 2.52 36 4.29 4.93 5.24 3.61 3.85 4.15 4.29 3.91 37 36.56 47.78 57.00 49.22 64.33 28.56 45.44 54.67 38 72.89 90.78 104.56 100.44 108.44 51.67 90.89 89.22 39 36.33 43.00 47.56 51.22 44.11 23.11 45.44 34.56 Table 131.

TABLE 132 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 9-16) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 71.67 67.33 67.00 69.67 60.00 70.67 71.67 71.67 3 8.41 8.11 7.54 7.83 8.82 8.10 8.72 9.54 4 45.83 46.17 38.67 50.67 60.83 44.33 52.33 54.50 5 1.83 1.67 1.17 2.67 2.67 1.50 3.00 1.83 6 35.33 30.33 28.00 41.00 38.33 31.00 36.00 38.67 7 8.67 9.89 5.33 5.00 7.67 4.78 7.78 8.78 8 2.33 1.44 1.67 1.67 4.56 2.67 4.14 1.89 9 22.33 16.89 17.00 19.22 27.00 32.89 18.71 15.11 10 25.44 22.33 31.89 10.00 11.67 27.89 31.43 41.89 11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 0.44 12 75.00 75.83 66.67 115.83 74.17 72.50 83.33 76.67 13 69.67 70.89 62.33 94.44 69.44 66.78 75.44 68.56 14 2.77 2.26 2.76 1.43 2.60 3.32 3.19 3.17 15 1.38 0.89 1.41 2.40 2.32 1.54 0.80 1.21 16 2.00 2.17 2.00 3.00 2.83 2.17 2.00 2.33 17 84.67 86.00 75.67 169.33 191.33 86.67 85.67 87.67 18 171.11 160.44 139.67 49.44 75.44 112.33 204.67 180.78 19 123.78 102.67 131.33 70.11 93.56 152.11 140.11 159.56 20 2.78 1.78 0.89 0.33 5.67 1.56 5.13 0.67 21 34.44 32.33 19.89 12.56 21.56 21.22 29.63 16.67 22 33.00 31.33 33.00 8.00 8.89 22.78 40.25 48.78 23 0.111 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.111 24 18.00 18.11 18.33 21.56 16.78 19.11 17.33 18.78 25 26.33 33.00 21.33 14.38 15.22 18.56 30.44 28.00 26 294.89 263.11 271.00 119.56 169.00 264.44 344.78 340.33 27 80.33 74.89 58.33 55.25 54.00 52.44 105.00 67.00 28 23.00 20.11 19.33 12.00 21.11 15.33 23.78 20.67 29 18.00 15.00 19.63 15.41 33.78 21.56 16.22 26.56 30 41.00 35.11 39.88 27.41 54.89 36.89 40.00 47.22 31 14.64 16.51 17.12 10.52 12.06 15.80 12.64 12.58 32 175.67 163.89 136.56 191.67 224.67 155.33 216.22 192.11 33 52.93 56.30 55.07 40.17 44.00 52.37 46.90 48.57 34 2.43 2.53 2.60 2.34 2.13 2.48 2.47 2.70 35 2.48 2.53 2.60 2.26 2.17 2.40 2.52 2.68 36 3.90 3.92 3.41 4.38 4.15 3.50 4.36 3.67 37 70.33 65.44 53.78 20.89 36.11 45.56 83.11 66.22 38 120.56 106.22 104.33 51.78 79.33 109.00 138.89 125.56 39 50.22 40.78 50.56 30.89 43.22 63.44 55.78 59.33 Table 132.

TABLE 133 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 17-23) Eco- type/ Treat- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ment 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 74.00 73.00 72.33 73.33 67.33 68.67 69.33 3 10.12 8.46 8.09 8.11 7.09 8.26 7.57 4 55.67 48.00 52.00 45.17 57.00 44.17 43.33 5 2.83 2.67 2.50 1.67 2.50 1.83 2.00 6 40.00 41.00 38.33 37.00 24.67 31.00 37.67 7 17.56 11.67 12.11 10.44 8.00 8.00 9.00 8 1.67 4.00 4.33 1.89 1.78 2.11 0.44 9 8.11 21.33 17.67 20.00 17.44 20.33 11.22 10 22.78 11.11 28.22 27.89 25.11 24.11 25.22 11 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.56 0.44 0.00 0.11 12 76.67 101.67 98.33 89.17 93.33 75.83 78.33 13 63.89 89.78 82.11 81.11 85.67 70.56 70.78 14 1.87 1.98 2.71 2.58 2.45 2.78 2.15 15 0.37 3.90 0.78 1.36 0.92 1.18 0.82 16 2.00 3.50 2.50 2.00 2.50 2.17 2.17 17 71.33 88.00 75.00 78.67 91.67 80.67 80.67 18 324.63 46.88 176.22 121.56 151.56 143.00 144.00 19 88.00 80.00 126.56 127.78 113.78 115.11 99.00 20 5.63 2.88 3.00 2.33 1.67 1.25 0.89 21 33.50 8.50 22.78 21.89 22.89 21.75 13.22 22 82.00 9.00 42.11 24.56 34.11 32.75 38.89 23 1.500 0.000 0.333 0.444 0.444 0.000 0.000 24 17.11 18.78 18.89 19.44 19.89 16.78 17.00 25 45.25 8.25 25.44 22.67 23.00 21.88 23.78 26 412.50 136.00 302.78 249.33 265.33 260.50 243.00 27 167.22 45.44 83.22 63.67 69.67 64.33 76.22 28 30.25 4.13 20.11 14.89 24.33 17.00 19.22 29 9.00 9.03 16.00 14.57 19.78 15.89 14.67 30 38.88 14.25 36.11 29.46 44.11 32.75 33.89 31 10.25 7.30 11.38 13.86 14.63 15.68 14.77 32 265.00 160.67 196.33 166.33 171.44 155.33 175.78 33 40.33 34.23 44.27 46.23 49.70 53.67 52.53 34 2.68 2.12 2.58 2.48 2.61 2.58 2.70 35 2.59 2.22 2.49 2.53 2.53 2.47 2.67 36 3.74 4.80 4.36 4.18 4.89 4.20 4.16 37 122.63 20.38 68.22 49.22 59.11 55.75 53.00 38 155.63 61.00 119.00 99.56 103.89 103.25 90.00 39 33.00 36.44 50.78 50.33 44.78 46.56 37.00 Table 133.

TABLE 134 Measured parameters in Soybean varieties (lines 24-29) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 73.67 68.00 68.67 68.00 67.00 70.67 3 7.73 8.16 8.18 6.88 7.82 7.89 4 52.67 56.00 56.17 43.50 46.00 47.50 5 3.50 3.33 1.83 1.50 2.33 1.50 6 39.00 27.33 27.67 27.33 36.33 32.67 7 9.11 6.78 7.11 4.33 9.11 10.00 8 1.89 3.44 3.22 1.67 3.33 1.22 9 16.11 28.11 24.67 14.67 14.33 16.56 10 36.44 39.67 35.78 31.67 37.56 32.33 11 3.89 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.78 0.00 12 116.67 76.67 85.00 78.33 79.17 71.67 13 101.67 79.56 77.44 73.67 73.67 67.22 14 2.75 3.70 3.58 3.06 3.34 2.84 15 1.98 1.03 1.48 1.82 1.35 0.83 16 2.33 2.17 2.17 2.33 2.17 2.17 17 75.67 76.33 88.00 93.33 79.00 77.33 18 105.44 184.33 166.22 92.33 143.78 187.33 19 159.00 178.67 159.89 129.11 147.78 131.33 20 2.67 1.78 1.00 0.56 2.11 3.00 21 10.67 23.78 26.78 10.22 15.89 25.67 22 25.67 45.00 37.22 23.78 35.89 44.33 23 1.111 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.556 0.000 24 21.11 19.33 17.78 15.89 16.67 20.78 25 16.33 22.56 19.89 11.78 16.00 24.22 26 264.44 363.00 326.11 221.44 291.56 318.67 27 52.00 76.89 74.78 35.33 52.11 67.00 28 9.22 28.11 24.22 14.33 15.13 22.56 29 14.56 30.44 24.22 26.36 21.44 18.00 30 23.78 58.56 48.44 40.69 35.75 40.56 31 10.83 12.98 16.38 16.64 15.82 15.16 32 178.11 204.44 205.89 144.67 176.44 164.22 33 42.47 43.60 51.90 52.50 46.43 52.20 34 2.67 2.62 2.37 2.67 2.62 2.58 35 2.71 2.51 2.53 2.64 2.65 2.61 36 4.82 4.12 4.36 4.64 4.47 3.57 37 40.11 70.56 71.67 34.56 54.44 73.00 38 98.44 141.78 135.33 83.33 110.44 123.11 39 58.33 71.22 63.67 48.78 56.00 50.11 Table 134.

TABLE 135 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across soybean varieties Gene P Exp. Corr. Gene P Exp. Corr. Name R value set Set ID Name R value set Set ID LBY193 0.82 1.02E−03 11 15 LBY193 0.71 4.99E−02 9 16 LBY193 0.77 2.59E−02 9 17 LBY193 0.78 2.57E−03 1 23 LBY193 0.72 8.44E−03 10 33 LBY194 0.72 1.80E−02 7 18 LBY194 0.72 1.82E−02 7 27 LBY194 0.77 9.00E−03 7 7 LBY194 0.74 1.50E−02 7 25 LBY194 0.84 8.52E−03 9 22 LBY194 0.85 7.48E−03 9 18 LBY194 0.81 1.40E−02 9 21 LBY194 0.77 2.52E−02 9 32 LBY194 0.77 2.39E−02 9 23 LBY194 0.83 1.09E−02 9 27 LBY194 0.78 2.26E−02 9 25 LBY194 0.81 1.53E−02 9 26 LBY195 0.78 7.97E−03 7 32 LBY195 0.72 1.91E−02 7 20 LBY195 0.70 1.08E−02 11 1 LBY195 0.92 1.34E−04 5 15 LBY195 0.72 1.77E−02 8 17 LBY195 0.73 4.06E−02 9 22 LBY195 0.76 2.87E−02 9 18 LBY195 0.73 3.91E−02 9 21 LBY195 0.96 1.10E−04 9 32 LBY195 0.81 1.43E−02 9 4 LBY195 0.72 4.45E−02 9 5 LBY195 0.82 1.21E−02 9 23 LBY195 0.87 5.44E−03 9 27 LBY195 0.77 2.57E−02 9 25 LBY195 0.71 4.66E−02 9 28 LBY195 0.70 5.27E−02 9 26 LBY195 0.75 4.95E−03 4 9 LBY195 0.74 5.96E−03 10 30 LBY195 0.78 2.66E−03 10 29 LGN2 0.81 4.49E−03 8 9 LGN2 0.73 3.95E−02 9 6 LGN2 0.78 2.35E−02 9 2 LGN2 0.82 1.33E−02 9 1 LGN2 0.76 7.13E−03 2 20 LGN2 0.88 1.35E−04 1 32 LGN2 0.72 8.28E−03 1 3 LGN2 0.80 1.63E−03 1 20 LGN2 0.80 1.68E−03 10 15 LBY194 0.73 1.57E−02 5 36 LBY194 0.75 1.33E−02 7 37 LBY194 0.81 1.51E−02 9 38 LBY194 0.85 7.25E−03 9 37 LBY195 0.73 4.11E−02 9 38 LBY195 0.77 2.56E−02 9 37 LBY194 0.80 1.81E−02 8 40 LBY194 0.98 3.36E−05 5 40 Table 135. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels yield improving genes and their homologs in various tissues [Expression (Exp) sets, Table 127] and the phenotypic performance [yield, biomass, and plant architecture as described in Tables 129-134 using the Correlation vectors (Con.) described in Table 128] under normal conditions across soybean varieties. P = p value.

Example 16 Production of Tomato Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 44K Tomato Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between NUE related phenotypes and gene expression, the present inventors utilized a Tomato oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 44,000 Tomato genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with NUE, ABST, yield components or vigor related parameters various plant characteristics of 18 different Tomato varieties were analyzed. Among them, 10 varieties encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

I. Correlation of Tomato Varieties Across Ecotypes Grown Under Low Nitrogen, Drought and Regular Growth Conditions

Experimental Procedures

10 Tomato varieties were grown in 3 repetitive blocks, each containing 6 plants per plot were grown at net house. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

1. Regular growth conditions: Tomato varieties were grown under normal conditions: 4-6 Liters/m² of water per day and fertilized with NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium at a ratio 6:6:6, respectively) as recommended in protocols for commercial tomato production.

2. Low Nitrogen fertilization conditions: Tomato varieties were grown under normal conditions (4-6 Liters/m² per day and fertilized with NPK as recommended in protocols for commercial tomato production) until flower stage. At this time, Nitrogen fertilization was stopped.

3. Drought stress: Tomato variety was grown under normal conditions (4-6 Liters/m² per day) until flower stage. At this time, irrigation was reduced to 50% compared to normal conditions.

Plants were phenotyped on a daily basis following the standard descriptor of tomato (Table 137). Harvest was conducted while 50% of the fruits were red (mature). Plants were separated to the vegetative part and fruits, of them, 2 nodes were analyzed for additional inflorescent parameters such as size, number of flowers, and inflorescent weight. Fresh weight of all vegetative material was measured. Fruits were separated to colors (red vs. green) and in accordance with the fruit size (small, medium and large). Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute). Data parameters collected are summarized in Tables 138-140, herein below.

Analyzed Tomato tissues—Two tissues at different developmental stages [flower and leaf], representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 136 below.

TABLE 136 Tomato transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Leaf at reproductive stage under normal conditions 1 Flower under normal conditions 2 Leaf at reproductive stage under low N conditions 3 Flower under low N conditions 4 Leaf at reproductive stage under 5 drought conditions Flower under drought conditions 6 Table 136: Provided are the identification (ID) digits of each of the tomato expression sets.

The collected data parameters were as follows:

Fruit Weight (gr)—At the end of the experiment [when 50% of the fruits were ripe (red)] all fruits from plots within blocks A-C were collected. The total fruits were counted and weighted. The average fruits weight was calculated by dividing the total fruit weight by the number of fruits.

Yield/SLA—Fruit yield divided by the specific leaf area, gives a measurement of the balance between reproductive and vegetative processes.

Yield/total leaf area—Fruit yield divided by the total leaf area, gives a measurement of the balance between reproductive and vegetative processes.

Plant vegetative Weight (FW) (gr)—At the end of the experiment [when 50% of the fruit were ripe (red)] all plants from plots within blocks A-C were collected. Fresh weight was measured (grams).

Inflorescence Weight (gr)—At the end of the experiment [when 50% of the fruits were ripe (red)] two Inflorescence from plots within blocks A-C were collected.

The Inflorescence weight (gr.) and number of flowers per inflorescence were counted.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at time of flowering. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Water use efficiency (WUE)—can be determined as the biomass produced per unit transpiration. To analyze WUE, leaf relative water content was measured in control and transgenic plants. Fresh weight (FW) was immediately recorded; then leaves were soaked for 8 hours in distilled water at room temperature in the dark, and the turgid weight (TW) was recorded. Total dry weight (DW) was recorded after drying the leaves at 60° C. to a constant weight. Relative water content (RWC) was calculated according to the following Formula I as described above.

Plants that maintain high relative water content (RWC) compared to control lines were considered more tolerant to drought than those exhibiting reduced relative water content.

TABLE 137 Tomato correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID 100 weight green fruit [gr.] (Drought conditions) 1 100 weight green fruit [gr.] (Low N conditions) 2 100 weight green fruit [gr.] (Normal conditions) 3 100 weight red fruit [gr.] (Drought conditions) 4 100 weight red fruit [gr.] (Low N conditions) 5 100 weight red fruit [gr.] (Normal conditions) 6 Cluster Weight (Low N/Normal conditions) 7 FW NUE [gr.] (Normal conditions) 8 FW (Drought conditions/Normal conditions) 9 FW/Plant [gr./number] (Low N conditions) 10 FW/Plant [gr./number] (Normal) conditions 11 FW/Plant [gr./number] (Drought conditions) 12 Fruit (Drought conditions/Low N conditions) 13 Fruit NUE [number] (Normal conditions) 14 Fruit Yield (Drought conditions/Normal conditions) 15 Fruit Yield/Plant [gr./number] (Low N conditions) 16 Fruit Yield/Plant [gr./number] (Drought conditions) 17 Fruit yield/Plant [gr.] (Normal conditions) 18 HI [yield/yield + biomass] (Low N conditions) 19 HI [yield/yield + biomass] (Normal conditions) 20 Leaflet Length [cm] (Low N conditions) 21 Leaflet Length [cm] (Normal conditions) 22 Leaflet Length [cm]) (Drought conditions) 23 Leaflet Width [cm] (Low N conditions) 24 Leaflet Width [cm] (Normal conditions) 25 Leaflet Width [cm] (Drought conditions) 26 NUE [yield/SPAD] (Low N conditions) 27 NUE [yield/SPAD] [gr./number] (Normal conditions) 28 NUE2 [total biomass/SPAD] (Low N conditions) 29 NUE2 [total biomass/SPAD] [gr./number] 30 (Normal conditions) NUpE [biomass/SPAD] (Low N conditions) 31 NUpE [biomass/SPAD] [gr./number] (Normal conditions) 32 No flowers (Low N conditions) 33 Number of flowers (Normal conditions) 34 Number of Flower (Drought conditions/Low N conditions) 35 Number of Flower (Drought conditions/Normal conditions) 36 Number of flowers (Drought conditions) 37 Num. Flowers (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) 38 RWC (Normal conditions) 39 RWC (Drought conditions) 40 RWC (Drought conditions/Normal conditions) 41 RWC (Low N conditions) 42 RWC (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) 43 SPAD 100% RWC (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) 44 SLA [leaf area/plant biomass] [cm²/gr] (Low N conditions) 45 SLA [leaf area/plant biomass] [cm²/gr] (Normal conditions) 46 SPAD (Normal conditions) 47 SPAD 100% RWC (Low N conditions) 48 SPAD 100% RWC (Normal conditions) 49 SPAD (Low N conditions) 50 SPAD (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) 51 Total Leaf Area [cm²] (Low N conditions) 52 Total Leaf Area [cm²] (Normal conditions) 53 Total Leaf Area [cm²]) (Drought conditions) 54 Weight Flower clusters [gr.] (Normal conditions) 55 Weight clusters (flowers) (Low N conditions) 56 Weight flower clusters [gr.] (Drought conditions) 57 Yield/SLA [gr./(cm²/gr.)] (Low N conditions) 58 Yield/SLA [gr./(cm²/gr.)] (Normal conditions) 59 Yield/total leaf area [gr/cm²] (Low N conditions) 60 Yield/total leaf area [gr./cm²] (Normal conditions) 61 Average red fruit weight [gr.] (Low N conditions) 62 Average red fruit weight [gr.] (Normal conditions) 63 Average red fruit weight [gr.] (Drought conditions) 64 Flower cluster weight (Drought conditions/Low N conditions) 65 Flower cluster weight (Drought 66 conditions/Normal conditions) Red fruit weight (Drought conditions/Normal conditions) 67 Table 137. Provided are the tomato correlated parameters. “gr.” = grams; “FW” = fresh weight; “NUE” = nitrogen use efficiency; “RWC” = relative water content; “NUpE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “HI” = harvest index (vegetative weight divided on yield); “SLA” = specific leaf area (leaf area divided by leaf dry weight), Treatment in the parenthesis.

Table 137 provides the tomato correlated parameters (Vectors). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 138-140 below. Subsequent correlation analysis was conducted (Table 141). Results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 138 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions (lines 1−6) Ecotype/ Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 0.57 0.37 3.40 0.68 0.45 0.47 3 0.56 3.05 0.24 2.58 6.32 5.75 4 5 0.65 0.53 7.17 0.44 0.55 6 0.82 2.46 0.50 2.76 5.32 5.24 7 0.44 0.01 1.08 0.02 0.37 0.81 8 0.74 3.01 0.83 1.54 3.70 1.22 9 0.61 2.63 1.18 1.36 4.02 1.01 10 2.25 2.54 1.85 3.06 3.13 2.54 11 3.02 0.84 2.24 1.98 0.85 2.09 12 1.85 2.22 2.63 2.71 3.41 2.11 13 1.32 0.76 1.51 0.71 5.06 0.89 14 0.97 3.80 2.78 0.78 0.02 1.16 15 1.27 2.88 4.20 0.55 0.09 1.03 16 0.48 0.46 1.35 0.35 0.01 0.51 17 0.63 0.35 2.04 0.25 0.05 0.45 18 0.49 0.12 0.49 0.45 0.53 0.44 19 0.18 0.15 0.42 0.10 0.00 0.17 20 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.19 0.38 0.17 21 3.69 5.43 6.95 3.73 4.39 6.72 22 6.34 7.99 5.59 7.70 7.85 6.22 23 24 1.79 2.55 3.52 1.73 1.87 3.54 25 3.69 4.77 3.43 4.56 4.44 3.15 26 27 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.02 28 0.009 0.003 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.008 29 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 30 0.063 0.021 0.057 0.056 0.032 0.047 31 0.07 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.08 32 0.054 0.018 0.046 0.046 0.020 0.039 33 9.00 13.00 10.67 16.67 6.00 16.00 34 6.33 7.67 9.67 8.33 5.00 8.33 35 1.74 1.56 1.09 1.52 4.96 1.08 36 2.47 2.65 1.21 3.04 5.95 2.08 37 15.67 20.33 11.67 25.33 29.73 17.33 38 1.42 1.70 1.10 2.00 1.20 1.92 39 64.29 67.07 54.79 77.61 58.18 66.51 40 65.33 72.22 66.13 68.33 78.13 18.46 41 1.02 1.08 1.21 0.88 1.34 0.28 42 69.49 63.24 77.36 77.91 80.49 67.40 43 1.08 0.94 1.41 1.00 1.38 1.01 44 0.92 0.75 1.31 0.97 1.11 0.95 45 131.29 148.82 257.51 64.34 144.60 246.05 46 140.99 689.67 130.22 299.12 1117.74 111.77 47 55.80 46.40 48.20 43.40 42.90 53.30 48 33.01 23.42 34.53 32.51 27.66 33.68 49 35.89 31.09 26.38 33.68 24.98 35.47 50 47.50 37.00 44.60 41.70 34.40 50.00 51 0.85 0.80 0.93 0.96 0.80 0.94 52 294.83 378.00 476.39 197.08 453.24 625.51 53 426.10 582.38 291.40 593.58 947.59 233.35 54 55 0.69 56.35 0.44 11.31 0.79 0.58 56 0.31 0.35 0.47 0.25 0.29 0.47 57 0.33 0.29 0.55 0.31 0.45 0.56 58 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.000 0.002 59 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.000 0.004 60 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.001 61 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 62 0.006 0.005 0.096 0.004 0.006 0.007 63 0.01 0.29 0.01 0.05 0.23 0.29 64 0.209 0.005 0.102 0.002 0.035 0.006 65 1.06 0.82 1.16 1.25 1.52 1.19 66 0.47 0.01 1.25 0.03 0.56 0.96 67 25.38 0.02 20.26 0.04 0.15 0.02 Table 138.

TABLE 139 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions (lines 7-12) Ecotype/ Treatment Line-7 Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 1 0.80 0.28 0.38 2 0.54 0.39 0.97 0.91 0.36 0.35 3 0.38 0.30 1.95 2.53 1.42 2.03 4 0.89 0.35 0.63 5 0.75 0.58 1.27 1.34 0.52 0.57 6 0.61 0.66 2.70 0.70 2.64 4.67 7 0.55 0.36 0.95 0.80 0.34 0.61 8 0.58 0.55 1.06 0.49 1.31 1.36 9 0.61 0.64 0.95 0.51 1.17 1.94 10 1.84 1.52 1.91 1.86 2.47 2.62 11 3.21 2.75 1.81 3.77 1.89 1.93 12 1.95 1.76 1.72 1.92 2.21 3.73 13 0.67 2.17 0.38 1.27 0.84 1.51 14 2.07 1.51 2.41 2.06 0.38 1.64 15 1.39 3.28 0.91 2.62 0.32 2.48 16 0.44 0.47 1.59 0.39 0.32 0.45 17 0.29 1.02 0.60 0.49 0.27 0.68 18 0.21 0.31 0.66 0.19 0.85 0.27 19 0.19 0.24 0.45 0.17 0.12 0.15 20 0.06 0.10 0.27 0.05 0.31 0.12 21 6.66 4.39 3.90 5.29 6.32 5.11 22 6.16 5.65 4.39 4.44 6.77 7.42 23 5.15 3.38 7.14 24 3.28 2.52 2.61 2.61 3.58 2.56 25 3.37 3.13 2.40 2.02 3.80 3.74 26 2.55 2.04 4.17 27 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02 28 0.004 0.006 0.017 0.004 0.015 0.006 29 0.08 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.06 0.12 30 0.058 0.060 0.062 0.083 0.047 0.046 31 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.10 32 0.055 0.054 0.045 0.079 0.033 0.040 33 15.00 6.00 17.00 13.00 8.67 9.33 34 10.00 7.00 9.00 8.00 5.33 8.00 35 0.98 4.94 0.88 0.79 2.12 1.29 36 1.47 4.24 1.67 1.29 3.44 1.50 37 14.67 29.67 15.00 10.33 18.33 12.00 38 1.50 0.86 1.89 1.63 1.63 1.17 39 64.71 75.25 66.23 63.21 56.77 35.96 40 73.21 62.50 67.21 75.76 62.82 70.69 41 1.13 0.83 1.01 1.20 1.11 1.97 42 67.16 66.07 69.57 69.30 100.00 57.66 43 1.04 0.88 1.05 1.10 1.76 1.60 44 0.79 0.92 0.94 1.36 1.44 1.50 45 405.55 299.32 86.19 182.32 160.18 90.10 46 106.29 123.14 104.99 111.88 307.95 419.37 47 58.50 51.10 40.00 47.60 57.90 48.30 48 30.04 35.50 24.81 40.77 47.47 26.06 49 37.87 38.43 26.49 30.07 32.89 17.35 50 44.70 53.70 35.70 58.80 47.50 45.20 51 0.76 1.05 0.89 1.24 0.82 0.94 52 748.01 453.96 164.85 338.30 396.00 236.15 53 340.73 339.11 190.14 421.79 581.33 807.51 54 337.63 130.78 557.93 55 0.73 0.83 0.86 0.50 1.02 0.70 56 0.40 0.30 0.82 0.40 0.35 0.43 57 0.304 0.315 0.308 0.311 8.360 0.288 58 0.001 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.002 0.005 59 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.001 60 0.001 0.001 0.010 0.001 0.001 0.002 61 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.000 62 0.006 0.013 0.021 0.005 0.006 0.047 63 0.006 0.007 0.058 0.007 0.026 0.261 64 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.012 0.005 0.006 65 0.76 1.04 0.38 0.78 24.12 0.67 66 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.62 8.20 0.41 67 0.86 0.74 0.09 1.72 0.17 0.02 Table 139.

TABLE 140 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions (lines 13-18) Ecotype/ Treat- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ment 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 0.63 2.86 1.16 4.40 2 0.57 4.38 2.02 8.13 0.87 3.66 3 1.39 2.27 0.45 0.42 4 2.27 7.40 2.94 11.60 5 0.94 6.17 3.67 11.33 1.06 6.87 6 2.17 0.49 0.34 0.75 7 0.94 0.68 0.40 1.44 0.46 1.07 8 0.51 0.71 0.31 0.47 2.65 0.38 9 0.35 1.06 0.21 0.48 1.72 0.34 10 1.08 1.17 0.92 1.09 4.04 1.21 11 2.14 1.65 3.01 2.29 1.53 3.17 12 0.75 1.76 0.63 1.11 2.62 1.09 13 0.98 1.34 0.38 0.84 1.15 0.73 14 0.41 1.21 4.59 1.70 0.49 1.93 15 0.41 1.62 1.76 1.42 0.57 1.41 16 0.14 0.40 1.44 0.50 0.41 0.66 17 0.14 0.53 0.55 0.41 0.47 0.48 18 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.83 0.34 19 0.12 0.25 0.61 0.31 0.09 0.35 20 0.14 0.17 0.09 0.11 0.35 0.10 21 4.72 6.83 7.10 8.21 6.40 5.92 22 6.71 5.87 4.16 10.29 23 5.48 8.62 6.35 6.77 24 2.48 3.43 3.30 3.69 3.47 1.97 25 2.98 3.22 2.09 5.91 26 3.09 4.69 3.87 2.91 27 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 28 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.017 0.009 29 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.16 0.05 30 0.057 0.036 0.080 0.044 0.047 0.095 31 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.03 32 0.049 0.030 0.072 0.039 0.031 0.085 33 12.67 6.67 9.33 8.00 19.00 5.33 34 7.67 9.00 10.67 9.00 5.67 19.33 35 1.61 1.90 1.36 1.42 0.88 1.22 36 2.65 1.41 1.19 1.26 2.94 0.34 37 20.33 12.67 12.67 11.33 16.67 6.50 38 1.65 0.74 0.88 0.89 3.35 0.28 39 77.62 100.00 63.16 75.13 72.83 76.47 40 55.75 75.22 63.68 62.31 72.12 74.51 41 0.72 0.75 1.01 0.83 0.99 0.97 42 90.79 68.00 59.65 72.17 74.07 99.08 43 1.17 0.68 0.94 0.96 1.02 1.30 44 1.05 0.56 1.48 0.84 0.79 1.37 45 160.99 379.03 531.08 650.68 140.04 317.12 46 365.81 212.93 84.94 469.87 47 43.60 54.50 41.60 59.10 49.70 37.20 48 35.38 30.60 38.97 37.46 28.47 39.04 49 33.82 54.47 26.25 44.43 36.17 28.45 50 39.00 45.00 65.30 51.90 38.40 39.40 51 0.89 0.83 1.57 0.88 0.77 1.06 52 174.58 441.78 489.18 707.80 565.93 384.77 53 784.06 351.80 255.78 1078.10 54 176.67 791.86 517.05 832.27 55 0.38 0.66 0.70 0.33 1.17 0.34 56 0.35 0.45 0.28 0.47 0.53 0.37 57 0.34 0.44 0.27 0.43 0.37 0.41 58 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.002 59 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.001 60 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 61 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 62 0.357 0.037 0.626 0.024 0.191 63 0.029 0.005 0.003 0.009 0.048 0.008 64 0.30 0.14 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.19 65 0.97 0.99 0.95 0.91 0.69 1.11 66 0.91 0.67 0.38 1.31 0.32 1.19 67 10.50 27.89 11.79 9.98 0.19 24.37 Table 140. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in tomato accessions (Seed ID) under all growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 141 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal and stress conditions across tomato ecotypes Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY212 0.70 5.16E−02 2 46 LBY212 0.82 1.29E−02 2 53 LBY213 0.71 2.23E−02 4 45 LBY213 0.86 1.27E−03 4 2 LBY213 0.86 1.45E−03 4 5 LBY213 0.71 2.11E−02 4 7 Table 141. Provided are the correlations (R) between the expression levels yield improving genes and their homologs in various tissues [Expression (Exp) sets, Table 136] and the phenotypic performance [yield, biomass, growth rate and/or vigor components described in Tables 138-140 using the correlation vectors (Corr.) described in Table 137] under normal, low N and drought conditions across tomato ecotypes. P = p value.

II. Correlation of early vigor traits across collection of Tomato ecotypes under 300 mM NaCl, low nitrogen and normal growth conditions—Ten tomato hybrids were grown in 3 repetitive plots, each containing 17 plants, at a net house under semi-hydroponics conditions. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows: Tomato seeds were sown in trays filled with a mix of vermiculite and peat in a 1:1 ratio. Following germination, the trays were transferred to the high salinity solution (300 mM NaCl in addition to the Full Hoagland solution), low nitrogen solution (the amount of total nitrogen was reduced in a 90% from the full Hoagland solution, final amount of 0.8 mM N), or at Normal growth solution (Full Hoagland containing 8 mM N solution, at 28±2° C.). All the plants were grown at 28±2° C.

Full Hoagland solution consists of: KNO₃—0.808 grams/liter, MgSO₄—0.12 grams/liter, KH₂PO₄—0.172 grams/liter and 0.01% (volume/volume) of ‘Super coratin’ micro elements (Iron-EDDHA [ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)]—40.5 grams/liter; Mn—20.2 grams/liter; Zn 10.1 grams/liter; Co 1.5 grams/liter; and Mo 1.1 grams/liter), solution's pH should be 6.5-6.8.

Analyzed tomato tissues—All 10 selected Tomato varieties were sample per each treatment. Two types of tissues [leaves and roots] were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 142 below.

TABLE 142 Tomato transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set IDs Leaf-normal conditions 1 + 10 Root-normal conditions 2 + 9 Leaf-low nitrogen conditions 3 + 8 Root-low nitrogen conditions 4 + 7 Leaf-salinity conditions 5 + 12 Root-salinity conditions 6 + 11 Table 142. Provided are the tomato transcriptome experimental sets.

Tomato vigor related parameters—following 5 weeks of growing, plant were harvested and analyzed for leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll levels (SPAD units), different indices of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and plant biomass. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute). Data parameters collected are summarized in Table 143, herein below.

Leaf number—number of opened leaves.

RGR Leaf Number—was calculated based on Formula VIII (above).

Shoot/Root ratio—was calculated based on Formula XXX (above).

NUE total biomass—nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) calculated as total biomass divided by nitrogen concentration.

NUE root biomass—nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of root growth calculated as root biomass divided by nitrogen concentration.

NUE shoot biomass—nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of shoot growth calculated as shoot biomass divided by nitrogen concentration.

Percent of reduction of root biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between root biomass under normal and under low nitrogen conditions.

Percent of reduction of shoot biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between shoot biomass under normal and under low nitrogen conditions.

Percent of reduction of total biomass compared to normal—the difference (reduction in percent) between total biomass (shoot and root) under normal and under low nitrogen conditions.

Plant height—Plants were characterized for height during growing period at 5 time points. In each measure, plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest leaf.

SPAD [SPAD unit]—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Root Biomass [DW, gr.]/SPAD—root biomass divided by SPAD results.

Shoot Biomass [DW, gr.]/SPAD—shoot biomass divided by SPAD results.

Total Biomass (Root+Shoot) [DW, gr.]/SPAD—total biomass divided by SPAD results.

TABLE 143 Tomato correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID Leaf number (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) [ratio]  1 Leaf number (Salinity conditions/Normal conditions) [ratio]  2 Leaf number (Salinity conditions/Low N conditions) [ratio]  3 N level/Leaf [SPAD unit/leaf] (Low N conditions, Normal  4 conditions and salinity conditions) NUE roots (Root Biomass DW/SPAD) [gr./SPAD unit]  5 (Low N conditions and Normal conditions) NUE shoots (shoot Biomass DW/SPAD) [gr./SPAD unit]  6 (Low N conditions and Normal conditions) NUE total biomass (Total Biomass DW/SPAD)  7 [gr./SPAD unit] (Low N conditions and Normal conditions) Percent of reduction of root biomass compared to normal  8 [%] (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) [ratio] Percent of reduction of shoot biomass compared to normal  9 [%] (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) [ratio] Plant Height (Low N conditions /Normal conditions) [ratio] 10 Plant Height (Salinity conditions /Low N conditions) [ratio] 11 Plant Height (Salinity conditions /Normal conditions) [ratio] 12 Plant biomass (Salinity conditions) [gr.] 13 Plant height (Low N conditions) [cm] 14 Plant height (Salinity conditions) [cm] 15 Plant height (Normal conditions) [cm] 16 NUE Root Biomass DW/SPAD [gr./SPAD unit] (Low N 17 conditions and Normal conditions) SPAD (Low N conditions/Normal conditions) [ratio] 18 SPAD (Low N conditions) [SPAD unit] 19 SPAD (Normal conditions) [SPAD unit] 20 NUE Shoot Biomass DW/SPAD [gr./SPAD unit] (Low N 21 conditions, Normal conditions and salinity conditions) Shoot/Root [ratio] (Low N conditions and Normal 22 conditions) NUE Total Biomass (Root + Shoot DW)/SPAD 23 [gr/SPAD unit] (Low N conditions, Normal conditions and salinity conditions) Plant height (Normal conditions) [cm] 24 Leaf number (Low N conditions) [number] 25 Leaf number (Normal conditions) [number] 26 Leaf number (Salinity conditions) [number] 27 Table 143. Provided are the tomato correlated parameters. “NUE” = nitrogen use efficiency; “DW” = dry weight; “cm” = centimeter; “num”−number; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “gr” = gram;

Experiment Results

10 different Tomato varieties were grown and characterized for parameters as described above (Table 143). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 144-147 below. Subsequent correlation analysis was conducted (Table 148). Follow, results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 144 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions under low nitrogen conditions Line/Corr. ID 1 10 14 18 19 24 25 4 5 Line-1 0.85 0.810 36.78 1.01 34.57 45.33 5.56 10.854 6.99 Line-2 0.90 0.830 39.89 0.98 24.87 47.78 6.22 11.409 2.54 Line-3 0.98 0.840 34.44 1.02 28.58 40.78 7.22 Line-4 1.09 0.850 47.00 1.00 31.58 55.33 6.78 10.438 7.04 Line-5 0.88 0.830 46.44 0.98 29.72 56.22 5.56 11.169 5.04 Line-6 1.02 0.930 45.44 0.98 31.83 48.67 6.56 8.929 8.01 Line-7 0.87 0.850 47.67 0.93 30.33 55.78 5.11 7.926 15.09 Line-8 1.06 1.050 39.33 1.05 30.29 37.44 5.89 7.993 9.02 Line-9 0.91 0.840 41.78 1.01 31.32 49.56 5.56 10.304 8.78 Line-10 1.12 0.880 41.00 0.99 28.77 46.33 6.33 8.585 7.25 Line-11 11.528 7.73 Line-12 14.491 15.94 Table 144. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Tomato accessions (Line) under low nitrogen growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 145 Additional measured parameters in Tomato accessions under low nitrogen conditions Line/ Corr. ID 6 7 8 9 17 21 22 23 Line-1 35.35 58.47 62.592 75.380 0.00082 0.0041 5.010 0.0050 Line-2 24.09 63.75 54.158 55.112 0.00032 0.0030 11.393 0.0034 Line-3 Line-4 65.02 69.29 70.547 49.726 0.00079 0.0072 9.494 0.0080 Line-5 46.71 71.1 59.685 63.189 0.00055 0.0049 11.600 0.0055 Line-6 46.67 60.54 96.129 82.667 0.00086 0.0052 8.200 0.0060 Line-7 120.07 73.9 106.502 66.924 0.00139 0.0115 10.375 0.0129 Line-8 60.09 68.81 111.905 107.982 0.00103 0.0069 10.523 0.0079 Line-9 66.27 66.74 81.644 55.401 0.00088 0.0068 8.242 0.0077 Line-10 56.46 70.82 32.214 54.433 0.00086 0.0067 7.967 0.0076 Line-11 38.35 69.7 143.714 62.155 0.00085 0.0042 6.414 0.0050 Line-12 60.32 49.72 87.471 59.746 0.00148 0.0056 3.909 0.0070 Table 145. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Tomato accessions (Line) under low nitrogen growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 146 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 16 20 26 4 5 6 7 17 21 22 23 Line-1 45.33 34.30 6.56 9.29 1.12 4.69 7.47 0.0012 0.0052 5.40 0.0064 Line-2 47.78 25.31 6.89 8.87 0.47 4.37 8.63 0.0006 0.0052 10.02 0.0058 Line-3 40.78 28.12 7.33 Line-4 55.33 31.43 6.22 8.43 1 13.08 8.85 0.0011 0.0144 15.42 0.0155 Line-5 56.22 30.24 6.33 9.83 0.84 7.39 7.22 0.0010 0.0084 8.83 0.0093 Line-6 48.67 32.43 6.44 8.57 0.83 5.65 7.87 0.0011 0.0054 7.52 0.0065 Line-7 55.78 32.58 5.89 6.57 0.94 17.94 9.09 0.0014 0.0174 12.61 0.0188 Line-8 37.44 28.77 5.56 6.97 0.81 5.56 7.91 0.0010 0.0072 7.99 0.0082 Line-9 49.56 30.92 6.11 8.71 1.08 11.96 8.55 0.0010 0.0109 14.31 0.0119 Line-10 46.33 28.99 5.67 7.35 2.25 10.37 8.68 0.0025 0.0117 4.80 0.0143 Line-11 10.18 0.54 6.17 9.1 0.0005 0.0061 12.65 0.0066 Line-12 9.37 1.82 10.1 6.24 0.0017 0.0094 6.29 0.0110 Table 146. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Tomato accessions (Line) under normal growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 147 Measured parameters in Tomato accessions under salinity conditions Line/ Corr. ID 2 3 11 12 13 15 27 4 21 17 23 Line-1 0.54 0.64 0.15 0.12 0.36 5.60 3.56 11.40 0.0005 0.000060 0.0007 Line-2 0.57 0.63 0.16 0.14 0.44 6.46 3.94 11.64 0.0007 0.000107 0.0008 Line-3 0.68 0.69 0.25 0.21 0.26 8.47 5.00 Line-4 0.64 0.59 0.18 0.15 0.71 8.56 4.00 10.79 0.0012 0.000095 0.0014 Line-5 0.56 0.64 0.19 0.16 0.46 8.87 3.56 10.78 0.0017 0.000068 0.0018 Line-6 0.68 0.67 0.17 0.16 0.54 7.56 4.39 6.95 0.0010 0.000087 0.0011 Line-7 0.54 0.62 0.18 0.15 0.66 8.64 3.17 9.21 0.0012 0.000099 0.0013 Line-8 0.67 0.63 0.14 0.15 0.40 5.57 3.72 8.54 0.0007 0.000083 0.0008 Line-9 0.65 0.72 0.14 0.12 0.52 5.82 4.00 10.37 0.0010 0.000094 0.0011 Line-10 0.75 0.68 0.23 0.20 0.45 9.36 4.28 8.84 0.0010 Line-11 10.43 0.0007 0.000054 0.0006 Line-12 12.43 0.0007 0.000055 0.0007 Table 147. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Tomato accessions (Line) under salinity growth conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 148 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low nitrogen, normal or salinity stress conditions across Tomato accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY212 0.75 3.13E−02 3 25 LBY213 0.81 1.38E−02 3 10 LBY213 0.85 3.95E−03 3 9 LBY213 0.74 2.18E−02 3 8 Table 148. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance Corr. ID-correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 143. Exp. Set-Expression set specified in Table 142. R = Pearson correlation coefficient; P = p value.

Example 17 Plant Fiber Development in Cotton Production of Cotton Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using Cotton Oligonucleotide Microarray

In order to conduct high throughput gene expression correlation analysis, the present inventors used cotton oligonucleotide microarray, designed and produced by “Comparative Evolutionary Genomics of Cotton” [cottonevolution (dot) info/]. This Cotton Oligonucleotide Microarray is composed of 12,006 Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) oligonucleotides derived from an assembly of more than 180,000 Gossypium ESTs sequenced from 30 cDNA libraries. For additional details see PCT/IL2005/000627 and PCT/IL2007/001590 which are fully incorporated herein by reference.

TABLE 149 Cotton transcriptome experimental sets Expression Set Set ID cotton fiber 5d 1 cotton fiber 15d 2 cotton fiber 10d 3 Table 149. Provided are the cotton transcriptome expression sets. “5d” = 5 days post anthesis; “10d” = 10 days post anthesis; “15d” = 15 days post anthesis. “DPA” = days-past-anthesis.

In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and fiber length, fibers from 8 different cotton lines were analyzed. These fibers were selected showing very good fiber quality and high lint index (Pima types, originating from other cotton species, namely G. barbadense), different levels of quality and lint indexes from various G. hirsutum lines: good quality and high lint index (Acala type), and poor quality and short lint index (Tamcot type, and old varieties). A summary of the fiber length of the different lines is provided in Table 150.

Experimental Procedures

RNA extraction—Fiber development stages, representing different fiber characteristics, at 5, 10 and 15 DPA were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above.

Fiber length assessment—Fiber length of the selected cotton lines was measured using fibrograph. The fibrograph system was used to compute length in terms of “Upper Half Mean” length. The upper half mean (UHM) is the average length of longer half of the fiber distribution. The fibrograph measures length in span lengths at a given percentage point World Wide Web (dot) cottoninc (dot) com/ClassificationofCotton/?Pg=4#Length].

Experimental Results

Eight different cotton lines were grown, and their fiber length was measured. The fibers UHM values are summarized in Table 150 herein below. The R square was calculated (Table 151).

TABLE 150 Summary of the fiber length of the 8 different cotton lines Line/Correlation ID Fiber Length (UHM) Line-1 1.21 Line-2 1.10 Line-3 1.36 Line-4 1.26 Line-5 0.89 Line-6 1.01 Line-7 1.06 Line-8 1.15 Table 150: Presented are the fiber length means of 8 different cotton lines.

TABLE 151 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions in cotton Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY48 0.73 6.24E−02 3 1 LBY53 0.74 3.67E−02 2 1 LBY93 0.81 1.59E−02 1 1 LBY96 0.73 4.06E−02 2 1 Table 151. Correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. Corr. = correlation; set ID 1 = fiber length. Exp. Set- Expression set (according to Table 149). R = Pearson correlation coefficient; P = p value.

Example 18 Production of Cotton Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield and ABST Related Parameters Using 60K Cotton Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a cotton oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60,000 cotton genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with ABST and yield and components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 13 different cotton ecotypes were analyzed and further used for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Correlation of Cotton Varieties Across Ecotypes Grown Under Regular and Drought Growth Conditions

Experimental Procedures

13 Cotton ecotypes were grown in 5-11 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

Regular growth conditions: Cotton plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols [623 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period, fertilization of 24 units of 12% nitrogen, 12 units of 6% phosphorous and 12 units of 6% potassium per entire growth periods]. Plot size was of 5 meter long, two rows, 8 plants per meter.

Drought growth conditions: Cotton seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition until first squares were visible (40 days from sowing), and then drought treatment was induced by irrigating with 75% water in comparison to the normal treatment [472 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period], while maintaining normal fertilization.

Analyzed Cotton tissues—Eight tissues [mature leaf, lower and upper main stem, flower, main mature boll, fruit, ovule with fiber (Day) and ovule with fiber (Night)] from plants growing under normal conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above.

Eight tissues [mature leaf (Day), mature leaf (Night), lower main stem, upper main stem, main flower, main mature boll, ovule and fiber (Day) and ovule with fiber (night)] from plants growing under drought conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above.

Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 152-154 below.

TABLE 152 Cotton transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions (normal expression set 1) Expression Set Set ID Fruit at 10 DPA at reproductive stage under 1 normal growth conditions Lower main stem at reproductive stage under 2 normal growth conditions Main flower at reproductive stage under 3 normal growth conditions Main mature boll at reproductive stage under 4 normal growth conditions Mature leaf (day) at reproductive stage 5 normal growth conditions Mature leaf (night) at reproductive stage 6 normal growth conditions Ovule and fiber (day) at reproductive stage 7 normal growth conditions Ovule and fiber (night) at reproductive stage 8 normal growth conditions Upper main stem at reproductive stage under 9 normal growth conditions Table 152: Provided are the cotton transcriptome expression sets. “Mature leaf” = Full expanded leaf; Lower main stem = the main stem adjacent to main mature boll; Upper main stem = the main stem adjacent to the main flower; Main flower = reproductive organ on the third position on the main stem (position 3); Fruit at 10 DPA = reproductive organ ten days after anthesis on the main stem (position 2); Main mature boll = reproductive organ on the first position on the main stem (position 1). “DPA” = days post anthesis.

TABLE 153 Additional Cotton transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions (normal expression set 2) Expression Set Set ID Mature leaf at reproductive stage during day under 1 normal growth conditions Ovule and fiber at reproductive stage during day 2 under normal growth conditions Ovule and fiber at reproductive stage during 3 night under normal growth conditions Table 153: Provided are the cotton transcriptome expression sets. “Mature leaf” = Full expanded leaf; Ovule and fiber were sampled either at day or night hours.

TABLE 154 Cotton transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions (drought expression set 1) Expression Set Set ID Lower main stem at reproductive stage under 1 drought growth conditions Main flower at reproductive stage under 2 drought growth conditions Main mature boll at reproductive stage under 3 drought growth conditions Mature leaf during night at reproductive stage 4 under drought growth conditions Ovule with fiber at reproductive stage during 5 day under drought growth conditions Ovule with fiber at reproductive stage during 6 night under drought growth conditions Upper main stem at reproductive stage under 7 drought growth conditions Table 154: Provided are the cotton transcriptome expression sets. Lower main stem = the main stem adjacent to main mature boll; Upper main stem = the main stem adjacent to the main flower; Main flower = reproductive organ on the third position on the main stem (position 3); Main mature boll = reproductive organ on the first position on the main stem (position 1); Ovule and fiber were sampled either at day or night hours.

Cotton yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—13 Cotton ecotypes in 5-11 repetitive plots, each plot containing approximately 80 plants were grown in field. Plants were regularly fertilized and watered during plant growth until harvesting (as recommended for commercial growth). Plants were continuously phenotyped during the growth period and at harvest (Tables 155-156). The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

The following parameters were measured and collected:

Total Bolls yield (RP) [gr.]—Total boll weight (including fiber) per plot.

Total bolls yield per plant (RP) [gr.]—Total boll weight (including fiber) per plot divided by the number of plants.

Fiber yield (RP) [gr.]—Total fiber weight per plot.

Fiber yield per plant (RP) [gr.]—Total fiber weight in plot divided by the number of plants.

Fiber yield per boll (RP) [gr.]-Total fiber weight in plot divided by the number of bolls.

Estimated Average Fiber yield (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.]—Weight of the fiber on the main branch in position 1 at harvest.

Estimated Average Fiber yield (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.]—Weight of the fiber on the main branch in position 3 at harvest.

Estimated Average Bolls FW (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.]—Weight of the fiber on the main branch in position 1 at harvest.

Estimated Average Bolls FW (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.]—Weight of the fiber on the main branch in position 3 at harvest.

Fiber Length (RP)—Measure Fiber Length in inch from the rest of the plot.

Fiber Length Position 1 (SP)—Fiber length at position 1 from the selected plants. Measure Fiber Length in inch.

Fiber Length Position 3 (SP)—Fiber length at position 3 from the selected plants. Measure Fiber Length in inch.

Fiber Strength (RP)—Fiber Strength from the rest of the plot. Measured in grams per denier.

Fiber Strength Position 3 (SP)—Fiber strength at position 3 from the selected plants. Measured in grams per denier.

Micronaire (RP)—fiber fineness and maturity from the rest of the plot. The scale that was used was 3.7-4.2-for Premium; 4.3-4.9-Base Range; above 5-Discount Range.

Micronaire Position 1 (SP)—fiber fineness and maturity from position 1 from the selected plants. The scale that was used was 3.7-4.2-for Premium; 4.3-4.9-Base Range; above 5-Discount Range.

Micronaire Position 3 (SP)—fiber fineness and maturity from position 3 from the selected plants. The scale that was used was 3.7-4.2-for Premium; 4.3-4.9-Base Range; above 5-Discount Range.

Short Fiber Content (RP (%)—short fiber content from the rest of the plot.

Uniformity (RP) (%)—fiber uniformity from the rest of the plot.

Carbon isotope discrimination—(‰)—isotopic ratio of 13 C to 12 C in plant tissue was compared to the isotopic ratio of 13 C to 12 C in the atmosphere measured in units of Per-mille (‰), i.e., parts per thousand, e.g., 1‰= 1/1000=0.001.

Leaf temp (V) (° celsius)—leaf temperature was measured at vegetative stage using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on 4 plants per plot.

Leaf temp (10DPA) (° celsius)—Leaf temperature was measured 10 days post anthesis using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on 4 plants per plot.

Stomatal conductance (10DPA)—(mmol m⁻² s⁻¹)—plants were evaluated for their stomata conductance using SC-1 Leaf Porometer (Decagon devices) 10 days post anthesis. Stomata conductance readings were done on fully developed leaf, for 2 leaves and 2 plants per plot.

Stomatal conductance (17DPA)—(mmol m⁻² s⁻¹)—plants were evaluated for their stomata conductance using SC-1 Leaf Porometer (Decagon devices) 17 days post anthesis. Stomata conductance readings were done on fully developed leaf, for 2 leaves and 2 plants per plot.

% Canopy coverage (10DPA) (F)—percent Canopy coverage 10 days post anthesis and at flowering stage. The % Canopy coverage is calculated using Formula XXXII above.

Leaf area (10 DPA) (cm²)—Total green leaves area 10 days post anthesis.

PAR_LAI (10 DPA)—Photosynthetically active radiation 10 days post anthesis.

SPAD (17 DPA) [SPAD unit]—Plants were characterized for SPAD rate 17 days post anthesis. Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter. Four measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

SPAD (pre F)—Plants were characterized for SPAD rate during pre-flowering stage. Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter. Four measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

SPAD rate—the relative growth rate (RGR) of SPAD (Formula IV) as described above.

Leaf mass fraction (10DPA) [cm²/g]—leaf mass fraction 10 days post anthesis. The leaf mass fraction is calculated using Formula XXXIII above.

Lower Stem width (H) [mm]—This parameter was measured at harvest. Lower internodes from 8 plants per plot were separated from the plant and the diameter was measured using a caliber. The average internode width per plant was calculated by dividing the total stem width by the number of plants.

Upper Stem width (H) [mm]—This parameter was measured at harvest. Upper internodes from 8 plants per plot were separated from the plant and the diameter was measured using a caliber. The average internode width per plant was calculated by dividing the total stem width by the number of plants.

Plant height (H) [cm]—plants were measured for their height at harvest using a measuring tape. Height of main stem was measured from ground to apical meristem base. Average of eight plants per plot was calculated.

Plant height growth [cm/day]—the relative growth rate (RGR) of Plant Height (Formula III above) as described above.

Shoot DW (V) [gr.]—Shoot dry weight at vegetative stage after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours. Total weight of 3 plants in a plot.

Shoot DW (10DPA) [gr.]—Shoot dry weight at 10 days post anthesis, after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours. Total weight of 3 plants in a plot.

Bolls number per plant (RP) [num]—Average bolls number per plant from the rest of the plot.

Reproductive period duration [num]—number of days from flowering to harvest for each plot.

Closed Bolls number per plant (RP) [num]—Average closed bolls number per plant from the rest of the plot.

Closed Bolls number per plant (SP) [num]—Average closed bolls number per plant from selected plants.

Open Bolls number per plant (SP) [num]—Average open bolls number per plant from selected plants, average of eight plants per plot.

Number of lateral branches with open bolls (H) [num]—count of number of lateral branches with open bolls at harvest, average of eight plants per plot.

Number of nodes with open bolls (MS) (H) [num]—count of number of nodes with open bolls on main stem at harvest, average of eight plants per plot.

Seeds yield per plant (RP) [gr.]—Total weight of seeds in plot divided in plants number.

Estimated Average Seeds yield (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.]—Total weight of seeds in position one per plot divided by plants number.

Estimated Average Seeds yield (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.]—Total weight of seeds in position three per plot divided by plants number.

Estimated Average Seeds number (MB) po_1 (H) [num]—Total number of seeds in position one per plot divided by plants number.

Estimated Average Seeds number (MB) po_3 (H) [num]—Total number of seeds in position three per plot divided by plants number.

1000 seeds weight (RP) [gr.]—was calculated based on Formula XIV.

Experimental Results

13 different cotton varieties were grown and characterized for different parameters (Tables 155-160). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 157-162) and a subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets (Tables 152-154) and the average parameters, was conducted (Tables 163-165). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 155 Cotton correlated parameters under normal growth conditions (vectors) (parameters set 1) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID % Canopy coverage (10 DPA) [%]  1 1000 seeds weight (RP) [gr.]  2 Bolls num per plant (RP) [number]  3 Closed Bolls num per plant (RP) [number]  4 Closed Bolls num per plant (SP) [number]  5 Fiber Length (RP) [in]  6 Fiber Length Position 3 (SP) [in]  7 Fiber Strength (RP) [in]  8 Fiber Strength Position 3 (SP) [gr./denier]  9 Fiber yield per boll (RP) [gr.] 10 Fiber yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 11 Leaf area (10 DPA) [cm²] 12 Lower Stem width (H) [mm] 13 Micronaire (RP) [scoring 3.7-5] 14 Micronaire Position 3 (SP) [scoring 3.7-5] 15 Num of lateral branches with open bolls (H) 16 [number] Num of nodes with open bolls (MS) (H) 17 [number] Open Bolls num per plant (SP) [number] 18 PAR_LAI (10 DPA) [μmol m⁻² S⁻¹] 19 Plant height (H) [cm] 20 Plant height growth [cm/day] 21 Reproductive period duration [number] 22 SPAD (17 DPA) [SPAD unit] 23 SPAD (pre F) [SPAD unit] 24 SPAD rate [SPAD unit/day] 25 Seeds yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 26 Shoot DW (10 DPA) [gr.] 27 Shoot DW (V) [gr.] 28 Shoot FW (10 DPA) [gr.] 29 Shoot FW (V) [gr.] 30 Total Bolls yield (SP) [gr.] 31 Upper Stem width (H) [mm] 32 bolls num in position 1 [number] 33 bolls num in position 3 [number] 34 estimated Avr Bolls FW (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.] 35 estimated Avr Bolls FW (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.] 36 estimated Avr Fiber yield (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.] 37 estimated Avr Fiber yield (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.] 38 estimated Avr Seeds num (MB) po_1 (H) 39 [number] estimated Avr Seeds num (MB) po_3 (H) 40 [number] estimated Avr Seeds yield (MB) po_1 (H) [gr.] 41 estimated Avr Seeds yield (MB) po_3 (H) [gr.] 42 Leaf mass fraction (10 DPA) [cm²/gr.] 43 Table 155. Provided are the Cotton correlated parameters (vectors). “RP”—Rest of plot; “SP” = selected plants; “gr.” = grams; “H” = Harvest; “in”—inch; “SP”—Selected plants; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “DPA”—Days post anthesis; “mm”—millimeter; “cm”—centimeter; “num”—number; “Avr” = average; “DPA” = days post anthesis; “v” = vegetative stage; “H” = harvest stage;

TABLE 156 Cotton correlated parameters under normal and drought growth conditions (vectors) (parameters set 2) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID % Canopy coverage (10 DPA) [%]  1 1000 seeds weight (RP) [gr.]  2 Bolls num per plant (RP) [number]  3 Closed Bolls num per plant (RP) [number]  4 Closed Bolls num per plant (SP) [number]  5 Fiber Length (RP) [in]  6 Fiber Length Position 1 (SP) [in]  7 Fiber Length Position 3 (SP) [in]  8 Fiber Strength (RP) [in]  9 Fiber Strength Position 3 (SP) [gr./denier] 10 Fiber yield (RP) [gr.] 11 Fiber yield per boll (RP) [gr.] 12 Fiber yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 13 Leaf area (10 DPA) [cm2] 14 Lower Stem width (H) [mm] 15 Micronaire (RP) [scoring 3.7-5] 16 Micronaire Position 1 (SP) [scoring 3.7-5] 17 Micronaire Position 3 (SP) [scoring 3.7-5] 18 Num of lateral branches with open bolls 19 (H) [number] Num of nodes with open bolls (MS) (H) 20 [number] Open Bolls num per plant (SP) [number] 21 PAR_LAI (10 DPA) [μmol m⁻²S⁻¹] 22 Plant height (H) [cm] 23 Plant height growth [cm/day] 24 Reproductive period duration [number] 25 SPAD (17 DPA) [SPAD unit] 26 SPAD (pre F) [SPAD unit] 27 SPAD rate [SPAD unit/day] 28 Seeds yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 29 Shoot DW (10 DPA) [gr.] 30 Shoot DW (V) [gr.] 31 Short Fiber Content (RP) [%] 32 Stomatal conductance (10 DPA) 33 [mmol m⁻²s⁻¹] Stomatal conductance (17 DPA) 34 [mmol m⁻²s⁻¹] Total Bolls yield (RP) [gr.] 35 Total Bolls yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 36 Uniformity (RP) [%] 37 Upper Stem width (H) [mm] 38 Carbon isotope discrimination (%) 39 Estimated Avr Bolls FW (MB) po_1 40 (H) [gr.] Estimated Avr Bolls FW (MB) po_3 41 (H) [gr.] Estimated Avr Fiber yield (MB) po_1 42 (H) [gr.] Estimated Avr Fiber yield (MB) po_3 43 (H) [gr.] Estimated Avr Seeds num (MB) po_1 (H) 44 [number] Estimated Avr Seeds num (MB) po_3 (H) 45 [number] Estimated Avr Seeds yield (MB) po_1 (H) 46 [number] Estimated Avr Seeds yield (MB) po_3 47 (H) [gr.] Leaf mass fraction (10 DPA) [cm²/gr.] 48 Leaf temp (10 DPA) [° C.] 49 Leaf temp (V) [° C.] 50 Table 156. Provided are the Cotton correlated parameters (vectors).“RP”—Rest of plot; “SP” = selected plants; “gr.” = grams; “H” = Harvest; “in”—inch; “SP”—Selected plants; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “DPA”—Days post anthesis; “mm”—millimeter; “cm”—centimeter; “num”—number; “Avr” = average; “DPA” = days post anthesis; “v” = vegetative stage; “H” = harvest stage;

TABLE 157 Measured parameters in Cotton accessions (1-7) under normal conditions (parameters set 1) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 84.01 94.86 92.93 89.23 84.88 87.15 79.89 2 105.24 113.64 98.49 84.74 111.74 82.47 91.64 3 11.01 19.11 11.83 15.49 22.62 11.78 13.45 4 4.23 NA NA NA NA NA 4.56 5 5.55 2.08 3.39 2.09 3.07 2.41 5.89 6 1.159 1.279 1.146 1.117 1.411 1.073 0.895 7 1.150 1.295 1.142 1.100 1.435 0.962 0.842 8 28.80 34.47 25.88 29.20 39.66 22.60 22.58 9 29.60 36.55 26.17 29.63 39.53 20.10 21.57 10 2.30 1.37 2.22 1.81 1.12 0.40 1.80 11 25.18 26.00 25.37 27.87 25.35 4.67 24.02 12 7007.67 6622.34 5544.74 8196.02 8573.30 8155.29 5291.27 13 12.79 13.71 11.83 12.38 12.97 10.92 12.97 14 4.31 3.63 3.95 4.37 4.10 6.05 5.01 15 4.57 3.89 3.99 4.71 4.75 5.69 5.25 16 1.02 1.46 0.81 0.96 1.21 1.69 1.29 17 8.15 10.90 9.00 11.04 10.14 7.85 8.48 18 11.98 22.56 11.80 18.75 27.65 16.42 15.00 19 5.67 6.87 6.45 5.86 5.61 6.59 4.09 20 112.80 110.77 100.59 115.45 103.26 98.52 121.91 21 1.864 1.998 1.729 1.724 1.662 1.719 2.086 22 121.33 108.11 108.00 103.80 102.88 108.00 126.00 23 34.29 33.52 31.41 29.66 37.10 27.43 33.39 24 32.13 35.30 35.99 35.80 35.03 32.92 35.89 25 0.040 −0.059 −0.255 −0.219 0.103 −0.291 −0.142 26 32.49 34.86 32.48 35.06 36.32 26.74 33.06 27 169.15 183.58 171.09 172.70 190.03 149.03 193.14 28 39.20 64.68 44.79 38.06 46.23 36.68 48.20 29 842.47 792.64 804.23 766.97 745.20 725.93 922.57 30 168.94 256.04 194.76 155.69 154.56 172.13 193.28 31 505.37 564.21 544.17 585.47 536.54 317.18 488.33 32 3.02 3.64 3.32 3.13 3.23 2.73 2.80 33 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 34 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 35 6.62 4.88 7.08 5.34 4.08 3.58 5.66 36 6.42 2.93 5.95 4.16 2.72 2.73 5.13 37 2.53 1.88 2.69 2.02 1.50 0.38 2.04 38 2.46 1.13 2.34 1.69 1.06 0.50 1.87 39 31.56 24.16 36.01 31.31 20.94 32.59 30.77 40 31.23 15.50 33.29 26.13 14.87 31.25 32.63 41 3.33 2.70 3.83 2.99 2.43 3.02 3.03 42 3.29 1.58 3.06 2.19 1.64 2.29 2.76 43 41.10 36.48 33.99 47.95 44.56 54.74 28.14 Table 157. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 158 Measured parameters in additional Cotton accessions (8-13) under normal conditions (parameters set 1) Line/Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 1 85.19 83.55 84.53 95.90 95.92 83.89 2 116.68 99.58 99.55 97.72 102.72 109.95 3 21.94 13.92 11.56 17.33 14.98 12.15 4 NA NA 3.16 1.11 NA NA 5 2.34 3.75 3.31 1.84 2.74 3.09 6 1.376 1.181 1.119 1.122 1.185 1.179 7 1.406 1.138 1.072 1.107 1.204 1.196 8 42.63 28.87 25.87 28.98 30.82 29.77 9 42.70 28.38 23.67 30.30 31.97 30.53 10 1.24 2.23 1.99 1.18 1.74 2.39 11 26.64 30.80 23.14 20.49 25.97 29.14 12 8854.54 5650.67 6003.34 6691.84 9004.97 7268.00 13 13.07 14.26 11.84 14.48 12.57 14.00 14 3.88 3.98 4.10 4.55 4.76 4.93 15 4.48 4.19 4.51 4.21 4.25 4.74 16 1.13 0.80 0.58 0.13 0.15 0.71 17 11.29 10.83 8.73 12.33 9.19 10.65 18 30.29 17.90 12.40 19.56 14.67 15.67 19 5.63 5.62 5.33 7.41 7.54 5.51 20 102.22 127.29 105.85 151.27 117.64 119.24 21 1.631 2.068 1.860 1.573 1.868 1.942 22 102.71 104.36 126.00 145.17 109.50 106.17 23 33.79 31.91 32.87 22.08 28.07 31.13 24 33.63 35.26 38.12 32.77 34.44 35.33 25 −0.083 −0.132 −0.243 −0.515 −0.244 −0.237 26 39.54 39.68 30.15 47.61 37.79 35.85 27 196.45 199.76 179.43 134.30 198.46 165.53 28 50.81 51.71 39.70 35.34 42.12 42.05 29 802.23 861.63 930.97 591.63 911.42 791.81 30 230.40 176.68 176.53 163.68 164.66 170.94 31 620.54 715.10 421.32 531.77 405.27 715.72 32 2.99 3.45 2.88 3.40 3.28 3.29 33 5.0 5.0 5.0 NA 5.0 5.0 34 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 35 3.13 6.37 6.14 NA 4.95 6.95 36 3.31 4.71 5.44 4.14 4.60 6.25 37 1.14 2.47 2.29 NA 1.77 2.92 38 1.19 1.91 2.02 1.12 1.65 2.65 39 15.45 31.45 29.29 NA 25.62 34.56 40 18.21 25.13 28.98 29.15 25.92 32.67 41 1.87 3.21 3.00 NA 2.82 3.87 42 2.06 2.25 2.65 2.73 2.55 3.56 43 45.41 28.05 33.48 47.94 45.95 44.01 Table 158. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 159 Measured parameters in Cotton accessions (1-7) under normal conditions (parameters set 2) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 84.01 94.86 92.93 89.23 84.88 87.15 79.89 2 105.24 113.64 98.49 84.74 111.74 82.47 91.64 3 11.01 19.11 11.83 15.49 22.62 11.78 13.45 4 4.23 NA NA NA NA NA 4.56 5 5.55 2.08 3.39 2.09 3.07 2.41 5.89 6 1.159 1.279 1.146 1.117 1.411 1.073 0.895 7 1.185 1.285 1.156 1.178 1.407 0.979 0.958 8 1.150 1.295 1.142 1.100 1.435 0.962 0.842 9 28.80 34.47 25.88 29.20 39.66 22.60 22.58 10 29.60 36.55 26.17 29.63 39.53 20.10 21.57 11 956.33 854.00 822.67 882.33 756.67 165.00 700.33 12 2.30 1.37 2.22 1.81 1.12 0.40 1.80 13 25.18 26.00 25.37 27.87 25.35 4.67 24.02 14 7007.67 6622.34 5544.74 8196.02 8573.30 8155.29 5291.27 15 12.79 13.71 11.83 12.38 12.97 10.92 12.97 16 4.31 3.63 3.95 4.37 4.10 6.05 5.01 17 4.675 3.665 4.593 5.200 4.063 6.300 5.620 18 4.568 3.885 3.987 4.713 4.753 5.690 5.247 19 1.021 1.458 0.813 0.958 1.208 1.688 1.292 20 8.15 10.90 9.00 11.04 10.14 7.85 8.48 21 11.98 22.56 11.80 18.75 27.65 16.42 15.00 22 5.67 6.87 6.45 5.86 5.61 6.59 4.09 23 112.80 110.77 100.59 115.45 103.26 98.52 121.91 24 1.86 2.00 1.73 1.72 1.66 1.72 2.09 25 121.33 108.11 108.00 103.80 102.88 108.00 126.00 26 34.29 33.52 31.41 29.66 37.10 27.43 33.39 27 32.132 35.297 35.994 35.800 35.033 32.921 35.892 28 0.040 −0.059 −0.255 −0.219 0.103 −0.291 −0.142 29 32.49 34.86 32.48 35.06 36.32 26.74 33.06 30 169.15 183.58 171.09 172.70 190.03 149.03 193.14 31 39.20 64.68 44.79 38.06 46.23 36.68 48.20 32 8.08 6.22 10.17 10.80 4.84 11.80 12.60 33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 2379.00 2148.89 2050.17 2156.33 1934.22 1221.25 1773.33 36 62.64 65.36 63.24 67.97 64.78 32.52 60.83 37 82.40 83.59 80.90 81.00 84.23 78.45 77.32 38 3.022 3.638 3.316 3.125 3.225 2.728 2.799 39 −28.30 −28.43 −28.22 −28.17 −28.81 −28.77 −28.37 40 6.62 4.88 7.08 5.34 4.08 3.58 5.66 41 6.42 2.93 5.95 4.16 2.72 2.73 5.13 42 2.53 1.88 2.69 2.02 1.50 0.38 2.04 43 2.46 1.13 2.34 1.69 1.06 0.50 1.87 44 31.56 24.16 36.01 31.31 20.94 32.59 30.77 45 31.23 15.50 33.29 26.13 14.87 31.25 32.63 46 3.33 2.70 3.83 2.99 2.43 3.02 3.03 47 3.292 1.582 3.064 2.186 1.636 2.293 2.762 48 41.10 36.48 33.99 47.95 44.56 54.74 28.14 49 37.059 37.033 35.733 35.559 35.556 36.081 36.081 50 30.510 30.281 30.454 30.750 30.246 30.698 30.965 Table 159. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 160 Measured parameters in Cotton accessions (8-13) under normal conditions (parameters set 2) Line/Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 1 85.19 83.55 84.53 95.90 95.92 83.89 2 116.68 99.58 99.55 97.72 102.72 109.95 3 21.94 13.92 11.56 17.33 14.98 12.15 4 NA NA 3.16 1.11 NA NA 5 2.34 3.75 3.31 1.84 2.74 3.09 6 1.376 1.181 1.119 1.122 1.185 1.179 7 1.396 1.199 1.074 1.143 1.199 1.204 8 1.406 1.138 1.072 1.107 1.204 1.196 9 42.63 28.87 25.87 28.98 30.82 29.77 10 42.70 28.38 23.67 30.30 31.97 30.53 11 772.00 918.36 700.33 592.00 834.67 864.33 12 1.24 2.23 1.99 1.18 1.74 2.39 13 26.64 30.80 23.14 20.49 25.97 29.14 14 8854.54 5650.67 6003.34 6691.84 9004.97 7268.00 15 13.07 14.26 11.84 14.48 12.57 14.00 16 3.88 3.98 4.10 4.55 4.76 4.93 17 4.090 4.288 4.363 4.070 4.667 4.637 18 4.480 4.192 4.507 4.205 4.250 4.737 19 1.125 0.795 0.583 0.125 0.146 0.708 20 11.29 10.83 8.73 12.33 9.19 10.65 21 30.29 17.90 12.40 19.56 14.67 15.67 22 5.63 5.62 5.33 7.41 7.54 5.51 23 102.22 127.29 105.85 151.27 117.64 119.24 24 1.63 2.07 1.86 1.57 1.87 1.94 25 102.71 104.36 126.00 145.17 109.50 106.17 26 33.79 31.91 32.87 22.08 28.07 31.13 27 33.633 35.262 38.124 32.772 34.443 35.332 28 −0.083 −0.132 −0.243 −0.515 −0.244 −0.237 29 39.54 39.68 30.15 47.61 37.79 35.85 30 196.45 199.76 179.43 134.30 198.46 165.53 31 50.81 51.71 39.70 35.34 42.12 42.05 32 4.79 9.12 11.57 8.10 7.80 8.55 33 NA NA NA NA NA NA 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 1920.00 2326.82 1794.83 2030.67 2211.00 2239.00 36 68.76 80.24 59.15 70.35 68.80 75.54 37 84.63 82.03 80.64 82.02 82.55 82.73 38 2.987 3.449 2.876 3.403 3.280 3.290 39 −29.38 −28.21 −28.81 −28.06 −28.20 −28.57 40 3.13 6.37 6.14 NA 4.95 6.95 41 3.31 4.71 5.44 4.14 4.60 6.25 42 1.14 2.47 2.29 NA 1.77 2.92 43 1.19 1.91 2.02 1.12 1.65 2.65 44 15.45 31.45 29.29 NA 25.62 34.56 45 18.21 25.13 28.98 29.15 25.92 32.67 46 1.87 3.21 3.00 NA 2.82 3.87 47 2.058 2.254 2.652 2.731 2.551 3.555 48 45.41 28.05 33.48 47.94 45.95 44.01 49 35.204 36.163 36.752 35.600 35.581 36.648 50 30.704 30.300 29.579 30.379 29.827 30.492 Table 160. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 161 Measured parameters in Cotton accessions (1-7) under drought conditions (parameters set 2) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 68.860 68.215 76.261 65.223 79.612 77.924 71.937 2 99.1 105.4 94.2 80.7 109.0 80.4 92.9 3 9.321 14.463 9.813 12.454 19.889 7.970 10.608 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.237 5 3.775 3.697 3.630 2.917 2.500 3.200 4.756 6 1.100 1.220 1.088 1.073 1.390 0.931 0.815 7 1.130 1.236 1.150 1.052 1.400 0.907 0.941 8 1.099 1.057 1.046 1.079 1.354 0.952 0.873 9 27.967 35.313 24.933 29.433 40.878 17.880 21.983 10 27.075 30.700 23.000 27.767 39.900 17.000 26.333 11 622.0 554.3 659.3 683.3 494.7 76.0 467.3 12 2.061 1.078 2.002 1.817 0.840 0.268 1.435 13 19.198 17.542 19.403 20.471 16.713 2.155 15.977 14 3928.3 5090.0 6094.3 6011.0 5919.0 4668.2 4397.7 15 11.436 11.727 10.826 10.823 11.029 9.898 11.269 16 4.277 4.168 4.093 4.715 3.701 6.392 5.565 17 4.978 4.583 4.733 5.367 4.833 7.420 5.843 18 4.630 3.850 4.363 5.130 4.567 7.340 5.523 19 1.041 0.875 1.167 1.083 1.384 1.050 1.229 20 6.980 7.234 7.167 7.417 8.233 5.975 7.604 21 9.755 14.097 10.625 12.234 23.219 10.275 11.938 22 3.656 2.914 3.760 3.330 4.383 4.264 2.866 23 92.9 87.2 79.8 85.6 71.3 77.2 99.4 24 0.988 0.956 0.993 0.985 0.975 0.966 0.996 25 100.2 99.8 99.3 96.2 92.9 99.4 127.0 26 47.378 46.822 48.481 49.347 53.486 46.373 48.633 27 36.256 38.826 39.785 40.718 39.256 37.412 39.187 28 0.336 0.170 0.216 0.279 0.447 0.236 0.281 29 24.90 23.97 25.54 27.10 27.52 16.54 24.05 30 140.2 140.8 184.7 147.4 149.5 116.5 161.3 31 37.22 51.21 46.91 45.57 39.96 28.16 41.39 32 9.140 7.713 10.633 10.683 4.733 16.400 17.317 33 481 428 582 512 451 610 NA 34 392 370 406 483 224 381 554 35 1573 1379 1635 1597 1359 745 1246 36 48.69 43.51 48.24 52.19 45.91 19.38 42.61 37 81.62 82.76 80.17 80.85 84.43 76.42 75.72 38 2.889 3.088 3.085 3.170 3.248 2.843 2.605 39 −28.081 −28.655 −28.723 −27.658 −28.280 −27.948 −28.233 40 6.755 3.054 6.509 NA NA NA NA 41 6.148 4.253 5.902 NA NA 3.505 4.178 42 2.627 1.203 2.526 NA NA NA NA 43 2.343 1.567 2.317 NA NA 0.473 1.444 44 32.59 15.60 33.48 NA NA NA NA 45 33.44 21.82 34.57 NA NA 32.06 27.54 46 3.445 1.661 3.553 NA NA NA NA 47 3.295 2.304 3.163 NA NA 2.562 2.156 48 28.856 37.427 33.065 40.956 39.797 33.397 26.959 49 35.221 38.604 37.007 34.659 38.511 37.944 37.411 50 33.035 33.621 33.046 34.638 33.091 33.354 33.038 Table 161. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 162 Measured parameters in additional Cotton accessions (8-13) under drought conditions (parameters set 2) Line/Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 1 71.615 68.801 59.418 81.208 79.860 60.446 2 108.7 95.5 98.7 99.0 97.2 109.6 3 19.562 11.449 9.117 14.026 10.164 11.008 4 NA NA 3.977 NA NA NA 5 1.625 3.625 4.674 2.300 3.206 3.571 6 1.329 1.113 1.062 1.041 1.102 1.130 7 1.332 1.133 1.071 1.060 1.075 1.133 8 1.324 1.109 0.994 1.073 1.077 1.087 9 43.120 28.110 26.067 28.367 29.183 30.000 10 43.450 27.780 22.300 28.900 31.850 30.267 11 592.6 598.8 558.0 428.0 563.7 614.7 12 0.997 1.824 2.023 1.005 1.593 2.017 13 19.616 18.888 18.292 14.144 16.100 20.158 14 6847.0 4819.7 3690.0 7521.9 6199.3 5593.0 15 11.889 12.473 10.583 11.758 11.264 11.999 16 4.065 4.318 4.263 4.705 4.982 4.687 17 4.460 5.096 5.073 4.875 4.880 4.513 18 3.975 4.634 4.277 4.690 5.350 4.210 19 0.893 0.963 0.875 0.208 0.367 0.875 20 9.393 7.679 7.063 10.313 7.551 8.188 21 22.804 12.679 9.896 14.542 11.653 12.771 22 3.613 3.083 2.585 4.147 4.033 2.457 23 74.8 97.7 85.5 104.4 93.0 93.4 24 0.992 0.993 0.985 0.991 0.986 0.984 25 92.9 97.7 127.0 98.8 98.5 98.8 26 48.831 51.219 52.131 43.782 45.764 48.989 27 38.519 39.099 41.867 37.365 37.744 37.929 28 0.311 0.370 0.298 0.082 0.177 0.308 29 30.40 25.90 23.30 31.74 23.86 30.57 30 162.8 159.8 123.2 192.8 156.6 163.7 31 49.82 44.31 36.49 43.24 38.05 37.82 32 4.733 10.070 12.283 8.883 8.633 9.283 33 328 407 510 542 383 556 34 219 427 421 384 434 499 35 1583 1552 1419 1533 1489 1606 36 52.39 49.13 46.00 50.72 42.42 57.10 37 84.00 80.92 79.52 81.42 80.83 82.22 38 3.170 3.373 2.909 3.460 3.502 3.223 39 −28.403 −27.778 −27.808 −26.931 −27.501 −27.862 40 3.585 5.503 NA 4.197 4.880 5.898 41 2.429 5.167 5.143 3.362 4.454 5.028 42 1.309 2.106 NA 1.129 1.753 2.151 43 0.864 1.954 1.821 0.967 1.641 1.859 44 18.74 29.54 NA 31.17 27.26 28.98 45 13.92 29.19 28.13 24.83 27.79 26.01 46 2.150 2.822 NA 3.179 2.744 3.195 47 1.385 2.643 2.506 2.315 2.533 2.651 48 41.854 30.639 30.062 46.046 39.539 34.155 49 36.985 36.507 37.248 36.341 36.200 35.659 50 33.151 32.598 32.869 33.700 33.542 33.580 Table 162. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Cotton accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 163 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions (set 1) across Cotton accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY45 0.86 1.21E−02 2 16 LBY45 0.87 2.48E−02 6 2 LBY45 0.79 6.18E−02 6 7 LBY45 0.76 8.08E−02 6 18 LBY45 0.82 4.69E−02 6 8 LBY45 0.76 8.24E−02 6 32 LBY45 0.89 1.81E−02 6 3 LBY45 0.81 5.16E−02 6 26 LBY45 0.72 1.06E−01 6 30 LBY45 0.91 1.11E−02 6 31 LBY45 0.71 1.16E−01 6 6 LBY45 0.93 7.33E−03 6 17 LBY45 0.88 1.93E−02 6 9 LBY45 0.81 4.98E−02 6 13 LBY45 0.78 6.85E−02 6 11 LBY45 0.74 5.54E−03 9 43 LBY45 0.80 5.58E−02 7 12 LBY45 0.85 3.28E−02 7 3 LBY46 0.83 8.40E−04 3 7 LBY46 0.81 1.26E−03 3 18 LBY46 0.91 3.57E−05 3 8 LBY46 0.71 9.91E−03 3 12 LBY46 0.77 3.21E−03 3 3 LBY46 0.84 6.39E−04 3 6 LBY46 0.85 5.28E−04 3 9 LBY46 0.87 2.27E−02 8 2 LBY46 0.91 1.09E−02 8 16 LBY46 0.87 2.59E−02 8 7 LBY46 0.80 5.66E−02 8 8 LBY46 0.76 7.90E−02 8 32 LBY46 0.79 5.92E−02 8 31 LBY46 0.80 5.58E−02 8 6 LBY46 0.83 3.99E−02 8 9 LBY46 0.72 6.96E−02 2 32 LBY46 0.74 5.93E−02 2 17 LBY46 0.72 6.71E−02 2 20 LBY46 0.90 1.56E−02 6 2 LBY46 0.89 1.67E−02 6 7 LBY46 0.86 2.86E−02 6 18 LBY46 0.73 1.00E−01 6 43 LBY46 0.90 1.53E−02 6 8 LBY46 0.91 1.10E−02 6 3 LBY46 0.76 8.01E−02 6 14 LBY46 0.84 3.67E−02 6 31 LBY46 0.84 3.52E−02 6 6 LBY46 0.89 1.80E−02 6 17 LBY46 0.94 4.74E−03 6 9 LBY46 0.82 2.37E−02 5 24 LBY46 0.76 1.10E−02 1 10 LBY46 0.71 3.34E−02 1 35 LBY46 0.70 3.45E−02 1 37 LBY46 0.76 1.12E−02 1 11 LBY46 0.84 3.80E−02 7 43 LBY47 0.77 4.47E−02 2 16 LBY47 0.84 3.72E−02 6 23 LBY47 0.88 2.06E−02 6 25 LBY47 0.77 4.23E−02 5 19 LBY47 0.75 5.44E−02 5 20 LBY48 0.91 1.28E−02 8 5 LBY48 0.83 4.20E−02 8 23 LBY48 0.84 3.76E−02 8 24 LBY48 0.84 3.44E−02 8 27 LBY48 0.73 9.70E−02 8 25 LBY48 0.82 4.42E−02 8 29 LBY48 0.81 1.47E−03 9 28 LBY48 0.75 5.01E−03 9 30 LBY48 0.79 3.59E−02 5 26 LBY48 0.98 7.04E−05 5 19 LBY48 0.73 6.21E−02 5 17 LBY48 0.73 6.28E−02 5 20 LBY48 0.95 8.67E−04 5 1 LBY48 0.70 7.77E−02 5 13 LBY48 0.72 1.07E−01 7 5 LBY48 0.72 1.04E−01 7 28 LBY49 0.86 2.93E−02 8 18 LBY49 0.72 1.08E−01 8 8 LBY49 0.89 1.77E−02 8 3 LBY49 0.70 7.58E−03 4 18 LBY49 0.73 9.83E−02 6 43 LBY49 0.79 5.91E−02 6 14 LBY49 0.71 1.15E−01 6 15 LBY49 0.71 7.28E−02 5 26 LBY49 0.72 1.96E−02 1 18 LBY49 0.71 2.15E−02 1 8 LBY49 0.73 1.60E−02 1 14 LBY49 0.71 2.08E−02 1 6 LBY49 0.85 3.15E−02 7 2 LBY49 0.75 8.54E−02 7 38 LBY49 0.76 7.97E−02 7 10 LBY49 0.78 6.44E−02 7 17 LBY49 0.74 9.17E−02 7 20 LBY49 0.82 4.53E−02 7 13 LBY49 0.79 6.26E−02 7 36 LBY50 0.88 2.16E−02 6 5 LBY50 0.81 5.12E−02 6 21 LBY50 0.77 7.60E−02 6 29 LBY50 0.74 9.04E−02 6 36 LBY50 0.71 9.24E−03 9 19 LBY50 0.88 7.04E−04 1 14 LBY50 0.72 1.10E−01 7 14 LBY51 0.95 3.24E−03 8 38 LBY51 0.77 7.28E−02 8 42 LBY51 0.91 1.25E−02 8 10 LBY51 0.72 1.08E−01 8 31 LBY51 0.90 1.32E−02 8 36 LBY51 0.72 6.72E−02 2 26 LBY51 0.83 2.13E−02 2 31 LBY51 0.86 1.28E−02 2 17 LBY51 0.77 4.18E−02 2 11 LBY51 0.74 9.00E−02 6 43 LBY51 0.88 2.16E−02 6 12 LBY51 0.72 1.06E−01 7 18 LBY51 0.72 1.03E−01 7 20 LBY52 0.83 4.23E−02 8 12 LBY52 0.89 6.75E−03 2 24 LBY52 0.75 3.34E−03 4 30 LBY52 0.71 1.10E−01 6 43 LBY52 0.74 5.94E−02 5 43 LBY53 0.88 2.08E−02 8 18 LBY53 0.75 8.50E−02 8 8 LBY53 0.85 3.10E−02 8 3 LBY53 0.71 1.17E−01 8 25 LBY53 0.73 9.91E−02 8 6 LBY53 0.71 1.15E−01 8 9 LBY53 0.78 4.01E−02 2 16 LBY53 0.75 5.02E−02 2 18 LBY53 0.71 7.27E−02 2 30 LBY53 0.76 2.70E−03 4 7 LBY53 0.77 1.87E−03 4 18 LBY53 0.85 2.43E−04 4 8 LBY53 0.73 4.50E−03 4 3 LBY53 0.75 3.39E−03 4 6 LBY53 0.82 5.71E−04 4 9 LBY53 0.82 4.79E−02 6 2 LBY53 0.85 3.33E−02 6 22 LBY53 0.71 1.16E−01 6 8 LBY53 0.83 4.16E−02 6 30 LBY53 0.79 5.89E−02 6 31 LBY53 0.76 7.99E−02 6 9 LBY53 0.83 3.98E−02 6 20 LBY53 0.74 5.83E−02 5 10 LBY53 0.71 1.11E−01 5 35 LBY53 0.71 7.48E−02 5 36 LBY53 0.75 8.53E−02 7 12 LBY53 0.76 7.65E−02 7 19 LBY53 0.74 9.45E−02 7 9 LBY53 0.82 4.64E−02 7 1 LBY54 0.82 4.46E−02 8 18 LBY54 0.73 9.87E−02 8 8 LBY54 0.73 9.64E−02 8 3 LBY54 0.73 1.00E−01 8 6 LBY54 0.78 6.79E−02 6 43 LBY54 0.73 9.87E−02 6 19 LBY54 0.78 3.83E−02 5 22 LBY54 0.82 2.33E−02 5 26 LBY54 0.84 1.79E−02 5 19 LBY54 0.89 7.19E−03 5 20 LBY54 0.75 5.26E−02 5 1 LBY54 0.76 7.76E−02 7 18 LBY93 0.71 9.89E−03 3 22 LBY93 0.75 4.87E−03 3 42 LBY93 0.79 6.41E−02 8 16 LBY93 0.87 2.54E−02 6 16 LBY93 0.78 6.96E−02 6 15 LBY93 0.75 8.48E−02 6 29 LBY93 0.72 6.92E−02 5 14 LBY93 0.75 5.42E−02 5 20 LBY94 0.84 6.36E−04 3 42 LBY94 0.77 3.59E−03 3 36 LBY94 0.78 6.63E−02 8 7 LBY94 0.83 4.05E−02 8 18 LBY94 0.72 1.07E−01 8 12 LBY94 0.80 5.37E−02 8 3 LBY94 0.85 3.09E−02 8 6 LBY94 0.83 2.20E−02 2 16 LBY94 0.88 9.56E−03 2 18 LBY94 0.81 2.59E−02 2 8 LBY94 0.85 1.56E−02 2 3 LBY94 0.85 1.49E−02 2 25 LBY94 0.74 5.66E−02 2 30 LBY94 0.77 4.41E−02 2 15 LBY94 0.82 2.52E−02 2 6 LBY94 0.70 7.75E−02 2 9 LBY94 0.71 6.99E−03 4 14 LBY94 0.80 1.01E−03 4 15 LBY94 0.82 4.53E−02 6 22 LBY94 0.71 1.14E−01 6 26 LBY94 0.90 1.59E−02 6 20 LBY94 0.80 5.83E−02 6 13 LBY94 0.81 2.67E−02 5 21 LBY94 0.87 2.52E−02 5 35 LBY94 0.88 9.34E−03 5 15 LBY94 0.88 2.09E−02 5 39 LBY94 0.86 2.83E−02 5 37 LBY94 0.86 2.65E−02 5 41 LBY94 0.78 7.96E−03 1 2 LBY94 0.73 1.72E−02 1 8 LBY94 0.78 7.30E−03 1 9 LBY94 0.86 1.30E−03 1 11 LBY94 0.88 2.20E−02 7 23 LBY94 0.98 5.23E−04 7 24 LBY94 0.75 8.70E−02 7 29 LBY95 0.74 5.84E−03 3 38 LBY95 0.82 1.09E−03 3 42 LBY95 0.78 2.62E−03 3 36 LBY95 0.71 1.37E−02 3 41 LBY95 0.78 3.95E−02 2 2 LBY95 0.83 2.20E−02 2 7 LBY95 0.90 5.37E−03 2 28 LBY95 0.71 7.25E−02 2 26 LBY95 0.73 6.09E−02 2 6 LBY95 0.70 7.94E−02 2 9 LBY95 0.88 1.97E−02 6 43 LBY95 0.85 3.06E−02 6 12 LBY96 0.71 9.21E−03 3 31 LBY96 0.83 3.89E−02 8 2 LBY96 0.87 2.33E−02 8 7 LBY96 0.73 1.02E−01 8 18 LBY96 0.80 5.78E−02 8 23 LBY96 0.88 2.01E−02 8 8 LBY96 0.78 6.95E−02 8 25 LBY96 0.84 3.69E−02 8 6 LBY96 0.83 4.29E−02 8 9 LBY96 0.73 1.00E−01 8 11 LBY96 0.71 1.15E−01 6 24 LBY96 0.93 6.61E−03 6 32 LBY96 0.74 5.53E−02 5 2 LBY96 0.71 7.14E−02 5 18 LBY96 0.92 3.48E−03 5 31 LBY96 0.73 6.23E−02 5 17 LBY96 0.78 3.91E−02 5 9 LBY96 0.71 7.36E−02 5 11 LBY96 0.74 9.45E−02 7 28 LBY97 0.82 4.81E−02 8 38 LBY97 0.93 7.96E−03 8 42 LBY97 0.74 9.15E−02 8 10 LBY97 0.80 5.55E−02 8 40 LBY97 0.96 1.99E−03 8 36 LBY97 0.93 2.34E−03 2 31 LBY97 0.74 5.59E−02 2 17 LBY97 0.75 5.19E−02 2 13 LBY97 0.78 6.49E−02 6 43 LBY97 0.75 5.29E−03 9 18 LBY97 0.73 6.82E−03 9 8 LBY97 0.77 4.44E−02 5 32 LBY97 0.73 1.71E−02 1 29 LBY97 0.87 2.57E−02 7 3 LBY97 0.83 3.96E−02 7 1 LGN40 0.71 1.02E−02 3 14 LGN40 0.94 5.43E−03 8 2 LGN40 0.71 1.15E−01 8 7 LGN40 0.73 9.94E−02 8 32 LGN40 0.87 2.36E−02 8 31 LGN40 0.74 9.35E−02 8 9 LGN40 0.82 4.34E−02 8 11 LGN40 0.72 5.88E−03 4 28 LGN40 0.88 7.61E−05 4 30 LGN40 0.91 1.12E−02 6 43 LGN40 0.73 9.84E−02 6 12 LGN40 0.76 8.04E−02 6 19 LGN40 0.75 4.85E−03 9 22 LGN40 0.92 9.66E−03 7 22 LGN40 0.77 7.10E−02 7 3 LGN40 0.81 5.10E−02 7 26 LGN40 0.73 1.01E−01 7 17 LGN40 0.83 4.02E−02 7 20 Table 163. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 155. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 152. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 164 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in additional tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions (set 2) across Cotton accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY45 0.89 1.27E−03 1 25 LBY45 0.77 1.47E−02 1 32 LBY45 0.77 1.52E−02 1 49 LBY45 0.72 2.75E−02 1 28 LBY45 0.70 3.48E−02 1 41 LBY46 0.81 1.32E−03 2 24 LBY46 0.85 3.38E−03 1 8 LBY46 0.85 3.72E−03 1 32 LBY46 0.81 7.86E−03 1 43 LBY46 0.82 7.06E−03 1 9 LBY46 0.74 2.33E−02 1 47 LBY46 0.77 1.47E−02 1 12 LBY46 0.79 1.08E−02 1 21 LBY46 0.82 7.33E−03 1 40 LBY46 0.80 9.43E−03 1 3 LBY46 0.88 1.54E−03 1 7 LBY46 0.87 2.42E−03 1 6 LBY46 0.84 5.02E−03 1 45 LBY46 0.82 6.81E−03 1 44 LBY46 0.81 7.66E−03 1 42 LBY46 0.78 1.28E−02 1 10 LBY46 0.78 1.23E−02 1 41 LBY46 0.75 2.02E−02 1 37 LBY46 0.81 7.80E−03 1 46 LBY46 0.77 1.88E−03 3 8 LBY46 0.75 3.39E−03 3 7 LBY46 0.77 2.15E−03 3 6 LBY47 0.77 3.56E−03 2 21 LBY47 0.83 5.40E−03 1 8 LBY47 0.88 1.94E−03 1 9 LBY47 0.85 3.43E−03 1 21 LBY47 0.89 1.17E−03 1 3 LBY47 0.71 3.10E−02 1 30 LBY47 0.86 2.65E−03 1 7 LBY47 0.86 3.29E−03 1 6 LBY47 0.88 1.81E−03 1 10 LBY47 0.83 5.95E−03 1 37 LBY48 0.73 7.06E−03 2 8 LBY48 0.70 1.11E−02 2 9 LBY48 0.73 7.25E−03 2 7 LBY48 0.79 2.14E−03 2 6 LBY48 0.85 3.67E−03 1 31 LBY49 0.75 4.83E−03 2 8 LBY49 0.79 2.19E−03 2 9 LBY49 0.72 7.65E−03 2 7 LBY49 0.73 6.96E−03 2 6 LBY49 0.76 4.41E−03 2 10 LBY49 0.74 5.81E−03 2 37 LBY50 0.70 1.11E−02 2 39 LBY50 0.88 1.88E−03 1 32 LBY50 0.72 2.97E−02 1 17 LBY50 0.90 1.10E−03 1 43 LBY50 0.80 9.25E−03 1 47 LBY50 0.96 5.88E−05 1 12 LBY50 0.90 8.24E−04 1 40 LBY50 0.91 6.79E−04 1 45 LBY50 0.90 8.87E−04 1 44 LBY50 0.89 1.16E−03 1 42 LBY50 0.88 1.65E−03 1 41 LBY50 0.86 2.61E−03 1 46 LBY50 0.77 2.03E−03 3 48 LBY51 0.81 8.68E−03 1 8 LBY51 0.75 1.91E−02 1 9 LBY51 0.71 3.23E−02 1 21 LBY51 0.76 1.70E−02 1 3 LBY51 0.75 1.98E−02 1 28 LBY51 0.84 4.90E−03 1 7 LBY51 0.83 5.72E−03 1 6 LBY51 0.73 2.54E−02 1 10 LBY52 0.73 2.54E−02 1 14 LBY52 0.75 3.06E−03 3 14 LBY53 0.71 3.05E−02 1 32 LBY53 0.72 2.88E−02 1 43 LBY53 0.75 2.12E−02 1 12 LBY53 0.74 2.22E−02 1 16 LBY53 0.71 3.22E−02 1 42 LBY53 0.73 2.47E−02 1 23 LBY53 0.70 3.49E−02 1 41 LBY54 0.77 3.47E−03 2 21 LBY54 0.78 2.72E−03 2 3 LBY54 0.73 2.65E−02 1 30 LBY54 0.71 6.34E−03 3 8 LBY54 0.73 4.28E−03 3 9 LBY54 0.73 4.46E−03 3 3 LBY54 0.74 4.07E−03 3 6 LBY93 0.79 1.14E−02 1 32 LBY94 0.71 3.28E−02 1 19 LBY94 0.75 2.09E−02 1 32 LBY94 0.82 7.17E−03 1 43 LBY94 0.74 2.24E−02 1 47 LBY94 0.81 8.73E−03 1 12 LBY94 0.75 2.04E−02 1 40 LBY94 0.75 1.91E−02 1 45 LBY94 0.77 1.50E−02 1 42 LBY94 0.80 9.43E−03 1 41 LBY94 0.73 4.81E−03 3 27 LBY95 0.71 3.26E−02 1 25 LBY95 0.90 9.66E−04 1 32 LBY95 0.73 2.68E−02 1 43 LBY95 0.76 1.81E−02 1 12 LBY95 0.75 1.95E−02 1 45 LBY95 0.76 1.78E−02 1 41 LBY96 0.72 7.69E−03 2 8 LBY96 0.74 5.66E−03 2 9 LBY96 0.70 1.11E−02 2 7 LBY96 0.74 5.87E−03 2 6 LGN40 0.79 1.22E−02 1 16 Table 164. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 156. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 153. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 165 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought conditions (drought expression set 2) across Cotton accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY45 0.75 7.41E−03 4 2 LBY45 0.79 4.02E−03 4 8 LBY45 0.84 1.27E−03 4 9 LBY45 0.88 3.92E−04 4 21 LBY45 0.84 1.22E−03 4 3 LBY45 0.70 1.56E−02 4 7 LBY45 0.71 1.37E−02 4 20 LBY45 0.91 1.11E−04 4 10 LBY45 0.74 2.29E−02 7 2 LBY45 0.83 5.19E−03 7 8 LBY45 0.81 8.01E−03 7 9 LBY45 0.83 5.18E−03 7 21 LBY45 0.78 1.39E−02 7 3 LBY45 0.75 1.98E−02 7 14 LBY45 0.72 3.02E−02 7 6 LBY45 0.86 2.78E−03 7 20 LBY45 0.91 5.75E−04 7 10 LBY45 0.79 6.36E−03 3 26 LBY45 0.92 1.97E−04 3 21 LBY45 0.88 7.46E−04 3 3 LBY45 0.73 1.65E−02 3 10 LBY45 0.84 1.70E−02 2 40 LBY45 0.79 3.35E−02 2 44 LBY45 0.84 1.72E−02 2 42 LBY45 0.83 1.96E−02 2 46 LBY45 0.79 3.63E−02 1 28 LBY45 0.74 5.57E−02 1 7 LBY45 0.71 9.53E−03 5 16 LBY45 0.78 2.95E−03 5 18 LBY46 0.73 1.01E−02 4 8 LBY46 0.80 3.00E−03 4 31 LBY46 0.81 2.50E−03 4 9 LBY46 0.71 1.39E−02 4 3 LBY46 0.81 2.77E−03 4 7 LBY46 0.81 2.60E−03 4 6 LBY46 0.82 4.47E−02 4 44 LBY46 0.71 1.37E−02 4 10 LBY46 0.85 9.87E−04 4 37 LBY46 0.80 5.56E−02 4 46 LBY46 0.87 1.11E−03 6 31 LBY46 0.82 3.81E−03 6 9 LBY46 0.70 2.37E−02 6 3 LBY46 0.74 1.54E−02 6 7 LBY46 0.74 1.36E−02 6 6 LBY46 0.77 9.40E−03 6 10 LBY46 0.72 1.77E−02 6 15 LBY46 0.83 2.89E−03 6 37 LBY46 0.78 1.25E−02 7 48 LBY46 0.72 1.93E−02 3 9 LBY46 0.71 2.05E−02 3 29 LBY46 0.76 1.14E−02 3 7 LBY46 0.75 1.18E−02 3 6 LBY46 0.72 1.91E−02 3 20 LBY46 0.76 1.08E−02 3 37 LBY46 0.71 7.32E−02 1 48 LBY46 0.86 1.21E−02 1 38 LBY46 0.72 6.69E−02 1 50 LBY46 0.71 7.59E−02 1 22 LBY46 0.71 9.38E−03 5 17 LBY47 0.73 1.63E−02 6 8 LBY47 0.70 2.38E−02 6 9 LBY47 0.75 1.23E−02 6 21 LBY47 0.72 1.79E−02 6 3 LBY47 0.74 1.38E−02 6 7 LBY47 0.79 6.64E−03 6 6 LBY47 0.79 2.12E−03 2 7 LBY47 0.76 4.61E−02 1 48 LBY47 0.77 4.35E−02 1 50 LBY48 0.77 5.85E−03 4 48 LBY48 0.78 4.87E−03 4 14 LBY48 0.71 1.39E−02 4 29 LBY48 0.91 9.55E−05 4 20 LBY48 0.73 6.22E−02 7 41 LBY48 0.85 1.44E−02 1 24 LBY48 0.79 2.21E−03 5 9 LBY48 0.76 4.38E−03 5 21 LBY48 0.78 2.68E−03 5 3 LBY48 0.76 4.51E−03 5 10 LBY49 0.86 1.30E−03 6 8 LBY49 0.72 1.82E−02 6 9 LBY49 0.85 1.85E−03 6 21 LBY49 0.81 4.26E−03 6 3 LBY49 0.76 1.15E−02 6 7 LBY49 0.78 8.44E−03 6 6 LBY49 0.71 2.24E−02 6 20 LBY49 0.78 8.46E−03 6 10 LBY49 0.75 1.30E−02 6 37 LBY49 0.90 2.19E−03 7 33 LBY49 0.71 2.06E−02 3 9 LBY49 0.95 3.50E−05 3 21 LBY49 0.91 2.61E−04 3 3 LBY49 0.71 2.21E−02 3 10 LBY49 0.73 7.28E−03 2 31 LBY49 0.81 2.57E−02 1 48 LBY49 0.70 7.79E−02 1 14 LBY49 0.71 7.28E−02 1 10 LBY49 0.80 1.87E−03 5 8 LBY49 0.78 2.64E−03 5 9 LBY49 0.84 7.23E−04 5 21 LBY49 0.82 1.12E−03 5 3 LBY49 0.79 2.29E−03 5 7 LBY49 0.72 7.79E−03 5 6 LBY49 0.78 2.77E−03 5 20 LBY49 0.76 4.26E−03 5 10 LBY50 0.74 9.19E−02 4 44 LBY50 0.71 1.13E−01 4 46 LBY50 0.76 9.95E−03 6 39 LBY50 0.72 7.06E−02 7 47 LBY50 0.81 8.68E−03 7 50 LBY50 0.81 2.76E−02 7 45 LBY50 0.76 7.94E−02 1 43 LBY50 0.72 1.08E−01 1 47 LBY50 0.77 7.58E−02 1 33 LBY50 0.73 6.10E−02 1 11 LBY50 0.70 1.21E−01 1 45 LBY50 0.74 9.11E−02 1 41 LBY50 0.92 2.06E−05 5 17 LBY50 0.91 4.01E−05 5 16 LBY50 0.98 4.18E−08 5 18 LBY51 0.71 1.41E−02 4 8 LBY51 0.78 4.21E−03 4 31 LBY51 0.75 8.13E−03 4 48 LBY51 0.83 1.66E−03 4 9 LBY51 0.71 1.36E−02 4 3 LBY51 0.74 9.89E−03 4 29 LBY51 0.71 1.47E−02 4 7 LBY51 0.75 7.88E−03 4 6 LBY51 0.76 6.98E−03 4 10 LBY51 0.83 1.45E−03 4 37 LBY51 0.79 6.43E−03 6 9 LBY51 0.71 2.06E−02 6 3 LBY51 0.79 6.32E−03 6 10 LBY51 0.80 5.71E−03 6 37 LBY51 0.71 3.21E−02 7 22 LBY51 0.70 2.38E−02 3 30 LBY51 0.82 9.81E−04 2 48 LBY51 0.73 7.37E−03 2 9 LBY51 0.72 7.97E−03 2 3 LBY51 0.75 5.23E−02 1 9 LBY51 0.74 5.90E−02 1 21 LBY51 0.78 3.95E−02 1 3 LBY51 0.74 5.78E−02 1 20 LBY51 0.81 2.85E−02 1 10 LBY51 0.79 2.42E−03 5 7 LBY51 0.70 1.12E−02 5 6 LBY51 0.75 5.22E−03 5 37 LBY52 0.89 5.97E−04 3 50 LBY52 0.80 3.20E−02 1 25 LBY52 0.74 5.93E−02 1 5 LBY52 0.77 4.38E−02 1 49 LBY52 0.79 2.03E−03 5 8 LBY52 0.74 6.05E−03 5 9 LBY52 0.81 1.49E−03 5 21 LBY52 0.74 6.06E−03 5 3 LBY52 0.76 4.17E−03 5 20 LBY52 0.80 1.90E−03 5 10 LBY53 0.71 3.38E−02 7 2 LBY53 0.73 2.55E−02 7 9 LBY53 0.84 4.45E−03 7 21 LBY53 0.81 8.37E−03 7 3 LBY53 0.74 2.36E−02 7 10 LBY53 0.72 1.79E−02 3 8 LBY53 0.72 1.89E−02 3 9 LBY53 0.86 1.28E−03 3 21 LBY53 0.81 4.56E−03 3 3 LBY53 0.78 7.21E−03 3 10 LBY53 0.78 3.85E−02 1 8 LBY53 0.89 7.21E−03 1 9 LBY53 0.97 3.95E−04 1 21 LBY53 0.94 1.41E−03 1 3 LBY53 0.84 1.70E−02 1 29 LBY53 0.80 3.19E−02 1 7 LBY53 0.95 1.28E−03 1 20 LBY53 0.87 1.16E−02 1 10 LBY53 0.72 6.69E−02 1 15 LBY53 0.74 5.76E−03 5 8 LBY53 0.85 4.57E−04 5 9 LBY53 0.87 2.19E−04 5 21 LBY53 0.89 1.13E−04 5 3 LBY53 0.81 1.57E−03 5 7 LBY53 0.76 3.97E−03 5 6 LBY53 0.71 9.24E−03 5 20 LBY53 0.79 2.43E−03 5 10 LBY54 0.79 3.51E−03 4 2 LBY54 0.77 5.63E−03 4 9 LBY54 0.71 1.44E−02 4 21 LBY54 0.80 3.15E−03 4 3 LBY54 0.72 1.20E−02 4 7 LBY54 0.73 1.15E−02 4 10 LBY54 0.73 1.11E−02 4 15 LBY54 0.71 1.46E−02 4 37 LBY54 0.70 2.32E−02 6 48 LBY54 0.78 7.95E−03 6 20 LBY54 0.76 1.84E−02 7 2 LBY54 0.75 2.10E−02 7 8 LBY54 0.72 2.89E−02 7 9 LBY54 0.86 3.07E−03 7 21 LBY54 0.81 8.47E−03 7 3 LBY54 0.76 1.74E−02 7 7 LBY54 0.78 1.41E−02 7 10 LBY54 0.88 7.21E−04 3 17 LBY54 0.84 2.17E−03 3 18 LBY54 0.70 7.81E−02 1 2 LBY54 0.84 1.81E−02 1 8 LBY54 0.92 3.29E−03 1 9 LBY54 0.95 8.32E−04 1 21 LBY54 0.93 2.31E−03 1 3 LBY54 0.85 1.51E−02 1 29 LBY54 0.86 1.32E−02 1 7 LBY54 0.76 4.92E−02 1 6 LBY54 0.93 2.56E−03 1 20 LBY54 0.88 9.72E−03 1 10 LBY54 0.73 6.24E−02 1 15 LBY54 0.78 2.89E−03 5 8 LBY54 0.73 7.10E−03 5 9 LBY54 0.84 6.57E−04 5 21 LBY54 0.79 2.15E−03 5 3 LBY54 0.76 3.75E−03 5 7 LBY54 0.78 2.71E−03 5 6 LBY93 0.75 7.99E−03 4 17 LBY93 0.83 2.96E−03 4 33 LBY93 0.75 1.31E−02 3 21 LBY93 0.73 1.58E−02 3 3 LBY93 0.77 4.29E−02 1 2 LBY93 0.73 6.50E−02 1 8 LBY93 0.74 5.55E−02 1 9 LBY93 0.70 7.93E−02 1 21 LBY93 0.87 1.09E−02 1 7 LBY93 0.77 4.47E−02 1 6 LBY93 0.79 2.34E−03 5 16 LBY94 0.86 6.78E−04 4 17 LBY94 0.78 4.35E−03 4 16 LBY94 0.81 2.43E−03 4 18 LBY94 0.71 2.03E−02 6 19 LBY94 0.77 4.33E−02 7 47 LBY94 0.71 7.67E−02 7 41 LBY94 0.78 2.74E−03 2 17 LBY94 0.72 8.48E−03 2 18 LBY94 0.75 5.06E−02 1 8 LBY94 0.88 8.90E−03 1 35 LBY94 0.78 3.82E−02 1 38 LBY94 0.71 7.12E−02 1 7 LBY94 0.78 3.76E−02 1 6 LBY94 0.90 5.62E−03 1 22 LBY94 0.72 6.61E−02 1 39 LBY94 0.83 2.06E−02 1 37 LBY94 0.85 4.30E−04 5 16 LBY94 0.71 9.77E−03 5 18 LBY94 0.75 4.72E−03 5 20 LBY94 0.75 5.39E−03 5 10 LBY95 0.72 1.31E−02 4 8 LBY95 0.72 1.31E−02 4 9 LBY95 0.76 1.07E−02 6 17 LBY95 0.74 1.39E−02 6 16 LBY95 0.71 2.02E−02 6 18 LBY95 0.73 2.46E−02 7 18 LBY95 0.76 1.68E−02 7 39 LBY95 0.72 1.98E−02 3 8 LBY95 0.87 1.11E−03 3 21 LBY95 0.81 4.21E−03 3 3 LBY95 0.70 2.28E−02 3 7 LBY95 0.70 2.42E−02 2 47 LBY95 0.81 2.79E−02 2 40 LBY95 0.77 5.96E−03 2 33 LBY95 0.72 6.82E−02 2 44 LBY95 0.84 1.90E−02 2 42 LBY95 0.80 2.93E−02 2 46 LBY95 0.77 4.24E−02 1 38 LBY95 0.71 7.62E−02 1 50 LBY95 0.78 3.67E−02 1 39 LBY95 0.71 7.62E−02 1 13 LBY95 0.71 9.62E−03 5 32 LBY95 0.95 3.58E−06 5 17 LBY95 0.90 5.38E−05 5 16 LBY95 0.93 1.15E−05 5 18 LBY96 0.79 4.03E−03 4 39 LBY96 0.72 1.30E−02 4 20 LBY96 0.92 2.88E−03 7 43 LBY96 0.73 2.51E−02 7 30 LBY96 0.82 2.38E−02 7 41 LBY96 0.70 7.75E−02 1 32 LBY96 0.71 7.65E−02 1 17 LBY96 0.76 4.74E−02 1 34 LBY96 0.94 1.79E−03 1 16 LBY96 0.89 7.29E−03 1 18 LBY96 0.83 2.20E−02 1 23 LBY96 0.75 4.91E−03 5 2 LBY96 0.73 6.76E−03 5 8 LBY96 0.79 2.01E−03 5 9 LBY96 0.80 1.87E−03 5 21 LBY96 0.77 3.72E−03 5 3 LBY96 0.74 5.44E−03 5 29 LBY96 0.87 2.46E−04 5 20 LBY96 0.80 1.83E−03 5 10 LBY97 0.71 1.38E−02 4 48 LBY97 0.80 2.83E−03 4 38 LBY97 0.74 1.37E−02 6 32 LBY97 0.96 3.32E−05 7 8 LBY97 0.70 3.44E−02 7 48 LBY97 0.83 5.88E−03 7 9 LBY97 0.90 9.18E−04 7 21 LBY97 0.88 1.96E−03 7 3 LBY97 0.84 4.50E−03 7 7 LBY97 0.88 1.52E−03 7 6 LBY97 0.76 1.65E−02 7 10 LBY97 0.81 7.48E−03 7 37 LBY97 0.75 1.33E−02 5 45 LGN40 0.72 1.22E−02 4 2 LGN40 0.78 4.76E−03 4 9 LGN40 0.88 3.70E−04 4 21 LGN40 0.90 1.32E−04 4 3 LGN40 0.84 1.29E−03 4 10 LGN40 0.71 2.11E−02 6 24 LGN40 0.82 1.31E−02 6 43 LGN40 0.82 3.31E−03 6 12 LGN40 0.91 1.21E−02 6 40 LGN40 0.73 1.03E−01 6 44 LGN40 0.91 1.13E−02 6 42 LGN40 0.73 3.95E−02 6 41 LGN40 0.76 7.90E−02 6 46 LGN40 0.73 1.56E−02 3 9 LGN40 0.90 3.62E−04 3 21 LGN40 0.91 2.35E−04 3 3 LGN40 0.77 9.87E−03 3 10 Table 165. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 156. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 154. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 19 Production of Bean Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield Parameters Using 60K Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis, the present inventors utilized a Bean oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60,000 Bean genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with yield components or plant architecture related parameters or plant vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 40 different commercialized bean varieties were analyzed and further used for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Analyzed Bean Tissues

Six tissues [leaf, Stem, lateral stem, lateral branch flower bud, lateral branch pod with seeds and meristem] growing under normal conditions [field experiment, normal growth conditions which included irrigation with water 2-3 times a week with 524 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period, and fertilization of 16 units nitrogen per dunam given in the first month of the growth period] were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above.

For convenience, each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 166 below.

TABLE 166 Bean transcriptome expression sets Expression Set Set ID Lateral branch flower bud at flowering 1 stage under normal growth conditions Lateral branch pod with seeds at pod 2 setting stage under normal growth conditions Lateral stem at pod setting stage under 3 normal growth conditions Lateral stem at flowering stage under 4 normal growth conditions Leaf at pod setting stage under normal 5 growth conditions Leaf at flowering stage under normal 6 growth conditions Leaf at vegetative stage under normal 7 growth conditions Meristem at vegetative stage under 8 normal growth conditions stem at vegetative stage under normal 9 growth conditions Table 166: Provided are the bean transcriptome expression sets. Lateral branch flower bud = flower bud from vegetative branch; Lateral branch pod with seeds = pod with seeds from vegetative branch; Lateral stem = stem from vegetative branch.

Bean Yield Components and Vigor Related Parameters Assessment

40 Bean varieties were grown in five repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows: Bean seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal conditions until harvest. Plants were continuously phenotyped during the growth period and at harvest (Table 167). The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

The collected data parameters were as follows:

% Canopy coverage—percent Canopy coverage at grain filling stage, R1 flowering stage and at vegetative stage. The % Canopy coverage is calculated using Formula XXXII above.

1000 seed weight [gr.]—At the end of the experiment all seeds from all plots were collected and weighted and the weight of 1000 were calculated.

Days till 50% flowering [days]—number of days till 50% flowering for each plot.

Avr shoot DW—At the end of the experiment, the shoot material was collected, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Big pods FW per plant (PS) [gr.]—1 meter big pods fresh weight at pod setting divided by the number of plants.

Big pods number per plant (PS)—number of pods at development stage of R3-4 period above 4 cm per plant at pod setting.

Small pods FW per plant (PS) [gr.]—1 meter small pods fresh weight at pod setting divided by the number of plants.

Small pods num per plant (PS)—number of pods at development stage of R3-4 period below 4 cm per plant at pod setting.

Pod Area [cm²]—At development stage of R3-4 period pods of three plants were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The pod area above 4 cm and below 4 cm was measured from those images and was divided by the number of pods.

Pod Length and Pod width [cm]—At development stage of R3-4 period pods of three plants were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of pod lengths/or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of pods.

Num of lateral branches per plant [value/plant]—number of lateral branches per plant at vegetative stage (average of two plants per plot) and at harvest (average of three plants per plot).

Relative growth rate [cm/day]—the relative growth rate (RGR) of Plant Height was calculated using Formula III above.

Leaf area per plant (PS) [cm²]=Total leaf area of 3 plants in a plot at pod setting. Measurement was performed using a Leaf area-meter.

Specific leaf area (PS) [cm²/gr.]—leaf area per leaf dry weight at pod set.

Leaf form—Leaf length (cm)/leaf width (cm); average of two plants per plot.

Leaf number per plant (PS)—Plants were characterized for leaf number during pod setting stage. Plants were measured for their leaf number by counting all the leaves of 3 selected plants per plot.

Plant height [cm]—Plants were characterized for height during growing period at 3 time points. In each measure, plants were measured for their height using a measuring tape. Height of main stem was measured from first node above ground to last node before apex.

Seed yield per area (H) [gr.]—1 meter seeds weight at harvest.

Seed yield per plant (H) [gr.]—Average seeds weight per plant at harvest in 1 meter plot.

Seeds num per area (H)—1 meter plot seeds number at harvest.

Total seeds per plant (H)—Seeds number on lateral branch per plant+Seeds number on main branch per plant at harvest, average of three plants per plot.

Total seeds weight per plant (PS) [gr.]—Seeds weight on lateral branch+Seeds weight on main branch at pod set per plant, average of three plants per plot.

Small pods FW per plant (PS)—Average small pods (below 4 cm) fresh weight per plant at pod setting per meter.

Small pods num per plant (PS)—Number of Pods below 4 cm per plant at pod setting, average of two plants per plot.

SPAD—Plants were characterized for SPAD rate during growing period at grain filling stage and vegetative stage. Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed 64 days post sowing. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Stem width (R2F)[mm]—width of the stem of the first node at R2 flowering stage, average of two plants per plot.

Total pods number per plant (H), (PS)—Pods number on lateral branch per plant+Pods number on main branch per plant at pod setting and at harvest, average of three plants per plot.

Total pods DW per plant (H) [gr.]—Pods dry weight on main branch per plant+Pods dry weight on lateral branch per plant at harvest, average of three plants per plot.

Total pods FW per plant (PS) [gr.]—Average pods fresh weight on lateral branch+Pods weight on main branch at pod setting.

Pods weight per plant (RP) (H) [gr.]—Average pods weight per plant at harvest in 1 meter.

Total seeds per plant (H), (PS)—Seeds number on lateral branch per plant+Seeds number on main branch per plant at pod setting and at harvest. average of three plants per plot.

Total seeds num per pod (H), (PS)—Total seeds num per plant divided in total pods num per plant, average of three plants per plot.

Vegetative FW and DW per plant (PS) [gr/plant]—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots and pods) before and after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours at pod set, average of three plants per plot.

Vigor till flowering [gr./day]—Relative growth rate (RGR) of shoot DW=Regression coefficient of shoot DW along time course (two measurements at vegetative stage and one measurement at flowering stage).

Vigor post flowering [gr./day]—Relative growth rate (RGR) of shoot DW=Regression coefficient of shoot DW measurements along time course (one measurement at flowering stage and two measurements at grain filling stage).

Experimental Results

40 different bean varieties lines 1-40 were grown and characterized for 48 parameters as specified above. Among the 40 varieties, 16 varieties are “fine” and “extra fine”. The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 168-169 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters was conducted (Table 170).

TABLE 167 Bean correlated parameters (vectors) Correlation Correlated parameter with ID % Canopy coverage (GF) [percentage]  1 % Canopy coverage (R1F) [percentage]  2 % Canopy coverage (V) [percentage]  3 % Seed weight (EGF) [gr.]  4 % Seed weight (LGF) [gr.]  5 1000 seed weight [gr.]  6 Avr shoot DW (EGF) [gr.]  7 Avr shoot DW (R2F) [gr.]  8 Avr shoot DW (V) [gr.]  9 Big pods FW per plant (PS) (RP) [gr.] 10 Big pods num per plant (PS) [gr.] 11 CV(Pod_Area_Below_4 cm) 12 [percentage] CV(Pod_Average_Width) [percentage] 13 CV(Pod_Length) [percentage] 14 CV(Pod_Length_Below_4 cm) 15 [percentage] Days to 50% flowering [number] 16 Height Rate [cm/day] 17 Leaf Length [cm] 18 Leaf Width [cm] 19 Leaf area per plant (PS) [cm²] 20 Leaf form [cm/cm] 21 Leaf num per plant (PS) [number] 22 Mean (Pod_Area) [cm²] 23 Mean(Pod_Area_Below_4cm) [cm²] 24 Mean(Pod_Average_Width) [cm] 25 Mean(Pod_Length) [cm] 26 Mean(Pod_Length_Below_4cm) [cm] 27 Num of lateral branches per plant (H) 28 [number] Num of lateral branches per plant (V) 29 [number] PAR_LAI (EGF) [μmol m⁻²S⁻¹] 30 PAR_LAI (LGF) [μmol m⁻²S⁻¹] 31 PAR_LAI (R1F) [μmol m⁻²S⁻¹] 32 Plant height (GF) [cm] 33 Plant height (V2-V3) [cm] 34 Plant height (V4-V5) [cm] 35 Pods weight per plant (RP) (H) [gr.] 36 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 37 SPAD (V) [SPAD unit] 38 Seed FW/podsW.O seeds FW (EGF) [gr.] 39 Seed FW/podsW.O seeds FW (LGF) [gr.] 40 Seed yield per area (H) (RP) [gr.] 41 Seed yield per plant (RP) (H) [gr.] 42 Seeds num per area (H) (RP) [number] 43 Small pods FW per plant (PS) (RP) [gr.] 44 Small pods num per plant (PS) [number] 45 Specific leaf area (PS) [cm²/gr.] 46 Stem width (R2F) [mm] 47 Total pods DW per plant (H) [gr.] 48 Total pods num per plant (H) [number] 49 Total pods num per plant (PS) [number] 50 Total pods weight per plant (PS) [gr.] 51 Total seeds num per pod (H) [number] 52 Total seeds num per pod (PS) [number] 53 Total seeds per plant (H) [number] 54 Total seeds per plant (PS) [number] 55 Total seeds weight per plant (PS) [gr.] 56 Vegetative DW per plant (PS) [gr.] 57 Vegetative FW per plant (PS) [gr.] 58 Vigor post flowering [gr./day] 59 Vigor till flowering [gr./day] 60 Table 167. Provided are the Bean correlated parameters (vectors). “gr.” = grams; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “PAR” = Photosynthetically active radiation; “FW” = Plant Fresh weight; “normal” = standard growth conditions; “H” = harvest; “PS” = pod setting; “v” = vegetative stage.

TABLE 168 Measured parameters in bean varieties (lines 1-8) Line/Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 Line-8 1 88.66 91.02 80.76 90.29 84.27 NA 73.90 66.50 2 89.59 78.87 72.28 90.49 73.78 76.45 91.63 72.86 3 70.53 58.56 38.98 83.64 46.91 51.88 59.82 65.28 4 NA 10.668 9.234 8.624 11.535 12.365 NA 12.053 5 45.34 30.72 31.77 37.30 12.62 40.98 37.70 33.54 6 94.43 117.59 69.63 123.75 66.31 93.68 72.75 107.37 7 16.192 18.656 19.292 27.824 14.442 18.024 15.575 31.030 8 7.334 8.283 6.370 11.850 5.418 7.399 8.019 9.338 9 0.302 0.329 0.240 0.443 0.206 0.349 0.243 0.384 10 NA 67.40 38.22 76.45 49.40 43.69 NA 49.94 11 24.25 35.25 65.00 26.50 38.75 35.50 49.75 22.25 12 0.280 0.263 0.211 0.225 0.217 0.231 0.196 0.203 13 20.30 41.79 32.10 19.35 21.75 37.40 41.54 22.06 14 19.39 40.69 36.57 19.08 17.38 41.36 42.84 22.62 15 NA 48.720 38.908 67.375 41.280 55.886 28.705 NA 16 55.0 55.0 55.0 48.0 55.0 55.0 48.0 55.0 17 0.974 0.849 0.907 0.853 0.720 1.062 0.814 1.073 18 13.339 11.638 11.140 13.149 11.989 12.346 12.643 11.987 19 8.161 8.834 7.027 8.422 7.854 8.133 7.781 7.614 20 211.67 307.13 133.13 308.07 157.53 155.00 192.00 273.47 21 1.641 1.315 1.585 1.563 1.528 1.517 1.626 1.577 22 4.733 6.067 4.733 6.167 5.000 5.417 5.867 6.133 23 6.534 4.294 3.692 8.039 5.733 5.696 4.151 6.869 24 1.00 6.00 9.50 3.00 2.00 5.00 8.75 1.00 25 0.714 0.593 0.480 0.825 0.619 0.679 0.471 0.698 26 10.998 7.653 8.335 11.291 10.975 9.066 9.077 11.417 27 0.484 0.432 0.386 0.321 0.532 0.419 0.400 0.404 28 7.933 6.200 7.933 7.000 9.667 7.533 9.200 8.867 29 4.90 4.90 5.80 6.60 5.10 5.70 5.50 6.00 30 8.435 7.845 5.780 7.609 6.286 6.598 6.737 6.771 31 6.146 5.842 4.377 4.013 4.950 NA 3.725 2.884 32 3.270 3.061 1.328 5.006 1.581 1.744 2.251 3.338 33 36.842 34.833 31.517 37.708 28.875 39.827 30.442 41.267 34 4.388 4.800 3.675 5.750 3.925 4.500 4.675 6.163 35 11.433 11.167 7.600 16.567 8.400 9.667 11.233 15.333 36 11.666 15.197 15.962 23.075 17.061 15.121 19.482 18.878 37 40.192 36.219 37.681 NA 39.396 NA NA 43.006 38 36.000 39.436 31.413 40.147 35.756 35.011 35.751 35.133 39 NA 11.942 10.298 9.438 13.039 14.110 NA 13.705 40 92.310 44.351 25.951 60.205 14.875 51.058 61.491 51.320 41 342.4 457.2 196.7 430.6 198.1 371.1 431.5 533.6 42 6.306 8.291 4.532 9.202 4.018 6.553 7.917 9.622 43 3635.2 3879.6 2875.2 3485.8 3012.2 3953.8 5946.6 4920.2 44 0.622 2.064 1.146 0.602 0.796 1.268 0.001 0.726 45 0.500 6.000 9.500 1.500 1.000 5.000 8.750 0.500 46 226.3 222.3 213.0 207.3 257.8 238.2 248.2 237.7 47 5.785 5.843 5.395 5.831 4.909 6.001 5.292 5.536 48 12.764 20.706 13.886 30.423 15.310 10.754 21.881 23.486 49 27.133 24.733 46.067 38.267 38.267 18.857 44.067 33.933 50 33.067 33.929 31.583 20.938 46.000 24.333 30.267 27.333 51 32.96 105.04 61.14 33.15 41.19 81.76 2.98 42.96 52 3.315 4.685 2.814 3.927 3.093 3.767 3.872 3.776 53 2.635 2.351 1.022 0.632 1.612 0.811 1.577 3.148 54 90.47 111.33 128.60 151.80 138.20 70.53 168.40 128.80 55 87.600 79.000 29.385 9.167 77.929 20.000 50.133 84.600 56 NA 3.448 0.500 0.173 2.877 0.390 NA 2.298 57 16.296 13.525 18.800 12.637 17.034 9.985 12.287 13.708 58 91.613 65.647 61.833 71.071 77.527 56.827 47.664 70.773 59 0.915 2.029 1.675 0.839 1.355 NA 1.524 1.388 60 0.444 0.456 0.352 1.183 0.380 0.390 0.453 0.579 Table 168. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Bean accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 169 Measured parameters in bean varieties (lines 9-16) Line/Corr. ID Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 Line-15 Line-16 1 84.42 NA 83.89 NA 83.40 NA 79.59 75.12 2 83.06 86.63 82.53 83.35 84.21 73.07 71.41 68.05 3 64.09 89.99 62.34 63.42 61.26 38.21 40.26 26.24 4 11.762 8.418 NA NA 9.446 12.067 7.503 NA 5 40.72 35.03 41.72 43.38 17.34 18.21 26.42 28.91 6 121.34 120.75 96.79 116.14 94.55 82.93 111.76 70.74 7 18.653 21.945 21.756 17.003 18.753 14.780 18.542 15.100 8 6.966 11.209 6.313 11.988 10.575 7.351 7.438 5.213 9 0.361 0.537 0.212 0.476 0.361 0.203 0.298 0.209 10 49.06 76.18 NA NA 61.66 23.67 89.21 NA 11 23.25 28.25 32.00 32.75 34.17 46.50 23.50 68.75 12 0.319 0.233 0.216 0.257 0.256 0.219 NA 0.199 13 30.56 28.44 47.69 27.56 26.13 43.74 29.96 21.54 14 32.83 31.13 46.08 28.64 20.56 46.23 23.70 22.64 15 51.241 51.209 37.343 58.238 82.139 44.704 NA 71.494 16 55.0 48.0 55.0 48.0 55.0 48.0 55.0 55.0 17 1.182 1.303 0.941 0.980 0.876 0.790 0.960 0.705 18 12.787 12.174 10.387 11.156 13.102 11.793 11.632 12.882 19 7.517 7.730 6.259 7.045 8.234 7.099 7.329 8.680 20 180.73 324.07 175.80 242.20 200.60 174.00 146.89 61.67 21 1.700 1.577 1.675 1.593 1.593 1.662 1.590 1.484 22 4.133 7.167 7.000 6.188 5.133 4.533 5.111 3.643 23 7.369 7.532 5.677 7.889 6.264 4.296 8.222 5.230 24 2.33 2.00 6.25 3.00 1.67 9.50 NA 6.50 25 0.718 0.739 0.663 0.725 0.686 0.498 0.811 0.590 26 11.399 11.706 8.774 12.243 10.549 8.658 11.732 10.494 27 0.561 0.499 0.397 0.527 0.690 0.441 NA 0.527 28 9.000 6.941 8.267 6.533 8.200 6.933 8.667 10.667 29 6.00 6.92 7.60 6.40 8.40 6.20 6.00 4.60 30 7.015 7.399 6.210 6.421 8.401 5.108 4.656 4.557 31 5.164 NA 4.777 NA 4.673 NA 4.199 4.005 32 3.628 6.297 3.497 3.068 2.658 1.137 1.283 0.761 33 44.558 53.167 34.742 37.492 35.725 29.542 34.889 26.250 34 5.538 6.163 4.325 6.525 4.610 3.463 4.983 3.500 35 11.667 23.167 7.833 19.133 10.500 8.700 8.722 5.900 36 15.895 17.874 11.825 17.009 11.164 12.831 20.157 19.529 37 42.339 NA 34.000 NA 37.814 NA 31.085 34.700 38 34.162 34.496 30.782 38.376 37.031 34.206 26.070 29.340 39 13.330 9.191 NA NA 10.432 13.724 8.111 NA 40 68.762 54.786 71.575 87.547 20.980 22.444 36.002 40.671 41 482.2 290.8 426.6 501.1 102.6 170.9 334.6 330.6 42 9.047 5.423 7.366 8.235 1.939 3.699 9.763 10.156 43 3978.6 2416.5 4403.0 4356.2 1164.4 2036.8 2987.2 4661.8 44 1.233 1.467 1.396 0.905 0.607 0.001 1.665 1.027 45 1.750 2.000 6.250 2.250 0.833 9.500 0.000 3.250 46 220.6 250.4 236.9 203.5 211.4 255.6 228.0 251.6 47 5.544 6.054 5.086 5.646 6.279 5.546 5.637 4.628 48 18.859 13.014 18.171 18.924 9.772 23.521 24.595 28.081 49 30.000 22.056 25.200 24.067 23.533 63.571 24.533 43.933 50 22.250 23.167 25.333 24.933 32.400 26.867 22.333 43.400 51 82.63 91.03 85.27 62.23 36.42 1.79 52.44 40.39 52 3.660 3.082 4.793 4.273 3.023 1.819 5.304 5.118 53 2.515 0.355 3.652 4.930 2.484 1.115 1.828 1.424 54 98.53 65.11 118.07 103.20 70.33 111.93 126.73 224.00 55 58.545 12.538 91.067 97.067 81.400 31.714 45.429 62.286 56 1.528 1.010 NA NA 3.741 0.303 1.540 NA 57 NA 8.803 11.696 12.911 18.529 10.759 17.398 14.323 58 70.867 66.765 61.767 69.113 86.773 52.760 ###### 71.507 59 0.838 1.646 0.934 NA 0.368 1.385 1.428 1.336 60 0.345 0.689 0.388 0.635 0.542 0.419 0.355 0.248 Table 169. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in bean accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 170 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across “fine” and “extra fine” bean varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY33 0.91 5.11E−05 4 6 LBY33 0.76 4.19E−03 4 9 LBY33 0.71 9.29E−03 4 32 LBY33 0.71 1.01E−02 4 33 LBY33 0.84 1.34E−03 2 11 LBY33 0.82 3.50E−03 2 24 LBY33 0.83 1.52E−03 2 45 LBY33 0.78 4.78E−03 2 49 LBY33 0.74 5.54E−02 9 37 LBY33 0.85 3.82E−03 7 57 LBY33 0.71 9.41E−03 6 36 LBY34 0.73 1.24E−03 1 53 LBY34 0.72 1.27E−02 4 27 LBY34 0.76 1.08E−02 2 12 LBY34 0.86 3.30E−03 9 31 LBY34 0.80 1.68E−03 9 51 LBY34 0.85 4.06E−03 9 1 LBY34 0.73 1.10E−02 5 53 LBY34 0.75 1.93E−02 7 10 LBY34 0.77 9.37E−03 7 52 LBY34 0.82 1.91E−03 3 55 LBY34 0.86 7.19E−04 3 53 LBY34 0.88 4.29E−03 3 56 LBY35 0.83 2.65E−03 2 4 LBY35 0.84 2.64E−03 2 39 LBY35 0.70 1.55E−02 5 46 LBY35 0.71 2.10E−02 7 38 LBY36 0.76 6.12E−03 2 29 LBY36 0.81 7.59E−03 2 15 LBY36 0.73 6.49E−03 9 2 LBY36 0.81 2.70E−03 5 55 LBY36 0.86 6.34E−04 5 53 LBY36 0.80 3.20E−03 5 50 LBY36 0.87 1.44E−05 8 11 LBY36 0.75 8.18E−03 3 44 LBY36 0.84 1.20E−03 3 51 Table 170. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 167. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 166. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 20 Production of Foxtail Millet Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Foxtail Millet Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis comparing between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a foxtail millet oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [World Wide Web (dot) chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K foxtail millet genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 15 different foxtail millet accessions were analyzed. Among them, 11 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Fourteen foxtail millet varieties were grown in 5 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

1. Regular growth conditions: foxtail millet plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols, which include 283 m³ water per dunam (100 square meters) per entire growth period and fertilization of 16 units of URAN® 32% (Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution; PCS Sales, Northbrook, Ill., USA) (normal growth conditions).

2. Drought conditions: foxtail millet seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition until the heading stage (22 days from sowing), and then drought treatment was imposed by irrigating plants with 50% water relative to the normal treatment (171 m³ water per dunam per entire growth period) while maintaining normal fertilization.

Analyzed Foxtail millet tissues—All 15 foxtail millet lines were sample per each treatment. Three tissues [leaf, flower, and stem] at 2 different developmental stages [flowering, grain filling], representing different plant characteristics were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 171-174 below.

TABLE 171 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions at flowering stage Expression Set Set ID flower: flowering stage, drought 1 leaf: flowering stage, drought 2 stem: flowering stage, drought 3 Table 171. Provided are the foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions at flowering stage.

TABLE 172 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions at grain filling stage Expression Set Set ID grain: grain filling stage, drought 4 leaf: grain filling stage, drought 5 stem: grain filling stage, drought 6 Table 172. Provided are the foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under drought conditions at grain filling stage.

TABLE 173 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions at flowering stage Expression Set Set ID flower: flowering stage, normal 1 leaf: flowering stage, normal 2 Table 173. Provided are the foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions at flowering stage.

TABLE 174 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions at grain filling stage Expression Set Set ID grain: grain filling stage, normal 4 leaf: grain filling stage, normal 5 stem: grain filling stage, normal 6 Table 174. Provided are the foxtail mi let transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions at grain filling stage.

Foxtail millet yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were continuously phenotyped during the growth period and at harvest (Tables 175-176, below). The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the Plant ‘Head’ and the following parameters were measured and collected:

Average Grain Area (cm²)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Average Grain Length and width (cm)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths and width (longest axis) were measured from those images and were divided by the number of grains.

At the end of the growing period 14 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system.

Average Grain Perimeter (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the Plant ‘Head’. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Head Average Area (cm²)—The ‘Head’ area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

Head Average Length and width (cm)—The ‘Head’ length and width (longest axis) were measured from those images and were divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 5 plants per plot or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot.

Head weight (Kg.) and head number (num.)—At the end of the experiment, heads were harvested from each plot and were counted and weighted.

Total Grain Yield (gr.)—At the end of the experiment (plant ‘Heads’) heads from plots were collected, the heads were threshed and grains were weighted. In addition, the average grain weight per head was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by number of total heads per plot (based on plot).

1000 Seeds weight [gr.]—was calculated based on Formula XIV (above).

Biomass at harvest [kg]—At the end of the experiment the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) from plots was weighted.

Total dry mater per plot [kg]—Calculated as Vegetative portion above ground plus all the heads dry weight per plot.

Number (num) of days to anthesis—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives anthesis.

Maintenance of performance under drought conditions—Represent ratio for the specified parameter of Drought condition results divided by Normal conditions results (maintenance of phenotype under drought in comparison to normal conditions).

Data parameters collected are summarized in Tables 175-176, herein below.

TABLE 175 Foxtail millet correlated parameters under drought and normal conditions (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.]  1 Biomass at harvest [kg]  2 Grain Perimeter  3 Grain area [cm²]  4 Grain length [cm]  5 Grain width [cm]  6 Grains yield per Head (plot) [gr.]  7 Head Area [cm²]  8 Head Width [cm]  9 Head length [cm] 10 Heads number 11 Num days to Anthesis [days] 12 Total Grains yield [gr.] 13 Total dry matter [kg] 14 Total heads weight [kg] 15 Table 175. Provided are the foxtail millet collected parameters under drought and normal conditions.

TABLE 176 Foxtail millet correlated parameters under drought vs normal conditions (maintenance) (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight D/N [gr.] 1 Biomass at harvest D/N [kg] 2 Grain Perimeter D/N [cm] 3 Grain area D/N [cm²] 4 Grain length D/N [cm] 5 Grain width D/N [cm] 6 Grains yield per Head (plot) D/N [gr.] 7 Head Area D/N [cm²] 8 Head Width D/N [cm] 9 Head length D/N [cm] 10 Heads num D/N [num] 11 Total Grains yield D/N [gr.] 12 Total dry matter D/N [kg] 13 Total heads weight D/N [kg] 14 Table 176. Provided are the foxtail millet collected parameters under drought vs. normal conditions (maintenance).

Experimental Results

Fifteen different foxtail millet accessions were grown and characterized for different parameters as described above (Table 175-176). The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 177-182 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters was conducted (Tables 183-188). Follow, results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 177 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Line-1 2.639 1.528 0.683 0.033 0.242 0.175 3.053 35.748 Line-2 3.329 3.459 0.722 0.037 0.244 0.194 8.832 50.714 Line-3 2.610 2.872 0.689 0.033 0.250 0.171 1.336 18.400 Line-4 2.295 2.935 0.683 0.032 0.254 0.160 1.093 14.938 Line-5 2.304 3.022 0.690 0.033 0.257 0.162 1.309 17.686 Line-6 2.642 2.665 0.692 0.033 0.250 0.170 0.486 9.911 Line-7 2.215 2.975 0.648 0.030 0.233 0.163 1.628 20.986 Line-8 1.837 0.765 0.569 0.024 0.194 0.156 3.737 39.929 Line-9 2.540 2.662 0.661 0.032 0.223 0.181 9.900 42.149 Line-10 1.691 2.946 0.593 0.025 0.203 0.158 4.143 43.524 Line-11 3.096 3.230 0.720 0.037 0.261 0.178 2.975 26.931 Line-12 2.541 3.303 0.675 0.032 0.245 0.167 1.305 21.229 Line-13 3.238 2.632 0.748 0.039 0.270 0.184 0.363 7.302 Line-14 2.245 0.886 0.659 0.030 0.242 0.159 1.741 13.126 Table 177: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 178 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Line-1 1.871 22.36 374.40 34.00 1141.49 0.504 2.888 Line-2 2.677 21.89 127.00 41.00 1116.18 0.733 6.087 Line-3 1.325 16.50 737.80 51.00 988.21 0.798 5.325 Line-4 1.334 13.31 1100.80 41.00 1202.77 0.616 5.402 Line-5 1.501 14.00 1047.20 41.00 1360.51 0.708 5.570 Line-6 1.166 9.11 2050.00 30.00 995.17 0.470 5.280 Line-7 1.666 15.10 581.50 38.00 946.85 0.608 5.121 Line-8 2.153 21.13 311.60 30.00 1159.78 0.349 2.288 Line-9 2.362 20.02 147.20 38.00 1391.39 0.437 5.834 Line-10 2.322 21.80 95.40 NA 394.51 0.645 4.316 Line-11 1.545 20.80 414.40 44.00 1199.50 0.748 5.639 Line-12 1.590 15.85 667.80 51.00 872.48 0.872 5.132 Line-13 1.254 6.45 2441.00 31.00 873.94 0.523 5.126 Line-14 1.738 9.18 687.50 27.00 1187.98 0.361 2.307 Table 178: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 179 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions for Maintenance of performance under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Line-1 107.285 63.803 101.149 103.094 100.719 102.266 89.854 Line-2 97.440 86.662 100.635 101.059 101.132 100.031 121.191 Line-3 99.893 90.611 101.035 102.805 100.392 102.389 76.406 Line-4 97.291 81.978 100.282 100.875 100.432 100.423 83.957 Line-5 95.731 84.030 100.570 101.565 100.177 101.334 83.228 Line-6 99.523 87.176 99.367 99.754 99.501 100.231 70.037 Line-7 101.384 73.573 100.868 101.139 101.033 100.218 77.372 Line-8 102.163 66.771 99.648 99.961 99.169 100.784 111.740 Line-9 94.538 83.217 99.837 98.886 100.709 98.159 86.386 Line-10 102.691 75.471 101.821 102.672 102.004 100.612 57.788 Line-11 97.607 90.154 98.935 97.949 99.401 98.504 68.366 Line-12 97.815 89.810 97.988 96.377 97.778 98.545 57.646 Line-13 101.686 89.510 100.391 101.190 100.335 100.858 83.164 Line-14 99.502 59.886 99.194 99.248 98.983 100.258 132.380 Table 179: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 180 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions for Maintenance of performance under drought conditions Line/ Corr. ID 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Line-1 94.502 98.178 96.690 87.558 78.744 71.703 75.808 Line-2 87.634 98.291 90.250 85.121 104.523 85.768 102.306 Line-3 93.932 99.878 93.972 85.098 64.382 82.890 85.901 Line-4 87.357 98.420 89.958 91.429 76.747 66.681 95.835 Line-5 89.510 97.942 91.006 91.347 75.803 78.325 88.824 Line-6 105.260 98.755 106.443 96.154 67.418 98.019 86.916 Line-7 91.555 98.976 93.881 77.307 59.830 66.278 81.036 Line-8 97.651 101.337 96.594 79.046 88.004 77.030 81.183 Line-9 93.057 94.533 98.097 78.885 65.274 73.539 80.433 Line-10 88.210 95.663 93.498 72.382 42.062 64.635 82.305 Line-11 97.271 99.482 99.655 95.440 63.796 81.972 85.754 Line-12 87.804 100.351 88.132 103.311 61.136 84.963 87.702 Line-13 102.458 100.818 101.471 87.247 71.855 83.890 91.152 Line-14 89.377 95.464 93.807 69.123 91.616 77.761 84.425 Table 180: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 181 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Line-1 2.460 2.396 0.675 0.032 0.240 0.172 3.398 37.828 Line-2 3.416 3.992 0.717 0.037 0.242 0.194 7.288 57.870 Line-3 2.613 3.170 0.682 0.033 0.249 0.167 1.749 19.588 Line-4 2.359 3.580 0.681 0.032 0.253 0.159 1.302 17.100 Line-5 2.406 3.597 0.686 0.032 0.256 0.160 1.573 19.759 Line-6 2.655 3.057 0.697 0.034 0.252 0.170 0.695 9.415 Line-7 2.185 4.044 0.642 0.029 0.231 0.162 2.104 22.922 Line-8 1.798 1.146 0.571 0.024 0.196 0.155 3.345 40.890 Line-9 2.686 3.198 0.662 0.032 0.221 0.184 11.460 45.294 Line-10 1.647 3.904 0.582 0.025 0.199 0.157 7.169 49.341 Line-11 3.172 3.583 0.728 0.037 0.262 0.181 4.351 27.686 Line-12 2.598 3.678 0.689 0.033 0.250 0.169 2.263 24.178 Line-13 3.184 2.940 0.745 0.039 0.269 0.183 0.436 7.127 Line-14 2.257 1.479 0.665 0.030 0.244 0.158 1.315 14.686 Table 181: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section

TABLE 182 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Line-1 1.905 23.13 427.6 34.0 1449.6 0.703 3.810 Line-2 2.723 24.25 149.2 41.0 1067.9 0.854 5.950 Line-3 1.327 17.56 867.0 45.0 1534.9 0.963 6.199 Line-4 1.356 14.79 1204.0 41.0 1567.2 0.924 5.637 Line-5 1.532 15.38 1146.4 41.0 1794.8 0.904 6.271 Line-6 1.181 8.56 2132.0 30.0 1476.1 0.480 6.075 Line-7 1.683 16.08 752.2 38.0 1582.6 0.917 6.319 Line-8 2.124 21.88 394.2 30.0 1317.9 0.453 2.819 Line-9 2.499 20.41 186.6 38.0 2131.6 0.594 7.253 Line-10 2.427 23.32 131.8 51.0 937.9 0.998 5.244 Line-11 1.553 20.87 434.2 44.0 1880.2 0.913 6.576 Line-12 1.585 17.98 646.4 51.0 1427.1 1.027 5.851 Line-13 1.243 6.35 2797.8 31.0 1216.2 0.623 5.624 Line-14 1.820 9.78 994.6 27.0 1296.7 0.464 2.732 Table 182: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 183 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought conditions at flowering stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.74 2.27E−02 3 9 LBY3 0.85 3.67E−03 3 7 LBY3 0.72 2.91E−02 3 8 LBY3 0.77 8.98E−03 1 14 LBY3 0.78 7.18E−03 1 4 LBY3 0.82 3.64E−03 1 3 LBY55 0.79 6.84E−03 1 1 LBY55 0.78 7.54E−03 1 10 LBY55 0.78 7.27E−03 1 6 LBY55 0.73 1.67E−02 1 8 LBY57 0.72 1.17E−02 2 14 LBY57 0.79 7.01E−03 1 10 LBY59 0.72 1.29E−02 2 14 LBY59 0.72 1.18E−02 2 12 LBY59 0.72 1.99E−02 1 13 LBY66 0.78 1.32E−02 3 4 LBY66 0.81 8.20E−03 3 3 LBY67 0.77 1.54E−02 3 1 LBY67 0.82 6.78E−03 3 4 LBY67 0.80 1.04E−02 3 3 LBY67 0.87 1.06E−03 1 1 LBY67 0.88 8.30E−04 1 4 LBY67 0.84 2.31E−03 1 3 LBY69 0.75 1.88E−02 3 1 LBY69 0.72 2.72E−02 3 4 LBY69 0.76 1.77E−02 3 6 LBY69 0.75 7.89E−03 2 6 LBY70 0.83 3.14E−03 1 11 LBY71 0.72 1.88E−02 1 13 LBY75 0.76 1.13E−02 1 1 LBY75 0.75 1.31E−02 1 4 LBY77 0.74 2.34E−02 3 2 LBY77 0.89 5.26E−04 1 1 LBY77 0.73 1.73E−02 1 10 LBY77 0.79 6.33E−03 1 4 LBY77 0.80 5.12E−03 1 6 LBY77 0.75 1.33E−02 1 8 LBY81 0.87 1.20E−03 1 10 LBY82 0.74 2.13E−02 3 12 LBY85 0.84 2.27E−03 1 1 LBY85 0.75 1.30E−02 1 14 LBY85 0.83 3.08E−03 1 4 LBY85 0.73 1.70E−02 1 2 LBY85 0.74 1.37E−02 1 3 LBY85 0.73 1.64E−02 1 6 LBY89 0.73 1.04E−02 2 13 LGN52 0.83 3.00E−03 1 14 LGN60 0.79 1.15E−02 3 11 Table 183. Provide are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID”—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 175. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 171. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 184 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under drought conditions at grain filling stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.91 1.20E−02 1 15 LBY3 0.87 2.60E−02 1 2 LBY3 0.70 2.33E−02 2 9 LBY3 0.75 1.33E−02 2 7 LBY3 0.70 2.35E−02 3 8 LBY55 0.84 3.72E−02 1 1 LBY55 0.82 4.62E−02 1 4 LBY55 0.75 8.61E−02 1 3 LBY55 0.85 3.06E−02 1 6 LBY55 0.72 1.98E−02 2 10 LBY55 0.72 1.83E−02 2 9 LBY55 0.86 1.55E−03 2 7 LBY55 0.83 2.89E−03 2 8 LBY57 0.74 1.44E−02 2 2 LBY57 0.73 1.67E−02 3 15 LBY57 0.76 1.05E−02 3 2 LBY59 0.78 7.01E−02 1 2 LBY59 0.70 2.31E−02 2 7 LBY59 0.73 1.60E−02 3 2 LBY61 0.89 1.86E−02 1 13 LBY63 0.82 4.75E−02 1 11 LBY64 0.89 1.64E−02 1 1 LBY64 0.84 3.75E−02 1 4 LBY64 0.75 8.51E−02 1 3 LBY64 0.94 6.09E−03 1 6 LBY64 0.73 1.76E−02 2 9 LBY65 0.71 1.10E−01 1 15 LBY65 0.76 8.18E−02 1 2 LBY65 0.71 2.06E−02 2 2 LBY65 0.81 4.25E−03 2 9 LBY65 0.74 1.52E−02 2 7 LBY65 0.72 1.85E−02 3 14 LBY65 0.75 1.21E−02 3 2 LBY66 0.75 8.77E−02 1 11 LBY67 0.84 2.61E−03 3 13 LBY67 0.74 1.54E−02 3 14 LB8Y6 0.71 2.15E−02 2 9 LBY68 0.73 1.76E−02 3 15 LB8Y6 0.73 1.74E−02 3 12 LBY68 0.76 1.03E−02 3 2 LBY69 0.89 1.83E−02 1 1 LBY69 0.86 2.97E−02 1 13 LBY69 0.79 6.28E−02 1 5 LBY69 0.89 1.68E−02 1 10 LBY69 0.80 5.46E−02 1 12 LBY69 0.93 6.24E−03 1 4 LBY69 0.83 4.00E−02 1 11 LBY69 0.90 1.42E−02 1 3 LBY69 0.80 5.58E−02 1 6 LBY69 0.74 9.30E−02 1 8 LBY69 0.71 2.05E−02 2 11 LBY69 0.73 1.63E−02 3 1 LBY70 0.79 6.07E−02 1 13 LBY70 0.76 1.09E−02 2 10 LBY70 0.71 2.24E−02 2 9 LBY70 0.86 1.59E−03 2 7 LBY70 0.81 4.20E−03 2 8 LBY73 0.70 1.18E−01 1 13 LBY75 0.94 5.65E−03 1 13 LBY75 0.80 5.92E−03 2 9 LBY78 0.80 5.42E−02 1 5 LBY78 0.91 1.11E−02 1 11 LBY79 0.72 1.07E−01 1 4 LBY80 0.70 2.40E−02 2 10 LBY80 0.72 1.81E−02 2 8 LBY80 0.75 1.33E−02 3 13 LBY81 0.75 1.33E−02 2 10 LBY81 0.76 1.00E−02 2 8 LBY82 0.79 6.23E−02 1 10 LBY82 0.86 2.88E−02 1 9 LBY82 0.74 9.18E−02 1 7 LBY82 0.82 4.33E−02 1 8 LBY82 0.73 1.65E−02 2 5 LBY83 0.85 3.17E−02 1 1 LBY83 0.77 7.04E−02 1 4 LBY83 0.92 9.15E−03 1 6 LBY85 0.77 8.50E−03 3 14 LBY86 0.95 3.64E−03 1 13 LBY87 0.76 8.12E−02 1 4 LBY87 0.75 8.83E−02 1 3 LBY88 0.88 8.70E−04 3 14 LBY88 0.89 5.11E−04 3 12 LBY89 0.85 3.06E−02 1 1 LBY89 0.77 7.23E−02 1 4 LBY89 0.80 5.65E−02 1 9 LBY89 0.83 4.27E−02 1 7 LBY89 0.93 7.46E−03 1 6 LBY91 0.79 6.39E−02 1 9 LB1Y9 0.74 9.51E−02 1 8 LBY92 0.90 1.54E−02 1 13 LBY92 0.78 6.74E−02 1 12 LBY92 0.70 2.30E−02 3 7 LGN52 0.80 5.38E−02 1 11 LGN60 0.95 3.79E−03 1 11 Table 184. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 175. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 172. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 185 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions at flowering stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.76 6.43E−03 1 12 LBY55 0.74 1.54E−02 2 13 LBY57 0.75 8.25E−03 1 10 LBY59 0.78 4.68E−03 1 12 LBY62 0.74 8.79E−03 1 7 LBY65 0.71 1.46E−02 1 7 LBY77 0.86 1.47E−03 2 9 LBY77 0.80 5.22E−03 2 7 LBY77 0.78 7.84E−03 2 8 LBY81 0.82 2.07E−03 1 12 LBY84 0.73 1.09E−02 1 11 LBY88 0.83 1.60E−03 1 12 LBY91 0.76 6.79E−03 1 7 Table 185. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 175. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 173. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 186 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions at grain filling stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.73 1.76E−02 2 1 LBY3 0.79 1.90E−02 3 1 LBY3 0.77 2.59E−02 3 13 LBY3 0.74 3.71E−02 3 4 LBY3 0.82 1.18E−02 3 9 LBY3 0.92 1.30E−03 3 7 LBY3 0.87 5.15E−03 3 8 LBY3 0.86 2.90E−02 1 11 LBY55 0.73 1.55E−02 2 13 LBY55 0.77 9.15E−03 2 9 LBY55 0.87 1.11E−03 2 7 LBY55 0.70 2.40E−02 2 8 LBY55 0.78 2.27E−02 3 15 LBY55 0.73 1.02E−01 1 10 LBY55 0.95 3.29E−03 1 9 LBY55 0.95 3.11E−03 1 7 LBY55 0.90 1.42E−02 1 6 LBY55 0.89 1.88E−02 1 8 LBY57 0.76 2.88E−02 3 11 LBY57 0.82 4.43E−02 1 10 LBY59 0.76 1.06E−02 2 15 LBY59 0.81 4.79E−03 2 13 LBY59 0.70 5.09E−02 3 15 LBY59 0.93 7.50E−04 3 13 LBY59 0.73 4.00E−02 3 10 LBY59 0.76 2.96E−02 3 9 LBY59 0.92 1.23E−03 3 7 LBY59 0.89 3.18E−03 3 8 LBY61 0.72 1.91E−02 2 4 LBY61 0.76 1.05E−02 2 11 LBY61 0.71 2.15E−02 2 3 LBY61 0.72 4.26E−02 3 12 LBY62 0.76 7.64E−02 1 14 LBY62 0.89 1.84E−02 1 5 LBY62 0.88 1.98E−02 1 11 LBY63 0.95 3.18E−03 1 12 LBY63 0.72 1.05E−01 1 2 LBY64 0.81 1.39E−02 3 7 LBY64 0.80 1.73E−02 3 6 LBY64 0.70 5.17E−02 3 8 LBY64 0.75 8.47E−02 1 1 LBY64 0.84 3.53E−02 1 10 LBY64 0.84 3.80E−02 1 9 LBY64 0.85 3.37E−02 1 6 LBY64 0.88 2.22E−02 1 8 LBY65 0.72 4.53E−02 3 5 LBY65 0.82 4.77E−02 1 15 LBY65 0.70 1.20E−01 1 7 LBY67 0.72 1.86E−02 2 13 LBY67 0.79 6.31E−03 2 9 LBY67 0.95 3.49E−05 2 7 LBY67 0.71 2.09E−02 2 8 LBY67 0.92 1.42E−03 3 13 LBY67 0.83 1.01E−02 3 10 LBY67 0.73 3.99E−02 3 7 LBY67 0.83 1.09E−02 3 8 LBY67 0.83 4.15E−02 1 13 LBY67 0.76 8.17E−02 1 2 LBY67 0.86 2.75E−02 1 11 LBY67 0.71 1.11E−01 1 9 LBY68 0.79 6.86E−03 2 7 LBY68 0.80 1.75E−02 3 11 LBY68 0.73 9.88E−02 1 1 LBY68 0.95 3.68E−03 1 10 LBY68 0.89 1.62E−02 1 9 LBY68 0.80 5.44E−02 1 7 LBY68 0.91 1.30E−02 1 6 LBY68 0.94 4.82E−03 1 8 LBY69 0.78 7.63E−03 2 7 LBY69 0.72 4.25E−02 3 7 LBY70 0.78 7.24E−03 2 9 LBY70 0.86 1.60E−03 2 7 LBY70 0.73 1.75E−02 2 8 LBY70 0.77 7.35E−02 1 10 LBY71 0.86 2.78E−02 1 10 LBY71 0.83 4.11E−02 1 9 LBY71 0.79 5.89E−02 1 6 LBY71 0.85 3.38E−02 1 8 LBY72 0.72 1.05E−01 1 1 LBY72 0.73 9.91E−02 1 4 LBY73 0.76 8.12E−02 1 5 LBY73 0.72 1.09E−01 1 11 LBY74 0.75 1.32E−02 2 9 LBY74 0.80 5.44E−02 1 10 LBY75 0.81 5.03E−02 1 15 LBY75 0.91 1.13E−02 1 1 LBY75 0.89 1.61E−02 1 13 LBY75 0.83 3.91E−02 1 10 LBY75 0.85 3.10E−02 1 4 LBY75 0.96 2.74E−03 1 9 LBY75 0.72 1.07E−01 1 7 LBY75 0.95 4.07E−03 1 6 LBY75 0.95 3.54E−03 1 8 LBY76 0.73 4.11E−02 3 9 LBY76 0.78 6.64E−02 1 10 LBY77 0.79 5.90E−02 1 9 LBY77 0.77 7.20E−02 1 6 LBY77 0.71 1.17E−01 1 8 LBY78 0.71 1.15E−01 1 2 LBY79 0.94 5.31E−03 1 10 LBY79 0.90 1.36E−02 1 9 LBY79 0.73 1.02E−01 1 7 LBY79 0.90 1.56E−02 1 6 LBY79 0.94 5.31E−03 1 8 LBY80 0.89 4.95E−04 2 9 LBY80 0.84 2.34E−03 2 7 LBY80 0.85 1.89E−03 2 8 LBY80 0.73 3.90E−02 3 1 LBY80 0.90 2.21E−03 3 9 LBY80 0.90 2.44E−03 3 7 LBY80 0.79 2.06E−02 3 8 LBY80 0.78 6.56E−02 1 7 LBY81 0.80 5.22E−03 2 9 LBY81 0.82 3.85E−03 2 7 LBY81 0.81 4.65E−03 2 8 LBY81 0.82 1.24E−02 3 15 LBY81 0.81 1.48E−02 3 13 LBY81 0.71 4.82E−02 3 7 LBY81 0.91 1.25E−02 1 9 LBY81 0.85 3.35E−02 1 7 LBY81 0.84 3.57E−02 1 6 LBY81 0.80 5.36E−02 1 8 LBY82 0.71 4.80E−02 3 14 LBY82 0.76 8.01E−02 1 1 LBY82 0.82 4.44E−02 1 10 LBY82 0.81 5.01E−02 1 4 LBY82 0.71 1.17E−01 1 3 LBY82 0.71 1.11E−01 1 8 LBY83 0.80 5.67E−02 1 1 LBY83 0.74 9.45E−02 1 10 LBY83 0.70 1.21E−01 1 4 LBY83 0.76 7.86E−02 1 9 LBY83 0.78 6.66E−02 1 6 LBY83 0.80 5.68E−02 1 8 LBY84 0.74 9.01E−02 1 5 LBY84 0.72 1.09E−01 1 11 LBY85 0.73 1.56E−02 2 10 LBY85 0.78 8.15E−03 2 8 LBY85 0.85 3.31E−02 1 1 LBY85 0.84 3.62E−02 1 4 LBY85 0.82 4.35E−02 1 2 LBY85 0.77 7.32E−02 1 3 LBY86 0.71 1.13E−01 1 14 LBY88 0.74 9.34E−02 1 11 LBY89 0.78 2.24E−02 3 13 LBY89 0.75 3.12E−02 3 9 LBY89 0.95 2.73E−04 3 7 LBY89 0.75 3.23E−02 3 6 LBY89 0.85 7.56E−03 3 8 LBY89 0.78 6.48E−02 1 1 LBY89 0.87 2.33E−02 1 10 LBY89 0.88 2.18E−02 1 9 LBY89 0.88 2.13E−02 1 6 LBY89 0.91 1.17E−02 1 8 LBY91 0.73 1.02E−01 1 1 LGN52 0.77 2.44E−02 3 9 LGN52 0.75 3.12E−02 3 7 LGN52 0.82 4.69E−02 1 5 LGN52 0.70 1.20E−01 1 11 LGN60 0.81 4.26E−03 2 13 LGN60 0.84 2.50E−03 2 10 LGN60 0.74 1.38E−02 2 8 LGN60 0.74 3.57E−02 3 13 LGN60 0.76 8.17E−02 1 7 Table 186. Provide are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 175. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 174. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 187 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance of maintenance of performance under drought vs normal conditions at flowering stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY56 0.77 5.90E−03 2 1 LBY57 0.81 2.40E−03 2 11 LBY58 0.82 6.62E−03 3 1 LBY59 0.83 1.50E−03 2 11 LBY61 0.74 2.35E−02 3 12 LBY62 0.78 1.35E−02 3 1 LBY62 0.84 4.57E−03 3 10 LBY62 0.84 4.95E−03 3 8 LBY63 0.72 1.24E−02 2 12 LBY63 0.87 4.23E−04 2 7 LBY64 0.78 7.91E−03 1 3 LBY64 0.80 5.26E−03 1 4 LBY64 0.75 1.32E−02 1 6 LBY65 0.81 7.64E−03 3 1 LBY65 0.74 1.34E−02 1 1 LBY66 0.78 5.03E−03 2 7 LBY67 0.77 5.30E−03 2 6 LBY67 0.85 1.93E−03 1 12 LBY68 0.70 2.31E−02 1 12 LBY68 0.75 1.26E−02 1 7 LBY69 0.74 2.14E−02 3 10 LBY69 0.72 2.98E−02 3 8 LBY70 0.77 1.57E−02 3 12 LBY70 0.79 1.08E−02 3 4 LBY70 0.83 5.73E−03 3 6 LBY70 0.71 2.09E−02 1 13 LBY71 0.81 4.65E−03 1 3 LBY71 0.73 1.73E−02 1 4 LBY71 0.76 1.04E−02 1 5 LBY72 0.76 1.67E−02 3 13 LBY72 0.83 6.03E−03 3 11 LBY73 0.72 3.01E−02 3 12 LBY73 0.82 6.40E−03 3 14 LBY75 0.71 3.13E−02 3 14 LBY75 0.71 3.14E−02 3 7 LBY75 0.77 9.49E−03 1 8 LBY77 0.73 2.49E−02 3 14 LBY78 0.75 7.68E−03 2 7 LBY80 0.76 1.81E−02 3 1 LBY83 0.80 5.35E−03 1 3 LBY83 0.85 2.03E−03 1 5 LBY84 0.79 3.70E−03 2 8 LBY85 0.75 8.32E−03 2 11 LBY85 0.71 2.02E−02 1 2 LBY87 0.72 1.82E−02 1 1 LBY89 0.79 6.80E−03 1 5 LBY92 0.71 1.43E−02 2 2 LBY92 0.74 8.72E−03 2 11 LGN52 0.76 1.82E−02 3 11 LGN52 0.83 1.74E−03 2 7 LGN52 0.70 2.36E−02 1 2 LGN52 0.73 1.61E−02 1 9 LGN52 0.86 1.38E−03 1 11 Table 187. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 176. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 171. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 188 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance of maintenance of performance under drought vs normal conditions at grain filling stage across foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.83 3.99E−02 1 2 LBY3 0.72 2.00E−02 3 14 LBY56 0.81 5.25E−02 1 1 LBY56 0.87 2.46E−02 1 4 LBY56 0.90 1.42E−02 1 6 LBY57 0.91 1.25E−02 1 4 LBY57 0.87 2.35E−02 1 6 LBY58 0.73 1.03E−01 1 1 LBY58 0.77 7.32E−02 1 3 LBY58 0.72 1.77E−02 2 7 LBY58 0.70 2.33E−02 3 12 LBY61 0.84 3.79E−02 1 12 LBY61 0.76 7.93E−02 1 7 LBY62 0.72 1.08E−01 1 13 LBY62 0.82 4.41E−02 1 10 LBY62 0.76 8.16E−02 1 8 LBY64 0.74 8.97E−02 1 12 LBY64 0.77 7.41E−02 1 7 LBY64 0.75 1.29E−02 2 14 LBY65 0.80 5.42E−02 1 5 LBY68 0.77 7.27E−02 1 1 LBY68 0.90 1.47E−02 1 4 LBY68 0.96 2.83E−03 1 6 LBY68 0.87 1.15E−03 2 12 LBY68 0.74 1.46E−02 2 10 LBY68 0.78 7.16E−03 2 7 LBY68 0.71 2.09E−02 2 8 LBY68 0.82 3.41E−03 3 14 LBY69 0.76 7.86E−02 1 3 LBY69 0.95 3.49E−03 1 9 LBY69 0.82 4.41E−02 1 5 LBY69 0.72 1.08E−01 1 8 LBY69 0.76 1.13E−02 3 14 LBY69 0.74 1.34E−02 3 10 LBY69 0.77 9.69E−03 3 8 LBY70 0.80 5.44E−02 1 12 LBY71 0.82 4.58E−02 1 1 LBY71 0.91 1.30E−02 1 3 LBY71 0.85 3.31E−02 1 4 LBY72 0.90 1.45E−02 1 9 LBY73 0.80 5.45E−02 1 11 LBY74 0.82 4.79E−02 1 1 LBY75 0.74 9.19E−02 1 1 LBY75 0.81 4.97E−02 1 4 LBY75 0.94 6.09E−03 1 6 LBY75 0.75 1.32E−02 2 12 LBY75 0.73 1.58E−02 2 7 LBY75 0.74 1.45E−02 3 12 LBY75 0.89 6.48E−04 3 7 LBY76 0.82 4.53E−02 1 1 LBY76 0.84 3.62E−02 1 4 LBY76 0.94 4.78E−03 1 6 LBY77 0.86 1.53E−03 3 12 LBY77 0.70 2.32E−02 3 7 LBY78 0.77 7.17E−02 1 1 LBY78 0.77 7.15E−02 1 10 LBY78 0.90 1.46E−02 1 4 LBY78 0.87 2.27E−02 1 9 LBY78 0.90 1.43E−02 1 6 LBY78 0.85 3.27E−02 1 8 LBY78 0.72 1.87E−02 2 6 LBY78 0.77 9.44E−03 3 7 LBY80 0.80 5.66E−02 1 1 LBY80 0.84 3.50E−02 1 4 LBY80 0.93 6.96E−03 1 6 LBY81 0.72 1.07E−01 1 3 LBY81 0.87 2.45E−02 1 5 LBY82 0.83 4.26E−02 1 3 LBY82 0.88 2.19E−02 1 5 LBY83 0.71 1.12E−01 1 12 LBY83 0.76 8.23E−02 1 7 LBY84 0.93 6.32E−03 1 11 LBY87 0.70 2.36E−02 2 11 LBY89 0.81 5.12E−02 1 12 LBY89 0.89 1.61E−02 1 7 LBY91 0.84 3.61E−02 1 3 LBY91 0.82 4.69E−02 1 5 LGN60 0.74 9.54E−02 1 1 LGN60 0.82 4.33E−02 1 10 LGN60 0.82 4.63E−02 1 9 LGN60 0.89 1.70E−02 1 6 LGN60 0.88 2.15E−02 1 8 LGN60 0.77 9.77E−03 2 10 LGN60 0.70 2.38E−02 2 4 LGN60 0.73 1.59E−02 2 6 LGN60 0.72 1.83E−02 2 8 Table 188. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 176. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 172. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 21 Production of Foxtail Millet Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Foxtail Millet Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis comparing between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a foxtail millet oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K foxtail millet genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 14 different foxtail millet accessions were analyzed. Among them, 11 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

Fourteen Foxtail millet accessions in 5 repetitive plots, in the field. Foxtail millet seeds were sown in soil and grown under normal condition [15 units of Nitrogen (kg nitrogen per dunam)], reduced nitrogen fertilization (2.5-3.0 units of Nitrogen in the soil (based on soil measurements) and reduced stands in the field [i.e., 8 plants per meter per row as compared to “standard” stands of 17 plants per meter row].

Analyzed Foxtail millet tissues—three tissues at different developmental stages [leaf, flower, and stem], representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Tables 189-190 below.

TABLE 189 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions Expression Set Set ID flag leaf grown under Normal conditions, grain filling 1 stage flag leaf grown under Normal conditions, heading stage 2 flower grown under Normal conditions, heading stage 3 head grown under Normal conditions, grain filling 4 stage leaf grown under Normal conditions, seedling stage 5 low stem grown under Normal conditions, heading 6 stage mature leaf grown under Normal conditions, grain 7 filling stage root grown under Normal conditions, seedling stage 8 stem grown under Normal conditions, seedling stage 9 stem node grown under Normal conditions, grain 10 filling stage up stem grown under Normal conditions, grain filling 11 stage up stem grown under Normal conditions, heading stage 12 vein grown under Normal conditions, grain filling stage 13 Table 189. Provided are the foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions

TABLE 190 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under low N conditions Expression Set Set ID flag leaf grown under Low N conditions, grain filling 1 stage flag leaf grown under Low N conditions, heading stage 2 flower grown under Low N conditions, heading stage 3 head grown under Low N conditions, grain filling 4 stage low stem grown under Low N conditions, heading 5 stage mature leaf grown under Low N conditions, grain 6 filling stage stem node grown under Low N conditions, grain 7 filling stage up stem grown under Low N conditions, grain filling 8 stage up stem grown under Low N conditions, heading stage 9 vein grown under Low N conditions, grain filling stage 10 Table 190. Provided are the foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets under low N conditions.

Foxtail millet yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were continuously phenotyped during the growth period and at harvest (Tables 191-192, below). The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the Plant ‘Head’ and the following parameters were measured and collected:

(i) Average Grain Area (cm²)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

(ii) Average Grain Length and width (cm)—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

At the end of the growing period 14 ‘Heads’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system.

(i) Head Average Area (cm²)—The ‘Head’ area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

(ii) Head Average Length (mm)—The ‘Head’ length (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘Heads’.

The image processing system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Additional parameters were collected either by sampling 5 plants per plot (SP) or by measuring the parameter across all the plants within the plot (RP).

Total Grain Weight (gr.)—At the end of the experiment (plant ‘Heads’) heads from plots were collected, the heads were threshed and grains were weighted. In addition, the average grain weight per head was calculated by dividing the total grain weight by number of total heads per plot (based on plot).

Head weight and head number—At the end of the experiment, heads were harvested from each plot and were counted and weighted (kg.).

Biomass at harvest—At the end of the experiment the vegetative material from plots was weighted.

Dry weight—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours at harvest.

Total dry mater per plot—Calculated as Vegetative portion above ground plus all the heads dry weight per plot.

Number days to anthesis—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives anthesis.

Total No. of tillers—all tillers were counted per plot at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at time of flowering. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Root FW (gr.), root length (cm) and No. of lateral roots—one plant per plot (5 repeated plots) were selected for measurement of root weight, root length and for counting the number of lateral roots formed.

Shoot FW (fresh weight)—weight of one plant per plot were recorded at different time-points.

Grain N (H)—% N (nitrogen) content of dry matter in the grain at harvest.

Head N (GF)—% N content of dry matter in the head at grain filling.

Total shoot N—calculated as the % N content multiplied by the weight of plant shoot

Total grain N—calculated as the % N content multiplied by the weight of plant grain yield.

NUE [kg/kg]—was calculated based on Formula LI.

NUpE [kg/kg]—was calculated based on Formula LII.

Grain NUtE—was calculated based on Formula LV.

Total NUtE was calculated based on Formula LIII.

Stem volume—was calculated based on Formula L above.

Stem density—was calculated based on Formula LIV.

Maintenance of performance under low N conditions—Represent ratio for the specified parameter of low N condition results divided by Normal conditions results (maintenance of phenotype under low N in comparison to normal conditions).

Data parameters collected are summarized in Tables 191-192 herein below

TABLE 191 Foxtail millet correlated parameters under normal and lowN conditions (vectors)-set 1 Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.] 1 Grain Perimeter [mm] 2 Grain area [mm²] 3 Grain length [mm] 4 Grain width [mm] 5 Grains Yield per plant (RP) [gr.] 6 Grains yield (RP) [gr.] 7 Heads FW (RP) [gr.] 8 Heads FW (SP) [gr.] 9 Heads num (SP) [number] 10 Heads weight (RP) [gr.] 11 Heads weight (SP) [gr.] 12 Heads weight per plant (RP) [gr.] 13 Leaves num_1 [number] 14 Leaves num_2 [number] 15 Leaves num_3 [number] 16 Leaves num_4 [number] 17 Leaves temperature_1 [° C.] 18 Leaves temperature_2 [° C.] 19 Lower Stem DW (F) [gr.] 20 Lower Stem FW (F) [gr.] 21 Lower Stem length (F) [cm] 22 Lower Stem width (F) [cm] 23 Num days to Heading (field) [days] 24 Num days to Maturity [days] 25 Num lateral roots [number] 26 Plant height growth [cm/day] 27 Plant height_1 [cm] 28 Plant height_2 [cm] 29 Plant height_3 [cm] 30 Plant height_4 [cm] 31 Plant num at harvest [number] 32 Plant weight growth [gr./day] 33 Root length [cm] 34 SPAD (F) [SPAD unit] 35 SPAD_1 [SPAD unit] 36 SPAD_2 [SPAD unit] 37 Shoot DW_1 [gr.] 38 Shoot DW_2 [gr.] 39 Shoot DW_3 [gr.] 40 Tillering_1 [number] 41 Tillering_2 [number] 42 Tillering_3 [number] 43 Upper Stem DW (F) [gr.] 44 Upper Stem FW (F) [gr.] 45 Upper Stem length (F) [cm] 46 Upper Stem width (F) [cm] 47 Vegetative DW (RP) [gr.] 48 Vegetative DW (SP) [gr.] 49 Vegetative DW per plant [gr.] 50 Vegetative FW (RP) [gr.] 51 Vegetative FW (SP) [gr.] 52 Table 191. Provided are the foxtail millet collected parameters under normal conditions. “num” = number; “gr.” = grams; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “cm” = centimeter; “N” = nitrogen; “GF” = grain filling stage; “FW” = fresh weight, “DW” = dry weight; “num” = number; “NutE” = Nitrogen utilization efficiency; “NUE” = Nitrogen use efficiency; “NHI” = nitrogen harvest index; “NupE” = Nitrogen uptake efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “Avr” = average; “RGR’ = relative growth rate.

TABLE 192 Foxtail millet additional correlated parameters under normal and low N conditions (vectors)-set 2 Correlated parameter with Correlation ID Grain N (H) [%] 1 Head C_vs._N (GF) [ratio] 2 Head N (GF) [%] 3 N harvest index [ratio] 4 NUE [ratio] 5 NUpE [ratio] 6 Shoot N (H) [%] 7 Total grain N (H) [mg] 8 Total shoot N (H) [mg] 9 Grain C_vs_N (H) [ratio] 10 Grain NUtE [ratio] 11 Shoot C_vs_N (H) [ratio] 12 Total NUtE [ratio] 13 Table 192. Provided are the foxtail millet collected parameters under normal conditions. “num” = number; “gr.” = grams; “mg” = milligram; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “cm” = centimeter; “N” = nitrogen; “GF” = grain filling stage; “FW” = fresh weight, “DW” = dry weight; “num” = number; “NutE” = Nitrogen utilization efficiency; “NUE” = Nitrogen use efficiency; “NHI” = nitrogen harvest index; “NupE” = Nitrogen uptake efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “vs.” = versus.

Experimental Results

Fourteen different foxtail millet accessions were grown and characterized for different parameters as described above. The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 193-200 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters was conducted (Tables 201-204). Follow, results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 193 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions (set 1 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 3.478 2.197 2.486 2.626 2.662 2.664 2.175 2 0.722 0.675 0.685 0.687 0.719 0.723 0.581 3 0.0357 0.0295 0.0308 0.0315 0.0341 0.0339 0.0243 4 0.245 0.256 0.256 0.251 0.268 0.274 0.197 5 0.185 0.147 0.153 0.160 0.162 0.158 0.157 6 34.714 22.998 24.837 31.068 26.644 28.315 34.919 7 1086.0 679.2 727.6 797.6 792.4 856.8 902.8 8 1.799 1.115 1.074 1.344 1.320 1.114 1.364 9 0.245 0.171 0.177 0.271 0.209 0.227 0.282 10 7.2 94.0 87.6 295.4 114.0 122.4 29.8 11 1.306 0.865 0.888 1.069 1.022 0.984 1.103 12 0.181 0.104 0.117 0.245 0.213 0.227 0.222 13 41.780 29.325 30.259 41.568 34.377 32.516 41.812 14 4.067 5.333 4.133 5.067 5.000 4.267 3.667 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 5.3 2.9 2.9 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.4 17 7.9 4.7 4.5 5.3 6.6 6.4 7.2 18 NA NA NA 27.698 28.019 28.345 28.233 19 30.179 NA NA NA NA NA NA 20 0.708 NA 0.304 0.156 0.153 0.198 0.606 21 4.213 NA 1.427 0.685 0.640 0.643 2.495 22 8.350 NA 10.253 8.750 6.688 7.638 8.075 23 7.240 NA 4.157 3.120 3.334 3.179 5.573 24 54.0 63.4 59.4 39.6 46.0 40.8 50.0 25 NA NA NA NA 75.0 75.0 NA 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27 2.097 1.419 1.321 2.098 1.934 2.445 1.845 28 3.717 2.917 3.250 3.550 3.450 3.683 2.917 29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 30 26.625 17.675 18.000 25.825 23.350 28.600 21.525 31 45.975 31.800 29.750 46.075 42.875 53.625 40.675 32 31.4 29.6 29.8 26.0 30.0 30.2 27.8 33 2.849 3.118 5.111 4.353 2.875 3.110 2.932 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 60.823 NA NA 54.677 49.935 57.472 58.590 36 NA NA NA 54.677 49.935 57.472 58.590 37 60.823 NA NA NA NA NA NA 38 12.746 19.518 14.434 20.696 20.626 21.008 14.012 39 57.056 65.700 54.290 59.784 60.760 71.992 53.975 40 88.870 97.874 162.658 135.962 100.392 103.332 97.308 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 1.063 21.150 16.750 34.300 17.150 10.850 3.286 43 1.400 10.300 7.600 10.700 6.400 9.200 2.222 44 0.806 NA 0.241 0.244 0.135 0.208 0.322 45 3.244 NA 0.482 0.670 0.434 0.503 1.279 46 33.667 NA 17.660 36.250 19.600 27.875 26.175 47 3.678 NA 1.776 1.513 1.593 1.499 2.553 48 1.059 1.557 1.166 0.668 0.668 0.712 0.866 49 0.126 0.231 0.206 0.108 0.112 0.128 0.158 50 33.349 52.770 41.100 25.796 22.521 23.543 31.899 51 3.186 3.853 2.777 1.979 2.152 1.574 2.188 52 0.445 0.568 0.528 0.389 0.267 0.374 NA Table 193: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 194 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions (set 1 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 2.568 2.897 1.935 2.194 2.816 2.488 3.185 2 0.665 0.684 0.616 0.616 0.707 0.669 0.744 3 0.0295 0.0319 0.0263 0.0262 0.0338 0.0303 0.0372 4 0.242 0.230 0.212 0.221 0.259 0.241 0.272 5 0.156 0.177 0.158 0.151 0.166 0.161 0.174 6 26.396 48.351 22.349 9.376 31.527 30.097 29.978 7 803.6 1120.8 584.4 268.0 818.8 800.8 818.4 8 1.158 1.693 1.441 0.567 1.129 1.232 1.266 9 0.250 0.395 0.245 0.130 0.254 0.312 0.286 10 129.2 11.0 13.2 53.6 32.8 60.6 323.2 11 0.984 1.286 1.035 0.421 0.999 0.990 1.023 12 0.244 0.296 0.178 0.101 0.224 0.244 0.231 13 32.103 60.605 39.914 14.615 38.414 37.473 37.417 14 3.767 3.792 3.733 4.000 3.900 4.033 5.233 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 4.1 3.9 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 17 7.0 6.7 5.9 4.8 5.2 5.2 9.3 18 27.962 NA NA NA NA NA 27.535 19 NA 30.921 NA NA NA NA NA 20 0.168 0.865 NA NA 0.548 0.934 0.085 21 0.759 3.128 NA NA 3.636 5.487 0.393 22 7.150 9.150 NA NA 10.181 12.256 8.975 23 3.610 6.952 NA NA 6.229 6.751 2.235 24 39.0 54.0 71.0 61.0 63.0 61.0 42.0 25 75.0 NA 98.0 109.0 98.0 98.0 NA 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27 2.560 1.905 0.966 1.161 1.348 1.499 2.119 28 3.630 4.117 2.467 3.100 3.583 3.433 3.633 29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 30 30.525 26.025 16.775 17.800 19.525 20.750 24.550 31 55.625 42.100 20.525 25.750 30.300 33.300 47.313 32 30.8 23.6 26.0 29.4 26.2 27.0 27.4 33 3.401 4.787 3.153 3.414 3.116 2.036 4.507 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 55.397 55.038 NA NA NA NA 55.900 36 55.397 NA NA NA NA NA 55.900 37 NA 55.038 NA NA NA NA NA 38 18.796 14.166 11.616 19.620 18.364 10.813 17.130 39 71.678 87.548 52.626 52.328 77.312 63.495 66.484 40 118.420 142.376 98.228 116.824 103.248 72.938 143.646 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 11.810 2.200 3.000 9.500 6.800 4.450 39.100 43 4.667 2.700 3.500 6.500 5.800 6.800 16.700 44 0.532 0.411 NA NA 0.373 0.767 0.083 45 0.928 1.491 NA NA 0.683 0.890 0.213 46 38.738 24.471 NA NA 21.925 16.469 21.900 47 1.900 3.191 NA NA 1.921 2.695 0.966 48 0.584 0.976 1.909 2.798 1.343 1.535 0.883 49 0.116 0.182 0.340 0.566 0.288 0.442 0.175 50 18.926 41.958 73.707 101.164 51.448 57.703 35.066 51 1.679 2.420 5.516 5.171 3.339 3.632 2.047 52 0.367 0.580 0.971 1.100 0.715 1.044 0.442 Table 194: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 195 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions (set 2 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Line-1 1.765 24.763 1.719 1.827 1.827 35.539 1.871 Line-2 2.364 19.628 2.213 1.210 1.210 32.850 1.525 Line-3 NA NA NA 1.307 1.307 NA NA Line-4 1.976 18.324 2.300 1.635 1.635 34.717 1.778 Line-5 2.071 21.671 1.967 1.402 1.402 31.398 1.989 Line-6 2.126 20.253 2.066 1.490 1.490 33.898 1.786 Line-7 2.127 16.983 2.445 1.838 1.838 41.822 1.625 Line-8 NA NA NA 1.389 1.389 NA NA Line-9 1.789 21.707 1.929 2.545 2.545 48.899 1.526 Line-10 3.052 24.075 1.808 1.176 1.176 40.598 1.210 Line-11 NA NA NA 0.493 0.493 0.000 NA Line-12 1.851 19.823 2.165 1.659 1.659 34.037 1.225 Line-13 NA NA NA 1.584 1.584 NA NA Line-14 1.971 18.396 2.265 1.578 1.578 35.904 2.603 Table 195: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 196 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions (set 2 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID 8 9 10 11 12 13 Line-1 612.841 62.403 23.774 0.556 22.225 0.101 Line-2 543.686 80.468 17.992 0.286 27.621 0.121 Line-3 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-4 613.745 45.876 21.319 0.677 23.037 0.086 Line-5 551.781 44.789 20.358 0.595 19.754 0.082 Line-6 602.010 42.048 19.684 0.673 19.987 0.081 Line-7 742.765 51.849 19.477 0.673 23.574 0.084 Line-8 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-9 865.048 64.025 23.184 0.755 24.995 0.097 Line-10 682.138 89.217 13.645 0.251 31.679 0.125 Line-11 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-12 583.649 63.049 22.670 0.500 30.770 0.128 Line-13 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-14 590.902 91.268 21.513 0.328 15.642 0.095 Table 196: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 197 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under low N conditions (set 1 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 3.706 2.375 2.523 2.725 2.782 2.824 2.297 2 0.728 0.678 0.690 0.698 0.718 0.728 0.577 3 0.0356 0.0299 0.0311 0.0324 0.0339 0.0343 0.0240 4 0.245 0.256 0.261 0.253 0.266 0.275 0.195 5 0.185 0.149 0.152 0.163 0.162 0.159 0.157 6 29.853 20.461 34.437 29.746 22.314 23.019 22.590 7 936.4 622.8 923.6 819.5 726.8 683.5 622.8 8 1.597 1.007 1.382 1.416 1.140 0.887 0.966 9 0.255 0.162 0.221 0.259 0.155 0.184 0.194 10 8.2 57.0 64.6 214.0 69.2 117.8 31.8 11 1.178 0.807 1.168 1.065 0.879 0.768 0.761 12 0.180 0.157 0.184 0.229 0.168 0.187 0.143 13 37.588 26.525 37.223 38.705 26.978 25.858 27.608 14 4.267 2.600 2.800 2.533 2.600 2.280 3.567 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 5.90 3.45 3.20 3.50 3.95 4.15 4.90 17 6.50 3.65 3.15 3.90 3.75 5.05 6.15 18 NA NA NA 26.298 27.093 27.808 27.653 19 30.827 NA NA NA NA NA NA 20 0.992 NA 0.296 0.180 0.143 0.247 0.553 21 3.569 NA 1.501 0.675 0.536 0.939 1.928 22 6.813 NA 10.456 8.338 6.763 7.463 6.438 23 6.851 NA 3.894 2.958 3.191 3.176 5.075 24 54.0 64.0 58.6 40.4 46.0 41.6 51.6 25 90.0 90.0 90.0 NA 75.0 NA NA 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27 1.638 0.998 1.011 1.812 1.497 1.875 1.376 28 4.213 3.757 3.717 3.873 4.270 4.192 3.427 29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 30 22.500 13.975 16.200 23.925 20.950 25.050 17.775 31 37.075 24.125 23.545 40.300 34.325 41.906 31.375 32 31.4 31.0 28.6 27.5 32.4 30.0 28.2 33 2.207 3.424 3.313 2.207 2.825 3.793 1.746 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 58.570 35.917 39.054 48.283 40.650 52.329 59.100 36 57.919 35.917 39.054 48.283 40.650 52.329 59.100 37 60.614 NA NA NA NA NA NA 38 11.042 8.184 9.418 14.438 13.458 14.918 8.044 39 54.660 53.940 70.220 67.833 76.020 85.675 48.275 40 67.282 101.450 95.214 66.740 84.320 100.265 55.045 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 1.1 11.0 12.4 22.6 14.0 10.6 1.6 43 1.300 9.100 8.250 17.000 8.100 12.250 2.200 44 0.749 NA 0.313 0.182 0.181 0.252 0.511 45 2.654 NA 0.589 0.543 0.485 0.548 1.565 46 29.075 NA 20.069 34.925 26.950 32.650 28.313 47 3.285 NA 1.709 1.335 1.526 1.536 2.581 48 0.965 1.108 1.143 0.594 0.506 0.578 0.560 49 0.125 0.161 0.183 0.111 0.080 0.115 0.108 50 30.745 35.916 36.871 21.658 15.539 19.349 20.205 51 3.033 2.548 2.862 2.219 1.966 1.208 1.369 52 0.390 0.364 0.437 0.380 0.186 0.321 NA Table 197: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available.

TABLE 198 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional foxtail millet accessions under low N conditions (set 1 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 2.591 3.152 2.027 2.483 3.448 2.852 3.059 2 0.676 0.686 0.621 0.632 0.719 0.692 0.752 3 0.0303 0.0325 0.0257 0.0277 0.0353 0.0321 0.0373 4 0.246 0.228 0.212 0.227 0.260 0.249 0.276 5 0.157 0.182 0.157 0.155 0.173 0.164 0.173 6 20.658 37.088 25.387 20.968 33.964 34.850 26.215 7 636.5 944.0 693.6 644.8 866.4 896.0 662.5 8 0.980 1.520 1.475 0.992 1.151 1.276 0.985 9 0.172 0.313 0.279 0.146 0.271 0.303 0.226 10 99.2 7.0 14.6 30.8 28.8 68.2 215.3 11 0.781 1.144 1.067 0.805 1.013 1.087 0.824 12 0.177 0.242 0.207 0.121 0.241 0.263 0.169 13 25.301 45.060 39.256 26.079 39.719 42.378 32.667 14 3.000 3.400 3.833 2.900 3.067 3.367 3.200 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 5.00 3.95 4.45 3.55 3.75 3.80 3.35 17 5.20 4.75 5.15 3.20 3.65 4.30 3.30 18 27.922 NA NA NA NA NA 27.175 19 NA 30.606 NA NA NA NA NA 20 0.162 0.955 NA NA 0.476 0.935 0.079 21 0.538 2.975 NA NA 3.934 4.391 0.303 22 7.163 8.500 NA NA 9.944 11.844 8.671 23 3.111 6.431 NA NA 6.516 6.079 2.133 24 39.0 55.4 72.4 61.0 62.2 62.4 42.8 25 75.0 90.0 98.0 109.0 98.0 98.0 NA 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27 2.104 1.468 0.839 0.831 1.103 1.178 1.252 28 3.723 4.663 3.107 3.567 4.007 3.753 3.480 29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 30 24.188 20.656 15.063 14.025 17.675 17.450 19.175 31 47.500 32.750 18.225 19.800 25.625 27.175 27.950 32 30.8 25.2 27.6 30.6 26.8 26.6 25.5 33 2.181 2.521 2.712 2.375 2.632 4.087 3.436 34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35 52.853 52.217 43.756 36.613 38.742 46.165 45.377 36 52.853 52.323 43.756 36.613 38.742 46.165 45.377 37 NA 52.495 NA NA NA NA NA 38 12.852 7.882 5.622 9.900 8.688 7.605 12.704 39 64.020 54.780 47.975 34.775 40.275 61.960 92.375 40 65.934 74.170 69.474 76.900 81.097 118.808 94.587 41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42 8.5 1.2 2.2 7.8 4.9 7.6 27.0 43 5.400 1.900 3.300 6.111 4.000 8.600 20.625 44 0.339 0.505 NA NA 0.683 0.756 0.088 45 0.715 1.525 NA NA 0.898 1.343 0.204 46 38.638 22.288 NA NA 27.169 18.073 26.913 47 1.715 2.823 NA NA 1.999 2.569 0.896 48 0.470 0.737 1.742 2.394 1.172 1.533 0.739 49 0.078 0.132 0.326 0.349 0.283 0.384 0.127 50 15.385 29.062 59.541 76.549 45.176 59.121 28.725 51 1.346 1.987 4.548 4.367 2.751 2.670 1.435 52 0.243 0.426 0.869 0.635 0.647 0.799 0.326 Table 198: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 199 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in foxtail millet accessions under low N conditions (set 2 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Line-1 NA NA NA NA 29.853 NA NA Line-2 2.030 59.677 1.974 0.894 20.461 464.773 1.377 Line-3 1.861 23.324 1.840 0.931 34.437 688.197 1.281 Line-4 1.599 35.999 1.198 0.922 29.746 516.068 1.864 Line-5 1.586 25.739 1.638 0.931 22.314 380.021 1.683 Line-6 1.971 33.810 1.229 0.936 23.019 484.900 1.609 Line-7 NA NA NA NA 22.590 NA NA Line-8 2.260 22.593 1.910 0.946 20.658 493.501 1.733 Line-9 1.429 22.112 1.920 0.925 37.088 572.757 1.474 Line-10 1.759 25.388 1.711 0.862 25.387 517.928 1.200 Line-11 NA NA NA NA 20.968 0.000 NA Line-12 1.809 20.586 2.096 0.929 33.964 661.856 1.047 Line-13 NA NA NA NA 34.850 NA NA Line-14 1.941 19.832 2.127 0.900 26.215 565.170 1.963 Table 199: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 200 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional foxtail millet accessions under low N conditions (set 2 parameters) Line/ Corr. ID 8 9 10 11 12 13 Line-1 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-2 415.320 49.453 20.741 0.414 28.238 0.121 Line-3 640.958 47.239 22.651 0.729 29.551 0.104 Line-4 475.705 40.363 25.730 0.737 20.639 0.100 Line-5 353.866 26.155 26.368 0.853 22.450 0.100 Line-6 453.769 31.131 21.260 0.739 20.204 0.087 Line-7 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-8 466.836 26.665 18.842 0.775 22.138 0.073 Line-9 529.913 42.844 28.928 0.866 25.048 0.115 Line-10 446.456 71.472 23.919 0.355 31.807 0.164 Line-11 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-12 614.571 47.285 23.217 0.718 35.765 0.120 Line-13 NA NA NA NA NA NA Line-14 508.793 56.377 21.670 0.465 20.076 0.097 Table 200: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (L = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available

TABLE 201 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Foxtail millet varieties (set 1) Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3 0.84 3.73E−02 8 48 LBY3 0.75 8.91E−02 8 51 LBY3 0.78 7.00E−02 8 50 LBY3 0.80 5.75E−02 8 24 LBY3 0.73 1.73E−02 3 48 LBY3 0.77 9.58E−03 3 24 LBY3 0.82 2.33E−02 5 47 LBY3 0.71 7.23E−02 5 45 LBY3 0.84 8.92E−03 11 23 LBY3 0.78 2.28E−02 11 47 LBY3 0.79 6.88E−03 11 6 LBY3 0.90 2.37E−03 11 20 LBY3 0.72 1.83E−02 11 7 LBY3 0.79 1.95E−02 11 21 LBY3 0.72 1.96E−02 1 49 LBY3 0.74 3.77E−02 12 21 LBY55 0.73 9.96E−02 8 8 LBY55 0.73 2.42E−02 4 11 LBY55 0.73 2.68E−02 4 8 LBY55 0.82 7.35E−03 4 5 LBY55 0.72 1.93E−02 3 27 LBY55 0.97 4.76E−06 3 16 LBY55 0.77 4.41E−02 3 35 LBY55 0.72 2.00E−02 3 31 LBY55 0.78 7.24E−03 3 17 LBY55 0.71 3.28E−02 2 9 LBY55 0.91 4.85E−03 2 23 LBY55 0.91 4.07E−03 2 47 LBY55 0.77 1.53E−02 2 6 LBY55 0.91 7.45E−04 2 11 LBY55 0.85 3.49E−03 2 13 LBY55 0.92 5.08E−04 2 8 LBY55 0.76 4.63E−02 2 45 LBY55 0.90 6.21E−03 2 20 LBY55 0.73 2.62E−02 2 7 LBY55 0.81 2.66E−02 2 21 LBY55 0.90 9.19E−04 2 5 LBY55 0.72 6.67E−02 5 23 LBY55 0.81 2.59E−02 5 47 LBY55 0.70 7.82E−02 5 45 LBY55 0.71 7.21E−02 5 20 LBY55 0.71 2.18E−02 11 13 LBY55 0.88 6.75E−04 1 9 LBY55 0.92 1.74E−04 1 6 LBY55 0.76 1.06E−02 1 11 LBY55 0.94 3.96E−05 1 13 LBY55 0.74 2.29E−02 1 20 LBY55 0.74 1.42E−02 1 7 LBY55 0.71 2.14E−02 12 9 LBY56 0.72 1.03E−01 8 3 LBY56 0.70 7.84E−02 2 22 LBY57 0.86 3.10E−03 2 4 LBY57 0.77 1.46E−02 2 3 LBY57 0.82 6.39E−03 2 2 LBY57 0.78 7.47E−03 1 43 LBY57 0.75 1.16E−02 1 14 LBY57 0.71 2.02E−02 1 10 LBY57 0.79 7.08E−03 1 4 LBY57 0.77 9.58E−03 1 42 LBY57 0.74 2.21E−02 9 52 LBY58 0.72 2.87E−02 9 43 LBY58 0.74 2.31E−02 9 3 LBY58 0.74 2.38E−02 9 17 LBY58 0.71 3.05E−02 9 2 LBY58 0.71 7.29E−02 12 35 LBY59 0.76 1.76E−02 4 4 LBY59 0.78 1.27E−02 4 38 LBY59 0.75 1.24E−02 3 9 LBY59 0.79 6.15E−03 3 12 LBY59 0.88 1.93E−03 2 9 LBY59 0.85 3.59E−03 2 6 LBY59 0.76 1.65E−02 2 11 LBY59 0.88 1.69E−03 2 13 LBY59 0.71 3.28E−02 2 28 LBY59 0.72 2.93E−02 2 12 LBY59 0.75 2.11E−02 2 7 LBY59 0.71 3.33E−02 2 5 LBY59 0.80 3.23E−02 5 47 LBY59 0.77 9.22E−03 11 9 LBY59 0.81 1.55E−02 11 23 LBY59 0.75 3.10E−02 11 47 LBY59 0.94 4.06E−05 11 6 LBY59 0.85 2.05E−03 11 11 LBY59 0.85 1.96E−03 11 13 LBY59 0.71 2.12E−02 11 8 LBY59 0.89 2.83E−03 11 20 LBY59 0.91 2.83E−04 11 7 LBY59 0.76 2.99E−02 11 21 LBY59 0.71 2.05E−02 11 5 LBY59 0.74 5.97E−02 1 35 LBY59 0.71 2.25E−02 1 24 LBY59 0.72 2.84E−02 1 22 LBY59 0.83 2.19E−02 9 44 LBY59 0.93 2.79E−03 9 23 LBY59 0.70 7.94E−02 9 47 LBY59 0.90 8.22E−04 9 48 LBY59 0.89 1.14E−03 9 51 LBY59 0.91 7.74E−04 9 50 LBY59 0.90 9.10E−04 9 24 LBY59 0.87 1.08E−02 9 22 LBY59 0.87 1.12E−02 9 20 LBY59 0.84 4.16E−03 9 49 LBY59 0.88 1.59E−03 9 52 LBY59 0.98 1.71E−04 9 21 LBY59 0.79 7.13E−03 12 48 LBY59 0.83 3.15E−03 12 50 LBY59 0.76 1.01E−02 12 24 LBY59 0.71 4.66E−02 12 22 LBY59 0.82 3.55E−03 12 49 LBY59 0.87 2.08E−03 12 52 LBY61 0.71 1.13E−01 8 14 LBY61 0.76 8.09E−02 8 4 LBY61 0.72 1.05E−01 8 2 LBY61 0.74 2.15E−02 4 48 LBY61 0.76 1.63E−02 4 50 LBY61 0.74 5.52E−02 4 22 LBY61 0.88 1.63E−03 4 49 LBY61 0.76 1.72E−02 4 52 LBY61 0.95 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1.18E−02 11 51 LBY75 0.72 1.86E−02 11 50 LBY75 0.87 1.08E−03 11 24 LBY75 0.88 8.07E−04 1 48 LBY75 0.80 5.97E−03 1 51 LBY75 0.84 2.29E−03 1 50 LBY75 0.83 2.68E−03 1 24 LBY75 0.86 3.10E−03 1 22 LBY75 0.89 6.43E−04 1 49 LBY75 0.87 2.26E−03 1 52 LBY75 0.75 1.21E−02 12 48 LBY75 0.77 9.16E−03 12 50 LBY75 0.91 1.79E−03 12 22 LBY75 0.79 6.42E−03 12 49 LBY75 0.71 3.10E−02 12 52 LBY76 0.89 1.67E−02 8 43 LBY76 0.73 9.68E−02 8 14 LBY76 0.72 1.03E−01 8 33 LBY76 0.88 2.05E−02 8 10 LBY76 0.74 9.54E−02 8 38 LBY76 0.87 2.39E−02 8 42 LBY76 0.72 6.91E−02 4 23 LBY76 0.77 4.32E−02 4 47 LBY76 0.94 1.97E−04 4 48 LBY76 0.94 1.97E−04 4 51 LBY76 0.90 1.04E−03 4 50 LBY76 0.88 1.57E−03 4 24 LBY76 0.80 2.94E−02 4 20 LBY76 0.78 1.32E−02 4 49 LBY76 0.77 1.47E−02 4 52 LBY76 0.75 5.11E−02 4 21 LBY76 0.72 2.90E−02 2 9 LBY76 0.81 8.22E−03 2 6 LBY76 0.74 2.23E−02 2 50 LBY76 0.75 4.99E−02 2 20 LBY76 0.89 3.24E−03 2 52 LBY76 0.82 6.30E−03 5 27 LBY76 0.82 6.36E−03 5 31 LBY76 0.71 3.14E−02 5 4 LBY76 0.84 4.46E−03 5 38 LBY76 0.72 6.92E−02 5 46 LBY76 0.74 2.14E−02 5 30 LBY76 0.74 1.46E−02 11 6 LBY76 0.76 1.00E−02 11 48 LBY76 0.75 1.27E−02 11 13 LBY76 0.76 1.07E−02 11 50 LBY76 0.82 3.55E−03 11 24 LBY76 0.85 7.49E−03 11 22 LBY76 0.77 9.67E−03 11 49 LBY76 0.74 2.22E−02 11 52 LBY76 0.82 6.76E−03 1 44 LBY76 0.81 8.52E−03 1 23 LBY76 0.88 1.77E−03 1 47 LBY76 0.87 1.14E−03 1 6 LBY76 0.75 1.16E−02 1 11 LBY76 0.78 7.80E−03 1 13 LBY76 0.81 4.50E−03 1 8 LBY76 0.89 1.12E−03 1 45 LBY76 0.81 8.64E−03 1 20 LBY76 0.72 1.92E−02 1 7 LBY76 0.80 1.04E−02 1 21 LBY76 0.71 7.37E−02 9 46 LBY76 0.75 3.35E−02 12 23 LBY76 0.83 3.29E−03 12 6 LBY76 0.84 9.60E−03 12 20 LBY76 0.71 3.14E−02 12 52 LBY77 0.74 1.52E−02 3 17 LBY77 0.77 1.53E−02 2 9 LBY77 0.75 2.11E−02 2 6 LBY77 0.74 2.38E−02 2 11 LBY77 0.75 2.00E−02 2 13 LBY77 0.71 3.27E−02 2 7 LBY77 0.71 3.20E−02 5 51 LBY77 0.92 1.35E−04 11 48 LBY77 0.85 1.82E−03 11 51 LBY77 0.93 1.19E−04 11 50 LBY77 0.84 2.58E−03 11 24 LBY77 0.90 2.13E−03 11 22 LBY77 0.92 1.31E−04 11 49 LBY77 0.88 1.68E−03 11 52 LBY77 0.91 2.62E−04 1 48 LBY77 0.78 3.67E−02 1 35 LBY77 0.86 1.47E−03 1 51 LBY77 0.89 5.99E−04 1 50 LBY77 0.88 7.44E−04 1 24 LBY77 0.83 5.50E−03 1 22 LBY77 0.94 3.89E−05 1 49 LBY77 0.92 5.06E−04 1 52 LBY78 0.74 2.23E−02 4 17 LBY78 0.71 3.06E−02 4 49 LBY78 0.81 4.61E−03 3 27 LBY78 0.81 4.33E−03 3 16 LBY78 0.81 4.70E−03 3 31 LBY78 0.71 3.09E−02 3 46 LBY78 0.83 2.89E−03 3 30 LBY78 0.81 7.61E−03 2 27 LBY78 0.79 1.06E−02 2 31 LBY78 0.70 3.50E−02 2 17 LBY78 0.71 7.19E−02 2 46 LBY78 0.82 7.22E−03 2 30 LBY78 0.84 1.82E−02 5 47 LBY78 0.71 3.21E−02 5 24 LBY78 0.70 7.90E−02 5 45 LBY78 0.72 6.79E−02 5 20 LBY78 0.77 8.85E−03 1 9 LBY78 0.74 1.54E−02 1 10 LBY78 0.76 1.01E−02 1 17 LBY78 0.76 2.94E−02 12 47 LBY78 0.89 4.71E−04 12 6 LBY78 0.78 7.82E−03 12 11 LBY78 0.74 1.52E−02 12 13 LBY78 0.76 1.07E−02 12 17 LBY78 0.82 1.19E−02 12 20 LBY78 0.72 1.82E−02 12 12 LBY78 0.91 2.33E−04 12 7 LBY79 0.74 8.99E−02 8 8 LBY79 0.74 1.42E−02 3 2 LBY79 0.73 1.58E−02 11 51 LBY79 0.72 1.77E−02 11 50 LBY79 0.78 7.82E−03 11 49 LBY79 0.88 1.52E−03 11 52 LBY79 0.82 6.29E−03 9 48 LBY79 0.81 8.59E−03 9 51 LBY79 0.85 3.93E−03 9 50 LBY79 0.74 5.96E−02 9 22 LBY79 0.81 8.64E−03 9 49 LBY79 0.86 2.92E−03 9 52 LBY79 0.82 3.69E−03 12 48 LBY79 0.95 8.70E−04 12 35 LBY79 0.84 2.13E−03 12 51 LBY79 0.82 3.91E−03 12 50 LBY79 0.73 1.62E−02 12 24 LBY79 0.78 7.51E−03 12 49 LBY79 0.88 1.72E−03 12 52 LBY80 0.75 8.69E−02 8 17 LBY80 0.75 2.08E−02 4 9 LBY80 0.85 3.88E−03 4 6 LBY80 0.70 3.42E−02 4 33 LBY80 0.74 2.33E−02 4 13 LBY80 0.71 3.15E−02 4 39 LBY80 0.77 1.56E−02 4 7 LBY80 0.72 1.97E−02 3 9 LBY80 0.89 1.16E−03 2 27 LBY80 0.90 9.11E−04 2 31 LBY80 0.84 4.99E−03 2 30 LBY80 0.82 2.34E−02 5 47 LBY80 0.77 1.56E−02 5 6 LBY80 0.80 9.43E−03 5 11 LBY80 0.77 1.55E−02 5 13 LBY80 0.79 1.05E−02 5 8 LBY80 0.81 2.78E−02 5 45 LBY80 0.73 6.24E−02 5 20 LBY80 0.76 1.70E−02 5 7 LBY80 0.71 2.17E−02 11 9 LBY80 0.79 7.12E−03 11 6 LBY80 0.72 1.84E−02 11 13 LBY80 0.73 4.14E−02 11 20 LBY80 0.82 3.91E−03 1 9 LBY80 0.84 2.50E−03 1 6 LBY80 0.80 5.06E−03 1 13 LBY80 0.76 1.79E−02 9 9 LBY80 0.78 3.87E−02 9 47 LBY80 0.79 1.09E−02 9 6 LBY80 0.74 2.18E−02 9 11 LBY80 0.82 6.85E−03 9 13 LBY80 0.74 2.21E−02 9 8 LBY80 0.84 1.75E−02 9 45 LBY80 0.72 6.77E−02 9 20 LBY80 0.78 7.68E−03 12 9 LBY80 0.81 4.58E−03 12 6 LBY80 0.72 1.98E−02 12 13 LBY81 0.72 1.07E−01 8 17 LBY81 0.70 2.33E−02 3 30 LBY81 0.81 4.41E−03 3 12 LBY81 0.78 1.39E−02 5 24 LBY81 0.79 6.81E−03 11 9 LBY81 0.80 1.67E−02 11 23 LBY81 0.75 3.18E−02 11 47 LBY81 0.81 4.56E−03 11 6 LBY81 0.78 7.36E−03 11 11 LBY81 0.87 1.21E−03 11 13 LBY81 0.74 1.47E−02 11 8 LBY81 0.89 3.27E−03 11 20 LBY81 0.77 2.59E−02 11 21 LBY81 0.75 2.00E−02 1 47 LBY81 0.78 7.48E−03 1 11 LBY81 0.78 7.95E−03 1 13 LBY81 0.83 3.05E−03 1 8 LBY81 0.76 1.71E−02 1 20 LBY81 0.75 1.32E−02 12 50 LBY81 0.73 3.99E−02 12 22 LBY81 0.76 1.06E−02 12 49 LBY81 0.82 6.75E−03 12 52 LBY82 0.87 2.27E−02 8 6 LBY82 0.72 1.06E−01 8 3 LBY82 0.74 5.98E−02 4 47 LBY82 0.73 6.22E−02 4 45 LBY82 0.81 4.92E−03 3 1 LBY82 0.74 2.40E−02 3 44 LBY82 0.73 1.65E−02 3 16 LBY82 0.78 1.36E−02 3 45 LBY82 0.72 2.01E−02 3 5 LBY82 0.72 2.80E−02 5 11 LBY82 0.70 7.92E−02 5 46 LBY82 0.74 2.16E−02 5 12 LBY82 0.78 1.27E−02 11 52 LBY82 0.72 7.03E−02 9 46 LBY82 0.81 4.63E−03 12 9 LBY82 0.80 1.83E−02 12 23 LBY82 0.94 5.54E−05 12 6 LBY82 0.70 2.38E−02 12 11 LBY82 0.86 1.45E−03 12 13 LBY82 0.73 4.12E−02 12 22 LBY82 0.88 3.58E−03 12 20 LBY82 0.80 5.94E−03 12 7 LBY82 0.75 3.30E−02 12 21 LBY83 0.83 3.11E−03 3 16 LBY83 0.76 4.79E−02 3 35 LBY83 0.75 5.36E−02 5 47 LBY83 0.77 9.07E−03 11 43 LBY83 0.90 4.49E−04 11 10 LBY83 0.72 1.83E−02 11 42 LBY84 0.73 9.91E−02 8 4 LBY84 0.82 3.70E−03 3 43 LBY84 0.76 1.04E−02 3 14 LBY84 0.70 2.31E−02 3 10 LBY84 0.82 3.68E−03 3 42 LBY84 0.73 2.61E−02 5 10 LBY84 0.86 1.25E−02 5 46 LBY84 0.73 6.06E−02 11 35 LBY84 0.84 4.39E−03 1 44 LBY84 0.70 3.52E−02 1 23 LBY84 0.82 7.04E−03 1 47 LBY84 0.71 2.21E−02 1 11 LBY84 0.83 5.49E−03 1 45 LBY84 0.72 2.89E−02 12 52 LBY85 0.90 1.02E−03 2 14 LBY85 0.73 2.71E−02 2 30 LBY85 0.77 4.26E−02 5 23 LBY85 0.81 2.86E−02 5 47 LBY85 0.72 2.86E−02 5 51 LBY85 0.80 9.11E−03 5 24 LBY85 0.73 6.43E−02 5 20 LBY85 0.70 2.34E−02 11 50 LBY85 0.77 8.66E−03 11 24 LBY85 0.70 5.13E−02 11 22 LBY85 0.75 1.18E−02 1 48 LBY85 0.75 1.18E−02 1 50 LBY85 0.79 6.18E−03 1 24 LBY85 0.80 1.02E−02 1 22 LBY85 0.87 1.09E−03 1 49 LBY85 0.83 5.34E−03 1 52 LBY85 0.84 1.80E−02 9 44 LBY85 0.78 3.95E−02 9 23 LBY85 0.88 8.24E−03 9 47 LBY85 0.71 3.33E−02 9 50 LBY85 0.82 2.25E−02 9 45 LBY85 0.85 1.55E−02 9 20 LBY85 0.78 1.39E−02 9 52 LBY85 0.88 7.82E−04 12 48 LBY85 0.85 1.87E−03 12 51 LBY85 0.93 1.17E−04 12 50 LBY85 0.80 5.42E−03 12 24 LBY85 0.86 6.59E−03 12 22 LBY85 0.92 1.73E−04 12 49 LBY85 0.95 8.82E−05 12 52 LBY86 0.73 9.84E−02 8 1 LBY86 0.77 7.44E−02 8 4 LBY86 0.92 1.02E−02 8 3 LBY86 0.87 2.48E−02 8 2 LBY86 0.71 1.11E−01 8 39 LBY86 0.73 1.00E−01 8 7 LBY86 0.91 6.76E−04 3 52 LBY86 0.79 1.86E−02 2 52 LBY86 0.90 8.00E−04 5 43 LBY86 0.93 2.79E−04 5 10 LBY86 0.71 3.29E−02 5 3 LBY86 0.87 2.16E−03 5 42 LBY86 0.76 1.12E−02 11 27 LBY86 0.76 1.13E−02 11 31 LBY86 0.74 1.42E−02 11 30 LBY86 0.80 5.80E−03 1 48 LBY86 0.83 3.11E−03 1 50 LBY86 0.88 7.92E−04 1 24 LBY86 0.89 1.37E−03 1 22 LBY86 0.86 1.33E−03 1 49 LBY86 0.82 7.34E−03 1 52 LBY87 0.71 1.10E−01 8 6 LBY87 0.70 3.44E−02 4 17 LBY87 0.75 2.09E−02 4 52 LBY87 0.73 1.62E−02 3 27 LBY87 0.74 1.54E−02 3 31 LBY87 0.77 9.18E−03 3 30 LBY87 0.92 1.50E−04 11 48 LBY87 0.74 5.62E−02 11 35 LBY87 0.90 3.73E−04 11 51 LBY87 0.93 1.01E−04 11 50 LBY87 0.83 3.00E−03 11 24 LBY87 0.89 3.38E−03 11 22 LBY87 0.96 8.57E−06 11 49 LBY87 0.95 8.94E−05 11 52 LBY87 0.70 2.41E−02 12 9 LBY87 0.80 5.26E−03 12 33 LBY87 0.71 2.06E−02 12 13 LBY88 0.98 3.85E−04 8 8 LBY88 0.79 6.65E−03 3 51 LBY88 0.74 5.73E−02 2 23 LBY88 0.72 6.89E−02 2 21 LBY88 0.86 3.30E−03 5 24 LBY88 0.73 1.58E−02 1 24 LBY88 0.79 1.05E−02 1 22 LBY88 0.72 2.98E−02 9 48 LBY88 0.73 2.42E−02 9 50 LBY88 0.86 1.30E−02 9 22 LBY88 0.70 3.47E−02 9 49 LBY88 0.79 1.13E−02 9 52 LBY88 0.77 9.62E−03 12 48 LBY88 0.73 1.55E−02 12 51 LBY88 0.81 4.14E−03 12 50 LBY88 0.74 1.46E−02 12 24 LBY88 0.76 1.09E−02 12 49 LBY88 0.86 2.89E−03 12 52 LBY89 0.73 9.62E−02 8 8 LBY89 0.72 1.09E−01 8 52 LBY89 0.75 1.87E−02 3 44 LBY89 0.71 3.07E−02 3 47 LBY89 0.80 5.72E−03 3 16 LBY89 0.82 2.43E−02 3 35 LBY89 0.82 6.22E−03 3 45 LBY89 0.80 3.19E−02 5 47 LBY89 0.83 2.88E−03 11 10 LBY89 0.71 2.02E−02 11 42 LBY89 0.74 2.39E−02 12 52 LBY90 0.75 8.86E−02 8 51 LBY90 0.75 8.38E−02 8 50 LBY90 0.70 1.19E−01 8 24 LBY90 0.83 3.92E−02 8 49 LBY90 0.90 1.44E−02 8 52 LBY90 0.80 5.53E−03 3 48 LBY90 0.74 1.44E−02 3 51 LBY90 0.72 3.04E−02 3 22 LBY90 0.74 2.23E−02 2 50 LBY90 0.75 1.95E−02 2 24 LBY90 0.87 1.16E−02 2 22 LBY90 0.85 3.44E−03 2 49 LBY90 0.77 2.52E−02 2 52 LBY90 0.72 1.88E−02 11 48 LBY90 0.74 1.42E−02 11 51 LBY90 0.74 1.51E−02 11 50 LBY90 0.76 1.00E−02 11 49 LBY90 0.81 8.45E−03 11 52 LBY90 0.72 1.77E−02 1 48 LBY90 0.71 2.24E−02 1 50 LBY90 0.79 6.17E−03 1 24 LBY90 0.73 2.68E−02 1 22 LBY90 0.82 3.49E−03 1 49 LBY90 0.71 3.24E−02 1 52 LBY90 0.75 1.21E−02 12 48 LBY90 0.78 3.73E−02 12 35 LBY90 0.83 3.17E−03 12 51 LBY90 0.77 8.63E−03 12 50 LBY90 0.75 1.28E−02 12 49 LBY90 0.82 6.30E−03 12 52 LBY90 0.71 5.04E−02 12 21 LBY91 0.72 1.10E−01 8 48 LBY91 0.81 2.84E−02 4 44 LBY91 0.70 3.55E−02 4 48 LBY91 0.72 1.09E−01 4 35 LBY91 0.82 7.23E−03 4 51 LBY91 0.88 9.41E−03 4 45 LBY91 0.73 2.68E−02 4 52 LBY91 0.72 2.95E−02 9 43 LBY91 0.93 2.47E−04 9 10 LBY91 0.91 7.70E−04 9 42 LBY91 0.70 5.27E−02 12 22 LBY91 0.75 1.32E−02 12 49 LBY92 0.72 1.09E−01 8 8 LBY92 0.76 1.80E−02 4 16 LBY92 0.75 8.55E−02 4 35 LBY92 0.82 1.23E−02 11 23 LBY92 0.73 3.85E−02 11 47 LBY92 0.88 8.74E−04 11 13 LBY92 0.71 2.28E−02 11 8 LBY92 0.91 1.46E−03 11 20 LBY92 0.74 3.43E−02 11 21 LBY92 0.80 8.92E−03 1 22 LBY92 0.76 1.15E−02 12 50 LBY92 0.72 4.37E−02 12 20 LBY92 0.76 1.12E−02 12 49 LBY92 0.92 4.14E−04 12 52 LGN52 0.76 7.80E−02 8 14 LGN52 0.71 1.12E−01 8 49 LGN52 0.72 1.06E−01 8 52 LGN52 0.71 1.15E−01 8 5 LGN52 0.87 1.04E−03 3 43 LGN52 0.75 1.32E−02 3 10 LGN52 0.85 1.84E−03 3 42 LGN52 0.97 2.18E−05 2 27 LGN52 0.96 4.90E−05 2 31 LGN52 0.74 2.27E−02 2 17 LGN52 0.87 1.11E−02 2 46 LGN52 0.93 2.74E−04 2 30 LGN52 0.88 7.74E−04 11 10 LGN52 0.79 6.14E−03 11 42 LGN52 0.72 2.71E−02 9 52 LGN52 0.84 2.11E−03 12 43 LGN52 0.77 9.66E−03 12 14 LGN52 0.82 3.33E−03 12 10 LGN52 0.85 1.92E−03 12 4 LGN52 0.70 2.28E−02 12 38 LGN52 0.75 3.14E−02 12 46 LGN52 0.73 1.74E−02 12 2 LGN52 0.83 3.16E−03 12 42 LGN60 0.87 9.92E−03 4 44 LGN60 0.71 7.55E−02 4 23 LGN60 0.90 6.09E−03 4 47 LGN60 0.71 3.16E−02 4 11 LGN60 0.74 2.32E−02 4 13 LGN60 0.77 1.44E−02 4 8 LGN60 0.96 5.57E−04 4 45 LGN60 0.73 2.47E−02 2 48 LGN60 0.71 3.33E−02 2 50 LGN60 0.81 8.79E−03 2 24 LGN60 0.89 7.27E−03 2 22 LGN60 0.80 1.01E−02 2 49 LGN60 0.76 4.87E−02 5 44 LGN60 0.86 1.23E−02 5 23 LGN60 0.85 1.50E−02 5 20 LGN60 0.93 2.40E−03 5 21 LGN60 0.81 4.19E−03 12 48 LGN60 0.83 2.92E−03 12 51 LGN60 0.87 9.49E−04 12 50 LGN60 0.78 8.33E−03 12 24 LGN60 0.78 2.11E−02 12 20 LGN60 0.85 1.74E−03 12 49 LGN60 0.92 4.26E−04 12 52 Table 201. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID “—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 191. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 189. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 202 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions (set 2 parameters) across Foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3  0.72 4.40E−02 3 12 LBY3  0.71 7.31E−02 2 7 LBY3  0.72 6.53E−02 2 11 LBY3  0.75 3.25E−02 5 2 LBY3  0.71 4.66E−02 5 12 LBY3  0.84 8.66E−03 5 8 LBY3  0.82 1.31E−02 5 6 LBY3  0.79 6.88E−03 11 5 LBY3  0.79 6.88E−03 11 4 LBY3  0.75 3.33E−02 11 11 LBY3  0.71 4.86E−02 1 12 LBY3  0.81 1.37E−02 1 13 LBY3  0.81 1.44E−02 1 3 LBY55 0.77 1.53E−02 2 5 LBY55 0.77 1.53E−02 2 4 LBY55 0.86 6.15E−03 11 8 LBY55 0.87 5.42E−03 11 6 LBY55 0.92 1.74E−04 1 5 LBY55 0.85 7.39E−03 1 8 LBY55 0.92 1.74E−04 1 4 LBY55 0.83 1.08E−02 1 6 LBY55 0.73 2.42E−02 12 8 LBY56 0.80 1.04E−02 4 13 LBY56 0.74 3.43E−02 3 13 LBY56 0.83 1.13E−02 1 3 LBY57 0.79 1.16E−02 4 7 LBY57 0.79 1.99E−02 5 2 LBY57 0.81 1.56E−02 1 7 LBY58 0.79 1.85E−02 9 7 LBY59 0.83 5.65E−03 4 3 LBY59 0.85 3.59E−03 2 5 LBY59 0.79 3.44E−02 2 8 LBY59 0.85 3.59E−03 2 4 LBY59 0.76 4.57E−02 2 6 LBY59 0.86 5.64E−03 5 2 LBY59 0.94 4.06E−05 11 5 LBY59 0.72 4.31E−02 11 10 LBY59 0.74 3.74E−02 11 8 LBY59 0.94 4.06E−05 11 4 LBY59 0.82 1.34E−02 11 11 LBY59 0.73 3.78E−02 1 12 LBY59 0.75 3.10E−02 1 13 LBY59 0.92 1.11E−03 9 12 LBY59 0.85 6.87E−03 9 13 LBY59 0.79 1.14E−02 12 12 LBY61 0.75 2.04E−02 4 12 LBY61 0.87 2.43E−03 4 13 LBY61 0.72 4.34E−02 3 3 LBY61 0.86 1.33E−02 2 3 LBY61 0.80 1.75E−02 5 7 LBY61 0.77 2.62E−02 5 3 LBY61 0.72 4.40E−02 1 2 LBY61 0.85 7.86E−03 9 3 LBY62 0.76 4.58E−02 2 7 LBY62 0.72 6.99E−02 2 11 LBY62 0.79 1.86E−02 5 3 LBY62 0.80 9.39E−03 9 5 LBY62 0.72 4.47E−02 9 8 LBY62 0.80 9.39E−03 9 4 LBY62 0.74 3.65E−02 9 11 LBY62 0.71 3.18E−02 12 11 LBY63 0.84 8.26E−03 3 9 LBY63 0.77 2.70E−02 3 7 LBY63 0.85 1.62E−02 2 7 LBY63 0.76 4.58E−02 2 11 LBY63 0.71 3.06E−02 12 7 LBY64 0.79 1.20E−02 4 9 LBY64 0.88 4.43E−03 11 12 LBY64 0.87 4.55E−03 11 13 LBY64 0.74 3.48E−02 1 12 LBY64 0.76 2.71E−02 1 13 LBY65 0.77 1.52E−02 4 9 LBY65 0.83 1.03E−02 3 11 LBY65 0.89 7.62E−03 2 9 LBY65 0.71 4.68E−02 5 12 LBY65 0.74 1.35E−02 11 5 LBY65 0.80 1.77E−02 11 8 LBY65 0.74 1.35E−02 11 4 LBY65 0.78 2.26E−02 11 6 LBY65 0.74 3.63E−02 1 12 LBY65 0.79 2.09E−02 1 13 LBY65 0.76 3.03E−02 9 2 LBY65 0.84 4.26E−03 12 12 LBY65 0.74 2.32E−02 12 6 LBY66 0.81 1.51E−02 3 9 LBY66 0.73 2.67E−02 12 9 LBY67 0.73 1.01E−01 8 4 LBY67 0.73 1.01E−01 8 5 LBY67 0.83 2.01E−02 2 9 LBY67 0.74 5.91E−02 2 7 LBY67 0.90 5.37E−03 2 12 LBY67 0.77 4.30E−02 2 13 LBY67 0.72 4.43E−02 11 2 LBY67 0.74 1.44E−02 11 5 LBY67 0.92 1.22E−03 11 8 LBY67 0.74 1.44E−02 11 4 LBY67 0.87 4.63E−03 11 6 LBY67 0.88 3.98E−03 11 11 LBY67 0.73 3.88E−02 9 1 LBY67 0.71 3.39E−02 12 8 LBY67 0.77 1.57E−02 12 6 LBY68 0.80 1.75E−02 3 12 LBY68 0.81 1.50E−02 3 13 LBY68 0.88 3.48E−03 1 3 LBY68 0.80 1.76E−02 9 8 LBY68 0.76 2.94E−02 9 6 LBY68 0.80 1.02E−02 12 12 LBY69 0.84 4.48E−03 4 7 LBY69 0.73 2.48E−02 4 11 LBY69 0.77 2.62E−02 3 11 LBY69 0.93 2.29E−04 2 5 LBY69 0.72 6.80E−02 2 7 LBY69 0.78 4.03E−02 2 8 LBY69 0.93 2.29E−04 2 4 LBY69 0.78 3.78E−02 2 6 LBY69 0.88 9.02E−03 2 11 LBY69 0.73 3.91E−02 5 2 LBY69 0.70 5.18E−02 5 7 LBY69 0.77 2.47E−02 5 12 LBY69 0.71 4.96E−02 5 13 LBY69 0.87 1.16E−03 11 5 LBY69 0.81 1.40E−02 11 8 LBY69 0.87 1.16E−03 11 4 LBY69 0.82 1.18E−02 11 6 LBY69 0.71 2.27E−02 1 5 LBY69 0.71 2.27E−02 1 4 LBY69 0.74 2.24E−02 9 5 LBY69 0.74 2.24E−02 9 4 LBY69 0.73 2.67E−02 12 7 LBY69 0.73 2.53E−02 12 8 LBY69 0.76 1.74E−02 12 6 LBY70 0.82 7.19E−03 4 9 LBY70 0.80 3.22E−02 2 3 LBY70 0.75 3.14E−02 5 7 LBY70 0.75 3.09E−02 5 3 LBY70 0.72 4.20E−02 11 7 LBY70 0.84 9.05E−03 1 13 LBY70 0.85 7.23E−03 9 3 LBY70 0.71 3.19E−02 12 11 LBY71 0.88 1.61E−03 4 9 LBY71 0.76 4.59E−02 2 13 LBY71 0.77 2.43E−02 5 2 LBY71 0.74 3.64E−02 5 12 LBY71 0.85 8.13E−03 11 1 LBY71 0.84 8.57E−03 11 12 LBY71 0.72 4.53E−02 11 13 LBY71 0.82 1.30E−02 1 12 LBY71 0.90 2.32E−03 1 13 LBY71 0.86 5.68E−03 9 1 LBY71 0.80 1.67E−02 9 2 LBY71 0.94 5.81E−04 9 12 LBY71 0.79 2.00E−02 9 13 LBY72 0.74 2.22E−02 4 7 LBY72 0.76 4.77E−02 2 1 LBY72 0.93 2.07E−03 2 9 LBY72 0.80 1.66E−02 11 1 LBY72 0.75 3.04E−02 1 9 LBY72 0.78 2.14E−02 1 2 LBY72 0.84 8.33E−03 1 13 LBY72 0.92 5.32E−04 12 7 LBY73 0.74 2.31E−02 4 5 LBY73 0.74 2.31E−02 4 4 LBY73 0.82 7.07E−03 4 11 LBY73 0.71 4.93E−02 11 10 LBY74 0.72 4.56E−02 3 1 LBY74 0.87 1.01E−02 2 11 LBY74 0.88 3.57E−03 11 1 LBY74 0.71 4.77E−02 11 12 LBY74 0.71 4.88E−02 1 13 LBY74 0.83 6.18E−03 12 1 LBY75 0.77 1.61E−02 4 9 LBY75 0.86 6.52E−03 3 7 LBY75 0.78 2.37E−02 3 13 LBY75 0.72 7.08E−02 2 9 LBY75 0.89 7.22E−03 2 12 LBY75 0.72 7.07E−02 2 8 LBY75 0.95 9.63E−04 2 13 LBY75 0.71 7.09E−02 2 6 LBY75 0.76 2.72E−02 5 12 LBY75 0.77 2.51E−02 5 13 LBY75 0.80 1.60E−02 11 12 LBY75 0.84 9.42E−03 11 13 LBY75 0.85 8.21E−03 1 12 LBY75 0.98 2.12E−05 1 13 LBY75 0.70 5.27E−02 9 8 LBY75 0.75 3.16E−02 9 6 LBY75 0.81 7.91E−03 12 13 LBY76 0.74 2.27E−02 4 1 LBY76 0.74 2.19E−02 4 9 LBY76 0.79 1.16E−02 4 13 LBY76 0.71 4.85E−02 3 7 LBY76 0.81 8.22E−03 2 5 LBY76 0.76 4.71E−02 2 8 LBY76 0.81 8.22E−03 2 4 LBY76 0.78 3.90E−02 2 11 LBY76 0.74 1.46E−02 11 5 LBY76 0.88 4.28E−03 11 12 LBY76 0.77 2.61E−02 11 8 LBY76 0.74 1.46E−02 11 4 LBY76 0.89 3.18E−03 11 13 LBY76 0.74 3.42E−02 11 6 LBY76 0.76 2.80E−02 1 2 LBY76 0.87 1.14E−03 1 5 LBY76 0.75 3.18E−02 1 8 LBY76 0.87 1.14E−03 1 4 LBY76 0.72 4.58E−02 1 6 LBY76 0.83 3.29E−03 12 5 LBY76 0.79 1.20E−02 12 8 LBY76 0.83 3.29E−03 12 4 LBY76 0.81 8.56E−03 12 6 LBY76 0.76 1.73E−02 12 11 LBY77 0.75 2.11E−02 2 5 LBY77 0.75 5.07E−02 2 8 LBY77 0.75 2.11E−02 2 4 LBY77 0.71 7.38E−02 2 6 LBY77 0.71 4.76E−02 5 1 LBY77 0.88 3.89E−03 5 2 LBY77 0.70 5.13E−02 11 1 LBY77 0.90 2.22E−03 11 9 LBY77 0.90 2.58E−03 11 12 LBY77 0.94 5.05E−04 11 13 LBY77 0.75 3.20E−02 1 1 LBY77 0.85 7.58E−03 1 12 LBY77 0.95 2.89E−04 1 13 LBY77 0.93 7.90E−04 9 2 LBY78 0.73 2.42E−02 4 7 LBY78 0.75 3.29E−02 3 2 LBY78 0.80 1.79E−02 5 2 LBY78 0.71 5.06E−02 5 6 LBY78 0.85 8.10E−03 1 3 LBY78 0.88 4.01E−03 9 2 LBY78 0.89 4.71E−04 12 5 LBY78 0.89 4.71E−04 12 4 LBY78 0.78 1.29E−02 12 11 LBY79 0.77 1.60E−02 4 2 LBY79 0.82 1.23E−02 5 1 LBY79 0.85 8.24E−03 11 1 LBY79 0.77 2.44E−02 9 1 LBY79 0.74 3.62E−02 9 9 LBY79 0.79 1.21E−02 12 1 LBY80 0.85 3.88E−03 4 5 LBY80 0.76 1.86E−02 4 8 LBY80 0.85 3.88E−03 4 4 LBY80 0.71 3.14E−02 4 6 LBY80 0.87 5.07E−03 3 8 LBY80 0.83 1.09E−02 3 6 LBY80 0.78 2.17E−02 3 11 LBY80 0.76 4.76E−02 2 7 LBY80 0.92 3.07E−03 2 11 LBY80 0.77 1.56E−02 5 5 LBY80 0.79 2.01E−02 5 8 LBY80 0.77 1.56E−02 5 4 LBY80 0.76 2.91E−02 5 6 LBY80 0.79 7.12E−03 11 5 LBY80 0.84 8.54E−03 11 8 LBY80 0.79 7.12E−03 11 4 LBY80 0.81 1.42E−02 11 6 LBY80 0.84 2.50E−03 1 5 LBY80 0.88 3.87E−03 1 8 LBY80 0.84 2.50E−03 1 4 LBY80 0.82 1.28E−02 1 6 LBY80 0.79 1.09E−02 9 5 LBY80 0.92 1.14E−03 9 8 LBY80 0.79 1.09E−02 9 4 LBY80 0.92 1.06E−03 9 6 LBY80 0.81 4.58E−03 12 5 LBY80 0.87 2.44E−03 12 8 LBY80 0.81 4.58E−03 12 4 LBY80 0.81 8.59E−03 12 6 LBY80 0.70 3.54E−02 12 11 LBY81 0.86 6.60E−03 3 11 LBY81 0.72 7.08E−02 2 8 LBY81 0.76 4.75E−02 2 6 LBY81 0.81 1.43E−02 5 2 LBY81 0.81 4.56E−03 11 5 LBY81 0.90 2.28E−03 11 8 LBY81 0.81 4.56E−03 11 4 LBY81 0.88 3.88E−03 11 6 LBY81 0.80 1.64E−02 1 8 LBY81 0.81 1.51E−02 1 6 LBY81 0.88 3.92E−03 9 2 LBY81 0.73 2.67E−02 12 6 LBY82 0.87 2.27E−02 8 4 LBY82 0.87 2.27E−02 8 5 LBY82 0.82 6.80E−03 4 2 LBY82 0.83 1.03E−02 3 2 LBY82 0.73 3.97E−02 5 11 LBY82 0.94 5.54E−05 12 5 LBY82 0.71 3.24E−02 12 10 LBY82 0.83 5.42E−03 12 8 LBY82 0.94 5.54E−05 12 4 LBY82 0.77 1.49E−02 12 6 LBY82 0.72 2.86E−02 12 11 LBY83 0.78 3.93E−02 2 3 LBY83 0.82 1.21E−02 1 3 LBY85 0.74 2.24E−02 4 9 LBY85 0.84 8.66E−03 3 1 LBY85 0.87 5.42E−03 5 2 LBY85 0.72 4.26E−02 5 12 LBY85 0.80 1.78E−02 11 2 LBY85 0.85 6.82E−03 1 12 LBY85 0.87 5.25E−03 1 13 LBY85 0.74 3.68E−02 9 2 LBY85 0.75 3.20E−02 9 12 LBY85 0.82 1.36E−02 9 8 LBY85 0.83 9.95E−03 9 6 LBY85 0.89 1.43E−03 12 1 LBY85 0.75 1.95E−02 12 12 LBY85 0.71 3.32E−02 12 13 LBY86 0.74 3.74E−02 3 3 LBY86 0.74 5.58E−02 2 1 LBY86 0.74 3.63E−02 5 7 LBY86 0.87 5.51E−03 5 3 LBY86 0.88 3.68E−03 1 12 LBY86 0.90 2.30E−03 1 13 LBY86 0.71 5.05E−02 9 7 LBY87 0.71 1.10E−01 8 4 LBY87 0.71 1.10E−01 8 5 LBY87 0.72 2.90E−02 4 9 LBY87 0.71 4.80E−02 3 7 LBY87 0.91 1.53E−03 11 1 LBY87 0.80 1.62E−02 11 12 LBY87 0.81 1.42E−02 11 13 LBY87 0.77 2.57E−02 1 3 LBY87 0.74 2.29E−02 12 6 LBY88 0.71 7.53E−02 2 9 LBY88 0.70 7.75E−02 2 2 LBY88 0.84 8.90E−03 5 12 LBY88 0.73 4.04E−02 5 13 LBY88 0.89 3.33E−03 1 12 LBY88 0.98 2.40E−05 1 13 LBY88 0.77 2.48E−02 9 12 LBY88 0.74 2.14E−02 12 1 LBY88 0.73 2.61E−02 12 12 LBY88 0.80 9.13E−03 12 8 LBY88 0.78 1.23E−02 12 6 LBY89 0.84 4.69E−03 4 2 LBY89 0.90 6.38E−03 2 3 LBY89 0.71 4.85E−02 5 2 LBY89 0.77 2.45E−02 5 8 LBY89 0.74 3.67E−02 5 6 LBY89 0.86 5.94E−03 11 7 LBY89 0.74 2.37E−02 12 6 LBY90 0.87 1.15E−02 2 12 LBY90 0.80 2.95E−02 2 13 LBY90 0.84 8.27E−03 11 1 LBY90 0.82 1.17E−02 1 12 LBY90 0.89 2.92E−03 1 13 LBY90 0.87 2.12E−03 12 1 LBY91 0.77 1.47E−02 4 1 LBY91 0.71 3.12E−02 4 2 LBY91 0.90 2.17E−03 3 8 LBY91 0.87 4.73E−03 3 6 LBY91 0.73 4.07E−02 3 11 LBY91 0.77 2.41E−02 9 3 LBY91 0.73 2.52E−02 12 12 LBY91 0.79 1.08E−02 12 13 LBY92 0.78 1.35E−02 4 2 LBY92 0.93 9.85E−04 11 8 LBY92 0.93 7.84E−04 11 6 LBY92 0.84 9.48E−03 1 13 LBY92 0.71 3.31E−02 12 12 LGN52 0.84 8.85E−03 3 9 LGN52 0.88 8.70E−03 2 7 LGN52 0.80 3.09E−02 2 11 LGN52 0.88 3.56E−03 11 7 LGN52 0.74 2.34E−02 12 7 LGN60 0.76 1.69E−02 4 8 LGN60 0.72 2.93E−02 4 6 LGN60 0.91 4.99E−03 2 12 LGN60 0.95 1.17E−03 2 13 LGN60 0.73 3.81E−02 5 13 LGN60 0.71 4.72E−02 11 2 LGN60 0.81 8.73E−03 12 1 LGN60 0.75 2.08E−02 12 12 Table 202. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 192. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 189. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 203 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low N conditions (set 1 parameters) across Foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3  0.83 2.89E−03 3 51 LBY3  0.73 6.38E−02 3 25 LBY3  0.71 3.09E−02 8 6 LBY3  0.91 4.57E−03 8 22 LBY3  0.82 3.76E−03 1 48 LBY3  0.81 4.89E−03 1 51 LBY3  0.81 4.48E−03 1 50 LBY3  0.87 1.17E−03 1 24 LBY3  0.86 1.45E−03 1 49 LBY3  0.77 8.76E−03 1 52 LBY3  0.79 3.29E−02 1 25 LBY3  0.74 3.44E−02 4 22 LBY3  0.93 1.25E−04 9 32 LBY55 0.81 4.93E−03 3 1 LBY55 0.73 1.59E−02 3 14 LBY55 0.77 9.93E−03 3 16 LBY55 0.71 2.10E−02 3 5 LBY55 0.74 9.49E−02 8 25 LBY55 0.72 1.90E−02 1 9 LBY55 0.77 1.58E−02 1 47 LBY55 0.71 3.17E−02 1 45 LBY55 0.85 3.67E−03 1 20 LBY55 0.70 2.33E−02 1 5 LBY55 0.78 7.20E−03 9 14 LBY55 0.75 1.27E−02 9 16 LBY55 0.84 5.01E−03 9 45 LBY55 0.76 1.02E−02 2 9 LBY55 0.75 1.94E−02 2 23 LBY55 0.73 1.57E−02 2 13 LBY55 0.73 2.71E−02 2 20 LBY55 0.71 2.03E−02 2 12 LBY55 0.71 3.26E−02 2 21 LBY56 0.76 1.03E−02 3 43 LBY56 0.79 6.68E−03 3 10 LBY57 0.71 2.05E−02 3 16 LBY57 0.75 1.24E−02 1 1 LBY57 0.74 1.37E−02 1 3 LBY57 0.70 2.30E−02 1 2 LBY57 0.77 8.86E−03 4 43 LBY57 0.71 2.02E−02 4 42 LBY57 0.77 8.55E−03 9 16 LBY57 0.70 3.45E−02 9 45 LBY57 0.71 2.16E−02 9 32 LBY58 0.72 1.06E−01 8 25 LBY58 0.85 1.98E−03 4 48 LBY58 0.87 1.22E−03 4 51 LBY58 0.78 7.21E−03 4 50 LBY58 0.73 1.61E−02 4 24 LBY58 0.71 2.12E−02 4 49 LBY58 0.72 1.94E−02 4 52 LBY59 0.75 1.21E−02 1 24 LBY59 0.77 1.46E−02 1 22 LBY59 0.74 1.51E−02 1 49 LBY59 0.74 5.74E−02 1 25 LBY59 0.77 2.64E−02 4 22 LBY59 0.70 2.34E−02 9 14 LBY59 0.83 5.55E−03 9 47 LBY59 0.71 2.13E−02 9 16 LBY59 0.82 6.21E−03 9 45 LBY59 0.73 1.61E−02 9 17 LBY59 0.75 1.98E−02 9 20 LBY59 0.77 9.82E−03 2 6 LBY59 0.85 4.03E−03 2 22 LBY59 0.78 7.99E−03 2 7 LBY61 0.73 L69E−02 1 11 LBY61 0.73 2.71E−02 1 22 LBY61 0.73 1.57E−02 9 10 LBY61 0.73 2.69E−02 9 46 LBY62 0.75 1.31E−02 3 28 LBY62 0.74 1.46E−02 2 1 LBY62 0.73 2.47E−02 2 44 LBY62 0.81 8.53E−03 2 23 LBY62 0.93 3.13E−04 2 47 LBY62 0.82 3.58E−03 2 28 LBY62 0.90 8.36E−04 2 45 LBY62 0.89 1.45E−03 2 20 LBY62 0.74 1.43E−02 2 7 LBY62 0.71 3.26E−02 2 21 LBY63 0.82 6.91E−03 3 22 LBY63 0.72 1.81E−02 1 43 LBY63 0.73 1.75E−02 1 10 LBY63 0.74 1.47E−02 1 39 LBY63 0.96 1.60E−05 9 43 LBY63 0.94 5.89E−05 9 10 LBY63 0.92 1.59E−04 9 42 LBY63 0.87 1.19E−03 2 43 LBY63 0.93 1.10E−04 2 10 LBY63 0.81 4.29E−03 2 38 LBY63 0.83 3.11E−03 2 42 LBY64 0.72 1.83E−02 3 36 LBY64 0.72 1.94E−02 3 35 LBY64 0.78 7.63E−03 3 39 LBY64 0.73 1.77E−02 3 5 LBY64 0.71 3.16E−02 8 50 LBY64 0.76 4.64E−02 8 22 LBY64 0.94 4.72E−03 8 25 LBY64 0.71 3.23E−02 1 44 LBY64 0.73 2.60E−02 1 23 LBY64 0.79 6.08E−03 1 48 LBY64 0.76 1.02E−02 1 51 LBY64 0.73 1.59E−02 1 50 LBY64 0.89 4.87E−04 1 24 LBY64 0.74 2.33E−02 1 21 LBY64 0.85 1.46E−02 1 25 LBY64 0.70 3.55E−02 9 47 LBY64 0.71 3.04E−02 9 45 LBY65 0.77 8.96E−03 3 1 LBY65 0.81 7.46E−03 3 44 LBY65 0.72 2.75E−02 3 23 LBY65 0.80 1.00E−02 3 47 LBY65 0.77 8.73E−03 3 16 LBY65 0.77 1.62E−02 3 45 LBY65 0.72 1.81E−02 3 5 LBY65 0.73 2.59E−02 8 9 LBY65 0.74 2.19E−02 8 6 LBY65 0.79 1.17E−02 8 7 LBY65 0.70 3.42E−02 1 44 LBY65 0.70 3.42E−02 1 23 LBY65 0.88 8.53E−04 1 48 LBY65 0.77 8.48E−03 1 33 LBY65 0.76 1.01E−02 1 51 LBY65 0.78 7.15E−03 1 40 LBY65 0.86 1.43E−03 1 50 LBY65 0.90 4.28E−04 1 24 LBY65 0.70 2.32E−02 1 17 LBY65 0.78 7.94E−03 1 49 LBY65 0.80 5.26E−03 1 52 LBY65 0.73 2.69E−02 1 21 LBY65 0.86 1.41E−02 1 25 LBY65 0.72 2.72E−02 9 44 LBY65 0.78 8.19E−03 9 14 LBY65 0.78 1.39E−02 9 47 LBY65 0.84 2.58E−03 9 16 LBY65 0.85 3.36E−03 9 45 LBY65 0.84 2.56E−03 9 17 LBY66 0.74 1.52E−02 9 10 LBY66 0.80 5.20E−03 2 43 LBY66 0.91 2.26E−04 2 10 LBY66 0.84 2.13E−03 2 42 LBY67 0.77 9.53E−03 3 43 LBY67 0.84 2.29E−03 3 33 LBY67 0.78 7.68E−03 3 40 LBY67 0.78 7.45E−03 3 4 LBY67 0.75 1.27E−02 3 3 LBY67 0.84 2.25E−03 3 39 LBY67 0.88 9.86E−03 8 44 LBY67 0.93 2.68E−03 8 23 LBY67 0.89 6.49E−03 8 47 LBY67 0.76 1.64E−02 8 8 LBY67 0.95 1.11E−03 8 45 LBY67 0.95 1.22E−03 8 20 LBY67 0.71 3.19E−02 8 7 LBY67 0.93 2.83E−03 8 21 LBY67 0.71 4.76E−02 4 44 LBY67 0.79 2.05E−02 4 47 LBY67 0.72 1.94E−02 4 27 LBY67 0.72 1.91E−02 4 31 LBY67 0.77 2.62E−02 4 45 LBY67 0.71 3.15E−02 9 44 LBY67 0.83 2.93E−03 9 14 LBY67 0.76 1.64E−02 9 47 LBY67 0.73 1.64E−02 9 27 LBY67 0.80 5.54E−03 9 16 LBY67 0.73 1.56E−02 9 31 LBY67 0.90 1.05E−03 9 45 LBY67 0.75 1.24E−02 9 17 LBY67 0.72 1.91E−02 9 30 LBY67 0.73 1.56E−02 2 24 LBY67 0.74 1.49E−02 2 52 LBY68 0.73 1.58E−02 3 1 LBY68 0.75 1.23E−02 3 48 LBY68 0.82 6.71E−03 8 28 LBY68 0.71 3.04E−02 9 23 LBY68 0.72 2.75E−02 9 47 LBY68 0.77 8.75E−03 9 48 LBY68 0.77 8.78E−03 9 51 LBY68 0.75 1.19E−02 9 50 LBY68 0.82 3.60E−03 9 24 LBY68 0.77 9.09E−03 9 49 LBY68 0.72 1.85E−02 9 52 LBY68 0.70 3.40E−02 9 21 LBY69 0.74 1.38E−02 3 43 LBY69 0.71 2.24E−02 3 10 LBY69 0.70 2.40E−02 3 42 LBY69 0.78 1.31E−02 8 43 LBY69 0.75 2.04E−02 8 10 LBY69 0.78 3.72E−02 8 22 LBY69 0.86 3.10E−03 8 5 LBY69 0.80 9.24E−03 1 45 LBY69 0.75 1.22E−02 1 5 LBY69 0.87 1.13E−03 4 36 LBY69 0.87 1.14E−03 4 35 LBY69 0.75 1.17E−02 4 17 LBY69 0.82 3.67E−03 9 14 LBY69 0.75 1.98E−02 9 47 LBY69 0.83 3.16E−03 9 16 LBY69 0.88 1.92E−03 9 45 LBY69 0.85 1.93E−03 9 17 LBY70 0.73 2.46E−02 1 22 LBY70 0.73 1.60E−02 4 43 LBY70 0.72 1.84E−02 4 10 LBY70 0.72 1.99E−02 4 42 LBY70 0.80 9.47E−03 2 23 LBY70 0.77 9.35E−03 2 24 LBY70 0.74 2.30E−02 2 20 LBY70 0.75 1.26E−02 2 12 LBY70 0.78 1.30E−02 2 21 LBY71 0.93 1.02E−04 3 32 LBY71 0.92 3.36E−03 8 22 LBY71 0.80 1.02E−02 1 22 LBY71 0.74 1.37E−02 1 49 LBY71 0.72 1.91E−02 9 16 LBY71 0.72 1.79E−02 9 17 LBY71 0.75 2.01E−02 2 22 LBY72 0.73 1.56E−02 3 28 LBY72 0.73 2.57E−02 1 22 LBY72 0.74 1.53E−02 9 43 LBY72 0.84 2.37E−03 9 10 LBY72 0.78 7.44E−03 9 42 LBY72 0.74 1.35E−02 2 50 LBY72 0.77 8.87E−03 2 24 LBY72 0.79 6.39E−03 2 49 LBY72 0.82 3.75E−03 2 52 LBY72 0.71 7.31E−02 2 25 LBY73 0.86 1.43E−03 4 27 LBY73 0.86 1.50E−03 4 31 LBY73 0.72 1.97E−02 4 38 LBY73 0.83 1.09E−02 4 46 LBY73 0.80 5.04E−03 4 30 LBY73 0.74 2.38E−02 9 46 LBY73 0.71 2.16E−02 2 52 LBY74 0.70 2.34E−02 3 36 LBY74 0.70 2.36E−02 3 35 LBY74 0.77 9.50E−03 3 28 LBY74 0.71 2.14E−02 3 30 LBY74 0.74 2.39E−02 8 9 LBY74 0.89 7.55E−03 8 44 LBY74 0.92 3.56E−03 8 23 LBY74 0.84 4.50E−03 8 14 LBY74 0.88 9.49E−03 8 47 LBY74 0.73 2.52E−02 8 11 LBY74 0.77 1.63E−02 8 51 LBY74 0.82 7.40E−03 8 8 LBY74 0.93 2.10E−03 8 45 LBY74 0.95 9.01E−04 8 20 LBY74 0.95 1.19E−03 8 21 LBY74 0.74 9.13E−02 8 25 LBY74 0.75 1.95E−02 9 44 LBY74 0.83 2.78E−03 9 48 LBY74 0.85 1.70E−03 9 51 LBY74 0.80 5.29E−03 9 50 LBY74 0.73 1.63E−02 9 24 LBY74 0.79 6.81E−03 9 49 LBY74 0.87 1.14E−03 9 52 LBY74 0.73 2.71E−02 9 21 LBY75 0.73 1.68E−02 3 33 LBY75 0.73 1.56E−02 3 40 LBY75 0.71 3.35E−02 8 24 LBY75 0.75 8.74E−02 8 25 LBY75 0.78 7.55E−03 1 48 LBY75 0.80 5.96E−03 1 50 LBY75 0.80 5.46E−03 1 24 LBY75 0.77 1.49E−02 1 22 LBY75 0.86 1.36E−03 1 49 LBY75 0.75 1.19E−02 1 52 LBY75 0.73 6.26E−02 1 25 LBY75 0.75 1.22E−02 4 1 LBY75 0.74 3.56E−02 4 44 LBY75 0.73 4.11E−02 4 23 LBY75 0.81 1.57E−02 4 21 LBY75 0.71 2.02E−02 9 14 LBY75 0.72 1.91E−02 9 16 LBY75 0.74 2.18E−02 9 45 LBY75 0.74 1.50E−02 9 17 LBY75 0.81 4.11E−03 2 43 LBY75 0.84 2.30E−03 2 10 LBY75 0.73 1.64E−02 2 42 LBY76 0.85 1.42E−02 8 44 LBY76 0.77 4.48E−02 8 23 LBY76 0.86 1.37E−02 8 47 LBY76 0.81 7.68E−03 8 48 LBY76 0.75 2.02E−02 8 51 LBY76 0.73 2.47E−02 8 28 LBY76 0.80 9.70E−03 8 50 LBY76 0.76 1.71E−02 8 24 LBY76 0.81 2.81E−02 8 45 LBY76 0.74 5.95E−02 8 20 LBY76 0.85 3.81E−03 8 49 LBY76 0.74 2.17E−02 8 32 LBY76 0.86 3.16E−03 8 52 LBY76 0.76 7.77E−02 8 25 LBY76 0.78 7.80E−03 1 6 LBY76 0.78 7.17E−03 1 11 LBY76 0.71 2.13E−02 1 13 LBY76 0.77 8.91E−03 1 24 LBY76 0.86 1.37E−03 1 7 LBY76 0.71 3.22E−02 1 21 LBY76 0.76 4.55E−02 1 25 LBY76 0.79 6.17E−03 9 27 LBY76 0.79 6.74E−03 9 31 LBY76 0.7 2.98E−02 9 46 LBY76 0.71 2.07E−02 9 30 LBY76 0.71 2.09E−02 2 9 LBY76 0.71 2.28E−02 2 28 LBY77 0.83 3.05E−03 3 3 LBY77 0.77 8.99E−03 3 2 LBY77 0.94 1.72E−03 3 25 LBY77 0.78 1.29E−02 8 14 LBY77 0.76 1.73E−02 8 48 LBY77 0.81 8.72E−03 8 50 LBY77 0.73 2.52E−02 8 49 LBY77 0.79 6.21E−02 8 25 LBY77 0.79 7.10E−03 1 49 LBY77 0.76 4.58E−02 1 25 LBY77 0.74 1.41E−02 4 48 LBY77 0.79 6.96E−03 4 50 LBY77 0.75 1.24E−02 4 49 LBY77 0.79 6.28E−03 4 52 LBY77 0.86 1.29E−02 4 25 LBY77 0.73 6.10E−02 9 25 LBY77 0.83 3.22E−03 2 43 LBY77 0.88 7.92E−04 2 10 LBY77 0.75 1.28E−02 2 42 LBY78 0.75 1.96E−02 8 43 LBY78 0.79 1.12E−02 8 10 LBY78 0.80 1.02E−02 8 4 LBY78 0.71 3.08E−02 8 3 LBY78 0.70 7.93E−02 8 22 LBY78 0.74 2.26E−02 8 2 LBY78 0.78 1.41E−02 8 42 LBY78 0.70 3.54E−02 8 39 LBY78 0.71 3.30E−02 8 12 LBY78 0.73 1.55E−02 1 51 LBY78 0.76 1.10E−02 1 52 LBY78 0.71 2.21E−02 4 14 LBY78 0.72 1.90E−02 2 27 LBY78 0.71 2.10E−02 2 31 LBY78 0.75 1.33E−02 2 38 LBY79 0.72 2.00E−02 9 48 LBY79 0.82 3.53E−03 9 51 LBY79 0.72 1.85E−02 9 24 LBY80 0.70 3.57E−02 8 31 LBY80 0.80 9.50E−03 8 4 LBY80 0.88 1.77E−03 8 38 LBY80 0.71 3.37E−02 8 30 LBY80 0.76 1.84E−02 8 39 LBY80 0.81 4.73E−03 1 28 LBY80 0.73 4.17E−02 4 47 LBY80 0.76 1.01E−02 4 36 LBY80 0.76 1.06E−02 4 35 LBY80 0.80 1.61E−02 4 45 LBY80 0.79 2.07E−02 4 20 LBY80 0.79 1.14E−02 9 47 LBY80 0.73 1.72E−02 9 28 LBY80 0.70 3.53E−02 9 45 LBY80 0.74 2.32E−02 9 20 LBY80 0.73 1.62E−02 2 27 LBY80 0.74 1.41E−02 2 31 LBY80 0.71 2.21E−02 2 38 LBY81 0.74 1.44E−02 3 1 LBY81 0.85 1.99E−03 3 3 LBY81 0.79 6.20E−03 3 2 LBY81 0.71 1.82E−02 3 5 LBY81 0.85 3.95E−03 8 1 LBY81 0.78 1.33E−02 8 3 LBY81 0.71 7.11E−02 8 45 LBY81 0.72 6.56E−02 8 20 LBY81 0.73 2.51E−02 8 2 LBY81 0.96 5.97E−05 8 5 LBY81 0.71 3.07E−02 1 44 LBY81 0.86 1.35E−03 1 48 LBY81 0.75 1.22E−02 1 51 LBY81 0.89 6.41E−04 1 50 LBY81 0.85 1.71E−03 1 24 LBY81 0.92 1.93E−04 1 49 LBY81 0.86 1.27E−03 1 52 LBY81 0.80 9.31E−03 1 21 LBY81 0.92 3.00E−03 1 25 LBY81 0.71 4.56E−02 4 22 LBY81 0.71 2.17E−02 9 14 LBY81 0.81 8.02E−03 9 47 LBY81 0.76 1.13E−02 9 51 LBY81 0.85 3.75E−03 9 45 LBY81 0.71 3.24E−02 9 20 LBY81 0.72 2.79E−02 2 22 LBY82 0.73 1.61E−02 3 16 LBY82 0.75 1.87E−02 8 33 LBY82 0.71 3.12E−02 8 39 LBY82 0.71 1.12E−01 8 25 LBY82 0.86 3.05E−03 9 44 LBY82 0.71 3.24E−02 9 23 LBY82 0.78 1.36E−02 9 21 LBY83 0.71 2.08E−02 3 1 LBY83 0.75 1.17E−02 3 16 LBY83 0.70 2.33E−02 3 17 LBY83 0.73 1.61E−02 1 13 LBY83 0.78 7.17E−03 1 12 LBY83 0.72 1.86E−02 2 32 LBY84 0.98 5.65E−05 8 44 LBY84 1.00 3.12E−06 8 23 LBY84 0.82 6.85E−03 8 14 LBY84 0.99 2.72E−05 8 47 LBY84 0.79 1.13E−02 8 48 LBY84 0.86 2.92E−03 8 51 LBY84 0.72 2.75E−02 8 8 LBY84 0.75 1.92E−02 8 50 LBY84 0.75 1.97E−02 8 24 LBY84 0.97 2.07E−04 8 45 LBY84 0.98 1.17E−04 8 20 LBY84 0.76 1.66E−02 8 49 LBY84 0.80 9.56E−03 8 52 LBY84 0.98 1.15E−04 8 21 LBY84 0.76 8.00E−02 8 25 LBY84 0.73 1.70E−02 1 1 LBY84 0.80 9.09E−03 1 44 LBY84 0.81 8.51E−03 1 23 LBY84 0.88 8.82E−04 1 14 LBY84 0.84 4.89E−03 1 47 LBY84 0.89 1.41E−03 1 45 LBY84 0.87 2.52E−03 1 20 LBY84 0.77 1.60E−02 1 21 LBY84 0.89 5.76E−04 1 5 LBY84 0.81 4.85E−03 9 36 LBY84 0.75 1.23E−02 9 27 LBY84 0.81 4.35E−03 9 35 LBY84 0.75 1.30E−02 9 31 LBY84 0.74 1.45E−02 9 30 LBY84 0.77 8.62E−03 2 12 LBY85 0.80 4.96E−03 3 48 LBY85 0.79 6.11E−03 3 50 LBY85 0.71 2.13E−02 3 49 LBY85 0.80 1.01E−02 1 22 LBY85 0.80 5.09E−03 1 49 LBY85 0.71 2.10E−02 9 48 LBY85 0.72 1.97E−02 9 51 LBY85 0.85 2.05E−03 2 43 LBY85 0.81 4.66E−03 2 10 LBY85 0.80 5.98E−03 2 42 LBY86 0.78 1.29E−02 8 12 LBY86 0.82 3.94E−03 1 48 LBY86 0.76 1.06E−02 1 51 LBY86 0.77 9.06E−03 1 50 LBY86 0.77 8.69E−03 1 24 LBY86 0.76 1.79E−02 1 22 LBY86 0.74 1.43E−02 1 52 LBY86 0.79 6.62E−03 4 14 LBY86 0.71 3.24E−02 2 44 LBY86 0.73 2.66E−02 2 23 LBY86 0.75 1.33E−02 2 48 LBY86 0.70 2.36E−02 2 51 LBY86 0.74 1.41E−02 2 50 LBY86 0.88 8.94E−04 2 24 LBY86 0.76 1.01E−02 2 49 LBY86 0.78 1.28E−02 2 21 LBY86 0.83 2.09E−02 2 25 LBY87 0.75 1.88E−02 8 9 LBY87 0.72 2.99E−02 8 13 LBY87 0.74 2.33E−02 8 12 LBY87 0.92 9.52E−03 8 25 LBY87 0.75 1.23E−02 9 48 LBY87 0.81 4.17E−03 9 51 LBY87 0.81 4.34E−03 2 48 LBY87 0.72 1.88E−02 2 51 LBY87 0.84 2.20E−03 2 50 LBY87 0.80 5.95E−03 2 24 LBY87 0.91 2.35E−04 2 49 LBY87 0.75 1.27E−02 2 12 LBY87 0.91 2.28E−04 2 52 LBY87 0.73 6.04E−02 2 25 LBY88 0.80 2.97E−02 8 22 LBY88 0.81 4.53E−03 1 48 LBY88 0.73 1.65E−02 1 51 LBY88 0.79 6.62E−03 1 50 LBY88 0.88 8.79E−04 1 24 LBY88 0.78 1.39E−02 1 22 LBY88 0.78 7.49E−03 1 49 LBY88 0.77 4.12E−02 1 25 LBY88 0.81 1.55E−02 4 22 LBY88 0.71 2.24E−02 9 14 LBY88 0.76 1.86E−02 9 47 LBY88 0.79 6.47E−03 9 16 LBY88 0.80 1.01E−02 9 45 LBY88 0.79 6.43E−03 9 17 LBY88 0.80 9.21E−03 2 22 LBY89 0.93 8.71E−05 3 16 LBY89 0.71 2.14E−02 3 35 LBY89 0.76 1.77E−02 3 45 LBY89 0.87 1.11E−03 3 17 LBY89 0.85 4.08E−03 8 43 LBY89 0.73 2.69E−02 8 10 LBY89 0.76 1.66E−02 8 42 LBY89 0.78 1.39E−02 8 39 LBY89 0.75 1.25E−02 4 11 LBY89 0.72 1.87E−02 4 51 LBY89 0.71 2.08E−02 4 8 LBY89 0.70 2.34E−02 9 51 LBY90 0.88 9.52E−03 8 44 LBY90 0.91 1.85E−03 8 23 LBY90 0.88 8.72E−03 8 47 LBY90 0.89 1.44E−03 8 48 LBY90 0.88 1.69E−03 8 51 LBY90 0.89 1.14E−03 8 50 LBY90 0.81 8.21E−03 8 24 LBY90 0.92 3.33E−03 8 45 LBY90 0.95 9.06E−04 8 20 LBY90 0.93 3.19E−04 8 49 LBY90 0.94 1.54E−04 8 52 LBY90 0.96 4.86E−04 8 21 LBY90 0.76 8.17E−02 8 25 LBY90 0.72 1.80E−02 1 48 LBY90 0.76 1.14E−02 1 50 LBY90 0.77 9.07E−03 1 24 LBY90 0.83 5.22E−03 1 22 LBY90 0.83 3.12E−03 1 49 LBY90 0.71 2.19E−02 1 52 LBY90 0.74 5.78E−02 1 25 LBY90 0.74 2.37E−02 9 23 LBY90 0.93 3.04E−04 9 47 LBY90 0.78 8.23E−03 9 48 LBY90 0.79 6.01E−03 9 51 LBY90 0.73 1.55E−02 9 50 LBY90 0.70 2.39E−02 9 24 LBY90 0.93 2.64E−04 9 45 LBY90 0.92 3.93E−04 9 20 LBY90 0.78 7.96E−03 9 52 LBY90 0.75 1.20E−02 2 24 LBY91 0.81 8.47E−03 8 49 LBY91 0.82 6.37E−03 8 52 LBY91 0.81 4.45E−03 4 14 LBY91 0.71 2.08E−02 4 51 LBY91 0.80 1.77E−02 4 20 LBY91 0.76 1.10E−02 4 52 LBY92 0.79 3.43E−02 8 44 LBY92 0.73 6.23E−02 8 47 LBY92 0.75 1.89E−02 8 17 LBY92 0.72 7.07E−02 8 20 LBY92 0.71 6.98E−02 8 21 LBY92 0.74 1.46E−02 1 9 LBY92 0.75 2.06E−02 1 44 LBY92 0.77 1.51E−02 1 23 LBY92 0.85 1.94E−03 1 14 LBY92 0.74 2.17E−02 1 47 LBY92 0.71 2.17E−02 1 11 LBY92 0.71 2.24E−02 1 13 LBY92 0.77 8.82E−03 1 8 LBY92 0.84 4.31E−03 1 45 LBY92 0.79 1.05E−02 1 20 LBY92 0.77 1.59E−02 1 21 LGN52 0.71 3.36E−02 3 22 LGN52 0.74 2.37E−02 8 42 LGN52 0.82 3.30E−03 4 4 LGN52 0.71 2.14E−02 4 2 LGN52 0.93 8.45E−05 9 43 LGN52 0.95 1.88E−05 9 10 LGN52 0.92 1.41E−04 9 42 LGN52 0.78 8.25E−03 2 43 LGN52 0.88 8.36E−04 2 10 LGN52 0.89 6.05E−04 2 38 LGN52 0.80 5.49E−03 2 42 LGN52 0.78 7.42E−03 2 39 LGN60 0.79 1.22E−02 3 23 LGN60 0.71 3.28E−02 3 20 LGN60 0.74 2.20E−02 3 21 LGN60 0.76 1.73E−02 8 51 LGN60 0.77 1.62E−02 9 23 LGN60 0.86 3.30E−03 9 47 LGN60 0.81 4.48E−03 9 48 LGN60 0.82 3.84E−03 9 51 LGN60 0.78 7.99E−03 9 50 LGN60 0.76 1.03E−02 9 24 LGN60 0.70 3.50E−02 9 45 LGN60 0.83 5.71E−03 9 20 LGN60 0.75 1.19E−02 9 49 LGN60 0.82 3.71E−03 9 52 LGN60 0.76 9.98E−03 2 14 LGN60 0.82 7.09E−03 2 47 LGN60 0.74 1.43E−02 2 48 LGN60 0.80 5.04E−03 2 51 LGN60 0.76 1.11E−02 2 8 LGN60 0.80 5.05E−03 2 50 LGN60 0.79 1.10E−02 2 45 LGN60 0.71 3.13E−02 2 20 LGN60 0.82 3.78E−03 2 49 LGN60 0.82 3.70E−03 2 52 Table 203. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 191. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 190. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 204 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low N conditions (set 2 parameters) across Foxtail millet varieties Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY3  0.71 3.09E−02 8 5 LBY3  0.82 1.21E−02 8 8 LBY3  0.81 1.41E−02 8 6 LBY3  0.95 1.07E−04 1 12 LBY3  0.84 5.04E−03 1 10 LBY3  0.72 2.84E−02 1 13 LBY56 0.84 4.77E−03 1 10 LBY56 0.72 1.81E−02 4 9 LBY58 0.75 3.04E−02 8 12 LBY58 0.71 4.96E−02 8 8 LBY58 0.74 3.48E−02 8 6 LBY58 0.71 3.21E−02 9 2 LBY58 0.74 1.50E−02 4 9 LBY58 0.75 1.23E−02 4 13 LBY59 0.71 4.99E−02 8 8 LBY59 0.72 4.43E−02 8 6 LBY59 0.93 2.52E−04 1 12 LBY59 0.71 3.26E−02 1 8 LBY59 0.72 2.81E−02 1 6 LBY59 0.77 9.82E−03 2 5 LBY59 0.83 6.17E−03 2 8 LBY59 0.76 1.81E−02 2 6 LBY61 0.70 3.52E−02 3 4 LBY61 0.79 1.15E−02 3 11 LBY61 0.71 3.27E−02 9 2 LBY61 0.80 9.43E−03 1 8 LBY61 0.82 7.19E−03 1 6 LBY62 0.82 1.29E−02 8 11 LBY62 0.80 8.90E−03 1 7 LBY62 0.72 2.87E−02 2 10 LBY62 0.89 1.49E−03 2 11 LBY63 0.84 4.15E−03 3 9 LBY63 0.85 3.85E−03 2 7 LBY64 0.82 1.29E−02 8 9 LBY64 0.85 3.53E−03 1 12 LBY65 0.86 3.02E−03 3 4 LBY65 0.86 2.93E−03 3 11 LBY65 0.74 2.19E−02 8 5 LBY65 0.75 3.24E−02 8 10 LBY65 0.82 1.36E−02 8 8 LBY65 0.78 2.35E−02 8 6 LBY65 0.70 3.42E−02 1 9 LBY65 0.79 1.13E−02 1 12 LBY65 0.73 2.43E−02 1 13 LBY65 0.70 3.55E−02 2 3 LBY66 0.74 2.34E−02 9 2 LBY66 0.74 2.16E−02 1 1 LBY66 0.81 7.64E−03 2 7 LBY67 0.72 4.48E−02 8 12 LBY67 0.87 2.07E−03 9 13 LBY67 0.90 8.08E−04 2 2 LBY67 0.81 8.28E−03 2 13 LBY68 0.72 2.93E−02 3 9 LBY68 0.78 1.23E−02 9 12 LBY68 0.80 1.02E−02 9 13 LBY68 0.70 3.57E−02 1 10 LBY68 0.90 4.40E−04 4 2 LBY69 0.73 2.57E−02 3 7 LBY69 0.76 2.86E−02 8 7 LBY69 0.83 1.16E−02 8 8 LBY69 0.73 3.88E−02 8 6 LBY69 0.73 1.69E−02 4 7 LBY69 0.72 2.91E−02 2 7 LBY70 0.77 1.61E−02 3 4 LBY70 0.75 1.87E−02 3 11 LBY70 0.76 1.73E−02 9 9 LBY70 0.71 3.19E−02 2 12 LBY70 0.73 2.45E−02 2 10 LBY70 0.79 1.05E−02 2 13 LBY71 0.97 6.55E−05 8 8 LBY71 0.97 7.48E−05 8 6 LBY71 0.90 1.10E−03 1 12 LBY71 0.76 1.68E−02 1 8 LBY71 0.78 1.28E−02 1 6 LBY71 0.76 1.15E−02 4 2 LBY71 0.84 4.55E−03 2 8 LBY71 0.81 8.40E−03 2 6 LBY72 0.75 1.17E−02 4 7 LBY72 0.71 3.07E−02 2 12 LBY72 0.84 4.96E−03 2 13 LBY73 0.85 3.91E−03 3 11 LBY73 0.74 2.33E−02 9 2 LBY73 0.72 2.92E−02 2 13 LBY74 0.85 3.61E−03 3 11 LBY74 0.80 1.61E−02 8 9 LBY74 0.75 3.38E−02 8 12 LBY74 0.87 5.33E−03 8 13 LBY74 0.72 2.93E−02 9 9 LBY74 0.87 2.23E−03 9 13 LBY74 0.76 1.07E−02 4 10 LBY74 0.71 3.21E−02 2 2 LBY75 0.81 1.45E−02 8 12 LBY75 0.70 3.55E−02 1 1 LBY75 0.97 1.22E−05 1 12 LBY75 0.73 2.60E−02 1 8 LBY75 0.75 2.08E−02 1 6 LBY76 0.75 1.88E−02 3 11 LBY76 0.77 2.52E−02 8 4 LBY76 0.81 1.58E−02 8 13 LBY76 0.78 7.80E−03 1 5 LBY76 0.73 2.69E−02 1 12 LBY76 0.75 2.00E−02 1 8 LBY76 0.78 1.24E−02 1 6 LBY77 0.85 3.56E−03 3 9 LBY77 0.88 3.55E−03 8 9 LBY77 0.81 1.57E−02 8 13 LBY77 0.87 2.01E−03 9 9 LBY77 0.86 2.64E−03 1 12 LBY77 0.86 1.23E−03 4 9 LBY77 0.71 2.12E−02 4 13 LBY78 0.72 4.21E−02 8 7 LBY78 0.77 1.47E−02 1 7 LBY78 0.80 1.02E−02 1 13 LBY78 0.80 9.29E−03 2 7 LBY79 0.70 3.53E−02 3 1 LBY79 0.71 4.80E−02 8 9 LBY79 0.85 3.47E−03 9 13 LBY80 0.70 5.21E−02 8 7 LBY80 0.95 3.98E−04 8 4 LBY80 0.88 4.33E−03 8 11 LBY80 0.77 1.59E−02 1 11 LBY80 0.74 2.21E−02 2 4 LBY81 0.80 8.89E−03 9 13 LBY81 0.93 2.26E−04 1 12 LBY81 0.72 2.91E−02 1 13 LBY81 0.79 1.05E−02 2 8 LBY81 0.73 2.68E−02 2 6 LBY82 0.78 1.23E−02 3 4 LBY83 0.78 1.22E−02 1 10 LBY84 0.70 3.41E−02 3 11 LBY84 0.80 1.77E−02 8 12 LBY84 0.85 7.91E−03 8 13 LBY85 0.78 1.23E−02 3 9 LBY85 0.79 1.17E−02 3 2 LBY85 0.86 6.72E−03 8 2 LBY85 0.84 4.30E−03 9 9 LBY85 0.74 2.17E−02 9 13 LBY85 0.92 4.75E−04 1 12 LBY85 0.71 3.32E−02 1 8 LBY85 0.73 2.57E−02 1 6 LBY85 0.82 3.74E−03 4 2 LBY85 0.72 2.95E−02 2 8 LBY86 0.77 1.47E−02 9 9 LBY86 0.81 8.12E−03 9 13 LBY86 0.74 2.17E−02 1 9 LBY86 0.79 1.21E−02 1 13 LBY86 0.95 7.11E−05 2 12 LBY87 0.70 3.48E−02 3 11 LBY87 0.74 2.17E−02 2 12 LBY87 0.86 3.03E−03 2 13 LBY88 0.77 2.66E−02 8 12 LBY88 0.92 3.90E−04 1 12 LBY88 0.74 2.19E−02 1 8 LBY88 0.76 1.64E−02 1 6 LBY88 0.78 1.23E−02 2 8 LBY88 0.77 1.56E−02 2 6 LBY90 0.77 2.41E−02 8 9 LBY90 0.74 3.65E−02 8 12 LBY90 0.93 8.11E−04 8 13 LBY90 0.70 3.40E−02 9 9 LBY90 0.86 3.25E−03 9 13 LBY90 0.96 3.50E−05 1 12 LBY90 0.72 2.93E−02 1 8 LBY90 0.75 1.99E−02 1 6 LBY90 0.75 2.08E−02 2 13 LBY91 0.71 2.19E−02 4 9 LBY91 0.79 6.64E−03 4 13 LBY92 0.73 2.43E−02 1 9 LBY92 0.83 6.13E−03 1 13 LGN52 0.79 1.21E−02 3 9 LGN52 0.79 1.92E−02 8 7 LGN52 0.74 2.21E−02 9 7 LGN52 0.91 5.97E−04 2 7 LGN60 0.71 3.22E−02 3 13 LGN60 0.88 1.87E−03 9 13 LGN60 0.83 5.65E−03 2 9 LGN60 0.76 1.81E−02 2 13 Table 204. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 192. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 190. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 22 Production of Foxtail Millet Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield Related Parameters Measured in Fields Using 65K Foxtail Millet Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a Foxtail millet oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 65,000 Foxtail millet genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with yield components or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 51 different Foxtail millet inbreds were analyzed. Among them, 49 inbreds encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

51 Foxtail millet varieties were grown in 4 repetitive plots, in field. Briefly, the growing protocol was as follows:

Regular growth conditions: foxtail millet plants were grown in the field using commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols, which include 202 m³ water per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period and fertilization of 12 units of URAN® 32% (Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution; PCS Sales, Northbrook, Ill., USA) (normal growth conditions).

Analyzed Foxtail millet tissues—49 selected Foxtail millet inbreds were sampled. Tissues [leaf, panicle and peduncle] representing different plant characteristics, from plants growing under normal conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 205 below.

TABLE 205 Foxtail millet transcriptome expression sets in field experiment Expression Set Set ID Panicle grown under normal conditions, flowering 1 stage Leaf grown under normal conditions, seedling stage 2 Peduncle grown under normal conditions, flowering 3 stage Table 205: Provided are the foxtail transcriptome expression sets. Peduncle = stem below the panicle.

Foxtail millet yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were phenotyped as shown in Table 206 below. Some of the following parameters were collected using digital imaging system:

1000 grain (seed) weight (gr)—was calculated using Formula XIV above.

1000 grain weight filling rate (gr./day)—was calculated based on Formula XXXVI above.

Average heads dry weight per plant at heading (gr.)—At the process of the growing period heads of 3 plants per plot were collected (heading stage). Heads were weighted after oven dry (dry weight), and the weight was divided by the number of plants.

Average internode length (cm)—Plant heights of 4 plants per plot were measured at harvest and divided by plant number. The average plant height was divided by the average number of nodes.

Average main tiller leaves dry weight per plant at heading (gr.)—At heading stage, main tiller leaves were collected from 3 plants per plot and dried in an oven to obtain the leaves dry weight. The obtained leaves dry weight was divided by the number of plants.

Average seedling dry weight (gr)—At seedling stage, shoot material of 4 plants per plot (without roots) was collected and dried in an oven to obtain the dry weight. The obtained values were divided by the number of plants.

Average shoot dry weight (gr)—During the vegetative growing period, shoot material of 3 plants per plot (without roots) was collected and dried in an oven to obtain the dry weight. The obtained values were divided by the number of plants.

Average total dry matter per plant at harvest (kg)—Average total dry matter per plant was calculated as follows: average head weight per plant at harvest+average vegetative dry weight per plant at harvest.

Average total dry matter per plant at heading (gr)—Average total dry matter per plant was calculated as follows: average head weight per plant at heading+average vegetative dry weight per plant at heading.

Average vegetative dry weight per plant at harvest (kg)—At the end of the growing period all vegetative material (excluding roots and heads) were collected and weighted after oven dry (dry weight). The biomass was then divided by the total number of square meters. To obtain the biomass per plant the biomass per square meter was divided by the number of plants per square meter.

Average vegetative dry weight per plant at heading (gr)—At the heading stage, all vegetative material (excluding roots) were collected and weighted after (dry weight) oven dry. The biomass per plant was calculated by dividing total biomass by the number of plants.

Calculated grains per dunam (number)—Calculated by dividing grains yield per dunam by average grain weight.

Dry matter partitioning (ratio)—Dry matter partitioning was calculated based on Formula XXXV.

Grain area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the head. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain fill duration (num)—Duration of grain filling period was calculated by subtracting the number of days to flowering from the number of days to maturity.

Grain length (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the ear. A sample of ˜200 grains were weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grains yield per dunam (kg)—At the end of the growing period heads were collected (harvest stage). Heads were separately threshed and grains were weighted (grain yield). Grains yield per dunam was calculated by multiplying grain yield per m² by 1000 (dunam is 1000 m²).

Grains yield per head (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all heads were collected. 6 main heads from 6 plants per plot were separately threshed and grains were weighted. The average grain weight per head was calculated by dividing the total grain weight of the 6 heads by the number of heads.

Grains yield per plant (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all plants were collected. All heads from 6 plants per plot were separately threshed and grains were weighted. The average grain weight per plant was calculated by dividing the total grain weight of the 6 plants by the number of plants.

Harvest index (number)—was calculated based on Formula XV above.

Head area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period 6 main heads from 6 plants per plot were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The head area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of heads.

Head length (cm)—At the end of the growing period 6 heads from 6 plants per plot were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The head length (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of heads.

Head width (cm)—At the end of the growing period 6 main heads of 6 plants per plot were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The head width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of heads.

Heads per plant (number)—At the end of the growing period total number of 6 plants heads per plot was counted and divided by the number of plants.

Leaves area per plant at heading (cm²)—Total green leaves area per plant at heading. Leaf area of 3 plants was measured separately using a leaf area-meter. The obtained leaf area was divided by 3 to obtain leaf area per plant.

Leaves dry weight at heading (gr.)—Leaves dry weight was measured at heading stage by collecting all leaves material of 3 plants per plot and weighting it after oven dry (dry weight).

Leaves num at heading (number)—Plants were characterized for leaf number during the heading stage. Plants were measured for their leaf number by separately counting all green leaves of 3 plants per plot.

Leaves temperature_1 (° Celsius)—Leaf temperature was measured using Fluke IR thermometer 568 device. Measurements were done on opened flag leaf.

Lower stem width at heading (mm)—At heading stage lower stem internodes from 3 plants were separated from the plant and their diameter was measured using a caliber.

Main heads dry weight at harvest (gr.)—At the end of the growing period (harvest stage) main heads of 6 plants per plot were collected and weighted after oven dry (dry weight).

Main heads grains number (number)—At the end of the growing period (harvest stage) all plants were collected. Main heads from 6 plants per plot were threshed and grains were counted.

Main heads grains yield (gr.)—At the end of the growing period (harvest stage) all plants were collected. Main heads from 6 plants per plot were threshed and grains were weighted.

Main stem dry weight at harvest (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all plants were collected. Main stems from 6 plants per plot were separated from the rest of the plants, oven dried and weighted to obtain their dry weight.

Nodes number (number)—Nodes number was counted in main culm in 6 plants at heading stage.

Number days to flag leaf senescence (number)—the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to flag leaf senescence (above half of the leaves are yellow).

Number days to heading (number)—the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to heading.

Number days to tan (number)—the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrives to tan.

Peduncle thickness per plant at heading (mm)—Peduncle thickness was obtained at heading stage by measuring the diameter of main culm just above auricles of flag leaf.

Plant height (cm)—Plants were measured for their height at harvest stage using a measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to the point below the head.

Plant weight growth (gr./day)—Plant weight growth was calculated based on Formula VII above.

SPAD at grain filling (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at grain filling stage. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaves of 4 plants per plot by performing three measurements per leaf per plant.

SPAD at vegetative stage (SPAD unit)—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at vegetative stage. SPAD meter readings were done on fully developed leaves of 4 plants per plot by performing three measurements per leaf per plant.

Specific leaf area at heading (cm²/gr.)—was calculated according to Formula XXXVII above.

Tillering per plant at heading (number)—Tillers of 3 plants per plot were counted at heading stage and divided by the number of plants.

Vegetative dry weight at flowering/water until flowering (gr./lit)—was calculated according to Formula XXXVIII above.

Vegetative dry weight (kg)—At the end of the growing period all vegetative material (excluding roots and heads) were collected and weighted after oven dry. The weight of plants is per one meter.

Yield filling rate (gr./day)—was calculated according to Formula XXXIX above.

Yield per dunam/water until tan (kg/ml)—was calculated according to Formula XXXX above.

Yield per plant/water until tan (gr/ml)—was calculated according to Formula XXXXI above.

Data parameters collected are summarized in Table 206, herein below.

TABLE 206 Foxtail millet correlated parameters under normal conditions (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.] 1 1000 grain weight filling rate [gr./day] 2 Average Heads DW per plant (HD) [gr.] 3 Average Seedling DW [gr.] 4 Average Shoot DW_[gr.] 5 Average Total dry matter per plant (H) [kg] 6 Average r Total dry matter per plant (HD) [gr.] 7 Average Vegetative DW per plant (H) [kg] 8 Average Vegetative DW per plant (HD) [gr.] 9 Average internode length [cm] 10 Average main Stem DW (H) [gr.] 11 Average main tiller Leaves DW per plant (HD) [gr.] 12 CV (Grain area) [%] 13 CV (Grain length) [%] 14 CV (Grain width) [%] 15 Calculated Grains per dunam [number] 16 Dry matter partitioning [ratio] 17 Field Head Width [cm] 18 Grain area [cm²] 19 Grain fill duration [days] 20 Grain length [cm] 21 Grain width [cm] 22 Grains Yield per dunam [kg] 23 Grains Yield per plant [gr.] 24 Grains yield per Head [gr.] 25 Harvest index [number] 26 Head Area [cm²] 27 Head Width [cm] 28 Heads per plant [number] 29 Leaves DW (HD) [gr.] 30 Leaves area per plant (HD) [cm²] 31 Leaves num (HD) [number] 32 Leaves temperature [Celsius] 33 Lower Stem width (HD) [mm] 34 Main Heads DW (H) [gr,] 35 Main heads Grains num [number] 36 Main heads Grains yield [gr.] 37 Nodes num [number] 38 Num days Flag leaf senescence [number] 39 Num days to Heading [number] 40 Num days to Tan [number] 41 Peduncle thickness per plant (HD) [mm] 42 Plant height [cm] 43 Plant weight growth [gr./day] 44 SPAD (GF) [SPAD unit] 45 SPAD_(veg) [SPAD unit] 46 Specific leaf area (HD) [cm²/gr.] 47 Tillering per plant (HD) [num] 48 VDW (F)/water until heading [gr./lit] 49 Vegetative DW [kg] 50 Yield filling rate [gr./day] 51 Yield per dunam/water until tan [kg/ml] 52 Yield per plant/water until tan [gr./ml] 53 Main Stem DW (H) [gr.] 54 Table 206. Provided are the Foxtail millet correlated parameters (vectors). “gr.” = grams; “kg” = kilograms; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “DW” = Plant Dry weight; “GF” = grain filling growth stage; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “hd” = heading growth stage; “Avr”—average; “num”—number; “cm”—centimeter; “veg” = vegetative stage. VDW” = vegetative dry weight; “TDM” = Total dry matter; “lit”—liter; “CV” = coefficient of variation (%).

Experimental Results

51 different Foxtail millet inbreds were grown and characterized for different parameters (Table 206). 49 lines were selected for expression analysis. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 207-211) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 212). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 207 Measured parameters in Foxtail millet accessions under normal conditions L/ Corr. ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L-1  3.208 0.134 10.147 0.511 7.660 0.130 51.761 0.064 41.614 L-2  2.154 0.061 33.467 0.252 6.325 0.095 99.808 0.044 66.342 L-3  2.677 0.096 7.593 0.553 7.712 0.147 56.331 0.065 48.738 L-4  3.932 0.109 5.847 0.730 6.713 0.140 49.564 0.068 43.718 L-5  3.584 0.112 4.278 0.487 5.842 0.069 37.041 0.034 32.762 L-6  3.087 0.094 10.188 0.456 7.750 0.132 56.967 0.057 46.779 L-7  3.103 0.069 7.784 0.478 9.359 0.117 69.368 0.066 61.584 L-8  3.297 0.094 2.448 0.548 5.723 0.088 55.047 0.056 52.598 L-9  2.738 0.098 6.027 0.463 6.472 0.090 41.753 0.045 35.727 L-10 2.775 0.099 6.747 0.361 8.378 0.083 50.306 0.043 43.559 L-11 3.116 0.068 8.867 0.553 10.585 0.114 47.990 0.046 39.123 L-12 3.444 0.073 6.311 0.465 5.718 0.159 52.453 0.076 46.142 L-13 2.914 0.050 2.819 0.559 11.420 0.075 22.454 0.038 19.635 L-14 3.103 0.108 8.452 0.344 6.838 0.091 94.874 0.061 86.423 L-15 3.530 0.091 3.936 0.534 7.591 0.078 35.256 0.037 31.321 L-16 3.576 0.069 3.200 0.597 12.147 0.093 26.559 0.050 23.359 L-17 2.837 0.092 7.730 0.670 8.237 0.070 39.558 0.026 31.829 L-18 3.139 0.059 2.683 0.521 7.299 0.119 25.120 0.059 22.437 L-19 3.255 0.128 6.551 0.347 6.683 0.095 33.126 0.046 26.575 L-20 2.751 0.098 4.975 0.346 8.865 0.118 34.057 0.067 29.082 L-21 2.753 0.089 6.103 0.558 9.557 0.097 29.286 0.050 23.183 L-22 2.909 0.107 4.842 0.434 8.093 0.094 31.300 0.045 26.458 L-23 2.358 0.076 1.658 0.269 5.851 0.054 9.614 0.026 11.161 L-24 2.715 0.097 4.715 0.448 6.207 0.079 25.785 0.033 21.070 L-25 4.374 0.169 7.418 0.364 5.400 0.080 30.032 0.031 22.614 L-26 3.464 0.123 9.505 0.442 3.918 0.080 37.617 0.029 28.113 L-27 2.190 0.084 3.478 0.470 6.974 0.105 50.380 0.065 46.903 L-28 3.081 0.135 6.490 0.460 4.592 0.099 53.233 0.046 46.743 L-29 2.250 0.091 6.998 0.317 4.893 0.107 63.263 0.056 56.265 L-30 2.205 0.114 4.700 0.245 3.628 0.070 31.946 0.045 27.246 L-31 4.027 0.130 2.821 0.371 5.728 0.053 15.271 0.019 12.450 L-32 3.141 0.081 6.290 0.589 6.377 0.093 59.825 0.048 53.535 L-33 3.008 0.120 5.783 0.497 7.686 0.092 72.317 0.060 66.535 L-34 3.633 0.137 6.710 0.499 6.853 0.117 50.777 0.070 44.067 L-35 NA NA 4.130 0.307 4.770 0.097 58.229 0.071 54.099 L-36 3.400 0.138 6.720 0.588 7.298 0.094 83.265 0.055 76.545 L-37 2.582 0.098 4.713 0.516 6.683 0.068 70.256 0.044 65.543 L-38 2.758 0.086 6.511 0.520 9.272 0.079 101.692 0.056 95.181 L-39 3.662 0.115 8.973 0.400 8.886 0.098 73.627 0.051 64.654 L-40 2.869 0.098 7.036 0.440 8.166 0.065 66.610 0.044 59.574 L-41 3.202 0.121 10.416 0.513 7.105 0.068 104.128 0.044 93.712 L-42 2.773 0.087 6.421 0.469 7.333 0.125 90.612 0.077 84.191 L-43 3.644 0.074 3.959 0.516 9.263 0.176 50.238 0.093 46.279 L-44 3.179 0.064 4.466 0.573 6.958 0.080 74.387 0.047 69.921 L-45 2.809 0.104 1.668 0.441 5.720 0.082 22.522 0.035 20.854 L-46 2.729 0.097 3.372 0.521 9.980 0.069 20.338 0.035 16.967 L-47 3.070 0.088 1.187 0.553 7.092 0.086 16.061 0.045 14.873 L-48 2.937 0.109 7.150 0.450 5.181 0.059 33.797 0.033 26.647 L-49 3.180 0.091 1.593 0.443 7.718 0.104 34.323 0.056 32.730 Table 207: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above)measured in Foxtail millet accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 208 Additional measured parameters in Foxtail millet accessions under normal growth conditions L/ Corr. ID 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 L-1  12.686 10.313 2.612 6.099 5.497 3.996 1676.9 60.631 19.032 0.0375 24.0 L-2  10.142 6.468 1.459 7.378 5.309 5.237 944.0 64.283 19.270 0.0219 35.3 L-3  14.277 12.260 2.910 7.292 6.030 5.838 1495.9 102.784 20.593 0.0252 28.0 L-4  11.986 22.069 4.932 11.818 7.687 7.170 1952.9 79.206 29.108 0.0310 36.0 L-5  10.970 26.449 6.151 12.920 8.473 8.127 1051.3 52.837 29.004 0.0296 32.0 L-6  12.081 11.044 2.928 8.158 5.198 6.360 1471.2 97.580 26.820 0.0281 32.8 L-7  12.542 1.960 0.500 10.456 7.250 7.683 1132.8 41.680 12.018 0.0271 45.0 L-8  12.779 7.057 2.227 7.155 4.667 5.252 1232.5 29.373 11.824 0.0273 35.5 L-9  11.794 4.539 1.179 7.347 5.689 5.327 1097.0 60.904 10.365 0.0266 28.0 L-10 12.770 5.456 1.493 6.250 4.725 5.464 1224.3 54.117 12.463 0.0271 28.0 L-11 14.431 3.253 0.719 11.091 6.955 6.691 1342.0 113.742 17.098 0.0257 46.0 L-12 15.967 2.693 0.491 8.547 7.227 6.783 1095.1 129.888 11.823 0.0303 47.0 L-13 14.503 2.828 0.600 8.529 7.111 5.815 963.1 70.391 10.306 0.0267 58.0 L-14 10.829 7.429 2.678 6.738 4.610 5.097 954.9 24.402 11.778 0.0261 29.0 L-15 11.397 2.635 0.879 7.872 6.023 5.222 1459.9 55.647 11.313 0.0319 39.0 L-16 12.088 2.557 0.681 10.377 8.299 6.394 1586.6 58.556 11.380 0.0288 52.0 L-17 11.851 2.519 0.730 11.656 8.375 7.661 1501.1 120.670 14.759 0.0266 31.0 L-18 17.928 2.130 0.560 10.740 6.469 7.048 1220.2 63.720 11.093 0.0273 53.0 L-19 12.491 29.343 5.763 12.832 7.121 7.363 928.7 95.491 36.429 0.0263 25.5 L-20 18.281 9.465 1.446 6.630 4.511 5.548 1363.7 53.204 14.307 0.0260 28.0 L-21 16.102 2.888 0.708 9.456 7.235 6.494 1013.7 69.628 10.331 0.0271 31.0 L-22 14.445 5.864 1.264 8.847 6.039 6.308 1308.4 71.324 13.965 0.0309 28.0 L-23 12.405 8.522 1.943 10.122 6.608 6.866 427.6 84.873 23.511 0.0185 31.0 L-24 16.231 3.538 1.139 10.357 8.790 6.070 1178.7 82.008 12.619 0.0307 28.0 L-25 13.090 13.257 3.074 11.382 10.248 6.698 1557.6 139.907 18.695 0.0308 25.5 L-26 11.367 23.084 3.792 11.089 7.902 6.726 1437.5 107.836 29.608 0.0278 28.0 L-27 10.137 53.191 10.500 8.302 5.860 5.570 829.7 32.839 35.452 0.0213 26.8 L-28 10.028 35.971 11.395 9.475 7.126 6.094 1738.0 70.807 41.648 0.0311 23.5 L-29 11.946 24.312 6.001 9.794 8.685 6.039 1031.5 55.269 33.265 0.0259 25.0 L-30 13.794 27.705 4.963 10.768 10.660 6.234 512.5 26.243 24.077 0.0219 19.5 L-31 11.515 19.933 3.584 10.860 6.947 7.328 1152.6 131.172 37.533 0.0316 31.0 L-32 10.170 2.835 0.334 9.703 6.649 7.077 869.5 47.609 9.805 0.0274 39.0 L-33 12.299 9.160 2.562 6.851 4.151 5.376 1056.1 28.044 10.692 0.0249 25.0 L-34 13.188 18.293 4.159 6.499 4.080 5.029 1446.5 45.362 21.174 0.0289 26.5 L-35 13.397 12.865 3.533 11.012 7.230 7.830 NA 23.629 18.504 0.0268 25.0 L-36 12.106 7.624 2.618 5.630 3.872 5.478 1388.6 36.807 12.702 0.0284 25.0 L-37 11.304 11.766 3.044 8.134 5.961 5.237 728.2 26.055 14.503 0.0252 26.5 L-38 12.956 9.730 2.748 6.636 4.359 5.278 606.9 22.285 13.497 0.0245 32.0 L-39 14.395 11.080 3.336 6.835 4.235 5.355 1634.5 60.632 15.688 0.0309 32.0 L-40 13.946 7.363 2.500 7.240 4.473 5.792 800.2 21.278 11.303 0.0249 30.0 L-41 16.451 8.469 2.743 6.352 4.335 5.221 821.0 29.561 15.190 0.0272 26.5 L-42 12.541 13.742 2.530 8.685 6.595 6.130 1207.6 40.569 16.800 0.0265 32.0 L-43 13.992 1.373 0.299 10.376 8.012 6.776 1487.7 92.060 9.488 0.0304 49.0 L-44 13.289 2.455 0.782 9.823 7.672 6.309 1281.2 42.087 11.558 0.0318 50.0 L-45 12.215 14.230 2.470 10.054 6.377 6.540 863.5 116.960 28.215 0.0220 27.0 L-46 13.746 4.615 1.008 6.990 6.278 5.642 981.7 53.445 13.281 0.0358 28.0 L-47 12.590 2.400 0.633 11.093 8.332 6.284 1059.8 61.182 11.226 0.0303 35.0 L-48 16.000 21.536 3.817 7.312 5.589 4.878 655.0 55.139 22.766 0.0242 27.0 L-49 13.929 1.940 0.693 11.206 8.514 6.269 1229.0 66.595 10.489 0.0271 35.0 Table 208: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 209 Additional measured parameters in Foxtail millet accessions under normal growth conditions L/ Corr. ID 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 L-1  0.2470 0.1936 523.448 52.326 6.423 0.406 45.904 1.902 7.935 7.835 465.7 L-2  0.2109 0.1486 436.940 35.126 3.468 0.372 40.258 2.166 10.327 4.378 193.4 L-3  0.2288 0.1585 560.843 61.498 7.077 0.419 35.816 2.618 8.655 8.730 543.0 L-4  0.2404 0.1838 491.668 51.859 10.845 0.363 55.857 2.730 4.821 14.796 726.2 L-5  0.2418 0.1799 296.573 23.980 15.033 0.319 39.621 2.886 1.734 18.454 742.8 L-6  0.2338 0.1719 478.080 59.256 8.795 0.442 57.119 2.730 6.929 8.785 522.8 L-7  0.2437 0.1617 357.615 31.052 0.710 0.268 11.506 1.265 45.779 1.501 82.8 L-8  0.2446 0.1608 373.488 24.845 2.316 0.278 23.955 1.292 11.107 6.680 321.5 L-9  0.2494 0.1540 403.167 35.211 1.801 0.391 19.008 1.298 19.469 3.538 221.6 L-10 0.2514 0.1550 440.728 31.820 2.091 0.385 22.942 1.374 15.442 4.479 301.9 L-11 0.2248 0.1637 423.047 50.574 1.548 0.436 14.462 1.948 44.151 2.157 177.5 L-12 0.2716 0.1650 318.777 57.406 0.558 0.352 12.210 1.321 100.117 1.474 105.0 L-13 0.2439 0.1597 330.000 28.963 1.262 0.389 13.395 1.193 33.200 1.799 163.2 L-14 0.2368 0.1596 306.945 21.188 2.029 0.235 24.485 1.427 10.610 8.035 431.6 L-15 0.2665 0.1743 412.848 29.392 0.907 0.369 15.126 1.359 32.856 2.637 177.7 L-16 0.2499 0.1691 444.183 35.353 0.868 0.378 15.290 1.281 40.880 2.044 190.0 L-17 0.2425 0.1587 510.250 37.182 1.327 0.534 14.334 1.500 27.810 2.191 202.3 L-18 0.2499 0.1583 389.653 41.484 0.713 0.343 13.613 1.335 46.577 1.681 136.7 L-19 0.2185 0.1711 286.170 35.081 13.319 0.371 65.767 3.107 3.317 17.289 648.0 L-20 0.2331 0.1609 494.023 42.095 2.721 0.355 25.215 1.642 15.483 4.339 240.5 L-21 0.2604 0.1508 369.768 36.300 0.591 0.370 10.086 1.307 71.952 2.123 147.9 L-22 0.2442 0.1674 449.293 37.191 1.281 0.398 18.308 1.630 30.340 3.791 286.9 L-23 0.1829 0.1436 181.893 17.860 1.239 0.369 42.599 2.116 17.236 5.830 357.0 L-24 0.2518 0.1643 433.943 33.982 0.931 0.430 15.019 1.440 36.918 3.416 287.1 L-25 0.2569 0.1790 324.913 36.954 11.493 0.461 49.775 2.064 3.233 9.222 396.5 L-26 0.2226 0.1780 421.437 38.561 17.576 0.484 60.201 2.541 2.232 11.375 459.2 L-27 0.1948 0.1499 381.280 30.666 13.922 0.251 80.493 2.628 2.347 31.500 1184.3 L-28 0.2291 0.1826 516.873 40.226 21.574 0.405 91.859 4.606 2.064 34.185 1417.5 L-29 0.2167 0.1657 458.375 40.534 9.844 0.321 56.953 2.893 4.071 18.000 771.6 L-30 0.2209 0.1598 229.610 16.337 7.564 0.228 54.685 2.479 2.120 14.888 505.8 L-31 0.2387 0.1877 286.395 26.549 19.153 0.503 84.473 3.176 1.439 8.073 593.5 L-32 0.2413 0.1642 277.078 24.807 0.274 0.268 6.454 1.372 90.586 1.002 68.4 L-33 0.2238 0.1587 351.175 24.234 2.841 0.263 20.919 1.305 8.580 7.685 434.5 L-34 0.2459 0.1680 399.380 35.310 6.138 0.303 46.721 2.212 5.775 12.478 589.5 L-35 0.2482 0.1581 217.370 19.085 3.016 0.196 34.087 1.717 6.456 10.600 463.4 L-36 0.2475 0.1651 408.020 28.705 2.276 0.305 23.952 1.320 12.720 7.855 415.1 L-37 0.2294 0.1585 275.790 17.510 2.132 0.265 36.224 1.853 8.146 9.133 442.1 L-38 0.2254 0.1573 219.835 15.830 1.535 0.206 31.321 1.676 10.755 8.243 460.7 L-39 0.2565 0.1715 442.417 37.021 5.071 0.372 37.722 1.690 7.337 10.008 529.8 L-40 0.2363 0.1527 279.125 16.235 2.136 0.247 29.251 1.524 7.727 7.500 320.8 L-41 0.2431 0.1619 254.648 18.083 1.925 0.266 29.508 1.560 9.393 8.228 349.8 L-42 0.2319 0.1649 432.950 36.965 2.230 0.294 29.121 1.873 15.957 7.590 366.1 L-43 0.2535 0.1735 407.965 58.985 0.364 0.332 7.714 1.141 123.564 0.896 73.7 L-44 0.2631 0.1691 407.297 27.890 0.712 0.315 14.875 1.406 41.222 2.084 160.9 L-45 0.1989 0.1563 308.283 35.358 8.497 0.431 51.224 2.990 4.233 7.410 470.8 L-46 0.2578 0.1771 359.710 25.460 0.723 0.373 12.674 1.492 38.671 3.023 255.1 L-47 0.2512 0.1621 345.240 30.750 0.476 0.357 10.189 1.344 64.453 1.900 169.8 L-48 0.2157 0.1609 223.693 20.025 4.673 0.326 46.936 2.144 4.279 11.450 525.3 L-49 0.2416 0.1634 386.343 35.518 0.669 0.361 15.213 1.284 54.655 2.080 204.6 Table 209: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 210 Additional measured parameter in Foxtail millet accessions under normal growth conditions L/ Corr. ID 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 L-1  10.167 35.346 6.212 89.800 21808 69.938 10.208 87.000 37.8 61.0 2.970 L-2  8.333 34.194 5.268 60.278 23393 50.248 11.278 87.750 43.8 79.0 2.078 L-3  9.500 34.783 6.399 97.153 31815 83.283 8.917 83.667 40.0 68.0 2.589 L-4  11.417 34.140 7.169 142.260 27993 108.443 12.375 86.667 47.0 83.0 3.971 L-5  10.083 34.019 7.164 132.088 31003 111.863 11.500 81.333 47.0 79.0 4.913 L-6  11.500 35.904 5.592 100.283 25379 80.673 10.667 89.333 46.3 79.0 3.916 L-7  6.917 33.910 2.338 15.723 3051 10.450 7.000 87.000 41.0 86.0 1.525 L-8  11.000 33.469 5.303 28.830 7161 23.435 10.875 83.500 50.5 86.0 2.313 L-9  9.083 33.577 3.978 29.715 9195 25.053 9.625 76.000 40.0 68.0 2.226 L-10 8.667 34.346 4.298 33.580 10390 28.743 9.167 70.000 40.0 68.0 2.944 L-11 5.667 33.310 3.834 29.700 6830 21.315 6.250 85.000 33.0 79.0 3.059 L-12 5.111 34.939 2.419 12.540 2858 9.567 5.000 94.333 39.0 86.0 1.701 L-13 5.083 33.229 3.491 16.488 4767 13.643 5.750 91.000 33.0 91.0 2.690 L-14 11.417 33.375 5.554 27.015 6622 20.438 12.375 79.000 54.8 83.0 1.861 L-15 8.500 34.779 3.556 21.528 4829 16.873 8.083 79.250 40.0 79.0 1.906 L-16 6.750 33.577 3.465 17.920 4062 14.260 6.913 88.333 33.0 86.0 2.865 L-17 6.000 34.521 3.798 29.255 7386 20.890 7.478 81.667 33.0 64.0 2.984 L-18 5.583 33.352 3.108 17.700 4644 14.143 5.208 91.000 33.0 86.0 2.526 L-19 10.889 35.702 8.488 164.405 39491 126.260 10.542 70.000 38.5 64.0 4.219 L-20 8.917 36.081 5.109 36.920 11175 30.363 8.833 74.667 40.0 68.0 2.264 L-21 6.500 36.331 3.382 15.525 4550 12.288 6.667 85.333 33.0 64.0 2.252 L-22 7.000 34.096 4.139 43.960 11884 35.613 7.542 70.000 33.0 61.0 2.510 L-23 9.333 37.794 5.143 74.270 25745 61.475 8.083 78.000 33.0 64.0 2.289 L-24 7.417 33.710 4.044 32.258 10116 26.915 6.500 82.333 33.0 61.0 2.910 L-25 8.417 35.383 6.398 118.615 22554 96.977 8.083 70.000 38.5 64.0 3.405 L-26 10.333 33.544 6.353 183.995 45768 153.405 10.917 78.333 39.3 68.0 4.377 L-27 13.333 34.252 9.559 205.330 72811 148.725 16.250 86.667 52.3 79.0 4.740 L-28 13.583 35.631 9.078 297.645 79336 240.727 12.125 96.000 55.5 79.0 3.959 L-29 12.417 34.608 7.847 111.153 39953 89.588 12.833 80.000 53.3 79.0 3.215 L-30 9.250 37.969 7.537 84.168 30461 64.960 11.167 81.333 52.5 72.0 2.460 L-31 10.667 35.627 5.907 212.663 42852 172.618 10.458 78.000 37.0 68.0 5.002 L-32 6.500 35.527 2.685 7.305 1916 5.963 7.208 96.000 47.0 86.0 1.530 L-33 10.667 32.798 5.477 27.695 7487 22.548 11.833 81.333 53.3 79.0 2.278 L-34 11.167 35.050 6.534 67.398 15024 54.450 12.000 81.333 52.5 79.0 2.883 L-35 12.917 33.967 5.899 37.395 15482 28.640 12.000 83.667 53.3 79.0 2.219 L-36 11.083 33.675 5.436 30.835 7112 24.018 11.500 79.000 53.3 79.0 1.995 L-37 12.833 35.694 4.868 36.010 11390 29.410 12.250 75.750 52.5 79.0 2.519 L-38 10.667 34.590 5.763 30.610 8318 22.915 10.875 85.750 54.0 86.0 2.693 L-39 9.833 34.421 6.426 59.638 13586 49.848 10.333 79.000 47.0 79.0 2.719 L-40 10.333 33.773 5.662 25.743 6967 19.830 10.667 83.500 49.0 79.0 2.089 L-41 10.250 34.317 6.289 28.155 6920 22.085 9.625 82.667 52.5 79.0 2.383 L-42 9.833 34.573 5.321 67.483 20024 50.003 12.333 81.333 47.0 79.0 1.879 L-43 5.250 34.356 2.686 7.388 1589 5.618 6.667 92.667 37.0 86.0 1.114 L-44 5.667 33.465 3.166 17.748 4360 13.555 6.875 91.000 41.0 91.0 2.841 L-45 8.750 37.452 6.546 99.460 28950 81.203 9.250 75.750 37.0 64.0 2.644 L-46 7.500 35.338 4.528 29.748 8930 24.443 7.792 73.500 33.0 61.0 1.944 L-47 6.750 34.892 3.188 11.615 2977 8.810 7.375 92.667 33.0 68.0 1.508 L-48 10.167 35.425 7.607 96.310 28133 82.633 9.875 70.000 37.0 64.0 3.365 L-49 6.000 32.788 3.748 17.885 4690 14.583 6.292 82.333 33.0 68.0 1.535 Table 210: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 211 Additional measured parameters in Foxtail millet accessions under normal growth conditions L/ Corr. ID 43 44 45 46 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 L-1  128.958 1.573 61.935 48.331 48.331 178.139 7.583 0.491 0.622 21.437 2.412 0.241 61.875 L-2  109.277 1.677 53.240 43.752 43.752 132.587 10.333 0.567 0.544 12.445 1.844 0.148 38.808 L-3  125.646 1.852 59.635 45.810 45.810 186.288 9.250 0.487 0.595 20.030 2.366 0.259 73.563 L-4  147.621 1.317 62.080 51.204 51.204 147.933 3.750 0.319 0.652 13.657 2.075 0.219 132.413 L-5  126.171 0.981 60.254 51.054 51.054 121.133 2.250 0.239 0.453 9.268 1.251 0.101 158.695 L-6  127.190 1.397 65.681 48.802 48.802 179.088 6.583 0.357 0.474 14.578 2.017 0.250 66.263 L-7  86.450 1.845 57.424 47.806 47.806 167.304 20.667 0.588 0.762 8.015 1.509 0.131 11.760 L-8  138.625 1.608 46.640 49.923 49.923 144.454 13.667 0.335 0.845 10.653 1.576 0.105 42.343 L-9  112.875 1.350 46.440 41.715 41.715 189.283 15.833 0.357 0.584 14.399 1.701 0.149 27.233 L-10 116.771 1.650 42.698 42.912 42.912 225.039 16.250 0.436 0.601 15.740 1.860 0.134 32.738 L-11 88.729 1.928 57.308 48.588 48.588 246.888 21.750 0.543 0.465 9.197 1.785 0.213 19.515 L-12 78.717 1.765 61.122 45.067 45.067 215.861 35.222 0.510 0.428 6.817 1.345 0.242 16.160 L-13 81.875 0.954 54.270 44.900 44.900 270.627 16.500 0.273 0.435 5.690 1.392 0.122 16.970 L-14 134.546 1.739 45.058 46.185 46.185 162.870 13.750 0.476 0.869 10.673 1.295 0.089 44.573 L-15 91.300 1.163 53.465 49.672 49.672 204.193 16.667 0.313 0.529 10.586 1.742 0.124 15.813 L-16 82.761 1.138 56.990 47.027 47.027 279.201 15.000 0.297 0.633 8.540 1.874 0.149 14.768 L-17 82.835 1.558 48.423 44.356 44.356 277.408 18.250 0.442 0.360 16.460 2.153 0.157 14.250 L-18 90.954 1.096 61.010 48.983 48.983 246.853 16.583 0.312 0.655 7.352 1.644 0.175 12.780 L-19 129.383 0.978 63.658 49.510 49.510 125.254 1.167 0.296 0.373 11.352 1.207 0.148 176.060 L-20 159.542 1.078 64.058 48.517 48.517 166.770 9.000 0.291 0.782 17.644 2.084 0.178 56.788 L-21 105.783 1.131 57.615 49.127 49.127 211.221 15.083 0.322 0.510 11.928 1.560 0.153 17.325 L-22 107.063 1.301 53.504 45.627 45.627 227.911 13.917 0.384 0.532 16.777 2.070 0.171 35.183 L-23 97.808 0.635 58.092 50.992 50.992 203.990 5.250 0.129 0.245 4.514 0.767 0.075 51.133 L-24 102.479 1.031 53.400 45.177 45.177 251.631 11.000 0.293 0.434 15.498 2.000 0.157 21.228 L-25 104.246 0.844 64.658 51.258 51.258 130.619 2.000 0.257 0.268 12.684 1.371 0.156 79.543 L-26 123.167 1.067 61.858 50.104 50.104 119.749 3.167 0.291 0.352 15.209 1.778 0.163 138.503 L-27 164.167 1.169 51.271 50.649 50.649 111.567 1.417 0.282 0.933 14.478 1.609 0.129 319.148 L-28 120.870 1.168 59.071 47.508 47.508 124.662 1.583 0.252 0.579 22.470 2.181 0.170 215.828 L-29 152.421 1.434 45.519 47.983 47.983 128.734 3.667 0.334 0.758 18.513 1.934 0.171 145.873 L-30 153.063 0.683 45.221 49.431 49.431 102.055 1.417 0.166 0.637 12.112 0.969 0.069 166.228 L-31 118.438 0.604 67.892 51.856 51.856 165.763 1.333 0.152 0.204 9.239 1.208 0.112 119.595 L-32 72.504 1.632 60.747 43.388 43.388 207.114 26.667 0.391 0.536 7.105 1.169 0.105 17.010 L-33 144.917 1.679 44.081 47.810 47.810 152.324 9.833 0.384 0.874 14.082 1.482 0.102 54.960 L-34 157.854 1.095 55.485 45.529 45.529 141.685 4.083 0.269 0.797 15.179 1.685 0.149 109.758 L-35 160.021 1.378 46.251 45.260 45.260 131.123 6.417 0.313 0.824 8.860 0.917 0.081 77.188 L-36 138.813 1.943 46.836 46.131 46.131 158.832 11.583 0.447 0.787 16.885 1.722 0.121 45.743 L-37 137.308 2.012 40.937 45.190 45.190 143.926 11.417 0.393 0.654 10.592 1.164 0.074 70.598 L-38 136.265 2.065 43.448 44.017 44.017 169.880 14.583 0.538 0.751 6.870 0.928 0.067 58.378 L-39 148.475 1.969 37.781 44.381 44.381 161.392 8.167 0.489 0.626 14.667 1.867 0.156 66.483 L-40 147.958 1.494 42.473 44.954 44.954 127.309 9.250 0.437 0.763 9.530 1.178 0.069 44.175 L-41 157.513 2.397 46.823 47.042 47.042 125.253 13.750 0.567 0.611 9.726 1.074 0.076 50.813 L-42 154.208 2.146 44.696 44.742 44.742 144.574 13.500 0.615 0.901 13.530 1.827 0.156 82.453 L-43 90.950 1.742 57.319 44.931 44.931 246.502 31.667 0.564 0.662 8.326 1.721 0.249 8.235 L-44 88.750 2.476 60.113 50.192 50.192 212.864 36.167 0.668 0.725 7.986 1.719 0.118 14.728 L-45 110.617 1.165 65.658 52.279 52.279 191.657 5.250 0.254 0.307 11.418 1.301 0.149 85.383 L-46 106.083 0.758 56.935 43.960 43.960 254.498 6.917 0.236 0.483 12.847 1.658 0.117 27.690 L-47 90.854 0.830 55.525 47.365 47.365 292.024 11.417 0.207 0.507 9.864 1.457 0.130 14.400 L-48 157.133 1.001 61.688 48.563 48.563 138.388 2.250 0.325 0.396 8.285 0.944 0.084 129.215 L-49 85.788 1.819 54.054 47.442 47.442 295.635 23.417 0.457 0.580 10.577 1.630 0.150 11.638 Table 211: Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in Foxtail millet accessions (“L” = Line) under normal conditions. Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section.

TABLE 212 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across Foxtail millet accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY69 0.72 1.07E−08 3 25 LBY69 0.74 2.07E−09 3 28 LBY69 0.76 5.41E−10 3 37 LBY69 0.72 6.18E−09 3 36 LBY69 0.73 4.40E−09 3 18 LBY69 0.75 1.07E−09 3 35 LBY80 0.73 5.10E−09 3 25 LBY80 0.76 4.12E−10 3 37 LBY80 0.75 1.01E−09 3 35 LGN52 0.71 1.56E−08 3 29 Table 212. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 206. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 205. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 23 Production of Wheat Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis with Yield Related Parameters Using 62K Wheat Oligonucleotide Micro-Arrays

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a wheat oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 50,000 wheat genes and transcripts.

Correlation of Wheat Lines Grown Under Regular Growth Conditions

Experimental Procedures

185 spring wheat lines were grown in 5 replicate plots in the field. Wheat seeds were sown and plants were grown under commercial fertilization and irrigation protocols (normal growth conditions) which include 150 m³ applied water and 400 m³ by rainfall per dunam (1000 square meters) per entire growth period and fertilization of 15 units of URAN® 21% (Nitrogen Fertilizer Solution; PCS Sales, Northbrook, Ill., USA).

In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression with yield components or vigor related parameters, phenotypic performance of the 185 different wheat lines was characterized and analyzed at various developmental stages. Twenty six selected lines, encompassing a wide range of the observed variation were sampled for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Analyzed Wheat tissues—Three types of plant tissues [flag leaf, inflorescence and peduncle] from plants grown under Normal conditions were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Micro-array expression information from each tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 213 below.

TABLE 213 Wheat transcriptome expression sets under normal growth conditions Expression Set Set ID Flag leaf at heading stage under normal growth conditions 1 Inflorescence at heading stage under normal growth 2 conditions peduncle at heading stage under normal growth conditions 3 Table 213: Provided are the wheat transcriptome expression sets. Flag leaf = Full expanded upper leaf at heading; inflorescence = spike before flowering at full head emergence; peduncle = upper stem internode between the flag leaf and spike.

Wheat yield components and vigor related parameters assessment

The collected data parameters were as follows:

% Canopy coverage (F)—percent Canopy coverage at flowering stage. The % Canopy coverage is calculated using Formula XXXII (above).

1000 seed weight [gr.]—was calculated based on Formula XIV (above).

Average spike weight (H) [gr.]—The biomass and spikes of each plot was separated. Spikes dry weight at harvest was divided by the number of spikes or by the number of plants.

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours.

Average tiller DW (H) [gr.]—Average Stem Dry Matter at harvest.

Average vegetative DW per plant (H) [gr.]—Vegetative dry weight per plant at harvest.

Fertile spikelets [number]—Number of fertile spikelets per spike. Count the bottom sterile spikelets in a sample from harvested spikes and deduce from number of spikelets per spike (with the unfertile spikes).

Fertile spikelets ratio [value]—Measure by imaging, the number of fertile and sterile spikelets per spike in 20 spikes randomly selected from the plot. Calculate the ratio between fertile spikelets to total number of spikelets×100 (sum of fertile and sterile spikelets).

Field Spike length (H) [cm]—Measure spike length per plant excluding the awns, at harvest.

Grain fill duration [number]—Defined by view. Calculate the number of days from anthesis in 50% of the plot to physiological maturity in 50% of the plot.

Grains per spike [number]—The total number of grains from 20 spikes per plot that were manually threshed was counted. The average grains per spike was calculated by dividing the total grain number by the number of spikes.

Grains per spikelet [number]—Number of grains per spike divided by the number of fertile spikelets per spike. Measure by imaging the number of fertile spikelets in 20 randomly selected spikes and calculate an average per spike.

Grains yield per micro plots [Kg]—Grain weight per micro plots.

Grains yield per spike [gr.]—Total grain weight per spike from 20 spikes per plot. The total grain weight per spike was calculated by dividing the grain weight of 20 spikes by the number of spikes.

Harvest index [ratio]—was calculated based on Formula XVIII (above).

Number days to anthesis [number]—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plots reach anthesis.

Number days to maturity [number]—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plots reach maturity.

Number days to tan [number]—Calculated as the number of days from sowing till 50% of the plot arrive to grain maturation.

PAR LAI (F)—Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) at flowering.

Peduncle length (F) [cm]—Length of upper internode from the last node to the spike base at flowering. Calculate the average peduncle length per 10-15 plants randomly distributed within a pre-defined 0.5 m² of a plot.

Peduncle width (F) [mm]—Upper node width at flowering. Calculate the average upper nodes width, measured just above the flag leaf auricles per 10-15 plants randomly distributed within a pre-defined 0.5 m² of a plot.

Peduncle volume (F) [Float value]=

Peduncle length* (peduncle thickness/2)²*π

Spikelets per spike [number]—Number of spikelets per spike (with the unfertile spikes). Measured by imaging, the number of spikelets per spike in 20 spikes randomly selected from the plot.

Spikes per plant (H) [number]—Number of spikes per plant at harvest. Calculate Number of spikes per unit area/Number of plants per plot.

Spikes weight per plant (FC) [gr.]—Spikes weight per plant at flowering complete. Spikes weight from 10 plants/number of plants.

Stem length (F) [cm]—Main Stem length at flowering. Measures the length of Main Stem from ground to end of elongation (without the spike).

Stem width (F) [mm]—Stem width at flowering. Measures on the stem beneath the peduncle.

Test weight (mechanical harvest) [Kg/hectoliter]—Volume weight of seeds.

Tillering (F) [number]—Count the number of tillers per plant from 6-10 plants randomly distributed in a plot, at flowering stage.

Tillering (H) [number]—Number of tillers at harvest.

Total dry matter (FC) [gr.]—was calculated based on Formula XXI.

Total Plant Biomass (H) [gr.]—Vegetative dry weight+Spikes dry weight.

Vegetative DW per plant (F) [gr.]—Plant weight after drying (excluding the spikes) at flowering stage.

Total N content of grain per plant [gr.]—N content of grain*Grains yield per plant.

NDRE 1 [Float value]—Normalized difference Red-Edge TP-1 (time point). Calculated as (NIR−Red edge)/(NIR+Red edge). (“NIR”—Near InfraRed)

NDRE 2 [Float value]—Normalized difference Red-Edge TP-2. Calculated as (Nir−Red edge)/(Nir+Red edge).

NDVI 1 [Float value]—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index TP-1. Calculated as (Nir−Red edge)/(Nir+Red edge).

NDVI 2[Float value]—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index TP-2. Calculated as (Nir−Red edge)/(Nir+Red edge).

RUE [ratio]—total dry matter produced per intercepted PAR. Spikes weight per plant+Vegetative DW per plant at flowering/% Canopy coverage.

The following parameters were collected using digital imaging system: Grain Area [cm²]—A sample of ˜200 grains were weight, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Length and Grain width [cm]—A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths and width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Grain Perimeter [cm]—A sample of ˜200 grains were weight, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Spike area [cm²]—At the end of the growing period 5 ‘spikes’ were photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The ‘spike’ area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of ‘spikes’.

Spike length [cm]—Measure by imaging spikes length excluding awns, per 30 randomly selected spikes within a pre-defined 0.5 m² of a plot.

Spike max width [cm]—Measure by imaging the max width of 10-15 spikes randomly distributed within a pre-defined 0.5 m² of a plot. Measurements were carried out at the middle of the spike.

Spike width [cm]—Measure by imaging the width of 10-15 spikes randomly distributed within a pre-defined 0.5 m² of a plot. Measurements were carried out at the middle of the spike.

N use efficiency [ratio]—was calculated based on Formula LI (above).

Yield per spike filling rate [gr/day]—was calculated based on Formula LX (above).

Yield per micro plots filling rate [gr/day]—was calculated based on Formula LXI (above).

Grains yield per hectare [ton/ha]—was calculated based on Formula LXII (above).

Total NUtE [ratio]—was calculated based on Formula LIII (above).

The image processing system consisted of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37, Java based image processing software, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and is freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, image processing output data for seed area and seed length was saved to text files and analyzed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Data parameters collected are summarized in Table 214, herein below

TABLE 214 Wheat correlated parameters (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID % Canopy coverage (F) [%] 1 1000 grain weight [gr.] 2 Avr Spikes DW per plant (H) [gr.] 3 Avr Vegetative DW per plant (H) [gr.] 4 Avr spike weight (H) [gr.] 5 Avr tiller DW (H) [gr.] 6 Fertile spikelets [number] 7 Fertile spikelets ratio [value] 8 Field Spike length (H) [cm] 9 Grain Perimeter [cm] 10 Grain area [cm²] 11 Grain fill duration [number] 12 Grain length [cm] 13 Grain width [cm] 14 Grains per spike [number] 15 Grains per spikelet [number] 16 Grains yield per hectare [ton/ha] 17 Grains yield per micro plots [kg] 18 Grains yield per spike [gr.] 19 Harvest index [ratio] 20 N content of grain (harvest) [gr.] 21 N use efficiency [ratio] 22 NDRE_1 [Float value] 23 NDRE_2 [Float value] 24 NDVI_1 [Float value] 25 NDVI_2 [Float value] 26 Num days to anthesis [number] 27 Num days to maturity [number] 28 Num days to tan [number] 29 PAR_LAI (F) [μmol⁻² S⁻¹] 30 Peduncle length (F) [cm] 31 Peduncle width (F) [mm] 32 RUE [ratio] 33 Spike Area [cm²] 34 Spike length [cm] 35 Spike max width [cm] 36 Spike width [cm] 37 Spikelets per spike [number] 38 Spikes dry weight per plant (F) [gr] 39 Spikes per plant (H) [number] 40 Stem length (F) [cm] 41 Stem width (F) [mm] 42 Test weight (mechanical harvest) [kg/hectoliter] 43 Tillering (F) [number] 44 Tillering (H) [number] 45 Total N content of grain per plant [gr.] 46 Total N utilization efficiency [ratio] 47 Total Plant Biomass (H) [gr.] 48 Total dry matter (F) [gr.] 49 Vegetative DW per plant (F) [gr.] 50 Yield per micro plots filling rate [ratio] 51 Yield per spike filling rate [gr./day] 52 Peduncle volume (F) [Float value] 53 Table 214. Provided are the wheat correlated parameters “TP” = time point; “DW” = dry weight; “FW” = fresh weight; “Low N” = Low Nitrogen; ”Relative water content [percent]; “num” = number. “gr.” = grams; “cm” = centimeter; “Avr” = average; “RGR’ = relative growth rate; “BPE” = biomass production efficiency; “NHI” = Nitrogen harvest index; “NupE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “NutE” = nitrogen utilization efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “F” = flowering stage; “H” = harvest stage; “N” = nitrogen; “gr” = gram; “cm” = centimeter; “kg” = kilogram; “FC” = flowering completed; “RUE = radiation use efficiency; “NDVI” = normalized Difference Vegetation Index; “NDRE” = normalized Difference Red-Edge index.

Experimental Results

185 different wheat lines were grown and characterized for different parameters. Tissues for expression analysis were sampled from a subset of 26 lines. The correlated parameters are described in Table 214 above. The average for each of the measured parameter was calculated using the JMP software (Tables 215-217) and a subsequent correlation analysis was performed (Table 218). Results were then integrated to the database.

TABLE 215 Measured parameters in Wheat accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ID 4 8 23 27 31 36 40 60 63 1 92.15 67.65 64.37 73.02 96.17 59.83 87.75 92.76 92.93 2 39.771 38.337 42.139 41.724 48.413 39.471 41.237 41.290 44.576 3 3.476 2.069 4.998 6.599 5.636 3.925 4.471 4.684 5.777 4 5.872 3.010 4.063 4.548 3.516 7.846 6.721 3.866 3.609 5 1.606 1.118 1.802 2.142 2.645 1.296 2.082 2.229 2.766 6 1.986 1.346 1.235 1.355 1.472 2.315 2.281 1.375 1.636 7 16.05 14.92 15.58 15.95 16.64 15.87 17.25 17.98 17.16 8 88.46 88.07 86.26 88.96 86.97 90.10 88.22 89.52 87.05 9 8.904 6.704 8.551 7.925 10.461 8.830 10.122 9.492 9.700 10 1.703 1.678 1.740 1.733 1.837 1.677 1.676 1.756 1.789 11 0.183 0.178 0.186 0.189 0.211 0.173 0.178 0.190 0.202 12 365.63 388.60 304.75 337.75 437.30 432.70 383.67 426.10 304.75 13 0.6602 0.6526 0.6888 0.6713 0.7084 0.6621 0.6502 0.6961 0.7020 14 0.3682 0.3586 0.3601 0.3712 0.3855 0.3482 0.3643 0.3679 0.3825 15 29.10 24.76 32.16 37.42 43.25 24.12 32.46 42.80 46.27 16 1.814 1.649 2.066 2.356 2.610 1.529 1.883 2.383 2.695 17 6.585 4.538 8.242 9.747 11.851 5.633 5.943 7.969 12.367 18 5.663 3.903 7.088 8.383 10.192 4.844 5.111 6.853 10.636 19 1.124 0.887 1.322 1.516 1.951 0.933 1.311 1.689 2.029 20 0.2767 0.3339 0.4755 0.4356 0.4874 0.2530 0.2893 0.4480 0.4769 21 2.490 1.865 1.890 1.990 1.755 2.240 2.120 1.810 1.535 22 38.74 21.35 48.48 57.34 69.71 33.13 34.96 28.13 72.75 23 0.1337 0.1393 0.1280 0.1190 0.1212 0.1440 0.1471 0.1248 0.1290 24 0.2303 0.2285 0.2040 0.2330 0.1845 0.2358 0.2028 0.2115 0.1938 25 0.3278 0.3290 0.2976 0.3033 0.2890 0.3625 0.3562 0.2961 0.3040 26 0.609 0.601 0.540 0.616 0.455 0.645 0.525 0.558 0.507 27 128.0 120.8 128.0 127.8 116.6 137.6 129.3 117.2 128.0 28 176.0 163.0 167.3 168.3 163.0 177.8 175.7 164.6 169.0 29 160.8 153.2 157.8 158.3 153.6 172.0 163.7 153.2 157.0 30 4.578 2.445 2.256 2.494 5.783 1.881 2.866 5.262 3.732 31 38.87 36.37 38.03 39.54 34.51 38.34 49.04 38.29 35.90 32 2.438 3.123 2.677 2.684 3.046 2.204 2.662 3.094 2.728 33 0.0867 0.1030 0.1010 0.1381 0.0678 0.1876 0.1473 0.0791 0.0895 34 8.468 5.672 7.719 9.832 11.667 6.813 7.304 9.525 NA 35 9.503 6.564 8.222 8.203 11.055 8.094 9.407 9.927 NA 36 1.262 1.227 1.319 1.714 1.572 1.183 1.079 1.454 NA 37 1.030 1.006 1.086 1.417 1.259 0.965 0.899 1.159 NA 38 18.14 16.92 18.07 17.90 19.11 17.67 19.56 20.10 19.71 39 1.094 1.021 0.960 3.740 1.270 1.178 1.599 1.285 2.131 40 2.277 1.911 3.256 3.183 2.293 3.187 2.632 2.270 2.200 41 122.17 98.02 92.50 94.13 74.77 126.10 135.63 96.97 85.68 42 3.667 4.483 3.714 4.033 4.886 3.423 3.639 4.214 4.059 43 68.97 84.59 80.96 85.61 84.28 75.23 81.60 85.27 79.70 44 3.268 2.507 3.018 2.622 2.988 3.083 4.029 2.997 2.707 45 3.113 2.587 3.633 3.383 2.467 3.983 3.840 2.980 2.333 46 63.4 42.5 79.3 78.9 73.2 58.5 70.1 76.4 57.7 47 130.7 116.3 106.1 107.2 102.6 131.8 127.6 113.1 123.1 48 9.348 4.938 9.060 11.148 9.153 11.771 10.778 8.550 9.386 49 7.993 6.791 5.907 9.199 6.525 10.775 12.870 7.317 8.329 50 6.899 5.770 4.947 5.459 5.255 9.495 11.271 6.033 6.199 51 0.188 0.141 0.291 0.355 0.321 0.169 0.173 0.225 0.424 52 0.0333 0.0273 0.0450 0.0594 0.0528 0.0281 0.0387 0.0469 0.0681 53 18.92 28.23 21.62 22.47 25.26 14.66 27.86 28.93 21.01 Table 215. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (“L” = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available.“Corr.”—correlation.

TABLE 216 Measured parameters in additional Wheat accessions under normal growth conditions Line/ Corr. Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ID 68 74 75 87 100 107 118 129 134 1 75.68 92.96 61.62 64.40 72.70 84.76 63.27 55.16 83.90 2 43.695 39.709 40.901 38.616 40.864 31.194 40.414 39.068 42.290 3 5.031 5.355 3.845 2.995 5.111 3.821 6.104 3.987 6.352 4 5.649 3.329 5.380 6.082 9.563 8.829 5.997 6.744 4.466 5 2.857 3.171 1.695 1.708 2.424 1.551 2.650 1.935 3.494 6 2.749 1.671 1.830 2.397 3.048 2.271 2.091 2.305 1.940 7 19.01 20.09 16.13 17.64 17.45 18.73 18.41 17.08 17.96 8 90.50 93.37 85.94 94.89 88.16 94.68 91.23 88.62 87.16 9 9.988 9.644 7.432 9.172 9.408 10.700 10.892 9.541 10.586 10 1.704 1.762 1.684 1.691 1.712 1.619 1.651 1.657 1.816 11 0.185 0.189 0.179 0.172 0.173 0.149 0.174 0.165 0.194 12 336.75 377.75 358.92 344.25 366.85 371.83 358.45 432.70 282.88 13 0.6603 0.7007 0.6577 0.6766 0.6847 0.6636 0.6405 0.6580 0.7336 14 0.3765 0.3584 0.3610 0.3383 0.3370 0.2990 0.3697 0.3390 0.3556 15 45.48 62.53 32.83 33.96 33.97 25.57 41.96 26.68 51.20 16 2.397 3.139 2.051 1.925 1.945 1.532 2.286 1.559 2.843 17 9.560 11.600 6.977 5.830 5.707 5.474 8.463 6.100 9.665 18 8.222 9.976 6.000 5.014 4.908 4.708 7.278 5.246 8.312 19 1.970 2.391 1.293 1.278 1.358 0.795 1.628 1.028 2.127 20 0.3769 0.4967 0.3767 0.2567 0.2390 0.1958 0.3424 0.2352 0.4410 21 2.215 1.310 2.040 2.135 2.440 2.210 1.885 2.430 1.840 22 56.24 68.24 32.83 34.30 33.57 31.60 49.78 35.88 56.85 23 0.1353 0.1190 0.1270 0.1307 0.1490 0.1378 0.0935 0.1290 0.1350 24 0.2166 0.2036 0.2165 0.2475 0.2540 0.2825 0.2476 0.2400 0.2597 25 0.3233 0.2670 0.2850 0.3103 0.3930 0.3490 0.2140 0.3045 0.3290 26 0.570 0.533 0.568 0.664 0.674 0.737 0.647 0.602 0.685 27 140.0 128.0 124.0 137.0 139.4 148.5 137.4 137.6 131.0 28 177.0 170.5 166.8 175.8 182.8 182.3 179.4 183.4 173.0 29 168.0 162.5 154.6 167.0 169.4 175.3 167.8 172.0 158.8 30 2.944 4.297 2.149 1.823 3.274 2.910 2.425 1.771 4.201 31 41.05 30.85 38.67 41.78 42.23 39.78 31.46 36.07 32.98 32 2.931 3.054 2.459 2.615 2.740 2.586 2.590 2.597 2.455 33 0.1566 0.0629 0.1843 0.1326 0.1810 0.1536 0.1131 0.1521 0.0821 34 8.406 11.662 7.542 7.321 7.937 8.695 11.244 6.241 12.124 35 9.114 12.104 8.485 9.126 8.853 9.911 9.883 7.662 10.187 36 1.342 1.446 1.292 1.123 1.204 1.193 1.612 1.123 1.707 37 1.092 1.128 1.078 0.910 1.044 0.995 1.329 0.941 1.446 38 21.00 21.49 18.80 18.59 19.91 19.87 20.25 19.58 20.62 39 3.530 1.520 1.175 1.177 2.271 1.975 1.906 1.085 1.480 40 2.053 1.827 2.707 1.693 2.573 3.183 2.572 2.463 2.300 41 104.53 77.26 119.44 133.29 136.31 124.29 106.89 123.76 83.26 42 4.375 4.878 3.689 4.135 4.017 3.696 4.130 3.981 3.220 43 76.16 77.76 84.07 75.85 75.44 78.44 75.38 77.36 77.09 44 2.600 1.933 3.333 2.500 3.031 4.150 2.450 2.433 1.867 45 2.233 2.133 3.160 2.717 3.667 4.250 3.296 3.697 3.367 46 98.5 52.6 63.0 42.7 70.5 61.5 82.4 57.6 65.4 47 98.3 147.7 116.0 164.8 155.0 163.8 399.1 138.2 127.3 48 10.681 8.683 9.225 9.077 14.673 12.650 12.101 10.731 10.818 49 11.396 5.760 8.000 7.719 12.699 12.645 6.994 7.724 5.553 50 7.866 4.240 6.825 6.542 10.428 10.670 5.088 6.639 4.073 51 0.353 0.336 0.219 0.196 0.196 0.208 0.280 0.183 0.379 52 0.0703 0.0712 0.0432 0.0430 0.0477 0.0355 0.0536 0.0312 0.0643 53 27.89 22.60 18.83 22.35 24.96 21.18 16.82 19.28 17.89 Table 216. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (“L” = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Corr.”—correlation.

TABLE 217 Measured parameters in additional Wheat accessions under normal growth conditions Line/ Corr. Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- Line- ID 142 146 159 161 171 173 175 178 179 183 1 70.33 63.51 67.99 75.95 96.46 71.12 96.07 95.73 74.63 80.19 2 46.396 42.314 44.476 38.053 48.044 40.010 47.328 43.489 48.337 47.431 3 3.146 2.415 6.405 3.645 5.909 2.868 7.029 6.195 5.470 5.555 4 6.269 5.358 7.858 6.615 3.719 5.067 4.978 4.934 5.262 4.407 5 1.642 1.409 1.903 2.028 2.711 1.610 2.717 2.618 3.048 2.920 6 2.088 1.928 2.053 2.684 1.597 2.120 1.802 1.842 2.313 2.088 7 16.47 17.19 16.36 18.22 17.62 19.14 18.24 17.72 19.36 19.12 8 91.88 91.74 90.74 81.02 87.83 92.35 88.92 90.62 92.28 87.19 9 8.424 9.980 8.948 9.723 9.692 10.215 9.076 9.020 10.747 10.952 10 1.759 1.720 1.831 1.695 1.807 1.725 1.795 1.708 1.892 1.808 11 0.188 0.176 0.197 0.174 0.207 0.176 0.201 0.187 0.212 0.203 12 343.44 372.65 302.20 405.05 448.50 300.35 363.42 343.75 197.70 356.45 13 0.6980 0.6916 0.7357 0.6742 0.7052 0.6941 0.7000 0.6593 0.7570 0.7098 14 0.3641 0.3440 0.3544 0.3408 0.3885 0.3362 0.3769 0.3751 0.3700 0.3786 15 27.08 25.35 31.68 30.54 44.63 25.54 44.88 47.67 49.18 45.87 16 1.661 1.475 1.936 1.671 2.552 1.288 2.460 2.687 2.543 2.397 17 6.142 5.479 5.979 6.777 11.488 5.758 12.033 11.226 10.802 11.160 18 5.282 4.712 5.142 5.828 9.880 4.952 10.348 9.654 9.290 9.598 19 1.223 1.057 1.381 1.160 2.033 0.933 2.045 1.985 2.328 2.129 20 0.2601 0.2741 0.3992 0.2621 0.5019 0.2647 0.4684 0.4472 0.4419 0.4382 21 1.805 2.115 1.925 2.215 1.635 2.305 1.510 1.715 2.010 1.725 22 36.13 32.23 35.17 39.87 67.58 33.87 70.78 66.03 63.54 65.65 23 0.1370 0.1468 0.1250 0.1357 0.1246 0.1388 0.1260 0.1203 0.1268 0.1278 24 0.2593 0.2080 0.2068 0.2422 0.1990 0.2590 0.2328 0.2133 0.2056 0.2010 25 0.3190 0.3710 0.3007 0.3333 0.2940 0.3490 0.3037 0.2845 0.3033 0.3068 26 0.691 0.623 0.544 0.641 0.507 0.665 0.620 0.553 0.516 0.520 27 141.8 137.0 127.8 140.0 116.0 140.6 127.8 128.0 140.0 131.0 28 179.8 178.6 170.2 177.0 163.0 178.6 168.3 170.0 171.7 174.6 29 169.3 168.6 154.2 171.6 154.0 166.6 161.3 160.2 159.7 163.4 30 2.868 2.049 2.733 2.805 5.937 3.020 3.390 5.554 2.884 2.583 31 37.36 42.74 39.01 45.06 39.34 40.03 40.06 NA 42.71 38.47 32 2.573 2.660 2.511 2.943 2.888 2.213 2.754 NA 3.265 3.067 33 0.1448 0.1287 0.1513 0.1309 0.0486 0.2053 0.1241 NA 0.1666 0.0777 34 6.766 7.258 8.234 6.678 10.681 8.093 12.476 11.403 11.778 12.753 35 7.829 9.208 9.678 8.045 9.827 10.472 9.948 8.604 10.918 11.104 36 1.199 1.116 1.208 1.166 1.638 1.056 1.794 1.869 1.595 1.714 37 1.001 0.908 1.024 0.965 1.310 0.879 1.476 1.579 1.280 1.365 38 18.01 18.74 18.04 22.43 20.04 20.66 20.53 19.55 21.01 21.96 39 2.661 1.506 1.733 1.309 1.393 2.584 2.477 NA 4.889 2.085 40 1.960 2.007 4.116 2.273 2.373 2.319 2.733 2.490 2.167 2.040 41 128.30 129.54 113.05 139.09 90.72 125.02 104.32 NA 110.38 99.82 42 3.895 4.048 3.815 4.269 4.503 3.397 4.140 NA 4.561 4.313 43 76.60 78.30 79.30 81.19 86.38 80.25 86.04 86.76 85.32 86.96 44 2.760 2.833 4.225 2.533 2.650 4.595 3.295 NA 2.322 2.117 45 3.133 3.332 4.673 2.678 2.520 3.344 2.867 2.723 2.507 2.413 46 40.3 37.0 120.9 46.0 84.4 77.5 68.6 84.2 101.5 74.2 47 145.8 147.9 113.7 179.3 116.7 123.5 131.4 118.0 96.1 116.9 48 9.415 7.773 14.263 10.260 9.628 7.935 12.007 11.129 10.277 9.961 49 10.805 7.806 9.949 9.531 6.707 14.149 11.903 NA 11.791 5.647 50 8.144 6.300 8.216 8.222 5.450 11.565 9.426 NA 6.902 3.562 51 0.231 0.173 0.226 0.222 0.302 0.226 0.355 0.349 0.573 0.348 52 0.0438 0.0334 0.0530 0.0387 0.0535 0.0360 0.0591 0.0616 0.1226 0.0664 53 19.45 23.79 19.30 30.97 26.02 15.83 23.90 NA 35.87 28.40 Table 217. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (“L” = Line). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Corr.”—correlation.

TABLE 218 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal across wheat accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY214 0.78 1.24E−04 3 47 LBY215 0.77 2.07E−04 3 47 LBY222 0.71 1.14E−04 2  2 LBY222 0.77 1.14E−05 2 18 LBY222 0.75 2.42E−05 2 22 LBY222 0.77 1.14E−05 2 17 LBY222 0.70 1.78E−04 2 34 LBY222 0.72 7.19E−05 2 11 LBY225 0.74 4.90E−04 3 20 LBY228 0.72 7.17E−04 3  2 LBY228 0.83 2.45E−05 3 52 LBY228 0.74 4.20E−04 3 19 LBY228 0.76 2.38E−04 3 11 LBY228 0.71 1.04E−03 3 10 LBY228 0.74 4.64E−04 3 51 LBY231 0.71 8.99E−04 3 26 LBY231 0.73 6.60E−04 3 24 Table 218. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 214. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 213. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 24 Production of Wheat Transcriptome and High Throughput Correlation Analysis Using 60K Wheat Oligonucleotide Micro-Array

In order to produce a high throughput correlation analysis comparing between plant phenotype and gene expression level, the present inventors utilized a Wheat oligonucleotide micro-array, produced by Agilent Technologies [chem. (dot) agilent (dot) com/Scripts/PDS (dot) asp?1Page=50879]. The array oligonucleotide represents about 60K Wheat genes and transcripts. In order to define correlations between the levels of RNA expression and yield or vigor related parameters, various plant characteristics of 14 different Wheat accessions were analyzed. Among them, 10 accessions encompassing the observed variance were selected for RNA expression analysis. The correlation between the RNA levels and the characterized parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test [davidmlane (dot) com/hyperstat/A34739 (dot) html].

Experimental Procedures

14 Wheat accessions in 5 repetitive blocks, each containing 8 plants per pot were grown at net house. Three different treatments were applied: plants were regularly fertilized and watered during plant growth until harvesting under normal conditions [as recommended for commercial growth, plants were irrigated 2-3 times a week, and fertilization was given in the first 1.5 months of the growth period], under low Nitrogen (70% percent less Nitrogen) or under drought stress (cycles of drought and re-irrigating were conducted throughout the whole experiment, overall 40% less water were given in the drought treatment).

Analyzed Wheat tissues—Five tissues at different developmental stages [leaf, stem, root tip and adventitious root, flower], representing different plant characteristics, were sampled and RNA was extracted as described above. Each micro-array expression information tissue type has received a Set ID as summarized in Table 219 below.

TABLE 219 Wheat transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions Expression Set Set ID Adv root, grown under Normal conditions, first tillering stage 1 Basal lemma, grown under Normal conditions, grain filling stage 2 Basal spike, grown under Normal conditions, flowering stage 3 Basal spike, grown under Normal conditions, grain filling stage 4 Leaf, grown under Normal conditions, flowering stage 5 Leaf, grown under Normal conditions, grain filling stage 6 Root tip, grown under Normal conditions, first tillering stage 7 Stem grown under Normal conditions, flowering stage 8 Stem, grown under Normal conditions, grain filling stage 9 Table 219. Provided are the wheat transcriptome expression sets under normal conditions.

TABLE 220 Wheat transcriptome expression sets under low N conditions Expression Set Set ID Adv root, grown under Low N conditions, first 1 tillering stage Basal spike, grown under Low N conditions, 2 flowering stage Basal spike, grown under Low N conditions, grain 3 filling stage Leaf, grown under Low N conditions, flowering stage 4 Leaf, grown under Low N conditions, grain filling 5 stage Root tip, grown under Low N conditions, first 6 tillering stage Stem, grown under Low N conditions, flowering stage 7 Stem grown under Low N conditions, grain filling 8 stage Table 220. Provided are the wheat transcriptome expression sets under low N conditions.

TABLE 221 Wheat transcriptome expression sets low N vs. normal conditions Expression Set Set ID Adv root; grown under Low N vs. normal 1 conditions, first tillering stage Basal spike; grown under Low N vs. normal 2 conditions, flowering stage Basal spike; grown under Low N vs. normal 3 conditions, grain filling stage Leaf; grown under Low N vs. normal 4 conditions, flowering stage Leaf; grown under Low N vs. normal 5 conditions, grain filling stage Root tip; grown under Low N vs. normal 6 conditions, first tillering stage Stem; grown under Low N vs. normal 7 conditions, flowering stage Stem; grown under Low N vs. normal 8 conditions, grain filling stage Table 221. Provided are the wheat transcriptome expression sets at low N versus (vs.) normal conditions.

Wheat yield components and vigor related parameters assessment—Plants were phenotyped on a daily basis following the parameters listed in Tables 222-223 below. Harvest was conducted while all the spikes were dry. All material was oven dried and the seeds were threshed manually from the spikes prior to measurement of the seed characteristics (weight and size) using scanning and image analysis. The image analysis system included a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.37 (Java based image processing program, which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet [rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Grain yield (gr.)—At the end of the experiment all spikes of the pots were collected. The total grains from all spikes that were manually threshed were weighted. The grain yield was calculated by per plot or per plant.

Spike length and width analysis—At the end of the experiment the length and width of five chosen spikes per plant were measured using measuring tape excluding the awns.

Spike number analysis—The spikes per plant were counted.

Plant height—Each of the plants was measured for its height using measuring tape. Height was measured from ground level to top of the longest spike excluding awns at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Spike weight—The biomass and spikes weight of each plot was separated, measured and divided by the number of plants.

Dry weight—total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 70° C. in oven for 48 hours at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Spikelet per spike—number of spikelets per spike was counted.

Root/Shoot Ratio—The Root/Shoot Ratio is calculated using Formula XXII described above.

Total No. of tillers—all tillers were counted per plot at two time points at the Vegetative growth (30 days after sowing) and at harvest.

Node number—number of nodes in the main stem.

Percent of reproductive tillers—was calculated based on Formula XXVI (above).

SPAD—Chlorophyll content was determined using a Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter and measurement was performed at time of flowering. SPAD meter readings were done on young fully developed leaf. Three measurements per leaf were taken per plot.

Root FW (gr.), root length (cm) and No. of lateral roots—3 plants per plot were selected for measurement of root weight, root length and for counting the number of lateral roots formed.

Shoot FW (fresh weight)—weight of 3 plants per plot were recorded at different time-points.

Average Grain Area (cm²)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The grain area was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Average Grain Length and width (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain lengths or width (longest axis) was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Average Grain perimeter (cm)—At the end of the growing period the grains were separated from the spike. A sample of ˜200 grains was weighted, photographed and images were processed using the below described image processing system. The sum of grain perimeter was measured from those images and was divided by the number of grains.

Heading date—the day in which booting stage was observed was recorded and number of days from sowing to heading was calculated.

Relative water content—Relative water content (RWC) is calculated according to Formula I.

Tiller abortion rate (hd to F)—difference between tiller number at heading and tiller number at flowering divided by tiller number at heading.

Tiller abortion rate—difference between tiller number at harvest and tiller number at flowering divided by tiller number at flowering.

Grain N (H)—% N content of dry matter in the grain at harvest.

Head N (GF)—% N content of dry matter in the head at grain filling.

Total shoot N—calculated as the % N content multiplied by the weight of plant shoot.

Total grain N—calculated as the % N content multiplied by the weight of plant grain yield.

NUE [kg/kg] (N use efficiency)—was calculated based on Formula LI.

NUpE [kg/kg] (N uptake efficiency)—was calculated based on Formula LII.

Grain NUtE (N utilization efficiency)—was calculated based on Formula LV.

Total NUtE—was calculated based on Formula LIII.

Stem Volume—was calculated based on Formula L.

Stem density—was calculated based on Formula LIV.

NHI (N harvest index)—was calculated based on Formula LVI.

BPE (Biomass production efficiency)—was calculated based on Formula LVII.

Grain fill duration—the difference between number of days to maturity and number of days to flowering.

Harvest Index (for Wheat)—The harvest index was calculated using Formula XVIII described above.

Growth rate: the growth rate (GR) of Plant Height (Formula III described above), SPAD (Formula IV described above) and number of tillers (Formula V described above) were calculated with the indicated Formulas.

Specific N absorption—N absorbed per root biomass.

Specific root length—root biomass per root length.

Ratio low N/Normal: Represents ratio for the specified parameter of LowN condition results divided by Normal conditions results (maintenance of phenotype under LowN in comparison to normal conditions).

Data parameters collected are summarized in Tables 222-223, herein below.

TABLE 222 Wheat correlated parameters under normal and low N conditions (vectors) Correlation set Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.] 1 Avr spike DW (SS) [gr.] 2 Avr spike DW (flowering) [gr.] 3 Avr spike weight (harvest) [gr.] 4 BPE [ratio] 5 Fertile spikelets ratio [ratio] 6 Grain area [mm²] 7 Grain fill duration [days] 8 Grains per plant [number] 9 Grains per spike [number] 10 Grains per spikelet [number] 11 Grains weight per plant [gr.] 12 Grains weight per spike [gr.] 13 Harvest index 14 Leaf Area [cm²] 15 Leaf Average Width [cm] 16 Leaf Length [cm] 17 Leaf Perimeter [cm] 18 Leaves num at tillering [number] 19 Leaves num flowering [number] 20 N use efficiency [ratio] 21 NHI [ratio] 22 Node Num [number] 23 Num days Heading [days] 24 Num days to anthesis [days] 25 NupE [ratio] 26 Peduncle length [cm] 27 Peduncle thickness [mm] 28 Plant height [cm] 29 RWC [%] 30 Root length [cm] 31 Roots DW [gr.] 32 SPAD early-mid grain filling [SPAD units] 33 SPAD flowering [SPAD units] 34 SPAD mid-late grain filling [SPAD] 35 Seminal roots [number] 36 Shoot C/N [ratio] 37 Shoot DW [gr.] 38 Shoot/Root [ratio] 39 Spike Area [cm²] 40 Spike Perimeter [cm] 41 Spike length [cm] 42 Spike width [cm] 43 Spikelets per spike [number] 44 Tiller abortion rate [ratio] 45 Tillering (Flowering) [number] 46 Tillering (Heading) [number] 47 Tillering (Tillering) [number] 48 Total dry matter [gr] 49 Total Leaf Area [cm²] 50 Vegetative DW (Harvest) [gr.] 51 field awns length [cm] 52 Grain C/N [ratio] 53 grain NUtE [ratio] 54 grain protein [%] 55 peduncle volume [cm³] 56 specific N absorption [mg/gr.] 57 specific root length [gr./cm] 58 tiller abortion rate (hd to F) 59 total NUtE [ratio] 60 total grain N [mg] 61 total shoot N [mg] 62 Table 222. Provided are the wheat correlated parameters. “TP” = time point; “DW” = dry weight; “FW” = fresh weight; “Low N” = Low Nitrogen; ”Relative water content [percent]; “num” = number. “gr.” = grams; “cm” = centimeter; “Avr” = average; “RGR’ = relative growth rate; “BPE” = biomass production efficiency; “NHI” = Nitrogen harvest index; “NupE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “NutE” = nitrogen utilization efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “F” = flowering stage; “h” = heading stage; “N” = nitrogen.

TABLE 223 Wheat correlated parameters under low N conditions vs. normal (vectors) Correlated parameter with Correlation ID 1000 grain weight [gr.] 1 BPE [ratio] 2 Fertile spikelets ratio [ratio] 3 Grain area [mm²] 4 Grain fill duration [days] 5 Grains per spike [number] 6 Grains per spikelet [number] 7 Grains weight per spike [gr.] 8 N use efficiency [ratio] 9 NHI [ratio] 10 NupE [ratio] 11 Peduncle thickness [mm] 12 Root length [cm] 13 SPAD early-mid grain filling [SPAD unit] 14 SPAD flowering [SPAD unit] 15 Seminal roots [number] 16 Shoot C/N [ratio] 17 Spikelets per spike [number] 18 Tiller abortion rate [ratio] 19 Grain C/N ratio 20 Grain NUtE [ratio] 21 Grain protein [%] 22 Peduncle volume [cm³] 23 Specific N absorption [mg/gr] 24 Specific root length [gr./cm] 25 Tiller abortion rate (hd to F) [ratio] 26 Total NUtE [ratio] 27 Total grain N [mg] 28 Total shoot N [mg] 29 Table 223. Provided are the wheat correlated parameters. “TP” = time point; “DW” = dry weight; “FW” = fresh weight; “Low N” = Low Nitrogen; “Relative water content [percent]; “num” = number. “gr.” = grams; “cm” = centimeter; “Avr” = average; “RGR’ = relative growth rate; “BPE” = biomass production efficiency; “NHI” = Nitrogen harvest index; “NupE” = nitrogen uptake efficiency; “NutE” = nitrogen utilization efficiency; “SPAD” = chlorophyll levels; “F” = flowering stage; “h” = heading stage; “N” = nitrogen.

Experimental Results

Fourteen different Wheat accessions were grown and characterized for different parameters as described above. Tables 222-223 describe the wheat correlated parameters. The average for each of the measured parameters was calculated using the JMP software and values are summarized in Tables 224-229 below. Subsequent correlation analysis between the various transcriptome sets and the average parameters was conducted (Tables 230-232). Follow, results were integrated to the database.

TABLE 224 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in wheat accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 24.81 19.31 11.63 29.68 9.24 21.05 22.14 2 1.515 0.838 1.489 2.643 1.230 1.445 0.665 3 5.669 0.275 0.312 4.283 0.364 0.236 NA 4 1.356 0.893 1.414 2.510 1.014 1.565 0.506 5 0.581 0.364 0.338 0.466 0.370 0.611 NA 6 74.09 73.31 81.68 88.72 NA 75.72 NA 7 0.199 0.165 0.153 0.184 0.170 0.191 0.137 8 27.89 31.43 NA 30.02 NA 27.75 NA 9 94.23 68.65 122.44 123.90 151.23 105.13 16.30 10 19.69 13.29 22.77 37.16 21.52 19.41 5.98 11 2.166 1.264 2.186 2.932 NA 1.641 NA 12 4.536 2.749 3.756 5.934 4.316 4.862 0.476 13 0.950 0.531 0.696 1.739 0.590 0.897 0.133 14 0.483 0.317 0.276 0.490 0.257 0.345 0.046 15 13.80 19.54 NA 22.46 NA 21.61 NA 16 0.858 0.916 NA 1.262 NA 1.054 NA 17 19.65 26.79 NA 22.03 NA 25.53 NA 18 41.46 53.77 NA 48.92 NA 53.08 NA 19 6.60 5.60 6.20 6.60 5.80 5.60 6.40 20 18.00 13.00 22.50 11.50 20.75 18.50 NA 21 0.045 0.027 0.038 0.059 0.043 0.049 0.005 22 0.481 0.306 0.242 0.433 0.260 0.448 NA 23 4.00 4.43 4.50 4.94 4.27 4.56 NA 24 60.22 69.88 85.25 61.78 83.00 65.78 105.00 25 69.11 73.00 85.25 69.56 86.38 71.25 105.00 26 2.50 2.49 4.26 3.59 4.70 3.33 NA 27 27.28 30.39 21.21 30.71 26.15 34.07 NA 28 2.61 2.72 3.53 3.31 3.22 3.07 NA 29 45.59 63.41 69.33 62.91 68.03 79.43 NA 30 76.29 NA 82.03 76.11 NA 67.30 NA 31 31.10 16.20 28.10 34.06 37.84 26.88 31.98 32 0.89 0.07 0.20 1.01 0.36 0.50 0.63 33 37.33 28.34 NA 38.71 NA 46.47 NA 34 38.75 31.09 43.30 40.29 45.54 44.93 NA 35 35.97 NA NA 37.21 NA NA NA 36 11.20 6.00 8.00 11.00 7.80 7.80 10.20 37 72.05 68.35 74.91 61.34 86.58 121.52 NA 38 0.641 0.250 0.457 0.557 0.429 0.369 0.580 39 0.724 3.466 2.301 0.552 1.180 0.740 0.920 40 9.52 6.27 8.42 11.73 7.03 6.51 8.96 41 22.34 15.81 22.47 20.86 26.69 20.43 30.39 42 8.48 6.51 9.54 8.14 10.29 8.51 13.41 43 1.39 1.18 1.12 1.68 0.83 1.02 0.89 44 16.24 17.22 19.40 16.93 NA 17.42 NA 45 19.58 −10.00 32.58 −2.31 46.10 41.28 NA 46 6.00 4.75 7.75 3.25 13.13 9.75 NA 47 4.00 5.89 7.00 4.24 11.25 6.86 2.80 48 2.60 1.80 3.40 2.00 3.40 2.40 2.80 49 75.26 62.94 109.09 94.88 128.46 112.16 72.40 50 227.54 111.47 NA 176.24 NA 549.02 NA 51 23.35 28.68 57.53 30.57 70.98 52.25 61.70 52 6.46 8.45 6.33 6.56 NA 1.20 NA 53 15.38 14.73 14.86 15.39 14.46 13.33 NA 54 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 NA 55 15.12 15.79 15.61 14.94 16.13 17.49 NA 56 1.46 1.76 2.08 2.64 2.13 2.51 NA 57 146.26 2391.37 1626.16 201.95 956.25 367.62 NA 58 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 59 −50.00 19.42 −10.71 23.31 −16.67 −42.19 NA 60 0.301 0.253 0.256 0.264 0.274 0.337 NA 61 120.32 76.17 102.85 155.55 122.14 149.13 0.00 62 129.59 172.80 322.79 203.44 347.42 183.50 0.00 Table 224. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Corr.”—correlation.

TABLE 225 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional wheat accessions under normal conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 15.08 13.61 20.71 33.52 16.66 12.74 13.43 2 1.593 1.670 1.962 2.894 1.642 0.618 0.419 3 0.266 0.279 0.473 9.111 5.109 NA NA 4 1.416 1.480 2.056 2.458 1.158 0.440 0.359 5 0.581 0.271 0.556 0.831 0.759 NA NA 6 83.70 87.05 78.99 86.83 75.82 NA NA 7 0.204 0.174 0.183 0.195 0.172 0.115 0.112 8 32.84 NA 29.20 27.10 26.48 NA NA 9 106.83 103.09 141.63 139.23 85.38 13.10 18.57 10 20.00 23.41 30.03 34.00 18.49 5.07 6.60 11 1.828 1.934 2.303 2.803 2.283 NA NA 12 5.294 4.111 6.007 6.907 3.589 0.396 2.531 13 0.962 0.926 1.260 1.686 0.777 0.091 0.772 14 0.406 0.326 0.423 0.480 0.451 0.033 0.175 15 25.44 23.31 20.79 16.25 13.46 NA NA 16 1.169 1.116 1.187 1.012 0.828 NA NA 17 27.80 25.91 21.67 19.98 19.81 NA NA 18 58.95 54.29 46.10 42.25 40.93 NA NA 19 5.40 5.40 5.20 6.00 6.20 5.00 5.00 20 11.00 23.75 19.00 12.50 18.75 NA NA 21 0.053 0.041 0.060 0.069 0.036 NA NA 22 0.472 0.229 0.403 0.542 0.536 NA NA 23 4.21 4.57 4.94 4.69 3.94 NA NA 24 68.75 74.29 68.75 58.89 57.11 106.25 77.00 25 71.88 78.00 72.38 67.33 68.67 105.00 NA 26 3.28 4.78 3.51 3.04 1.81 NA NA 27 29.78 25.44 27.41 28.13 21.53 NA NA 28 3.06 3.25 3.51 3.02 1.92 NA NA 29 61.86 62.33 59.18 55.23 44.72 NA NA 30 73.33 NA 70.94 80.72 74.88 NA NA 31 23.42 36.02 38.88 37.20 33.00 22.38 34.60 32 0.11 0.16 0.52 1.04 0.54 0.27 0.25 33 38.62 35.80 45.58 46.95 35.32 NA NA 34 38.98 36.10 46.43 42.89 34.15 NA NA 35 NA NA NA 46.27 35.81 NA NA 36 6.00 6.20 8.20 10.80 7.60 6.60 7.80 37 95.65 54.23 88.39 110.33 103.07 NA NA 38 0.339 0.447 0.461 0.520 0.427 0.331 0.386 39 3.116 2.755 0.891 0.498 0.785 1.238 1.532 40 9.88 9.43 10.33 12.38 9.53 7.33 8.14 41 20.81 20.89 21.34 22.76 18.72 22.74 27.02 42 8.11 8.25 8.57 9.13 7.46 9.69 11.24 43 1.50 1.43 1.55 1.64 1.52 1.03 0.92 44 16.22 17.25 18.84 19.56 16.93 NA NA 45 −25.88 34.26 27.41 1.18 25.60 NA NA 46 4.25 6.75 6.75 4.25 6.25 NA NA 47 5.32 5.81 4.57 3.19 3.43 1.80 2.80 48 2.20 1.60 1.80 1.60 2.00 1.80 2.80 49 100.76 100.02 116.56 115.89 63.75 71.40 109.78 50 431.85 231.67 188.34 186.23 269.35 NA NA 51 39.99 47.89 44.82 37.47 20.86 63.48 102.17 52 8.57 7.47 7.41 6.17 5.30 NA NA 53 13.99 15.33 17.26 17.11 15.05 NA NA 54 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 NA NA 55 16.67 15.14 13.42 13.60 15.44 NA NA 56 2.19 2.11 2.65 2.02 0.62 NA NA 57 1596.15 2272.98 404.96 133.54 154.31 NA NA 58 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 NA NA 59 20.05 −16.08 −47.66 −33.21 −82.29 NA NA 60 0.307 0.209 0.332 0.381 0.352 NA NA 61 154.79 109.19 141.44 164.82 97.18 NA NA 62 173.47 368.56 209.50 139.48 83.97 NA NA Table 225. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Corr.”—correlation.

TABLE 226 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in wheat accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 14.16 25.17 14.38 31.87 16.45 17.73 18.58 2 3.13 2.01 3.00 5.55 1.32 3.31 0.83 3 0.286 0.329 0.304 0.502 0.228 0.319 NA 4 1.364 0.993 1.758 2.656 1.116 1.452 0.790 5 0.918 0.930 0.740 1.005 0.675 0.887 NA 6 71.78 67.63 90.51 86.83 85.63 86.29 90.18 7 0.177 0.164 0.137 0.175 0.154 0.181 0.121 8 27.54 31.57 27.11 33.14 22.43 33.75 NA 9 78.65 67.44 95.73 71.48 81.53 70.10 23.67 10 25.30 20.12 39.44 43.83 21.07 24.53 8.38 11 2.69 1.73 2.94 3.57 1.93 2.45 0.69 12 3.43 2.50 2.98 3.29 2.54 2.93 1.26 13 1.062 0.746 1.220 2.021 0.641 0.970 0.402 14 0.506 0.410 0.380 0.503 0.268 0.376 0.092 15 15.28 20.23 NA 11.13 NA 15.37 NA 16 0.939 1.010 NA 0.802 NA 0.903 NA 17 20.01 24.79 NA 16.84 NA 21.17 NA 18 43.99 53.54 NA 35.89 NA 43.81 NA 19 6.40 6.40 6.80 6.00 6.00 6.20 5.00 20 NA NA NA NA 6.25 NA NA 21 0.137 0.100 0.119 0.132 0.102 0.117 0.051 22 0.544 0.490 0.416 0.657 0.282 0.558 NA 23 4.125 4.077 4.438 4.750 3.938 3.813 NA 24 57.56 67.11 76.22 61.33 80.63 65.11 109.00 25 68.89 73.00 77.89 68.00 82.57 71.25 105.00 26 5.03 3.92 6.22 6.07 7.61 5.99 0.00 27 25.91 39.58 44.70 32.31 20.79 43.84 NA 28 2.45 2.85 3.54 3.59 2.88 3.42 NA 29 47.48 81.12 85.36 61.31 62.29 94.38 NA 30 78.08 75.04 84.41 84.12 NA 82.70 NA 31 34.60 33.36 33.10 32.00 38.60 41.90 36.90 32 0.777 0.629 0.284 1.100 0.477 0.682 0.608 33 41.11 26.03 NA 38.94 NA 38.05 NA 34 40.38 32.17 38.19 42.45 37.49 42.30 NA 35 33.10 NA NA 32.57 NA NA NA 36 11.20 8.00 10.00 9.60 7.00 8.80 8.20 37 137.82 165.87 187.00 144.70 183.80 182.45 NA 38 0.448 0.482 0.637 0.511 0.387 0.552 0.478 39 0.577 0.766 2.242 0.465 0.812 0.810 0.786 40 8.05 5.90 7.31 11.08 8.29 7.38 9.73 41 18.48 15.54 19.57 19.84 23.88 20.11 32.44 42 7.32 6.31 8.17 7.87 10.05 8.70 14.36 43 1.285 1.103 1.128 1.514 1.034 1.067 0.916 44 16.20 16.29 17.49 16.44 17.97 16.49 20.62 45 17.33 36.36 46.11 33.00 51.94 53.20 NA 46 3.75 5.50 4.50 2.50 7.75 6.25 NA 47 4.14 4.22 4.29 3.00 6.05 5.29 2.40 48 1.80 2.60 4.20 1.60 3.20 2.80 2.40 49 52.66 46.55 67.18 52.36 92.33 58.79 89.95 50 201.42 190.89 NA 182.97 NA 148.36 NA 51 19.12 19.55 40.05 17.70 59.04 28.30 74.95 52 5.77 7.70 6.64 6.17 NA NA NA 53 26.65 22.91 23.37 24.05 32.57 23.51 NA 54 0.060 0.050 0.033 0.063 0.019 0.044 NA 55 8.60 9.96 9.81 9.58 7.09 9.80 NA 56 1.22 2.52 4.39 3.26 1.36 4.02 0.00 57 161.96 155.87 547.22 138.06 399.44 219.78 NA 58 0.022 0.019 0.009 0.034 0.012 0.016 NA 59 9.48 −30.26 −5.00 16.67 −28.15 −18.24 NA 60 0.419 0.475 0.432 0.345 0.485 0.392 NA 61 68.42 48.01 64.65 99.72 53.69 83.57 NA 62 57.37 50.04 90.78 52.09 136.69 66.27 NA Table 226. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Cor.”—correlation.

TABLE 227 Measured parameters of correlation IDs in additional wheat accessions under low N conditions Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 15.41 9.52 24.18 25.37 13.45 21.45 15.71 2 2.96 3.21 5.22 5.01 2.98 1.14 0.84 3 0.371 0.339 0.697 0.575 0.266 NA NA 4 1.457 1.516 2.603 2.500 1.262 1.085 0.711 5 0.809 0.806 0.541 0.888 0.761 NA NA 6 78.66 79.08 80.66 80.58 75.68 83.34 81.51 7 0.191 0.161 0.166 0.169 0.159 0.134 0.121 8 31.43 31.93 31.14 30.37 27.98 NA NA 9 57.70 74.75 83.60 81.60 73.13 67.66 24.52 10 19.91 24.84 46.51 40.93 22.11 22.96 7.78 11 1.85 2.29 3.58 3.62 2.26 2.02 0.63 12 2.77 2.63 3.27 3.41 2.75 1.50 0.92 13 0.932 0.879 1.819 1.672 0.832 0.506 0.198 14 0.386 0.326 0.420 0.464 0.451 0.165 0.142 15 13.37 18.07 14.65 16.78 12.92 NA NA 16 0.806 0.976 0.945 0.934 0.922 NA NA 17 19.79 22.14 19.60 22.26 18.02 NA NA 18 41.85 46.51 45.20 46.58 38.43 NA NA 19 5.60 5.40 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.80 5.40 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 21 0.111 0.105 0.131 0.137 0.110 NA NA 22 0.563 0.466 0.453 0.660 0.507 NA NA 23 3.313 4.250 3.533 4.563 4.563 NA NA 24 65.56 70.00 66.44 58.44 53.11 103.56 109.00 25 71.00 72.57 73.00 67.78 68.44 101.13 105.00 26 6.24 6.00 8.40 7.49 5.44 NA NA 27 42.72 37.81 32.50 27.66 24.56 NA NA 28 3.16 3.23 3.69 3.51 2.44 NA NA 29 74.44 80.19 64.56 61.81 54.06 NA NA 30 72.54 53.64 84.04 79.53 86.25 NA NA 31 32.16 32.90 37.30 36.44 27.40 32.20 33.00 32 0.653 0.745 1.508 1.051 0.720 0.403 0.596 33 32.06 31.48 41.45 45.34 35.17 NA NA 34 38.79 36.31 NA 45.14 34.60 NA NA 35 NA NA NA 37.87 29.01 NA NA 36 9.20 8.80 11.40 10.40 10.80 7.00 7.40 37 134.09 149.77 92.57 132.22 122.57 NA NA 38 0.661 0.595 0.610 0.603 0.628 0.425 0.429 39 1.013 0.798 0.405 0.574 0.873 1.055 0.720 40 8.21 7.77 10.74 10.17 7.26 7.27 9.72 41 18.68 18.65 20.31 18.97 16.29 21.77 30.30 42 7.00 6.99 8.08 7.44 6.43 9.01 13.43 43 1.403 1.395 1.505 1.571 1.327 1.121 1.047 44 15.16 17.20 18.53 18.00 17.13 18.38 18.97 45 35.00 52.00 44.62 31.67 16.88 NA NA 46 4.50 6.25 3.25 3.00 4.00 NA NA 47 4.76 3.90 3.65 3.19 4.10 3.20 2.40 48 3.20 2.40 2.80 2.00 2.00 3.20 2.40 49 55.21 64.50 62.16 56.55 51.08 84.82 91.80 50 100.45 237.33 109.86 273.83 230.90 NA NA 51 22.35 28.23 24.71 19.81 19.47 63.20 75.93 52 9.31 7.49 5.63 5.46 4.75 NA NA 53 24.35 23.75 25.39 22.62 20.96 NA NA 54 0.041 0.033 0.028 0.054 0.041 NA NA 55 9.46 9.69 9.02 10.20 10.94 NA NA 56 3.34 3.09 3.46 2.68 1.14 NA NA 57 238.94 201.24 139.26 178.14 188.90 NA NA 58 0.020 0.023 0.040 0.029 0.026 NA NA 59 5.50 −60.06 10.96 5.97 2.33 NA NA 60 0.354 0.430 0.296 0.302 0.376 NA NA 61 87.82 69.89 95.05 123.62 68.89 NA NA 62 68.21 80.06 114.89 63.65 67.08 NA NA Table 227. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Cor.”—correlation.

TABLE 228 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in wheat accessions under low N vs. normal conditions (ratio) Line/ Corr. ID Line-1 Line-2 Line-3 Line-4 Line-5 Line-6 Line-7 1 0.57 1.30 1.24 1.07 1.78 0.84 0.84 2 1.580 2.555 2.190 2.155 1.827 1.451 NA 3 0.969 0.922 1.108 0.979 NA 1.140 NA 4 0.889 0.990 0.897 0.948 0.905 0.950 0.880 5 0.987 1.005 NA 1.104 NA 1.216 NA 6 1.28 1.51 1.73 1.18 0.98 1.26 1.40 7 1.24 1.37 1.34 1.22 NA 1.49 NA 8 1.12 1.41 1.75 1.16 1.09 1.08 3.03 9 3.026 3.634 3.170 2.217 2.354 2.408 10.621 10 1.130 1.601 1.721 1.516 1.084 1.244 NA 11 2.013 1.575 1.461 1.691 1.622 1.802 NA 12 0.939 1.049 1.001 1.084 0.895 1.114 NA 13 1.113 2.059 1.178 0.940 1.020 1.559 1.154 14 1.101 0.918 NA 1.006 NA 0.819 NA 15 1.042 1.035 0.882 1.054 0.823 0.941 NA 16 1.000 1.333 1.250 0.873 0.897 1.128 0.804 17 1.913 2.427 2.496 2.359 2.123 1.501 NA 18 0.997 0.946 0.901 0.971 NA 0.946 NA 19 0.885 −3.636 1.415 −14.300 1.127 1.289 NA 20 1.733 1.556 1.572 1.563 2.252 1.764 NA 21 1.709 3.138 2.818 2.165 1.496 1.667 NA 22 0.569 0.630 0.629 0.641 0.440 0.560 NA 23 0.838 1.432 2.113 1.236 0.636 1.598 NA 24 1.107 0.065 0.337 0.684 0.418 0.598 NA 25 0.788 4.227 1.215 1.162 1.286 0.876 NA 26 −0.190 −1.558 0.467 0.715 1.689 0.432 NA 27 1.390 1.878 1.686 1.305 1.773 1.164 NA 28 0.569 0.630 0.629 0.641 0.440 0.560 NA 29 0.443 0.290 0.281 0.256 0.393 0.361 NA Table 228. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Cor.”—correlation.

TABLE 229 Additional measured parameters of correlation IDs in wheat accessions under low N vs. normal conditions (ratio) Line/ Corr. ID Line-8 Line-9 Line-10 Line-11 Line-12 Line-13 Line-14 1 1.02 0.70 1.17 0.76 0.81 1.68 1.17 2 1.393 2.969 0.972 1.069 1.003 NA NA 3 0.940 0.908 1.021 0.928 0.998 NA NA 4 0.937 0.924 0.903 0.866 0.923 1.169 1.079 5 0.957 NA 1.067 1.121 1.057 NA NA 6 1.00 1.06 1.55 1.20 1.20 4.52 1.18 7 1.01 1.19 1.55 1.29 0.99 NA NA 8 0.97 0.95 1.44 0.99 1.07 5.54 0.26 9 2.097 2.559 2.179 1.977 3.070 NA NA 10 1.194 2.039 1.123 1.219 0.944 NA NA 11 1.901 1.255 2.393 2.462 3.002 NA NA 12 1.031 0.992 1.050 1.162 1.269 NA NA 13 1.373 0.913 0.959 0.980 0.830 1.439 0.954 14 0.830 0.879 0.909 0.966 0.996 NA NA 15 0.995 1.006 NA 1.052 1.013 NA NA 16 1.533 1.419 1.390 0.963 1.421 1.061 0.949 17 1.402 2.762 1.047 1.198 1.189 NA NA 18 0.934 0.997 0.983 0.920 1.012 NA NA 19 −1.352 1.518 1.628 26.917 0.659 NA NA 20 1.741 1.550 1.471 1.322 1.393 NA NA 21 1.333 2.945 0.993 1.083 0.961 NA NA 22 0.567 0.640 0.672 0.750 0.709 NA NA 23 1.526 1.464 1.308 1.329 1.836 NA NA 24 0.150 0.089 0.344 1.334 1.224 NA NA 25 4.376 5.031 3.037 1.028 1.593 NA NA 26 0.274 3.734 −0.230 −0.180 −0.028 NA NA 27 1.153 2.055 0.891 0.793 1.068 NA NA 28 0.567 0.640 0.672 0.750 0.709 NA NA 29 0.393 0.217 0.548 0.456 0.799 NA NA Table 229. Provided are the values of each of the parameters (as described above) measured in wheat accessions (Lines). Growth conditions are specified in the experimental procedure section. “NA” = not available. “Cor.”—correlation

TABLE 230 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under normal conditions across wheat accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY214 0.73 2.70E−02 3 18 LBY214 0.73 2.60E−02 3 17 LBY214 0.71 2.06E−02 1 47 LBY214 0.80 5.46E−03 1 29 LBY214 0.79 6.57E−03 1 51 LBY214 0.80 5.42E−02 5 37 LBY214 0.72 1.96E−02 6 36 LBY214 0.72 1.18E−02 8 54 LBY214 0.74 9.54E−03 8 5 LBY214 0.75 7.36E−03 8 60 LBY215 0.94 4.95E−04 2 16 LBY215 0.88 6.72E−04 2 12 LBY215 0.72 2.00E−02 2 14 LBY215 0.83 2.73E−03 2 56 LBY215 0.88 6.72E−04 2 21 LBY215 0.71 2.24E−02 2 43 LBY215 0.74 1.52E−02 2 40 LBY215 0.71 2.11E−02 2 2 LBY215 0.88 8.88E−04 2 61 LBY215 0.72 1.82E−02 2 7 LBY215 0.84 8.79E−03 2 50 LBY215 0.78 8.14E−03 2 13 LBY215 0.72 1.86E−02 2 4 LBY215 0.71 4.83E−02 7 15 LBY215 0.79 1.85E−02 7 18 LBY215 0.76 2.80E−02 7 17 LBY215 0.71 2.21E−02 7 55 LBY215 0.85 7.17E−03 7 50 LBY215 0.78 4.47E−03 3 1 LBY215 0.79 4.13E−03 3 32 LBY215 0.72 1.31E−02 3 12 LBY215 0.73 1.12E−02 3 14 LBY215 0.77 5.65E−03 3 58 LBY215 0.75 7.39E−03 3 3 LBY215 0.72 1.31E−02 3 21 LBY215 0.79 3.65E−03 3 43 LBY215 0.94 2.09E−05 3 40 LBY215 0.92 7.61E−05 3 2 LBY215 0.84 1.26E−03 3 36 LBY215 0.93 8.73E−05 3 11 LBY215 0.87 4.71E−04 3 13 LBY215 0.82 2.15E−03 3 4 LBY215 0.83 1.39E−03 3 10 LBY215 0.85 1.65E−03 1 46 LBY215 0.79 6.14E−03 1 24 LBY215 0.90 4.53E−04 1 47 LBY215 0.71 2.13E−02 1 29 LBY215 0.78 7.38E−03 1 25 LBY215 0.72 1.79E−02 1 41 LBY215 0.79 6.41E−03 1 42 LBY215 0.76 1.79E−02 1 50 LBY215 0.84 2.49E−03 1 49 LBY215 0.93 7.35E−05 1 51 LBY215 0.75 1.25E−02 4 32 LBY215 0.72 1.89E−02 4 14 LBY215 0.84 2.37E−03 4 58 LBY215 0.82 3.74E−03 4 22 LBY215 0.75 1.29E−02 4 7 LBY215 0.72 4.22E−02 4 50 LBY215 0.74 1.49E−02 9 37 LBY215 0.82 4.06E−03 9 12 LBY215 0.82 4.06E−03 9 21 LBY215 0.89 1.31E−03 9 33 LBY215 0.81 4.28E−03 9 61 LBY215 0.75 2.10E−02 9 50 LBY215 0.89 1.77E−02 5 1 LBY215 0.92 9.72E−03 5 32 LBY215 0.80 5.81E−02 5 14 LBY215 0.89 1.72E−02 5 6 LBY215 0.90 1.52E−02 5 58 LBY215 0.81 5.16E−02 5 3 LBY215 0.95 4.01E−03 5 43 LBY215 0.88 1.94E−02 5 40 LBY215 0.91 1.21E−02 5 2 LBY215 0.78 6.96E−02 5 61 LBY215 0.85 3.33E−02 5 36 LBY215 0.93 6.35E−03 5 11 LBY215 0.84 3.70E−02 5 13 LBY215 0.80 5.62E−02 5 4 LBY215 0.72 1.07E−01 5 19 LBY215 0.83 4.11E−02 5 10 LBY215 0.70 2.31E−02 6 37 LBY215 0.72 1.77E−02 6 55 LBY215 0.96 2.19E−04 6 50 LBY215 0.81 2.54E−03 8 1 LBY215 0.85 1.00E−03 8 32 LBY215 0.78 4.39E−03 8 12 LBY215 0.83 1.39E−03 8 14 LBY215 0.84 1.28E−03 8 58 LBY215 0.79 3.60E−03 8 3 LBY215 0.74 9.07E−03 8 54 LBY215 0.78 4.39E−03 8 21 LBY215 0.70 1.61E−02 8 43 LBY215 0.80 3.39E−03 8 40 LBY215 0.85 9.66E−04 8 2 LBY215 0.84 1.31E−03 8 36 LBY215 0.85 2.06E−03 8 11 LBY215 0.85 1.02E−03 8 13 LBY215 0.85 9.09E−04 8 4 LBY215 0.80 2.83E−03 8 10 LBY216 0.76 2.93E−02 2 50 LBY216 0.81 4.37E−03 7 36 LBY216 0.91 2.51E−04 4 62 LBY216 0.76 1.00E−02 4 24 LBY216 0.89 5.12E−04 4 26 LBY216 0.79 6.90E−03 4 25 LBY216 0.71 2.03E−02 4 20 LBY216 0.72 2.89E−02 9 15 LBY216 0.79 7.00E−03 9 29 LBY216 0.73 2.55E−02 9 18 LBY216 0.81 7.91E−03 9 50 LBY216 0.71 1.17E−01 5 3 LBY216 0.86 2.99E−02 5 48 LBY216 0.72 1.07E−01 5 22 LBY216 0.71 5.07E−02 6 50 LBY216 0.80 3.30E−03 8 24 LBY216 0.74 8.72E−03 8 25 LBY217 0.79 6.55E−03 2 27 LBY217 0.95 3.06E−05 4 62 LBY217 0.77 9.70E−03 4 24 LBY217 0.94 4.47E−05 4 26 LBY217 0.77 9.02E−03 4 25 LBY217 0.74 1.43E−02 4 51 LBY217 0.88 3.38E−04 8 62 LBY217 0.80 3.04E−03 8 26 LBY217 0.75 7.45E−03 8 25 LBY218 0.86 1.36E−02 2 30 LBY218 0.74 9.56E−03 3 32 LBY218 0.75 7.99E−03 3 14 LBY218 0.75 8.44E−03 3 58 LBY218 0.81 2.58E−03 3 3 LBY218 0.71 1.48E−02 3 54 LBY218 0.74 9.23E−03 3 19 LBY218 0.80 4.97E−03 1 1 LBY218 0.77 8.62E−03 1 32 LBY218 0.82 6.53E−03 1 6 LBY218 0.82 3.97E−03 1 58 LBY218 0.71 2.07E−02 1 3 LBY218 0.82 3.53E−03 1 2 LBY218 0.78 7.83E−03 1 36 LBY218 0.77 1.50E−02 1 11 LBY218 0.80 5.46E−03 1 13 LBY218 0.78 7.69E−03 1 4 LBY218 0.84 2.34E−03 1 19 LBY218 0.82 3.90E−03 1 10 LBY218 0.71 2.17E−02 9 55 LBY218 0.70 1.18E−01 5 32 LBY218 0.79 6.36E−02 5 14 LBY218 0.74 9.39E−02 5 58 LBY218 0.77 7.05E−02 5 3 LBY218 0.80 5.41E−02 5 22 LBY218 0.87 2.34E−02 5 19 LBY218 0.94 5.98E−04 6 50 LBY218 0.76 6.58E−03 8 1 LBY218 0.78 4.63E−03 8 32 LBY218 0.71 1.46E−02 8 14 LBY218 0.81 2.56E−03 8 58 LBY218 0.85 9.31E−04 8 3 LBY218 0.82 1.82E−03 8 54 LBY218 0.79 3.65E−03 8 22 LBY218 0.80 3.23E−03 8 5 LBY219 0.74 2.28E−02 2 44 LBY219 0.77 9.11E−03 7 38 LBY219 0.72 1.85E−02 7 36 LBY219 0.83 5.17E−03 7 11 LBY219 0.82 3.30E−03 7 19 LBY219 0.83 3.24E−03 1 14 LBY219 0.77 9.43E−03 1 54 LBY219 0.80 4.97E−03 1 43 LBY219 0.77 9.18E−03 1 40 LBY219 0.70 2.35E−02 1 5 LBY219 0.80 8.93E−03 1 11 LBY219 0.76 1.15E−02 9 48 LBY220 0.76 4.71E−02 7 30 LBY220 0.75 1.22E−02 1 1 LBY220 0.75 5.34E−02 1 30 LBY220 0.93 8.31E−05 1 14 LBY220 0.71 2.25E−02 1 3 LBY220 0.79 6.64E−03 1 54 LBY220 0.72 1.85E−02 1 22 LBY220 0.81 4.40E−03 1 53 LBY220 0.91 2.36E−04 1 43 LBY220 0.90 4.20E−04 1 40 LBY220 0.81 4.68E−03 1 2 LBY220 0.90 9.18E−04 1 11 LBY220 0.84 2.10E−03 1 13 LBY220 0.77 9.01E−03 1 4 LBY220 0.71 2.04E−02 1 10 LBY220 0.70 2.34E−02 4 39 LBY220 0.77 2.64E−02 9 30 LBY220 0.71 2.08E−02 9 24 LBY220 0.77 9.03E−03 9 48 LBY220 0.79 6.15E−03 9 25 LBY220 0.88 2.02E−02 5 46 LBY220 0.78 6.81E−02 5 31 LBY220 0.87 2.40E−02 5 48 LBY220 0.74 9.23E−02 5 34 LBY220 0.92 9.20E−03 5 20 LBY220 0.87 2.26E−02 5 45 LBY220 0.81 1.40E−02 6 15 LBY220 0.74 3.64E−02 6 16 LBY220 0.83 2.64E−03 6 56 LBY220 0.77 8.69E−03 6 29 LBY220 0.76 2.88E−02 6 33 LBY220 0.71 2.26E−02 6 49 LBY220 0.75 7.57E−03 8 37 LBY220 0.72 2.83E−02 8 50 LBY221 0.71 1.34E−02 3 3 LBY221 0.78 6.91E−02 5 48 LBY221 0.70 1.21E−01 5 50 LBY222 0.78 8.27E−03 2 27 LBY222 0.76 3.02E−02 2 50 LBY222 0.74 9.74E−03 3 1 LBY222 0.79 4.18E−03 3 32 LBY222 0.77 5.53E−03 3 58 LBY222 0.91 1.24E−04 3 3 LBY222 0.81 2.62E−03 3 54 LBY222 0.80 3.32E−03 3 5 LBY222 0.74 9.56E−03 3 60 LBY222 0.75 1.17E−02 1 24 LBY222 0.74 1.37E−02 1 47 LBY222 0.74 1.44E−02 1 25 LBY222 0.71 3.23E−02 1 33 LBY222 0.72 1.86E−02 1 42 LBY222 0.70 2.37E−02 1 51 LBY222 0.75 1.26E−02 4 55 LBY222 0.84 9.19E−03 4 50 LBY222 0.88 1.70E−03 9 50 LBY222 0.71 1.16E−01 5 14 LBY222 0.79 6.01E−02 5 58 LBY222 0.71 1.12E−01 5 3 LBY222 0.83 4.30E−02 5 48 LBY222 0.76 7.95E−02 5 38 LBY222 0.74 9.31E−02 5 36 LBY222 0.96 2.14E−03 5 19 LBY222 0.89 2.98E−03 6 50 LBY222 0.70 1.64E−02 8 1 LBY222 0.84 1.19E−03 8 32 LBY222 0.73 1.15E−02 8 14 LBY222 0.84 1.23E−03 8 58 LBY222 0.83 1.56E−03 8 3 LBY222 0.80 3.04E−03 8 38 LBY222 0.74 9.40E−03 8 2 LBY222 0.82 2.11E−03 8 36 LBY222 0.83 3.00E−03 8 11 LBY222 0.73 1.09E−02 8 13 LBY222 0.84 1.27E−03 8 19 LBY224 0.76 1.03E−02 2 14 LBY224 0.84 2.57E−03 2 54 LBY224 0.84 2.18E−03 2 22 LBY224 0.70 2.34E−02 2 61 LBY224 0.80 5.83E−03 2 7 LBY224 0.79 6.49E−03 2 5 LBY224 0.83 1.03E−02 2 50 LBY224 0.72 6.86E−02 7 30 LBY224 0.82 6.56E−03 7 11 LBY224 0.72 4.21E−02 3 30 LBY224 0.73 1.70E−02 1 32 LBY224 0.82 3.79E−03 1 14 LBY224 0.83 2.78E−03 1 3 LBY224 0.88 8.49E−04 1 54 LBY224 0.77 8.91E−03 1 22 LBY224 0.85 2.02E−03 1 43 LBY224 0.74 1.38E−02 1 40 LBY224 0.79 6.69E−03 1 2 LBY224 0.85 1.89E−03 1 5 LBY224 0.72 1.87E−02 1 60 LBY224 0.87 2.38E−03 1 11 LBY224 0.75 1.20E−02 1 13 LBY224 0.71 2.09E−02 1 10 LBY224 0.79 6.71E−03 9 28 LBY224 0.72 1.83E−02 9 56 LBY224 0.84 2.39E−03 9 34 LBY224 0.82 3.49E−03 9 9 LBY224 0.72 3.03E−02 9 33 LBY224 0.77 9.72E−03 9 49 LBY224 0.74 1.43E−02 9 23 LBY224 0.93 6.93E−03 5 1 LBY224 0.83 3.89E−02 5 32 LBY224 0.72 1.09E−01 5 12 LBY224 0.70 1.19E−01 5 14 LBY224 0.88 2.01E−02 5 6 LBY224 0.77 7.12E−02 5 58 LBY224 0.84 3.57E−02 5 3 LBY224 0.71 1.15E−01 5 54 LBY224 0.72 1.09E−01 5 21 LBY224 0.80 5.69E−02 5 43 LBY224 0.84 3.48E−02 5 40 LBY224 0.91 1.27E−02 5 2 LBY224 0.77 7.40E−02 5 61 LBY224 0.72 1.05E−01 5 36 LBY224 0.84 3.62E−02 5 11 LBY224 0.84 3.82E−02 5 13 LBY224 0.77 7.08E−02 5 4 LBY224 0.75 8.35E−02 5 10 LBY224 0.83 2.65E−03 6 53 LBY225 0.72 1.96E−02 7 53 LBY225 0.79 1.17E−02 7 44 LBY225 0.80 2.88E−03 3 31 LBY225 0.78 4.51E−03 3 53 LBY225 0.89 5.46E−04 4 62 LBY225 0.77 2.49E−02 4 15 LBY225 0.81 4.33E−03 4 24 LBY225 0.72 6.72E−02 4 8 LBY225 0.82 4.01E−03 4 26 LBY225 0.73 1.70E−02 4 57 LBY225 0.78 7.51E−03 4 25 LBY225 0.72 1.99E−02 4 51 LBY225 0.78 6.53E−02 5 3 LBY225 0.79 6.36E−02 5 54 LBY225 0.86 2.84E−02 5 22 LBY225 0.76 8.01E−02 5 5 LBY225 0.82 4.68E−02 5 50 LBY225 0.92 8.98E−03 5 19 LBY225 0.83 1.60E−03 8 62 LBY225 0.75 7.43E−03 8 26 LBY225 0.72 1.23E−02 8 25 LBY225 0.71 1.52E−02 8 20 LBY227 0.71 4.85E−02 2 50 LBY227 0.84 1.38E−03 3 3 LBY227 0.76 7.06E−03 3 54 LBY227 0.70 1.63E−02 3 5 LBY227 0.78 8.25E−03 1 46 LBY227 0.81 4.76E−03 1 48 LBY227 0.80 5.58E−03 9 55 LBY227 0.96 4.82E−05 9 50 LBY227 0.74 9.25E−02 5 3 LBY227 0.75 8.41E−02 5 54 LBY227 0.81 5.23E−02 5 22 LBY227 0.71 2.17E−02 6 55 LBY227 0.92 1.09E−03 6 50 LBY227 0.71 1.34E−02 8 32 LBY227 0.88 2.96E−04 8 3 LBY227 0.84 1.12E−03 8 54 LBY227 0.72 1.17E−02 8 22 LBY227 0.83 1.60E−03 8 5 LBY227 0.74 9.40E−03 8 60 LBY228 0.71 1.53E−02 3 5 LBY228 0.83 1.10E−02 4 50 LBY228 0.75 1.26E−02 9 46 LBY230 0.79 6.04E−03 2 31 LBY230 0.75 2.11E−02 7 44 LBY230 0.75 8.50E−03 3 57 LBY230 0.91 2.31E−04 1 46 LBY230 0.72 1.92E−02 1 47 LBY230 0.71 2.04E−02 1 20 LBY230 0.77 8.94E−03 1 45 LBY230 0.78 7.98E−03 4 28 LBY230 0.76 1.09E−02 4 62 LBY230 0.72 1.83E−02 4 24 LBY230 0.72 4.36E−02 4 16 LBY230 0.79 6.28E−03 4 26 LBY230 0.71 2.07E−02 4 49 LBY230 0.73 1.57E−02 4 51 LBY230 0.73 1.03E−01 5 53 LBY230 0.74 9.19E−02 5 33 LBY230 0.82 4.60E−02 5 7 LBY230 0.72 1.08E−01 5 60 LBY230 0.80 5.76E−02 5 41 LBY230 0.83 4.22E−02 5 42 LBY230 0.73 1.65E−02 6 32 LBY230 0.76 1.01E−02 6 58 LBY230 0.75 1.21E−02 6 36 LBY231 0.87 1.20E−03 7 19 LBY231 0.73 1.13E−02 3 29 LBY231 0.78 1.35E−02 3 50 LBY231 0.77 1.42E−02 1 11 LBY231 0.83 2.95E−03 9 61 LBY231 0.77 9.13E−03 9 7 LBY231 0.79 6.21E−02 5 62 LBY231 0.74 9.49E−02 5 15 LBY231 0.98 6.52E−04 5 24 LBY231 0.81 5.18E−02 5 47 LBY231 0.79 6.02E−02 5 8 LBY231 0.78 6.82E−02 5 29 LBY231 0.77 7.36E−02 5 18 LBY231 0.90 1.35E−02 5 25 LBY231 0.75 8.43E−02 5 17 LBY231 0.90 1.39E−02 5 52 LBY231 0.92 4.28E−04 6 44 LBY231 0.75 8.36E−03 8 24 LBY231 0.71 1.45E−02 8 25 LGN1 0.73 1.64E−02 7 40 LGN1 0.78 7.33E−03 7 2 LGN1 0.82 7.07E−03 7 11 LGN1 0.70 2.33E−02 7 10 LGN1 0.72 1.90E−02 1 2 LGN1 0.83 5.45E−03 1 11 LGN1 0.72 1.89E−02 1 13 LGN1 0.82 3.70E−03 1 10 LGN1 0.80 5.93E−03 4 37 LGN1 0.77 8.63E−03 4 54 LGN1 0.80 5.20E−03 4 22 LGN1 0.86 1.59E−03 4 5 LGN1 0.80 5.26E−03 4 60 LGN1 0.71 4.70E−02 4 50 LGN1 0.75 8.63E−02 5 28 LGN1 0.82 4.40E−02 5 62 LGN1 0.87 2.57E−02 5 15 LGN1 0.83 4.12E−02 5 24 LGN1 0.87 2.60E−02 5 16 LGN1 0.76 7.94E−02 5 8 LGN1 0.76 7.64E−02 5 56 LGN1 0.91 1.13E−02 5 29 LGN1 0.76 7.73E−02 5 26 LGN1 0.81 4.85E−02 5 18 LGN1 0.74 9.17E−02 5 25 LGN1 0.75 8.79E−02 5 17 LGN1 0.75 8.86E−02 5 52 LGN1 0.76 7.83E−02 5 23 LGN1 0.85 1.44E−02 6 8 LGN1 0.77 1.46E−02 6 44 Table 230. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 222. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 219. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

TABLE 231 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low N conditions across wheat accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY214 0.73 1.12E−02 2 5 LBY214 0.72 2.99E−02 2 50 LBY214 0.75 5.45E−02 3 19 LBY214 0.70 2.32E−02 5 34 LBY214 0.72 1.32E−02 8 43 LBY214 0.81 2.45E−03 8 7 LBY214 0.77 8.48E−03 7 55 LBY214 0.72 1.07E−01 4 1 LBY214 0.79 6.03E−02 4 22 LBY214 0.74 9.32E−02 4 50 LBY214 0.79 5.96E−02 4 23 LBY214 0.76 6.33E−03 1 22 LBY214 0.76 6.78E−03 1 7 LBY215 0.75 7.41E−03 5 22 LBY215 0.71 1.54E−02 8 61 LBY215 0.73 1.75E−02 7 43 LBY215 0.85 3.35E−02 4 30 LBY215 0.71 1.11E−01 4 57 LBY215 0.74 9.00E−02 4 55 LBY215 0.70 1.21E−01 4 39 LBY215 0.71 3.14E−02 1 18 LBY216 0.81 2.79E−02 3 32 LBY216 0.72 6.81E−02 3 58 LBY216 0.76 4.76E−02 3 3 LBY216 0.70 7.69E−02 3 10 LBY216 0.72 1.91E−02 7 48 LBY216 0.81 1.59E−02 7 52 LBY216 0.70 1.20E−01 4 55 LBY216 0.82 2.01E−03 6 46 LBY216 0.73 1.07E−02 6 37 LBY216 0.75 7.38E−03 6 47 LBY216 0.75 7.61E−03 6 31 LBY216 0.74 8.59E−03 6 42 LBY216 0.74 9.35E−03 6 51 LBY217 0.78 3.69E−02 3 24 LBY217 0.94 1.58E−03 3 31 LBY217 0.72 6.83E−02 3 53 LBY217 0.80 3.24E−02 3 45 LBY217 0.82 2.48E−02 3 41 LBY217 0.78 3.98E−02 3 42 LBY217 0.72 6.99E−02 3 49 LBY217 0.76 7.15E−03 5 47 LBY217 0.70 2.32E−02 7 62 LBY217 0.76 1.09E−02 7 26 LBY217 0.71 1.38E−02 6 24 LBY217 0.72 1.17E−02 6 25 LBY218 0.74 9.74E−03 2 14 LBY218 0.72 1.16E−02 2 54 LBY218 0.76 1.64E−02 2 50 LBY218 0.92 7.40E−05 2 23 LBY218 0.75 8.22E−03 8 57 LBY218 0.90 1.54E−04 8 39 LBY218 0.71 1.16E−01 4 12 LBY218 0.92 1.05E−02 4 14 LBY218 0.78 6.54E−02 4 54 LBY218 0.84 3.85E−02 4 22 LBY218 0.71 1.16E−01 4 21 LBY218 0.74 9.53E−02 4 7 LBY218 0.72 1.04E−01 4 5 LBY218 0.82 4.73E−02 4 23 LBY218 0.81 2.56E−03 1 14 LBY218 0.77 5.67E−03 1 54 LBY218 0.70 1.63E−02 6 54 LBY218 0.89 1.41E−03 6 50 LBY219 0.77 5.37E−03 2 62 LBY219 0.74 8.97E−03 2 24 LBY219 0.72 1.33E−02 2 6 LBY219 0.75 7.98E−03 2 45 LBY219 0.84 1.13E−03 2 41 LBY219 0.84 1.11E−03 2 42 LBY219 0.71 1.35E−02 2 49 LBY219 0.74 8.75E−03 2 51 LBY219 0.70 7.86E−02 3 47 LBY219 0.88 9.63E−03 3 57 LBY219 0.70 7.97E−02 3 49 LBY219 0.80 3.05E−02 3 19 LBY219 0.74 5.97E−02 3 51 LBY219 0.84 1.14E−03 8 19 LBY219 0.89 1.68E−02 4 55 LBY219 0.75 7.56E−03 1 14 LBY219 0.73 1.07E−02 1 2 LBY219 0.74 9.63E−03 1 36 LBY219 0.74 9.16E−03 6 8 LBY219 0.82 1.98E−03 6 26 LBY219 0.73 1.09E−02 6 2 LBY220 0.76 1.86E−02 2 15 LBY220 0.71 1.43E−02 2 48 LBY220 0.72 1.17E−02 2 57 LBY220 0.75 1.96E−02 2 18 LBY220 0.75 7.50E−03 2 9 LBY220 0.79 1.15E−02 2 17 LBY220 0.89 2.26E−04 2 39 LBY220 0.73 9.85E−02 3 16 LBY220 0.75 8.50E−02 3 18 LBY220 0.71 1.50E−02 5 62 LBY220 0.80 2.87E−03 5 32 LBY220 0.77 5.72E−03 5 58 LBY220 0.78 4.95E−03 5 3 LBY220 0.75 7.98E−03 5 40 LBY220 0.77 5.42E−03 5 9 LBY220 0.70 1.61E−02 5 2 LBY220 0.77 5.94E−03 5 13 LBY220 0.74 8.98E−03 5 4 LBY220 0.73 1.12E−02 5 10 LBY220 0.74 2.40E−02 8 16 LBY220 0.71 1.41E−02 8 39 LBY220 0.75 3.16E−02 7 16 LBY220 0.78 8.16E−03 7 48 LBY220 0.78 8.05E−03 7 57 LBY220 0.87 1.23E−03 7 39 LBY220 0.76 8.01E−02 4 12 LBY220 0.76 8.01E−02 4 21 LBY220 0.79 6.29E−02 4 9 LBY220 0.85 3.03E−02 4 33 LBY220 0.73 9.78E−02 4 36 LBY220 0.76 6.54E−03 1 3 LBY220 0.72 1.33E−02 1 38 LBY220 0.72 1.28E−02 1 36 LBY220 0.71 3.15E−02 6 52 LBY221 0.76 1.66E−02 2 50 LBY221 0.73 1.00E−01 3 16 LBY221 0.74 9.31E−02 3 52 LBY221 0.77 1.60E−02 5 15 LBY221 0.79 1.10E−02 5 16 LBY221 0.84 3.55E−02 4 12 LBY221 0.74 9.17E−02 4 31 LBY221 0.92 9.15E−03 4 53 LBY221 0.84 3.55E−02 4 21 LBY221 0.83 4.17E−02 4 7 LBY221 0.74 9.60E−02 4 41 LBY221 0.74 8.93E−02 4 42 LBY221 0.74 8.78E−03 1 7 LBY222 0.75 8.45E−03 2 14 LBY222 0.70 1.65E−02 2 54 LBY222 0.77 5.36E−03 2 22 LBY222 0.80 5.59E−02 3 50 LBY222 0.70 7.85E−02 3 23 LBY222 0.71 1.13E−01 4 37 LBY222 0.83 4.29E−02 4 54 LBY222 0.97 9.79E−04 4 22 LBY222 0.83 4.28E−02 4 5 LBY222 0.76 7.99E−02 4 50 LBY222 0.93 6.33E−03 4 23 LBY222 0.85 3.82E−03 1 15 LBY222 0.72 2.93E−02 1 18 LBY222 0.84 4.94E−03 1 17 LBY222 0.83 6.02E−03 1 50 LBY222 0.82 6.45E−03 6 33 LBY222 0.70 1.57E−02 6 45 LBY222 0.80 2.81E−03 6 41 LBY222 0.84 1.34E−03 6 42 LBY222 0.78 4.98E−03 6 49 LBY222 0.71 1.47E−02 6 51 LBY224 0.87 1.05E−02 3 46 LBY224 0.77 4.40E−02 3 37 LBY224 0.75 5.31E−02 3 24 LBY224 0.93 2.37E−03 3 47 LBY224 0.94 1.71E−03 3 57 LBY224 0.84 1.73E−02 3 53 LBY224 0.83 2.16E−02 3 25 LBY224 0.72 6.85E−02 3 60 LBY224 0.73 6.25E−02 3 42 LBY224 0.85 1.47E−02 3 49 LBY224 0.91 4.12E−03 3 51 LBY224 0.81 2.68E−03 8 28 LBY224 0.75 7.86E−03 8 6 LBY224 0.74 9.32E−03 8 13 LBY224 0.71 1.52E−02 8 4 LBY224 0.84 1.17E−03 8 10 LBY224 0.71 2.27E−02 7 57 LBY224 0.81 4.82E−02 4 14 LBY224 0.86 2.79E−02 4 57 LBY224 0.73 9.62E−02 4 36 LBY224 0.77 7.54E−02 4 59 LBY224 0.74 9.92E−03 1 14 LBY224 0.72 1.25E−02 1 36 LBY225 0.76 6.91E−03 2 28 LBY225 0.72 1.32E−02 2 8 LBY225 0.74 8.83E−03 2 45 LBY225 0.77 5.15E−03 2 41 LBY225 0.73 6.37E−02 3 45 LBY225 0.82 1.81E−03 5 56 LBY225 0.74 8.75E−03 5 27 LBY225 0.73 1.09E−02 5 10 LBY225 0.81 4.65E−03 7 32 LBY225 0.82 3.55E−03 7 12 LBY225 0.77 9.29E−03 7 3 LBY225 0.85 4.10E−03 7 34 LBY225 0.82 3.55E−03 7 21 LBY225 0.93 7.80E−04 7 33 LBY225 0.82 3.62E−03 7 2 LBY225 0.74 1.45E−02 7 61 LBY225 0.85 1.77E−03 7 11 LBY225 0.74 1.40E−02 7 13 LBY225 0.75 1.29E−02 7 4 LBY225 0.70 2.38E−02 7 10 LBY225 0.78 6.57E−02 4 14 LBY225 0.78 6.60E−02 4 54 LBY225 0.97 1.16E−03 4 22 LBY225 0.73 9.98E−02 4 50 LBY225 0.87 2.28E−02 4 23 LBY225 0.82 2.08E−03 6 42 LBY227 0.72 2.74E−02 2 50 LBY227 0.77 5.57E−03 2 23 LBY227 0.77 4.38E−02 3 14 LBY227 0.78 3.93E−02 3 54 LBY227 0.72 7.04E−02 3 55 LBY227 0.76 6.91E−03 5 39 LBY227 0.72 1.07E−01 4 57 LBY227 0.77 7.06E−02 4 50 LBY227 0.79 5.99E−02 4 23 LBY227 0.79 3.97E−03 1 54 LBY227 0.74 9.50E−03 1 22 LBY227 0.77 5.20E−03 1 5 LBY230 0.86 1.27E−02 3 1 LBY230 0.72 6.83E−02 3 32 LBY230 0.77 4.32E−02 3 3 LBY230 0.70 1.54E−02 8 32 LBY230 0.72 1.22E−02 8 58 LBY230 0.72 1.21E−02 8 3 LBY230 0.71 1.39E−02 8 40 LBY230 0.77 5.39E−03 8 2 LBY230 0.84 1.19E−03 8 11 LBY230 0.87 5.05E−04 8 13 LBY230 0.81 2.52E−03 8 4 LBY230 0.87 4.87E−04 8 10 LBY230 0.85 7.36E−03 7 15 LBY230 0.71 5.03E−02 7 16 LBY230 0.83 1.02E−02 7 18 LBY230 0.83 1.15E−02 7 17 LBY230 0.89 6.17E−04 7 60 LBY230 0.70 3.54E−02 1 50 LBY230 0.74 8.60E−03 1 23 LBY231 0.72 1.26E−02 2 39 LBY231 0.72 1.25E−02 5 28 LBY231 0.86 7.90E−04 5 10 LBY231 0.78 4.79E−03 8 27 LBY231 0.81 5.10E−02 4 9 LBY231 0.95 3.52E−03 4 36 LBY231 0.70 1.19E−01 4 49 LBY231 0.72 1.31E−02 1 32 LBY231 0.72 1.32E−02 1 58 LBY231 0.78 4.54E−03 1 3 LBY231 0.80 3.00E−03 1 40 LBY231 0.85 8.93E−04 1 2 LBY231 0.86 7.08E−04 1 11 LBY231 0.92 5.09E−05 1 13 LBY231 0.89 2.60E−04 1 4 LBY231 0.91 1.13E−04 1 10 LBY231 0.83 1.47E−03 6 12 LBY231 0.83 1.47E−03 6 21 LBY231 0.86 7.26E−04 6 43 LBY231 0.82 7.06E−03 6 33 LBY231 0.78 4.28E−03 6 2 LBY231 0.82 1.94E−03 6 61 LBY231 0.77 5.29E−03 6 36 LBY231 0.77 5.60E−03 6 11 LBY231 0.72 1.33E−02 6 13 LBY231 0.74 8.92E−03 6 4 LGN1 0.77 4.50E−02 3 39 LGN1 0.82 1.80E−03 5 48 LGN1 0.87 4.53E−04 5 57 LGN1 0.74 9.56E−03 5 9 LGN1 0.88 3.77E−04 5 39 LGN1 0.74 9.20E−03 8 57 LGN1 0.80 2.86E−03 8 9 LGN1 0.72 1.22E−02 8 44 LGN1 0.75 1.21E−02 7 48 LGN1 0.79 6.71E−03 7 57 LGN1 0.90 3.51E−04 7 39 LGN1 0.95 3.79E−03 4 30 LGN1 0.84 3.81E−02 4 6 LGN1 0.73 9.62E−02 4 58 LGN1 0.89 1.64E−02 4 22 LGN1 0.77 7.10E−02 4 43 LGN1 0.73 1.03E−01 4 2 LGN1 0.79 5.96E−02 4 61 LGN1 0.76 8.00E−02 4 23 LGN1 0.75 7.80E−03 1 58 Table 231. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 222. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 220. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value

TABLE 232 Correlation between the expression level of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention in various tissues and the phenotypic performance under low N vs. normal (ratio) conditions across wheat accessions Gene Exp. Corr. Gene Exp. Corr. Name R P value set Set ID Name R P value set Set ID LBY214 0.71 1.37E−02 2 9 LBY214 0.70 1.55E−02 2 2 LBY214 0.80 3.13E−03 2 21 LBY214 0.95 8.68E−04 3 9 LBY214 0.71 7.53E−02 3 4 LBY214 0.70 7.98E−02 3 13 LBY214 0.76 4.82E−02 3 8 LBY214 0.73 6.16E−02 3 6 LBY214 0.73 1.73E−02 7 12 LBY214 0.77 1.53E−02 6 14 LBY215 0.91 7.19E−04 2 14 LBY215 0.73 6.16E−02 3 11 LBY215 0.80 3.21E−02 3 29 LBY215 0.82 2.52E−02 3 12 LBY215 0.73 6.37E−02 3 23 LBY215 0.80 3.33E−03 8 29 LBY215 0.88 2.06E−02 4 11 LBY215 0.90 1.34E−02 4 29 LBY215 0.79 6.24E−02 4 12 LBY215 0.70 1.20E−01 4 23 LBY216 0.76 6.34E−03 2 29 LBY216 0.91 1.22E−02 3 7 LBY216 0.84 1.82E−02 3 8 LBY216 0.84 1.75E−02 3 6 LBY216 0.72 1.04E−01 4 11 LBY216 0.80 5.48E−02 4 29 LBY216 0.76 7.67E−02 4 12 LBY216 0.74 9.51E−02 4 23 LBY216 0.72 1.34E−02 1 6 LBY216 0.75 8.50E−03 6 20 LBY217 0.81 5.25E−02 3 7 LBY217 0.81 2.51E−03 6 1 LBY218 0.72 1.23E−02 2 24 LBY218 0.80 9.86E−03 2 14 LBY218 0.78 6.89E−02 3 14 LBY218 0.94 5.37E−03 3 18 LBY218 0.76 1.08E−02 7 12 LBY218 0.77 7.56E−02 4 24 LBY218 0.77 7.26E−02 4 14 LBY218 0.81 4.85E−03 1 15 LBY218 0.87 2.13E−03 1 14 LBY218 0.84 4.77E−03 6 14 LBY218 0.76 7.22E−03 6 19 LBY219 0.74 5.78E−02 3 13 LBY219 0.91 2.87E−04 5 18 LBY219 0.76 7.07E−03 8 9 LBY219 0.94 5.86E−03 4 12 LBY219 0.71 1.15E−01 4 28 LBY219 0.71 1.15E−01 4 22 LBY219 0.95 3.47E−03 4 23 LBY220 0.72 1.22E−02 2 8 LBY220 0.85 1.55E−02 3 13 LBY220 0.78 4.01E−02 3 8 LBY220 0.72 6.67E−02 3 6 LBY220 0.73 1.09E−02 8 9 LBY220 0.71 2.08E−02 7 9 LBY220 0.82 4.68E−02 4 24 LBY220 0.87 2.55E−02 4 19 LBY220 0.76 6.81E−03 1 6 LBY221 0.72 1.24E−02 2 24 LBY221 0.73 1.14E−02 2 19 LBY221 0.84 1.87E−02 3 9 LBY221 0.74 5.57E−02 3 17 LBY221 0.75 5.41E−02 3 2 LBY221 0.85 1.46E−02 3 21 LBY221 0.81 1.47E−02 6 5 LBY222 0.79 3.89E−03 2 11 LBY222 0.79 3.83E−03 2 24 LBY222 0.75 1.31E−02 2 15 LBY222 0.85 9.33E−04 2 12 LBY222 0.77 4.12E−02 3 26 LBY222 0.82 3.59E−03 7 24 LBY222 0.89 3.38E−03 7 14 LBY222 0.92 1.26E−03 6 5 LBY224 0.95 1.30E−03 3 20 LBY224 0.84 1.07E−03 5 10 LBY224 0.78 4.87E−03 5 2 LBY224 0.73 1.11E−02 8 8 LBY224 0.82 1.23E−02 7 14 LBY224 0.85 3.28E−02 4 11 LBY224 0.82 4.64E−02 4 29 LBY224 0.87 2.52E−02 4 24 LBY224 0.74 9.14E−02 4 12 LBY224 0.89 1.71E−02 4 14 LBY224 0.77 7.51E−02 4 26 LBY224 0.71 1.44E−02 1 11 LBY224 0.81 7.47E−03 1 14 LBY225 0.73 1.08E−02 2 19 LBY225 0.71 7.36E−02 3 26 LBY225 0.72 1.23E−02 5 10 LBY225 0.74 2.21E−02 7 7 LBY225 0.81 5.33E−02 4 5 LBY225 0.73 1.02E−02 1 23 LBY225 0.90 3.91E−04 6 3 LBY225 0.72 1.95E−02 6 7 LBY225 0.74 8.76E−03 6 8 LBY227 0.76 6.16E−03 2 24 LBY227 0.80 2.87E−03 2 12 LBY227 0.83 4.14E−02 3 15 LBY227 0.83 3.06E−03 7 12 LBY227 0.88 2.14E−02 4 24 LBY227 0.75 8.92E−02 4 12 LBY227 0.76 1.00E−02 1 15 LBY228 0.84 1.33E−03 8 13 LBY228 0.76 6.12E−03 6 4 LBY230 0.91 1.22E−02 3 7 LBY230 0.84 1.81E−02 3 8 LBY230 0.91 4.56E−03 3 6 LBY230 0.70 1.57E−02 5 13 LBY230 0.75 1.19E−02 7 27 LBY230 0.76 7.81E−02 4 14 LBY231 0.79 1.93E−02 2 5 LBY231 0.84 2.43E−03 2 3 LBY231 0.87 1.05E−02 3 13 LBY231 0.90 6.48E−03 3 8 LBY231 0.83 2.14E−02 3 6 LBY231 0.75 7.68E−03 5 8 LBY231 0.70 1.55E−02 5 6 LBY231 0.76 6.93E−03 8 8 LBY231 0.70 1.62E−02 8 21 LBY231 0.76 6.13E−03 8 6 LBY231 0.78 6.85E−02 4 11 LBY231 0.77 7.28E−02 4 29 LGN1 0.76 7.09E−03 2 8 LGN1 0.74 5.49E−02 3 29 LGN1 0.75 5.32E−02 3 12 LGN1 0.84 1.26E−03 5 8 LGN1 0.77 8.93E−03 7 8 LGN1 0.86 2.74E−02 4 5 LGN1 0.93 8.06E−03 4 3 LGN1 0.78 6.88E−02 4 26 LGN1 0.76 6.71E−03 6 13 Table 232. Provided are the correlations (R) between the genes expression levels in various tissues and the phenotypic performance. “Corr. ID“—correlation set ID according to the correlated parameters specified in Table 223. “Exp. Set”—Expression set specified in Table 221. “R” = Pearson correlation coefficient; “P” = p value.

Example 25 Gene Cloning and Generation of Binary Vectors for Plant Expression

To validate their role in improving yield, selected genes were over-expressed in plants, as follows.

Cloning Strategy

Selected genes from those presented in Examples 1-24 hereinabove were cloned into binary vectors for the generation of transgenic plants. For cloning, the full-length open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. EST clusters and in some cases mRNA sequences were analyzed to identify the entire open reading frame by comparing the results of several translation algorithms to known proteins from other plant species.

In order to clone the full-length cDNAs, reverse transcription (RT) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; RT-PCR) was performed on total RNA extracted from leaves, roots or other plant tissues, growing under normal/limiting or stress conditions. Total RNA extraction, production of cDNA and PCR amplification was performed using standard protocols described elsewhere (Sambrook J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) which are well known to those skilled in the art. PCR products were purified using PCR purification kit (Qiagen).

Usually, 2 sets of primers were prepared for the amplification of each gene, via nested PCR (if required). Both sets of primers were used for amplification on a cDNA. In case no product was obtained, a nested PCR reaction was performed. Nested PCR was performed by amplification of the gene using external primers and then using the produced PCR product as a template for a second PCR reaction, where the internal set of primers were used. Alternatively, one or two of the internal primers were used for gene amplification, both in the first and the second PCR reactions (meaning only 2-3 primers are designed for a gene). To facilitate further cloning of the cDNAs, an 8-12 base pairs (bp) extension was added to the 5′ of each internal primer. The primer extension includes an endonuclease restriction site. The restriction sites were selected using two parameters: (a) the restriction site does not exist in the cDNA sequence; and (b) the restriction sites in the forward and reverse primers were designed such that the digested cDNA was inserted in the sense direction into the binary vector utilized for transformation.

PCR products were digested with the restriction endonucleases (New England BioLabs Inc) according to the sites designed in the primers. Each digested/undigested PCR product was inserted into a high copy vector pUC19 (New England BioLabs Inc], or into plasmids originating from this vector. In some cases the undigested PCR product was inserted into pCR-Blunt II-TOPO (Invitrogen) or into pJET1.2 (CloneJET PCR Cloning Kit, Thermo Scientific) or directly into the binary vector. The digested/undigested products and the linearized plasmid vector were ligated using T4 DNA ligase enzyme (Roche, Switzerland or other manufacturers). In cases where pCR-Blunt II-TOPO is used no T4 ligase is needed.

Sequencing of the inserted genes was performed, using the ABI 377 sequencer (Applied Biosystems). In some cases, after confirming the sequences of the cloned genes, the cloned cDNA was introduced into a modified pGI binary vector containing the At6669 promoter (e.g., pQFNc or pQsFN) and the NOS terminator (SEQ ID NO: 10665) via digestion with appropriate restriction endonucleases.

Several DNA sequences of the selected genes were synthesized by GeneArt (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y., USA). Synthetic DNA was designed in silico. Suitable restriction enzymes sites were added to the cloned sequences at the 5′ end and at the 3′ end to enable later cloning into the desired binary vector.

Binary vectors—The pPI plasmid vector was constructed by inserting a synthetic poly-(A) signal sequence, originating from pGL3 basic plasmid vector (Promega, GenBank Accession No. U47295; nucleotides 4658-4811) into the HindIII restriction site of the binary vector pBI101.3 (Clontech, GenBank Accession No. U12640). pGI is similar to pPI, but the original gene in the backbone is GUS-Intron and not GUS.

The modified pGI vector (e.g., pQFN, pQFNc, pQYN_6669, pQNa_RP, pQFYN, pQXNc, pQ6sVN (FIG. 11) or pQsFN (FIG. 12)) is a modified version of the pGI vector in which the cassette is inverted between the left and right borders so the gene and its corresponding promoter are close to the right border and the NPTII gene is close to the left border.

At6669, the new Arabidopsis thaliana promoter sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10654) was inserted in the modified pGI binary vector, upstream to the cloned genes, followed by DNA ligation and binary plasmid extraction from positive E. coli colonies, as described above. Colonies were analyzed by PCR using the primers covering the insert which were designed to span the introduced promoter and gene. Positive plasmids were identified, isolated and sequenced.

In case of Brachypodium transformation, after confirming the sequences of the cloned genes, the cloned cDNAs were introduced into pQ6sVN (FIG. 11) containing 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10666) and the NOS terminator (SEQ ID NO: 10665) via digestion with appropriate restriction endonucleases. The genes were cloned downstream to the 35S promoter and upstream to the NOS terminator. In the pQ6sVN vector the Hygromycin resistance gene cassette and the Bar_GA resistance gene cassette replaced the NPTII resistance gene cassette. pQ6sVN contains the 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10666). Bar_GA resistance gene (SEQ ID NO: 11335) is an optimized sequence of the BAR gene for expression in Brachypodium plants (ordered from GeneArt).

Additionally or alternatively, Brachypodium transformation was performed using the pEBbVNi vector. pEBbVNi (FIG. 9A) is a modified version of pJJ2LB in which the Hygromycin resistance gene was replaced with the BAR gene which confers resistance to the BASTA herbicide [BAR gene coding sequence is provided in GenBank Accession No. JQ293091.1 (SEQ ID NO: 10667); further description is provided in Akama K, et al. “Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana using the bar gene as selectable marker”, Plant Cell Rep. 1995, 14(7):450-4; Christiansen P, et al. “A rapid and efficient transformation protocol for the grass Brachypodium distachyon”, Plant Cell Rep. 2005 March; 23(10-11):751-8. Epub 2004 Oct. 19; and Păcurar D I, et al. “A high-throughput Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for the grass model species Brachypodium distachyon L”, Transgenic Res. 2008 17(5):965-75; each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference in its entirety]. The pEBbVNi construct contains the 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10666). pJJ2LB is a modified version of pCambia0305.2 (Cambia).

In case genomic DNA was cloned, the genes were amplified by direct PCR on genomic DNA extracted from leaf tissue using the DNAeasy kit (Qiagen Cat. No. 69104).

Selected genes cloned by the present inventors are provided in Table 233 below.

TABLE 233 Cloned genes Gene Primers used Polynucleotide Polypeptide Name High copy plasmid Organism SEQ ID NOs: SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: LBY100 pMA-T_LBY100_GA 388 634 LBY102 pMA-T_LBY102_GA 389 635 LBY103 pQFNc_LBY103 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11069, 10874, 390 636 11006, 10847 LBY104 pUC19g_LBY104 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11093, 11191, 391 637 11105, 11166 LBY105 pQFNc_LBY105 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11005, 10887, 392 638 11119, 10808 LBY106- pQFNc_LBY106_H3 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11003, 11160, 505 884 H3 11028, 11160 LBY107 pQFNc_LBY107 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11158, 10766, 393 640 11158, 10814 LBY108 pQFNc_LBY108 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10774, 10707, 394 838 10756, 10699 LBY109 pUC19c_LBY109 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11088, 10910, 395 642 11019, 10859 LBY110 pQFNc_LBY110 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11120, 10788, 396 643 11038, 10883 LBY111 pMA-RQ_LBY111_GA 397 644 LBY112 pQFNc_LBY112 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10949, 10935, 398 645 10948, 10928 LBY113 TopoB_LBY113 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11091, 11162, 399 646 11130, 11182 LBY114 pQFNc_LBY114 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10886, 10692, 400 647 10899, 10693 LBY115 TopoB_LBY115 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11154, 10763, 401 648 11154, 10763 LBY116 pUC19c_LBY116 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10991, 10809, 402 839 11012, 10792 LBY117 pUC19g_LBY117 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10947, 10786, 403 650 10946, 10902 LBY118 pQFNc_LBY118 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11017, 10755, 404 651 11104, 10888 LBY119- pQFNc_LBY119_H1 10671, 11197, 506 885 H1 10671, 11197 LBY120 pQFNc_LBY120 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11144, 10794, 405 840 10974, 10912 LBY121 pQFNc_LBY121 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10959, 11185, 406 841 10959, 11185 LBY122 pQFNc_LBY122 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11108, 10782, 407 842 11110, 11216 LBY123 pQFNc_LBY123 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11106, 10870, 408 656 11034, 10800 LBY125 pMA_LBY125_GA 409 657 LBY126 pQFNc_LBY126 MEDICAGO Medicago truncatula 410 658 LBY127 pQFNc_LBY127 MEDICAGO Medicago truncatula 11095, 11200, 411 843 11139, 11193 LBY128 pMA-T_LBY128_GA 412 660 LBY129 pMA-RQ_LBY129_GA 413 661 LBY132 pMA-RQ_LBY132_GA 414 663 LBY133 pMA-T_LBY133_GA 415 664 LBY134 pMA-T_LBY134_GA 416 665 LBY135 pQFNc_LBY135 POTATO Solanum tuberosum 11082, 10789, 417 666 11116, 10798 LBY136 pUC19c_LBY136 POTATO Solanum tuberosum 10812, 10932, 418 844 10749, 10937 LBY137 pQFNc_LBY137 POTATO Solanum tuberosum 10856, 10712, 419 845 10856, 10712 LBY138 pUC19c_LBY138 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11092, 10922, 420 669 11092, 10833 LBY139 TopoB_LBY139 RICE Oryza sativa L. 10728, 11204, 421 846 10728, 11165 LBY14 pQsFN_LBY14 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10744, 11210, 551 — 10744, 11210 LBY140 pQFNc_LBY140 RICE Oryza sativa L. 10956, 10821, 422 671 10958, 10841 LBY141 pMA-RQ_LBY141_GA 423 672 LBY142 pMA-RQ_LBY142_GA 424 673 LBY143 pQFNc_LBY143 RICE Oryza sativa L. 10943, 10781, 425 674 10942, 10840 LBY144 pQFNc_LBY144 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11129, 10915, 426 847 11129, 10915 LBY145 pQFNc_LBY145 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11018, 10863, 427 676 11018, 10863 LBY146 pUC19c_LBY146 RICE Oryza sativa L. 10729, 10931, 428 848 10729, 10931 LBY148 pMA-RQ_LBY148_GA 429 679 LBY149 pUC19c_LBY149 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11146, 10923, 430 680 11146, 10923 LBY15 pMA-RQ_LBY15_GA 261 — LBY150 pQFNc_LBY150 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11014, 10801, 431 681 11109, 10884 LBY151 pUC19_LBY151 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11015, 10907, 432 682 11015, 10907 LBY152 pMA-RQ_LBY152_GA 433 683 LBY153 TopoB_LBY153 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10963, 11171, 434 684 10963, 11171 LBY154 pQFNc_LBY154 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11145, 10865, 435 685 10998, 10764 LBY155 pQFNc_LBY155 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11048, 11168, 436 849 11048, 11168 LBY156 pUC19c_LBY156 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10784, 10722, 437 850 10860, 10682 LBY157 pMA-RQ_LBY157_GA 438 688 LBY158 pQFNc_LBY158 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10968, 10836, 439 851 11041, 10817 LBY159 pQFNc_LBY159 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11086, 10845, 440 690 11103, 10843 LBY16 pUC19c_LBY16 ARABIDOPSIS Arabidopsis thalia 11076, 10739, 311 552 11076, 10894 LBY160 TopoB_LBY160 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11022, 10740, 441 691 11151, 10754 LBY161 pMA_LBY161_GA 442 692 LBY162 pUC19g_LBY162 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10966, 11159, 443 693 11090, 11181 LBY163 pQFNc_LBY163 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11011, 11180, 444 694 10973, 11177 LBY164 pQFNc_LBY164 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11078, 10815, 445 852 11078, 10815 LBY165 pQFNc_LBY165 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11140, 10677, 446 853 11155, 10672 LBY166 pQFNc_LBY166 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11125, 10878, 447 697 11135, 10881 LBY167 pQFNc_LBY167 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10675, 10708, 448 698 10873, 10695 LBY17 pQFNc_LBY17 ARABIDOPSIS Arabidopsis thalia 10993, 10775, 312 553 10982, 10743 LBY170 pMK-RQ_LBY170_GA 449 700 LBY171 pMK-RQ_LBY171_GA 450 701 LBY173 pQFNc_LBY173 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10737, 10711, 451 702 10891, 10716 LBY174 pUC19g_LBY174 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10960, 11188, 452 703 10952, 11196 LBY175 pQFNc_LBY175 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10994, 10791, 453 704 11150, 10918 LBY176 pMA-RQ_LBY176_GA 454 705 LBY177 pUC19g_LBY177 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10941, 10877, 455 706 10953, 10924 LBY178 pMK-RQ_LBY178_GA 456 707 LBY179 pQFNc_LBY179 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11133, 10741, 457 708 11133, 10895 LBY18 pMA-RQ_LBY18_GA 313 554 LBY180 TopoB_LBY180 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10853, 10685, 458 854 10919, 10718 LBY181 TopoB_LBY181 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10730, 11199, 459 855 10730, 11199 LBY182 pQFNc_LBY182 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11064, 10686, 460 856 11064, 10691 LBY183 pMA-RQ_LBY183_GA 461 712 LBY184 pQFNc_LBY184 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10978, 10871, 462 713 10976, 10835 LBY185 pQFNc_LBY185 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11035, 10898, 463 857 11100, 10868 LBY186 pQFNc_LBY186 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11127, 10851, 464 715 10986, 10772 LBY187 pUC19_LBY187 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10736, 10734, 465 858 10736, 10735 LBY188 pQFNc_LBY188 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11148, 10760, 466 717 10996, 10795 LBY190 pQFNc_LBY190 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11023, 10778, 467 719 11117, 10866 LBY191 pMA-RQ_LBY191_GA 468 720 LBY192 pQsFN_LBY192 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 10731, 11183, 469 859 10727, 11205 LBY193 pQFNc_LBY193 SOYBEAN Glycine max 11004, 10769, 470 860 11025, 10785 LBY194 pMA-RQ_LBY194_GA 471 723 LBY195 pQFNc_LBY195 SOYBEAN Glycine max 10925, 10717, 472 861 10925, 10717 LBY196 pMA_LBY196_GA 473 725 LBY197 pUC19c_LBY197 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10689, 10938, 474 726 10689, 10934 LBY199 pUC19g_LBY199 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11067, 11172, 475 862 11067, 11174 LBY20 TopoB_LBY20 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11149, 11163, 314 817 11063, 11173 LBY200 pQFNc_LBY200 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11045, 10779, 476 863 11056, 10857 LBY201 TopoB_LBY201 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10981, 10669, 477 864 11049, 10670 LBY202 pQFNc_LBY202 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11032, 10767, 478 865 11032, 10767 LBY203 pQFNc_LBY203 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10725, 11178, 479 866 10725, 11178 LBY204 pUC19c_LBY204 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10706, 10930, 480 732 10688, 10936 LBY205 pQFNc_LBY205 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11083, 10897, 481 867 11097, 10838 LBY206 pQFNc_LBY206 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11062, 11195, 482 868 11047, 11176 LBY207 pQFNc_LBY207 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10987, 10816, 483 869 11059, 10820 LBY208 pQFNc_LBY208 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11157, 10804, 484 736 11157, 10804 LBY209 pUC19g_LBY209 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10969, 10964, 485 870 11153, 10962 LBY21 pQFNc_LBY21 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11114, 10780, 315 557 11053, 10810 LBY210 pQFNc_LBY210 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 11123, 11192, 486 871 11050, 11192 LBY211 pQFNc_LBY211 SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus 10698, 11209, 487 872 10700, 11208 LBY212 pQFNc_LBY212 TOMATO Lycopersicum ND 11111, 10751, 488 873 11099, 10849 LBY213 pQFNc_LBY213 TOMATO Lycopersicum ND 11033, 10752, 489 874 10967, 10837 LBY214 pQFNc_LBY214 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 490 742 LBY216 pQFNc_LBY216 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 10957, 10783, 491 875 10951, 10892 LBY217 pQFNc_LBY217 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11152, 11170, 492 876 11079, 11167 LBY218 pQFNc_LBY218 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 10869, 10694, 493 877 10862, 10696 LBY219_ pMA- 507 761 H9 RQ_LBY219_H9_GA LBY22 pQFNc_LBY22 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 10989, 10745, 316 558 10984, 10876 LBY220 pMA-RQ_LBY220_GA 494 748 LBY221 pMA-RQ_LBY221_GA 495 749 LBY222 TopoB_LBY222 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 10970, 11161, 496 878 10970, 11187 LBY224 TopoB_LBY224 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 10733, 10732, 497 751 10726, 11206 LBY225 pUC19c_LBY225 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 10747, 10724, 498 879 10747, 10724 LBY227 pQFNc_LBY227 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11112, 10855, 499 753 10990, 10822 LBY228 pUC19c_LBY228 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11115, 10858, 500 880 11046, 10819 LBY23 pQFNc_LBY23 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 10961, 10823, 317 559 10944, 10824 LBY230 pQFNc_LBY230 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11075, 10742, 501 881 11042, 10844 LBY231 TopoB_LBY231 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11072, 10906, 502 882 11072, 10906 LBY232 pQsFN_LBY232 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11128, 11215, 503 883 11128, 11215 LBY233 pQFNc_LBY233 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11118, 10827, 504 758 11089, 10830 LBY24 pQFNc_LBY24 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11147, 11194, 318 818 11057, 11189 LBY25 pQFNc_LBY25 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11094, 10738, 319 561 11021, 10770 LBY26 pMK-RQ_LBY26_GA 320 562 LBY27_H4 pMA- 508 762 RQ_LBY27_H4_GA LBY28 pQFNc_LBY28 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11002, 10818, 321 819 11002, 10828 LBY29 pUC19c_LBY29 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 10850, 10679, 322 565 10905, 10714 LBY3 pQFNc_LBY3 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11058, 10758, 547 — 11080, 10909 LBY30 pUC19_LBY30 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11000, 10880, 323 566 11126, 10776 LBY31 pQFNc_LBY31 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11087, 10842, 324 820 11087, 10829 LBY32 pMA-RQ_LBY32_GA 325 568 LBY33 pQFNc_LBY33 BEAN Phaseolus vulgaris 10889, 10719, 326 821 10864, 10690 LBY34_H2 pMA- 509 763 RQ_LBY34_H2_GA LBY35 TopoB_LBY35 BEAN Phaseolus vulgaris 11141, 10903, 327 822 10972, 10806 LBY36 pUC19c_LBY36 BEAN Phaseolus vulgaris 11142, 10867, 328 823 11156, 10926 LBY37 pQFNc_LBY37 BRACHYPODIUM 10997, 11184, 329 573 Brachypodiums dis 11024, 11201 LBY4 pQsFN_LBY4 COTTON Gossypium ND 11068, 10796, 548 — 11068, 10796 LBY40 pMA-RQ_LBY40_GA 331 575 LBY41 pMA-RQ_LBY41_GA 332 576 LBY43 pQFNc_LBY43 CHLAMYDOMONAS 11055, 10761, 333 578 Chlamydomonas re 11137, 10834 LBY44 pMK-RQ_LBY44_GA 334 579 LBY45 pQFNc_LBY45 COTTON Gossypium ND 11065, 10846, 335 580 11065, 10846 LBY46 pQFNc_LBY46 COTTON Gossypium ND 336 824 LBY47 TopoB_LBY47 COTTON Gossypium ND 10713, 10927, 337 825 10709, 10929 LBY48 pQFNc_LBY48 COTTON Gossypium ND 11026, 10904, 338 826 11027, 10920 LBY49 pQFNc_LBY49 COTTON Gossypium ND 10759, 11207, 339 827 10872, 11207 LBY5 pQFNc_LBY5 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11077, 11211, 549 — 11124, 11211 LBY50 pUC19c_LBY50 COTTON Gossypium ND 11030, 10893, 340 828 11043, 10748 LBY51 pQFNc_LBY51 COTTON Gossypium ND 11039, 10900, 341 586 11143, 10762 LBY52 pQFNc_LBY52 COTTON Gossypium ND 11066, 11037, 342 829 11066, 11037 LBY53 pQFNc_LBY53 COTTON Gossypium ND 10896, 10702, 343 830 10896, 10702 LBY54 pUC19c_LBY54 COTTON Gossypium ND 11009, 10875, 344 589 11085, 10875 LBY55 TopoB_LBY55 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11102, 11213, 345 590 11102, 11213 LBY56 pQFNc_LBY56 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10807, 10720, 346 591 10807, 10720 LBY57 pQFNc_LBY57 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11098, 10753, 347 592 11052, 10921 LBY58 pQFNc_LBY58 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11113, 10746, 348 593 10983, 10839 LBY59 pMA_LBY59_GA 349 594 LBY6 pQFNc_LBY6 MAIZE Zea mays L. 10799, 10680, 550 — 10799, 10680 LBY61 pMA-RQ_LBY61_GA 350 595 LBY62 pQFNc_LBY62 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10995, 10854, 351 596 11096, 10831 LBY63 pUC19c_LBY63 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11040, 10802, 352 597 11040, 10885 LBY64 pQFNc_LBY64 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 353 598 LBY65 TopoB_LBY65 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10965, 10703, 354 599 10965, 10721 LBY66 pUC19c_LBY66 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10975, 10710, 355 600 10975, 10710 LBY68 pMA-RQ_LBY68_GA 356 602 LBY69 pQFNc_LBY69 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11081, 11198, 357 831 11131, 11179 LBY70 pQFNc_LBY70 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11132, 10674, 358 604 10999, 10676 LBY71 pUC19_LBY71 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11107, 11212, 359 605 11054, 11214 LBY72 pQFNc_LBY72 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11044, 10765, 360 832 11044, 10765 LBY73 pQFNc_LBY73 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10861, 10723, 361 607 10879, 10697 LBY74 pQFNc_LBY74 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11029, 11202, 362 833 11031, 11169 LBY75 TopoB_LBY75 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11074, 11186, 363 609 10988, 11203 LBY76 TopoB_LBY76 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11007, 10917, 364 610 11101, 10901 LBY77 pQFNc_LBY77 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11061, 10787, 365 611 11136, 10757 LBY78 TopoB_LBY78 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10992, 10797, 366 612 11020, 10826 LBY79 pQFNc_LBY79 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10971, 10908, 367 613 10971, 10908 LBY80 pQFNc_LBY80 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11084, 10890, 368 614 11051, 10793 LBY81 pQFNc_LBY81 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10805, 10933, 369 615 10805, 10939 LBY82 pQFNc_LBY82 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11010, 10955, 370 616 10985, 10954 LBY83 MA-RQ_LBY83_GA FOXTAIL Setaria italica 371 617 LBY84 pQFNc_LBY84 11008, 10882, 372 618 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11013, 10825 LBY85 pQFNc_LBY85 11071, 10914, 373 619 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11071, 10914 LBY86 pMA-RQ_LBY86_GA 374 620 LBY87 TopoB_LBY87 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11070, 10803, 375 621 11134, 10852 LBY88 pQFNc_LBY88 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10768, 10704, 376 622 10811, 10681 LBY89 pUC19_LBY89 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10980, 10773, 377 623 10980, 10773 LBY90 pQFNc_LBY90 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11016, 10848, 378 624 11073, 10832 LBY91 TopoB_LBY91 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10945, 10750, 379 625 10945, 10750 LBY92 pQFNc_LBY92 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 10668, 10683, 380 626 10678, 10701 LBY93 pQFNc_LBY93 COTTON Gossypium ND 11001, 11164, 381 834 10979, 11175 LBY94 TopoB_LBY94 COTTON Gossypium ND 10977, 10940, 382 835 11036, 10950 LBY95 pQFNc_LBY95 COTTON Gossypium ND 11138, 10673, 383 836 11138, 10673 LBY96 pUC19_LBY96 COTTON Gossypium ND 11060, 10790, 384 630 11060, 10913 LBY97 pQFNc_LBY97 COTTON Gossypium ND 10916, 10705, 385 837 10911, 10687 LBY98 pMA-T_LBY98_GA 386 632 LBY99 pMA-RQ_LBY99_GA 387 633 LGN1 pQFNc_LGN1 WHEAT Triticum aestivum L. 11291, 11313, 510 764 11292, 11309 LGN13 pUCsFN_LGN13 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11270, 11333, 518 772 11270, 11333 LGN14 pUC19c_LGN14 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11254, 11218, 519 773 11256, 11219 LGN17 pUCsFN_LGN17 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11279, 11315, 520 886 11282, 11331 LGN18 pUCsFN_LGN18 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11321, 11252, 521 887 11322, 11253 LGN2 pUCsFN_LGN2 SOYBEAN Glycine max 11303, 11245, 511 765 11304, 11236 LGN20 pUCsFN_LGN20 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11295, 11314, 522 888 11295, 11311 LGN23 pUCsFN_LGN23 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11275, 11246, 523 777 11275, 11246 LGN24 pUCsFN_LGN24 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11294, 11324, 524 889 11294, 11324 LGN26 pUCsFN_LGN26 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11306, 11310, 525 779 11271, 11307 LGN3 pUCsFN_LGN3 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11278, 11230, 512 766 11278, 11227 LGN33 pUCsFN_LGN33 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11247, 11327, 526 780 11247, 11327 LGN34 TopoB_LGN34 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11284, 11228, 527 890 11299, 11221 LGN35 pUC19c_LGN35 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11318, 11249, 528 782 11318, 11249 LGN36 pUCsFN_LGN36 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11281, 11261, 529 783 11281, 11261 LGN39 pQFNc_LGN39 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11264, 11250, 530 891 11264, 11250 LGN4 pUC19c_LGN4 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11268, 11222, 513 767 11273, 11232 LGN40 pUCsFN_LGN40 COTTON Gossypium hirsutum 11267, 11239, 531 785 11305, 11243 LGN41 pUCsFN_LGN41 BRACHYPODIUM 11269, 11244, 532 786 Brachypodiums dis 11283, 11329 LGN42 pQsFN_LGN42 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11280, 11229, 533 787 11301, 11226 LGN43 pUCsFN_LGN43 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11274, 11237, 534 788 11277, 11231 LGN44 pUCsFN_LGN44 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11276, 11326, 535 789 11286, 11334 LGN45 pUCsFN_LGN45 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11265, 11332, 536 892 11265, 11332 LGN46 TopoB_LGN46 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11298, 11312, 537 791 11287, 11308 LGN47 TopoB_LGN47 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11242, 11330, 538 893 11242, 11330 LGN48 pUC19c_LGN48 BARLEY Hordeum vulgare L. 11289, 11225, 539 793 11296, 11328 LGN49 pQFNc_LGN49 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11240, 11257, 540 894 11235, 11248 LGN5 pQFNc_LGN5 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11317, 11259, 514 768 11317, 11259 LGN52 pQsFN_LGN52 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11293, 11234, 541 795 11293, 11234 LGN54 pQFNc_LGN54 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11288, 11238, 542 796 11288, 11238 LGN57 pQFNc_LGN57 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11266, 11258, 543 895 11272, 11260 LGN6 pUCsFN_LGN6 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11262, 11220, 515 769 11263, 11217 LGN60 pUC19c_LGN60 FOXTAIL Setaria italica 11323, 11325, 544 798 11323, 11325 LGN61 pUCsFN_LGN61 MAIZE Zea mays L. 11290, 11223, 545 896 11297, 11224 LGN62_H2 TopoB_LGN62_H2 Foxtail millet 11320, 11285, 546 897 11320, 11285 LGN7 pUC19c_LGN7 SORGHUM Sorghum bicolor 11316, 11255, 516 770 11319, 11251 LGN9 pUCsFN_LGN9 RICE Oryza sativa L. 11300, 11241, 517 771 11302, 11233 LBY39 — 330 574 Table 233: Provided are the gene names, cluster names, organisms from which they were derived, and polynucleotide and polypeptide sequence identifiers of selected genes of some embodiments of the invention. “GA”—Gene Art (synthetically prepared gene sequence).

Example 26 Transforming Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Cells with Binary Vectors Harboring Putative Genes

Each of the binary vectors described in Example 25 above were used to transform Agrobacterium cells. Two additional binary constructs, having only the At6669 or the 35S promoter, or no additional promoter were used as negative controls.

The binary vectors were introduced to Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV301 or LB4404 (for Arabidopsis) or AGL1 (for Brachypodium) competent cells (about 10⁹ cells/mL) by electroporation. The electroporation was performed using a MicroPulser electroporator (Biorad), 0.2 cm cuvettes (Biorad) and EC-2 electroporation program (Biorad). The treated cells were cultured in LB liquid medium at 28° C. for 3 hours, then plated over LB agar supplemented with gentamycin (for Arabidopsis; 50 mg/L; for Agrobacterium strains GV301) or streptomycin (for Arabidopsis; 300 mg/L; for Agrobacterium strain LB4404); or with Carbenicillin (for Brachypodium; 50 mg/L) and kanamycin (for Arabidopsis and Brachypodium; 50 mg/L) at 28° C. for 48 hours. Agrobacterium colonies, which were developed on the selective media, were further analyzed by PCR using the primers designed to span the inserted sequence in the pPI plasmid. The resulting PCR products were isolated and sequenced to verify that the correct polynucleotide sequences of the invention are properly introduced to the Agrobacterium cells.

Example 27 Producing Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Expressing Selected Genes According to Some Embodiments of the Invention

Materials and Experimental Methods

Plant transformation—The Arabidopsis thaliana var Columbia (T₀ plants) were transformed according to the Floral Dip procedure [Clough S J, Bent A F. (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 16(6): 735-43; and Desfeux C, Clough S J, Bent A F. (2000) Female reproductive tissues were the primary targets of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by the Arabidopsis floral-dip method. Plant Physiol. 123(3): 895-904] with minor modifications. Briefly, Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Co10) T₀ plants were sown in 250 ml pots filled with wet peat-based growth mix. The pots were covered with aluminum foil and a plastic dome, kept at 4° C. for 3-4 days, then uncovered and incubated in a growth chamber at 18-24° C. under 16/8 hours light/dark cycles. The T₀ plants were ready for transformation six days before anthesis.

Single colonies of Agrobacterium carrying the binary vectors harboring the yield genes were cultured in LB medium supplemented with kanamycin (50 mg/L) and gentamycin (50 mg/L). The cultures were incubated at 28° C. for 48 hours under vigorous shaking and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes. The pellets comprising Agrobacterium cells were resuspended in a transformation medium which contained half-strength (2.15 g/L) Murashige-Skoog (Duchefa); 0.044 μM benzylamino purine (Sigma); 112 μg/L B5 Gambourg vitamins (Sigma); 5% sucrose; and 0.2 ml/L Silwet L-77 (OSI Specialists, CT) in double-distilled water, at pH of 5.7.

Transformation of T₀ plants was performed by inverting each plant into an Agrobacterium suspension such that the above ground plant tissue was submerged for 3-5 seconds. Each inoculated T₀ plant was immediately placed in a plastic tray, then covered with clear plastic dome to maintain humidity and was kept in the dark at room temperature for 18 hours to facilitate infection and transformation. Transformed (transgenic) plants were then uncovered and transferred to a greenhouse for recovery and maturation. The transgenic T₀ plants were grown in the greenhouse for 3-5 weeks until siliques were brown and dry, then seeds were harvested from plants and kept at room temperature until sowing.

For generating T₁ and T₂ transgenic plants harboring the genes, seeds collected from transgenic T₀ plants were surface-sterilized by soaking in 70% ethanol for 1 minute, followed by soaking in 5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.05% triton for 5 minutes. The surface-sterilized seeds were thoroughly washed in sterile distilled water then placed on culture plates containing half-strength Murashig-Skoog (Duchefa); 2% sucrose; 0.8% plant agar; 50 mM kanamycin; and 200 mM carbenicylin (Duchefa). The culture plates were incubated at 4° C. for 48 hours then transferred to a growth room at 25° C. for an additional week of incubation. Vital T₁ Arabidopsis plants were transferred to a fresh culture plates for another week of incubation. Following incubation the T₁ plants were removed from culture plates and planted in growth mix contained in 250 ml pots. The transgenic plants were allowed to grow in a greenhouse to maturity. Seeds harvested from T₁ plants were cultured and grown to maturity as T₂ plants under the same conditions as used for culturing and growing the T₁ plants.

Example 28 Transformation of Brachypodium Distachyon Plants with the Polynucleotides of the Invention

Similar to the Arabidopsis model plant, Brachypodium distachyon has several features that recommend it as a model plant for functional genomic studies, especially in the grasses. Traits that make it an ideal model include its small genome (˜160 Mbp for a diploid genome and 355 Mbp for a polyploidy genome), small physical stature, a short lifecycle, and few growth requirements. Brachypodium is related to the major cereal grain species but is understood to be more closely related to the Triticeae (wheat, barley) than to the other cereals. Brachypodium, with its polyploidy accessions, can serve as an ideal model for these grains (whose genomics size and complexity is a major barrier to biotechnological improvement).

Brachypodium distachyon embryogenic calli were transformed using the procedure described by Vogel and Hill (2008) [High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium distachyon inbred line Bd21-3. Plant Cell

Rep 27:471-478], Vain et al (2008) [Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon (genotypeBd21) for T-DNA insertional mutagenesis. Plant Biotechnology J 6: 236-245], and Vogel J, et al. (2006) [Agrobacterium mediated transformation and inbred line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Cell Tiss Org. Cult. 85:199-211], each of which is fully incorporated herein by reference, with some minor modifications, which are briefly summarized hereinbelow.

Callus initiation—Immature spikes (about 2 months after seeding) were harvested at the very beginning of seeds filling. Spikes were then husked and surface sterilized with 3% NaClO containing 0.1% Tween 20, shaken on a gyratory shaker at low speed for 20 minutes. Following three rinses with sterile distilled water, embryos were excised under a dissecting microscope in a laminar flow hood using fine forceps.

Excised embryos (size ˜0.3 mm, bell shaped) were placed on callus induction medium (CIM) [LS salts (Linsmaier, E. M. & Skoog, F. 1965. Physiol. Plantarum 18, 100) and vitamins plus 3% sucrose, 6 mg/L CuSO₄, 2.5 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, pH 5.8 and 0.25% phytagel (Sigma)] scutellar side down, 100 embryos on a plate, and incubated at 28° C. in the dark. One week later, the embryonic calli is cleaned from emerging roots, shoots and somatic calli, and was subcultured onto fresh CIM medium. During culture, yellowish embryogenic callus (EC) appeared and were further selected (e.g., picked and transferred) for further incubation in the same conditions for additional 2 weeks. Twenty-five pieces of sub-cultured calli were then separately placed on 90×15 mm petri plates, and incubated as before for three additional weeks.

Transformation—As described in Vogel and Hill (2008, Supra), Agrobacterium is scraped off 2-day-old MGL plates (plates with the MGL medium which contains: Tryptone 5 g/l, Yeast Extract 2.5 g/l, NaCl 5 g/l, D-Mannitol 5 g/l, MgSO₄*7H₂O 0.204 g/l, K₂HPO₄ 0.25 g/l, Glutamic Acid 1.2 g/l, Plant Agar 7.5 g/l) and resuspended in liquid MS medium supplemented with 200 μM acetosyringone to an optic density (OD) at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.6. Once the desired OD was attained, 1 ml of 10% Synperonic PE/F68 (Sigma) per 100 ml of inoculation medium is added.

To begin inoculation, 300 callus pieces were placed in approximately 12 plates (25 callus pieces in each plate) and covered with the Agrobacterium suspension (8-8.5 ml). The callus was incubated in the Agrobacterium suspension for 15 minutes with occasional gentle rocking. After incubation, the Agrobacterium suspension was aspirated off and the calli are then transferred into co-cultivation plates, prepared by placing a sterile 7-cm diameter filter paper in an empty 90×15 mm petri plate. The calli pieces were then gently distributed on the filter paper. One co-cultivation plate was used for two starting callus plates (50 initial calli pieces). The co-cultivation plates were then sealed with parafilm and incubated at 22° C. in the dark for 3 days.

The callus pieces were then individually transferred onto CIM medium as described above, which is further supplemented with 200 mg/l Ticarcillin (to kill the Agrobacterium) and Bialaphos (5 mg/L) (for selection of the transformed resistant embryogenic calli sections), and incubated at 28° C. in the dark for 14 days.

The calli pieces were then transferred to shoot induction media (SIM; LS salts and vitamins plus 3% Maltose monohydrate) supplemented with 200 mg/l Ticarcillin, Bialaphos (5 mg/L), Indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.25 mg/L), and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1 mg/L), and are sub-cultured in light to the same media after 10 days (total of 20 days). At each sub-culture all the pieces from a single callus are kept together to maintain their independence and are incubated under the following conditions: lighting to a level of 60 1E m-2 s-1, a 16-h light, 8-h dark photoperiod and a constant 24° C. temperature. Plantlets emerged from the transformed calli.

When plantlets were large enough to handle without damage, they were transferred to plates containing the above mentioned shoot induction media (SIM) without Bialaphos. Each plantlet was considered as a different event. The plantlets grew axillary tillers and eventually became bushy. Each bush from the same plant (event ID) was then divided to tissue culture boxes (“Humus”) containing “rooting medium” [MS basal salts, 3% sucrose, 3 g/L phytagel, 2 mg/l α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L IAA and Ticarcillin 200 mg/L, PH 5.8). All plants in a “Humus box” were different plants of the same transformation event.

When plantlets establish roots they were transplanted to soil and transferred to a greenhouse. To verify the transgenic status of plants containing the other constructs, T0 plants were subjected to PCR as previously described by Vogel et al. 2006 [Agrobacterium mediated transformation and inbred line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Cell Tiss Org. Cult. 85:199-211].

Example 29 Evaluation of Transgenic Arabidopsis for Seed Yield and Plant Growth Rate Under Normal Conditions in Greenhouse Assays (GH-SM Assays)

Assay 1: Seed Yield, Plant Biomass and Plant Growth Rate in Greenhouse Conditions (Seed Maturation Assay).

Under Normal conditions—This assay follows seed yield production, the biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse at non-limiting nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:2 ratio. The plant were grown under normal growth conditions which included irrigation of the trays with a solution containing 6 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements. Under normal conditions the plants grow in a controlled environment in a closed transgenic greenhouse, temperature about 18-22° C., humidity around 70%. Irrigation was done by flooding with a water solution containing 6 mM N (nitrogen) (as described hereinabove), and flooding was repeated whenever water loss reached 50%. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until mature seeds. Seeds were harvested, extracted and weighted. The remaining plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was also harvested, and weighted immediately or following drying in oven at 50° C. for 24 hours.

Under drought conditions and standard growth conditions—This assay follows seed yield production, the biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse under drought conditions and under standard growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in phytogel media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:2 ratio and tuff at the bottom of the tray and a net below the trays (in order to facilitate water drainage). Half of the plants were irrigated with tap water (standard growth conditions) when tray weight reached 50% of its field capacity. The other half of the plants were irrigated with tap water when tray weight reached 20% of its field capacity in order to induce drought stress. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until seeds maturation. Seeds were harvested, extracted and weighted. The remaining plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was also harvested, and weighted immediately or following drying in oven at 50° C. for 24 hours.

Under nitrogen limiting (low N) and standard (nitrogen non-limiting) conditions—This assay follows seed yield production, the biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse at limiting and non-limiting nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. The trays were irrigated with a solution containing nitrogen limiting conditions, which were achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 2.8 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO₃, supplemented with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels were achieved by applying a solution of 5.5 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of KNO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until mature seeds. Seeds were harvested, extracted and weight. The remaining plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was also harvested, and weighted immediately or following drying in oven at 50° C. for 24 hours.

Each construct was validated at its T₂ generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying a promoter and the selectable marker were used as control [The promoters which were used are described in Example 25 above, e.g., the At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654) or the 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10650]

The plants were analyzed for their overall size, growth rate, flowering, seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, dry matter and harvest index (HI-seed yield/dry matter). Transgenic plants performance was compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same (e.g., identical) conditions. Mock-transgenic plants expressing the uidA reporter gene (GUS-Intron) or with no gene at all, under the same promoter were used as controls.

The experiment was planned in nested randomized plot distribution. For each gene of the invention three to five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct.

Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) was used for capturing images of plant samples.

The image capturing process was repeated every 2 days starting from day 1 after transplanting till day 15. Same camera, placed in a custom made iron mount, was used for capturing images of larger plants sawn in white tubs in an environmental controlled greenhouse. The tubs were square shape include 1.7 liter trays. During the capture process, the tubs were placed beneath the iron mount, while avoiding direct sun light and casting of shadows.

An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at/rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images are captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Leaf analysis—Using the digital analysis leaves data was calculated, including leaf number, rosette area, rosette diameter, and leaf blade area.

Vegetative growth rate: the relative growth rate (RGR) of leaf number [Formula VIII (described above)], rosette area (Formula IX above), plot coverage (Formula XI above) and harvest index (Formula XV above) were calculated with the indicated formulas.

Seeds average weight—At the end of the experiment all seeds were collected. The seeds were scattered on a glass tray and a picture is taken. Using the digital analysis, the number of seeds in each sample was calculated.

Dry weight and seed yield—On about day 80 from sowing, the plants were harvested and left to dry at 30° C. in a drying chamber. The vegetative portion above ground was separated from the seeds. The total weight of the vegetative portion above ground and the seed weight of each plot were measured and divided by the number of plants.

Dry weight=total weight of the vegetative portion above ground (excluding roots) after drying at 30° C. in a drying chamber;

Seed yield per plant=total seed weight per plant (gr.).

1000 seed weight (the weight of 1000 seeds) (gr.).

Oil percentage in seeds—At the end of the experiment all seeds from each plot were collected. Seeds from 3 plots were mixed grounded and then mounted onto the extraction chamber. 210 ml of n-Hexane (Cat No. 080951 Biolab Ltd.) were used as the solvent. The extraction was performed for 30 hours at medium heat 50° C. Once the extraction has ended the n-Hexane was evaporated using the evaporator at 35° C. and vacuum conditions. The process was repeated twice. The information gained from the Soxhlet extractor (Soxhlet, F. Die gewichtsanalytische Bestimmung des Milchfettes, Polytechnisches J. (Dingler's) 1879, 232, 461) is used to create a calibration curve for the Low Resonance NMR. The content of oil of all seed samples was determined using the Low Resonance NMR (MARAN Ultra-Oxford Instrument) and its MultiQuant software package.

Silique length analysis—On day 50 from sowing, 30 siliques from different plants in each plot were sampled in block A. The chosen siliques were green-yellow in color and were collected from the bottom parts of a grown plant's stem. A digital photograph was taken to determine silique's length.

Statistical analyses—To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. Data was analyzed using Student's t-test and results were considered significant if the p value was less than 0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).

Tables 234-240 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants exogenously expressing the gene constructs using the seed maturation (GH-SM) assays under low nitrogen (Low N) conditions. The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 234 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Inflorescence Dry Weight [mg] Flowering Emergence Gene P- % P- % P- % Name Event # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN5  88198.1 884.2 0.27 2 46.0 0.14 −2 38.5 0.20 −1 LGN5  88198.4 — — — 45.2 0.03 −3 38.2 0.04 −2 LGN5  88201.1 — — — 47.1 L −1 38.9 L −2 LGN5  88201.3 947.9 0.27 10 46.3 0.29 −3 38.9 0.27 −2 CONT. — 864.8 — — 46.7 — — 38.9 — — LGN60 89175.1 — — — 47.4 0.10 −3 — — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 47.6 0.18 −2 — — — LGN60 89176.1 — — — 47.5 0.12 −2 — — — LGN60 89176.3 956.2 0.04 17 46.1 0.02 −5 38.4 0.03 −5 CONT. — 818.1 — — 48.7 — — 40.3 — — LGN49 89079.3 — — — 47.4 0.26 −1 — — — LGN49 89081.1 — — — 47.1 0.12 −2 39.0 0.29 −2 LGN49 89081.3 932.1 0.03 12 — — — — — — LGN49 89082.1 — — — 45.6 0.09 −5 38.2 0.08 −4 CONT. — 828.8 — — 47.0 — — 39.8 — — LGN54 88208.2 955.9 0.16 5 — — — — — — CONT. — 992.0 — — — — — — — — LGN2  89029.2 855.0 0.17 9 46.4 0.02 −3 — — — LGN2  89032.1 847.1 0.10 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 782.4 — — 48.0 — — — — — LGN5  88198.1 — — — 48.2 0.23 −1 40.2 0.23 −1 LGN5  88198.4 — — — 47.1 L −3 39.8 0.05 −2 LGN5  88201.3 802.7 0.09 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 793.1 — — 48.8 — — 40.4 — — LGN54 88206.1 — — — 47.3 0.27 −1 39.1 0.20 −2 CONT. — — — — 47.9 — — 39.8 — — LGN36 89045.1 — — — 47.2 0.26 −3 — — — LGN36 89047.1 590.4 0.13 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 539.6 — — 48.5 — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 570.4 0.02 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 513.8 — — — — — — — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — — — — 38.0 0.23 −4 NUE102 90004.3 — — — — — — 38.6 0.25 −3 NUE102 90005.2 — — — — — — 38.3 0.25 −3 CONT. — — — — — — — 39.7 — — LGN2  89029.2 — — — 43.3 0.02 −5 35.2 0.15 −5 LGN2  89032.3 — — — 44.9 0.19 −2 — — — LGN2  89033.1 795.0 0.17 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 738.8 — — 45.7 — — 37.1 — — NUE102 90004.3 849.6 0.25 5 — — — — — — CONT. — 805.8 — — — — — — — — LGN26 89036.1 720.8 0.29 6 — — — — — — LGN26 89036.4 774.9 0.24 14 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.2 854.6 0.01 26 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.4 844.2 L 24 — — — — — — CONT. — 680.3 — — — — — — — — LGN60 89174.2 — — — — — — 39.9 0.15 −1 LGN60 89175.1 — — — 47.6 0.21 −2 39.9 0.14 −1 LGN60 89176.3 1000.7 0.09 20 46.7 0.03 −4 39.7 0.05 −2 CONT. — 831.9 — — 48.4 — — 40.4 — — LGN26 89036.4 504.3 0.17 10 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.2 548.1 L 20 — — — 38.0 0.16 −3 LGN26 89037.3 514.6 0.06 13 — — — — — — CONT. — 457.2 — — — — — 39.1 — — LGN49 89079.3 712.4 0.29 10 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.3 739.2 0.28 14 48.8 0.09 −4 40.7 0.21 −4 LGN49 89081.6 710.4 0.25 10 48.0 0.03 −5 40.2 0.12 −5 LGN49 89082.1 — — — 49.3 0.16 −3 41.3 0.23 −1 CONT. — 647.8 — — 50.8 — — 42.2 — — Table 234. ″CONT.″—Control; ″Ave.″—Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″—p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 235 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Blade Area [cm²] Leaf Number Plot Coverage [cm²] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89044.1 0.482 0.02 10 10.0 L 4 27.0 0.13 10 LGN36 89047.1 0.461 0.08 5 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.440 — — 9.62 — — 24.5 — — LGN5  88198.1 — — — 10.8 0.21 5 — — — LGN5  88198.4 1.07 0.16 13 11.4 0.10 7 64.6 0.10 20 LGN5  88201.1 — — — — — — 52.1 0.23 3 LGN5  88201.3 1.06 0.28 11 12.4 0.01 16 66.9 0.19 24 CONT. — 0.949 — — 10.7 — — 54.0 — — LGN60 89174.2 — — — 10.4 0.07 3 — — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 10.4 0.13 3 46.8 0.24 9 LGN60 89176.1 0.879 0.09 10 — — — 48.6 0.13 13 LGN60 89176.3 0.938 0.01 18 10.7 0.04 4 53.0 0.02 23 CONT. — 0.795 — — 10.3 — — 43.0 — — LGN49 89081.1 0.888 0.09 5 — — — 51.1 0.09 7 LGN49 89081.3 0.998 0.28 8 10.9 0.02 6 59.8 0.09 14 LGN49 89081.6 1.01 0.13 20 11.1 0.08 9 60.8 0.29 16 LGN49 89082.1 0.963 0.03 14 — — — 56.9 0.22 8 CONT. — 0.925 — — 10.2 — — 52.5 — — LGN54 88207.3 — — — 10.7 0.22 6 — — — CONT. — — — — 10.1 — — — — — LGN2  89029.2 0.925 0.09 10 11.4 L 7 58.2 0.03 21 CONT. — 0.838 — — 10.6 — — 48.2 — — LGN5  88198.4 1.06 L 22 10.8 0.20 5 61.3 L 26 LGN5  88201.3 — — — 10.7 0.19 6 — — — LGN5  88203.2 0.932 0.24 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.870 — — 10.3 — — 48.5 — — LGN24 89094.2 0.677 L 33 10.0 0.18 5 37.7 L 35 LGN24 89094.3 0.573 0.14 13 — — — 31.8 0.13 14 LGN24 89096.1 0.553 0.22 9 10.0 0.24 4 30.8 0.21 10 LGN24 89096.2 — — — — — — 30.9 0.30 10 CONT. — 0.509 — — 9.59 — — 28.0 — — LGN54 88207.3 — — — 10.4 0.20 2 55.3 0.27 6 CONT. — — — — 10.2 — — 52.3 — — LGN36 89044.1 — — — — — — 30.5 0.22 5 LGN36 89047.2 — — — 10.4 0.13 2 — — — CONT. — — — — 10.2 — — 29.2 — — LGN6  89169.2 — — — 10.9 0.04 6 — — — LGN6  89170.1 — — — 11.0 0.05 6 — — — LGN6  89171.4 — — — 10.8 0.06 5 — — — CONT. — — — — 10.3 — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 0.768 0.01 21 — — — 42.7 L 21 CONT. — 0.634 — — — — — 35.4 — — NUE102 90003.5 — — — — — — 34.5 0.10 6 NUE102 90004.1 0.690 0.11 15 — — — 38.6 0.07 19 CONT. — 0.602 — — — — — 32.5 — — LGN2  89029.2 0.890 0.02 24 10.2 0.29 3 48.7 L 25 CONT. — 0.717 — — 9.84 — — 38.9 — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 10.3 0.01 4 51.7 0.28 12 LGN60 89176.3 0.924 L 9 10.6 0.06 6 53.6 0.10 13 CONT. — 0.886 — — 9.97 — — 47.4 — — LGN26 89036.1 0.581 0.27 4 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.557 — — — — — — — — LGN49 89081.3 0.886 0.29 6 — — — 49.1 0.27 9 LGN49 89081.6 0.970 0.06 16 — — — 53.5 0.06 19 CONT. — 0.838 — — — — — 44.9 — — Table 235. ″CONT.″—Control; ″Ave.″—Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″—p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 236 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Leaf Number RGR Of Plot Coverage RGR Of Rosette Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89044.1 0.664 0.21 12 3.00 0.16 9 0.192 0.30 3 CONT. — 0.592 — — 2.74 — — 0.185 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 7.16 0.13 18 0.341 0.19 9 LGN5 88201.1 — — — 5.87 0.25 3 — — — LGN5 88201.3 0.618 0.12 12 7.50 0.22 24 — — — CONT. — 0.551 — — 6.05 — — 0.322 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.641 L 16 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 0.596 0.13 8 5.30 0.30 9 — — — LGN60 89176.1 — — — 5.56 0.13 14 0.314 0.21 9 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 5.77 0.06 18 — — — CONT. — 0.551 — — 4.88 — — 0.289 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.566 0.05 20 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.1 — — — 5.68 0.09 8 0.308 0.03 7 LGN49 89081.3 — — — 6.45 0.15 12 0.311 0.10 8 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 6.64 0.19 27 0.335 0.16 16 LGN49 89082.1 — — — 6.29 0.24 9 0.317 0.11 10 CONT. — 0.471 — — 5.76 — — 0.310 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.619 0.12 21 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.3 0.637 0.11 25 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.510 — — — — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 0.719 0.14 10 6.87 0.03 22 0.361 0.04 11 CONT. — 0.652 — — 5.65 — — 0.325 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 6.99 0.01 28 0.354 0.02 14 LGN5 88203.2 — — — — — — 0.339 0.07 9 CONT. — — — — 5.48 — — 0.310 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 4.05 0.01 32 0.196 0.16 16 LGN24 89094.3 — — — 3.47 0.17 14 — — — LGN24 89096.1 — — — 3.34 0.30 9 — — — CONT. — — — — 3.06 — — 0.169 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.577 0.08 8 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.3 0.579 0.21 8 — — — — — — LGN54 88208.2 0.632 0.08 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.540 — — — — — — — — LGN36 89047.2 0.728 0.08 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.662 — — — — — — — — LGN6 89169.2 0.659 0.07 18 — — — — — — LGN6 89170.1 0.681 L 22 — — — — — — LGN6 89171.4 0.682 0.11 22 — — — — — — LGN6 89173.1 0.646 0.24 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.560 — — — — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 4.68 L 19 0.201 0.16 7 LGN24 89094.3 — — — — — — 0.197 0.27 5 LGN24 89096.2 — — — — — — 0.199 0.29 6 CONT. — — — — 3.93 — — 0.188 — — NUE102 90003.5 — — — 4.68 0.25 5 — — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — 5.29 0.11 18 0.341 0.30 4 CONT. — — — — 4.48 — — 0.328 — — LGN2 89029.2 — — — 6.80 L 27 0.414 L 18 LGN2 89029.7 0.820 0.11 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.774 — — 5.34 — — 0.352 — — LGN26 89037.4 0.707 0.29 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.658 — — — — — — — — LGN60 89174.2 — — — — — — 0.330 L 4 LGN60 89175.1 — — — — — — 0.335 0.10 6 LGN60 89175.2 — — — — — — 0.325 0.14 3 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 6.17 0.13 11 0.332 0.11 5 CONT. — — — — 5.54 — — 0.324 — — LGN49 89081.3 — — — 5.50 0.03 10 — — — LGN49 89081.6 — — — 5.95 0.10 18 0.321 0.25 4 CONT. — — — — 5.06 — — 0.312 — — Table 236. ″CONT.″—Control; ″Ave.″—Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 237 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Harvest Index Rosette Area [cm²] Rosette Diameter [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89044.1 0.0942 0.19 30 3.38 0.13 10 3.01 0.24 4 LGN36 89047.2 0.0979 0.16 35 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0725 — — 3.06 — — 2.90 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 8.08 0.10 20 4.80 0.15 8 LGN5 88201.1 — — — 6.51 0.23 3 — — — LGN5 88201.3 — — — 8.36 0.19 24 4.73 0.28 10 CONT. — — — — 6.75 — — 4.44 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.241 0.17 9 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.1 0.252 0.21 8 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 5.85 0.24 9 — — — LGN60 89176.1 — — — 6.07 0.13 13 4.27 0.11 8 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 6.62 0.02 23 4.38 0.04 10 CONT. — 0.233 — — 5.37 — — 3.97 — — LGN49 89081.1 — — — 6.39 0.11 6 4.35 0.07 3 LGN49 89081.3 — — — 7.48 0.09 14 4.61 0.24 5 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 7.60 0.29 16 4.81 0.22 9 LGN49 89082.1 0.211 0.08 28 7.12 0.22 8 4.56 0.08 8 CONT. — 0.164 — — 6.56 — — 4.41 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.188 L 48 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.3 0.162 0.16 27 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.128 — — — — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 0.148 0.12 15 7.28 0.03 21 4.52 0.01 11 CONT. — 0.129 — — 6.03 — — 4.09 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 7.66 L 26 4.82 L 14 LGN5 88203.2 — — — 6.29 0.22 7 4.54 0.07 8 CONT. — — — — 6.06 — — 4.22 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 4.71 L 35 3.48 0.02 16 LGN24 89094.3 — — — 3.98 0.13 14 3.20 0.17 6 LGN24 89096.1 — — — 3.85 0.21 10 3.15 0.26 5 LGN24 89096.2 — — — 3.86 0.30 10 — — — CONT. — — — — 3.50 — — 3.01 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.306 0.06 15 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.2 0.317 L 19 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.3 0.291 0.13 9 6.91 0.27 6 — — — LGN54 88208.2 0.297 0.20 12 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.266 — — 6.53 — — — — — LGN36 89044.1 — — — 3.82 0.22 5 — — — CONT. — — — — 3.65 — — — — — LGN6 89170.1 0.176 0.25 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.150 — — — — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 5.34 L 21 3.73 L 9 LGN24 89094.3 — — — — — — 3.49 0.24 2 LGN24 89096.1 0.154 0.08 13 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.136 — — 4.42 — — 3.41 — — NUE102 90003.5 — — — 4.32 0.10 6 — — — NUE102 90004.1 0.212 0.22 24 4.82 0.07 19 3.88 0.03 10 CONT. — 0.172 — — 4.06 — — 3.53 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.210 0.14 17 6.09 L 25 4.48 L 15 CONT. — 0.179 — — 4.86 — — 3.88 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.315 0.26 16 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.1 — — — — — — 4.38 0.03 3 LGN60 89175.2 — — — 6.46 0.28 12 4.45 0.25 5 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 6.70 0.10 13 4.47 0.12 5 CONT. — 0.286 — — 5.93 — — 4.25 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.209 0.11 17 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.1 0.207 0.23 16 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.3 — — — 6.14 0.27 9 4.34 0.23 4 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 6.69 0.06 19 4.61 0.05 10 CONT. — 0.179 — — 5.61 — — 4.19 — — Table 237. ″CONT.″—Control; ″Ave.″—Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 238 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Seed Yield [mg] 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Gene Event P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89044.1 62.9 0.19 36 — — — LGN36 89047.2 59.7 0.26 29 — — — CONT. — 46.4 — — — — — LGN5 88198.1 — — — 19.3 0.02 6 LGN5 88198.4 — — — 18.4 0.12 7 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 19.5 0.20 8 CONT. — — — — 18.2 — — LGN60 89174.2 — — — 17.4 0.26 4 LGN60 89175.1 213.2 0.03 12 18.3 0.02 10 LGN60 89175.2 — — — 18.8 0.13 13 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 22.3 L 34 CONT. — 189.9 — — 16.7 — — LGN49 89079.3 159.1 0.21 18 — — — LGN49 89081.3 162.5 0.23 20 21.1 0.05 12 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 19.7 0.28 5 LGN49 89082.1 168.7 0.05 25 — — — CONT. — 135.0 — — 18.8 — — LGN54 88206.1 160.7 0.08 27 — — — CONT. — 126.7 — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 126.4 L 26 — — — CONT. — 100.5 — — — — — LGN5 88198.1 — — — 21.0 L 8 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 21.5 0.03 11 CONT. — — — — 19.4 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 19.1 L 15 CONT. — — — — 16.5 — — LGN54 88206.1 — — — 20.9 0.18 3 CONT. — — — — 21.0 — — LGN6 89169.2 — — — 19.5 L 12 CONT. — — — — 17.4 — — LGN3 89069.5 — — — 15.9 0.19 7 LGN3 89072.3 — — — 16.0 0.19 8 LGN3 89072.4 — — — 15.5 0.09 4 LGN3 89073.1 — — — 16.6 0.11 12 CONT. — — — — 14.9 — — LGN24 89094.2 80.6 0.17 15 19.6 0.01 13 CONT. — 70.2 — — 17.3 — — NUE102 90004.1 158.1 0.20 22 — — — CONT. — 130.0 — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 164.6 0.21 25 — — — CONT. — 131.9 — — — — — LGN26 89037.3 — — — 18.7 L 12 CONT. — — — — 16.7 — — LGN60 89174.2 266.1 0.24 21 — — — LGN60 89176.3 249.7 0.17 14 22.9 0.02 16 CONT. — 237.7 — — 19.6 — — LGN26 89036.1 — — — 17.1 0.13 2 LGN26 89037.3 — — — 18.2 0.02 9 CONT. — — — — 16.7 — — LGN49 89079.3 148.3 0.11 27 — — — LGN49 89081.3 — — — 20.0 0.02 10 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 20.8 0.01 14 CONT. — 117.0 — — 18.3 — — Table 238. ″CONT.″—Control; ″Ave.″—Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 239 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LGN5 88198.1 19.3 0.02 6 LGN5 88198.4 18.4 0.12 7 LGN5 88201.3 19.5 0.20 8 CONT. — 18.2 — — LGN60 89174.2 17.4 0.26 4 LGN60 89175.1 18.3 0.02 10 LGN60 89175.2 18.8 0.13 13 LGN60 89176.3 22.3 L 34 CONT. — 16.7 — — LGN49 89081.3 21.1 0.05 12 LGN49 89081.6 19.7 0.28 5 CONT. — 18.8 — — LGN5 88198.1 21.0 L 8 LGN5 88201.3 21.5 0.03 11 CONT. — 19.4 — — LGN24 89094.2 19.1 L 15 CONT. — 16.5 — — LGN54 88206.1 20.9 0.18 3 CONT. — 21.0 — — LGN6 89169.2 19.5 L 12 CONT. — 17.4 — — LGN3 89069.5 15.9 0.19 7 LGN3 89072.3 16.0 0.19 8 LGN3 89072.4 15.5 0.09 4 LGN3 89073.1 16.6 0.11 12 CONT. — 14.9 — — LGN24 89094.2 19.6 0.01 13 CONT. — 17.3 — — LGN26 89037.3 18.7 L 12 CONT. — 16.7 — — LGN60 89176.3 22.9 0.02 16 CONT. — 19.6 — — LGN26 89036.1 17.1 0.13 2 LGN26 89037.3 18.2 0.02 9 CONT. — 16.7 — — LGN49 89081.3 20.0 0.02 10 LGN49 89081.6 20.8 0.01 14 CONT. — 18.3 — — Table 239. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 240 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Harvest Index Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LGN36 89044.1 0.0942 0.19 30 LGN36 89047.2 0.0979 0.16 35 CONT. — 0.0725 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.241 0.17 9 LGN60 89175.1 0.252 0.21 8 CONT. — 0.233 — — LGN49 89082.1 0.211 0.08 28 CONT. — 0.164 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.188 L 48 LGN54 88207.3 0.162 0.16 27 CONT. — 0.128 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.148 0.12 15 CONT. — 0.129 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.306 0.06 15 LGN54 88207.2 0.317 L 19 LGN54 88207.3 0.291 0.13 9 LGN54 88208.2 0.297 0.20 12 CONT. — 0.266 — — LGN6 89170.1 0.176 0.25 17 CONT. — 0.150 — — LGN24 89096.1 0.154 0.08 13 CONT. — 0.136 — — NUE102 90004.1 0.212 0.22 24 CONT. — 0.172 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.210 0.14 17 CONT. — 0.179 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.315 0.26 16 CONT. — 0.286 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.209 0.11 17 LGN49 89081.1 0.207 0.23 16 CONT. — 0.179 — — Table 240. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

Tables 241-247 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants exogenously expressing the gene constructs using the seed maturation (GH-SM) assays under normal conditions. The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 241 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Flowering Inflorescence Emergence Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89047.1 961.2 0.24 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 900.0 — — — — — — — — LBY96 92428.4 1608.1 L 21 — — — — — — LBY87 92256.1 1412.5 0.08 6 — — — — — — LBY30 92324.4 1400.0 0.13 5 35.6 0.02 −4 28.2 0.11 −2 LBY225 91605.3 — — — — — — 28.2 0.09 −2 LBY225 91607.3 — — — — — — 28.4 0.25 −2 LBY225 91607.5 — — — — — — 27.9 0.09 −3 LBY213 92030.2 1424.4 0.08 7 — — — — — — LBY213 92032.1 1378.8 0.27 4 — — — — — — LBY213 92032.4 1384.4 0.21 4 — — — — — — LBY212 92026.4 — — — — — — 27.9 0.21 −3 LBY212 92028.3 1395.1 0.20 5 — — — — — — LBY202 92021.1 — — — — — — 28.4 0.28 −2 LBY202 92022.3 1528.1 0.15 15 — — — — — — LBY193 91660.2 1409.4 0.08 6 — — — 27.7 0.28 −4 LBY193 91662.1 — — — — — — 28.3 0.14 −2 LBY182 92396.1 — — — — — — 28.3 0.18 −2 LBY174 92080.1 1435.6 0.14 8 — — — — — — LBY158 91649.1 — — — 35.9 0.04 −3 — — — LBY154 92432.3 1569.4 0.07 18 — — — — — — LBY146 91590.2 — — — 35.0 L −5 27.2 L −6 LBY146 91590.4 — — — — — — 27.9 0.03 −3 LBY146 91593.3 — — — 34.2 L −7 27.6 0.21 −4 LBY146 91594.1 — — — 35.9 0.04 −3 — — — LBY139 92241.2 — — — — — — 28.2 0.11 −2 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 35.8 0.05 −3 28.1 0.06 −3 LBY135 92322.1 1497.5 0.13 13 35.6 0.02 −3 28.2 0.11 −2 LBY113 92234.1 — — — 36.0 0.05 −2 28.3 0.18 −2 LBY113 92234.2 1429.4 0.04 7 35.9 0.04 −3 — — — LBY113 92234.5 — — — 35.7 0.02 −3 28.2 0.13 −2 CONT. — 1331.1 — — 36.9 — — 28.9 — — LGN5 88198.1 — — — 45.1 L −2 38.0 0.07 −1 LGN5 88198.4 — — — 44.8 L −3 38.0 0.07 −1 LGN5 88201.3 — — — — — — 38.0 0.07 −1 CONT. — — — — 45.1 — — 38.1 — — LBY97 92034.3 — — — 29.8 0.23 −1 22.0 0.14 −2 LBY87 92255.1 — — — 29.3 0.14 −3 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 28.9 0.30 −4 21.6 0.21 −4 LBY81 92013.1 — — — 30.0 0.29 −1 22.0 0.14 −2 LBY25 91335.3 — — — 29.1 0.24 −4 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY25 91338.2 — — — 29.6 0.01 −2 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY230 91667.1 — — — 30.0 0.29 −1 — — — LBY230 91669.3 — — — — — — 21.6 0.02 −4 LBY217 92359.2 — — — 29.3 0.14 −3 — — — LBY217 92362.1 — — — 29.8 0.23 −1 — — — LBY138 92075.2 — — — 28.8 0.02 −5 21.3 L −5 LBY138 92076.1 — — — 29.8 0.23 −1 — — — LBY138 92078.4 — — — 28.2 L −7 21.2 L −6 LBY136 91442.9 — — — — — — 21.2 L −6 LBY135 92321.6 — — — — — — 21.5 0.24 −4 LBY135 92322.1 — — — — — — 21.7 0.16 −4 LBY135 92323.1 — — — 30.0 0.29 −1 — — — LBY120 91211.2 — — — 29.1 0.24 −4 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY118 91432.3 — — — 28.2 L −7 21.4 0.03 −5 LBY117 91366.1 — — — — — — 21.5 0.02 −5 LBY117 91366.3 — — — 26.5 L −12 21.1 L −6 LBY112 92051.1 — — — 28.1 L −7 21.0 L −7 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 28.3 L −6 21.2 L −6 LBY112 92053.2 — — — — — — 21.7 0.16 −4 LBY112 92053.6 — — — — — — 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY108 91422.2 — — — 29.8 0.23 −1 — — — LBY108 91423.1 — — — 28.2 0.05 −7 21.1 L −6 LBY103 91381.11 — — — — — — 21.8 0.10 −3 LBY103 91381.6 — — — 28.7 0.08 −5 21.7 0.16 −4 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 28.1 0.11 −7 21.1 L −6 CONT. — — — — 30.2 — — 22.5 — — LBY79 92223.3 — — — — — — 18.7 0.14 −4 LBY72 92764.1 — — — 25.2 0.14 −2 — — — LBY72 92766.4 — — — — — — 18.4 0.03 −6 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 23.9 0.14 −7 18.2 L −7 LBY36 92526.2 — — — — — — 19.0 0.10 −3 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 24.9 0.03 −3 18.3 L −6 LBY32 92830.4 — — — — — — 19.0 0.10 −3 LBY32 92832.1 — — — — — — 18.8 0.08 −4 LBY30 92326.1 — — — 25.0 0.25 −2 18.4 0.03 −6 LBY233 92474.3 — — — 24.9 0.15 −3 — — — LBY233 92477.1 — — — 24.6 0.04 −4 18.3 0.06 −6 LBY233 92477.2 — — — 24.7 0.11 −4 — — — LBY233 92477.3 — — — — — — 18.2 L −7 LBY214 92760.3 — — — 25.2 0.12 −2 18.3 L −6 LBY204 92827.1 — — — — — — 18.6 0.01 −5 LBY204 92828.1 — — — 25.1 0.20 −2 — — — LBY187 92810.1 — — — — — — 18.5 L −5 LBY187 92812.1 — — — 24.8 0.04 −3 18.4 0.03 −6 LBY187 92812.3 — — — 25.3 0.28 −1 — — — LBY165 92678.1 — — — 25.3 0.20 −1 — — — LBY165 92678.3 — — — 24.2 0.02 −5 18.3 0.06 −6 LBY137 92751.1 — — — — — — 18.7 0.16 −4 LBY137 92752.1 — — — 25.0 0.11 −2 18.6 0.21 −5 LBY127 92748.2 — — — 24.6 0.15 −4 18.7 0.02 −4 LBY126 92834.3 — — — — — — 19.0 0.10 −3 LBY107 92284.1 — — — — — — 18.3 0.06 −6 CONT. — — — — 25.6 — — 19.5 — — LGN60 89174.2 1195.7 0.12 8 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 46.7 0.24 −3 38.0 0.09 −4 LGN60 89176.1 — — — — — — 38.4 0.18 −3 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 45.4 0.02 −6 38.0 0.09 −3 CONT. — 1109.1 — — 48.1 — — 39.4 — — LGN49 89079.3 1069.2 0.16 7 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.3 1158.3 0.03 16 — — — 38.1 0.02 −2 LGN49 89081.6 1117.9 0.09 12 45.1 0.12 −3 38.0 0.02 −2 LGN49 89082.1 — — — — — — 38.0 0.01 −2 CONT. — 998.2 — — 45.9 — — 38.2 — — LGN2 89029.2 — — — 46.9 0.08 −3 — — — LGN2 89032.3 1180.4 0.10 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 1090.4 — — 48.6 — — — — — LGN5 88198.1 — — — 45.2 0.02 −4 — — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 44.6 L −6 38.0 0.19 −0 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 46.3 0.25 −2 38.0 0.19 −0 CONT. — — — — 47.3 — — 38.1 — — LGN54 88207.2 1233.8 0.12 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 1082.6 — — — — — — — — LGN6 89169.2 — — — — — — 33.9 0.29 −2 CONT. — — — — — — — 34.7 — — LGN36 89044.1 1027.9 0.10 16 — — — — — — CONT. — 889.6 — — — — — — — — LBY79 92221.2 — — — 24.8 0.19 −6 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY72 92765.1 — — — 25.2 0.01 −5 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY72 92766.2 — — — 25.0 0.10 −6 — — — LBY72 92766.4 — — — 26.0 0.14 −2 — — — LBY36 92526.1 — — — — — — 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 25.1 0.20 −5 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 25.0 L −6 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY32 92830.4 — — — 25.7 0.16 −3 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY32 92832.1 — — — 25.4 L −4 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY32 92833.2 — — — 25.6 0.07 −3 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY26 92484.4 — — — 24.5 L −8 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY26 92484.5 — — — 24.7 0.04 −7 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY233 92474.3 — — — 24.2 L −9 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY233 92477.3 — — — 25.6 0.01 −3 — — — LBY233 92478.3 — — — 25.2 0.04 −5 — — — LBY214 92760.3 — — — 24.5 0.11 −7 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY214 92760.4 — — — 26.0 0.14 −2 — — — LBY210 92845.2 — — — 25.2 0.01 −5 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY210 92845.4 — — — 24.8 L −6 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY204 92826.1 — — — — — — 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY204 92827.1 — — — 25.8 0.12 −3 — — — LBY204 92828.1 — — — 25.2 0.25 −5 — — — LBY204 92828.3 — — — 26.2 0.29 −1 — — — LBY196 91300.1 — — — 25.6 0.07 −3 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY196 91303.2 — — — 25.0 L −6 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY187 92810.1 — — — 26.0 0.09 −2 — — — LBY187 92812.3 — — — 25.5 0.27 −4 — — — LBY187 92813.2 — — — 25.4 0.17 −4 19.1 0.08 −2 LBY154 92432.3 — — — 25.8 0.02 −3 — — — LBY154 92433.4 — — — 26.0 0.20 −2 — — — LBY137 92751.1 — — — 25.5 0.27 −4 — — — LBY137 92751.2 — — — 25.8 0.07 −2 — — — LBY137 92751.5 — — — 25.1 0.20 −5 — — — LBY126 92834.3 — — — 26.0 0.19 −2 — — — LBY126 92837.2 — — — 26.1 0.14 −1 — — — LBY126 92837.3 — — — 25.4 0.19 −4 — — — LBY126 92837.4 — — — 26.1 0.18 −1 — — — LBY126 92838.1 — — — 24.6 L −7 19.0 0.04 −2 LBY120 91214.1 — — — 25.6 0.04 −3 — — — LBY113 92234.2 — — — 26.1 0.20 −1 — — — CONT. — — — — 26.5 — — 19.4 — — LBY83 91332.2 — — — 47.2 0.11 −2 39.2 0.21 −2 LBY63 91325.2 1548.1 L 13 — — — — — — LBY51 90981.1 — — — 45.9 0.21 −5 37.6 L −6 LBY51 90981.4 1431.2 0.21 4 — — — — — — LBY48 90967.3 1446.9 0.07 5 47.2 0.11 −2 — — — LBY224 91528.4 — — — — — — 39.2 0.21 −2 LBY224 91529.1 — — — — — — 39.0 0.08 −2 LBY22 90962.4 1637.5 L 19 — — — — — — LBY196 91303.2 1430.0 0.28 4 — — — — — — LBY196 91304.2 1531.7 0.19 12 — — — — — — LBY188 91557.3 — — — 47.2 0.18 −3 — — — LBY150 91644.3 — — — — — — 39.0 0.08 −2 LBY134 91282.1 1711.3 L 25 46.0 0.11 −5 38.1 0.10 −5 LBY133 91138.1 1454.1 0.29 6 — — — — — — LBY132 91277.1 1473.8 0.23 7 — — — — — — LBY132 91279.3 — — — 46.7 0.03 −4 38.1 0.02 −5 LBY125 91273.3 — — — 47.3 0.10 −2 38.7 0.07 −3 LBY102 91262.1 1725.7 0.23 26 — — — — — — CONT. — 1371.8 — — 48.4 — — 39.9 — — NUE102 90003.5 1100.4 0.12 15 — — — — — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — 44.5 0.26 −3 34.8 0.02 −10 CONT. — 959.8 — — 46.1 — — 38.6 — — LGN24 89094.2 968.8 L 9 — — — — — — LGN24 89096.2 968.8 0.22 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 891.6 — — — — — — — — LBY91 91634.2 1431.9 0.20 12 34.5 0.16 −6 — — — LBY91 91634.3 — — — 35.5 0.04 −4 28.7 0.28 −2 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 35.5 0.04 −4 28.2 0.03 −4 LBY81 92013.1 — — — — — — 28.6 0.13 −2 LBY81 92013.2 1333.8 0.14 4 35.7 0.11 −3 27.9 0.01 −5 LBY77 92061.2 — — — — — — 28.6 0.30 −2 LBY77 92062.1 1360.6 0.04 6 35.5 0.04 −4 28.3 0.05 −3 LBY77 92063.6 1340.6 0.21 4 — — — — — — LBY54 92084.4 1389.4 0.28 8 — — — — — — LBY54 92087.3 — — — — — — 28.5 0.09 −3 LBY49 92039.4 — — — — — — 28.1 0.02 −4 LBY35 92123.1 — — — — — — 28.8 0.30 −2 LBY29 91619.1 — — — — — — 28.7 0.28 −2 LBY29 91619.2 — — — 35.8 0.10 −3 28.7 0.28 −2 LBY29 91619.5 — — — 35.2 0.02 −4 28.6 0.30 −2 LBY23 91396.3 1431.9 0.27 12 — — — 28.7 0.28 −2 LBY23 91397.2 — — — — — — 28.6 0.30 −2 LBY23 91398.2 1523.8 L 19 — — — — — — LBY174 92079.8 1411.2 0.29 10 — — — — — — LBY158 91647.3 — — — — — — 28.8 0.28 −2 LBY158 91649.1 1515.0 0.05 18 — — — — — — LBY146 91590.2 — — — 34.9 L −5 27.3 0.15 −7 LBY146 91590.4 — — — — — — 28.2 0.03 −4 LBY146 91593.3 1421.5 0.26 11 35.0 0.01 −5 26.9 0.13 −8 LBY138 92075.2 1474.4 L 15 — — — — — — LBY138 92076.1 — — — — — — 28.6 0.30 −2 LBY117 91366.3 1451.2 0.26 13 33.5 L −9 26.6 0.02 −9 LBY117 91367.1 1414.5 0.06 10 — — — — — — LBY117 91367.2 — — — — — — 28.6 0.13 −2 LBY115 92073.1 — — — 35.8 0.10 −3 28.5 0.09 −3 LBY112 92053.6 1483.1 0.03 16 — — — — — — LBY108 91422.2 — — — — — — 28.7 0.28 −2 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 34.7 L −6 28.1 0.02 −4 LBY108 91423.4 — — — — — — 28.3 0.10 −3 LBY108 91423.6 1372.5 0.25 7 — — — — — — LBY104 91269.5 1600.6 0.07 25 — — — — — — LBY103 91381.9 1390.0 0.27 8 — — — 28.8 0.30 −2 CONT. — 1283.2 — — 36.8 — — 29.3 — — LGN2 89029.2 — — — 41.8 0.03 −5 32.9 0.02 −4 CONT. — — — — 44.0 — — 34.3 — — LGN26 89037.4 1229.1 0.01 26 — — — — — — CONT. — 973.8 — — — — — — — — NUE102 90005.2 — — — 46.6 0.18 −2 36.8 0.19 −3 CONT. — — — — 47.7 — — 38.0 — — LGN60 89174.2 — — — 45.5 0.06 −2 38.2 0.11 −1 LGN60 89175.1 — — — 46.1 0.16 −3 38.0 L −2 LGN60 89175.2 1125.7 0.21 8 46.5 0.19 −2 — — — LGN60 89176.3 1192.9 0.05 14 45.1 0.01 −3 38.2 0.10 −1 CONT. — 1044.1 — — 46.5 — — 38.3 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — 36.5 0.29 −2 — — — LBY91 91633.1 — — — 36.5 0.16 −2 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 36.6 0.23 −2 — — — LBY54 92084.4 — — — 36.5 0.20 −2 — — — LBY54 92086.1 — — — 36.4 0.11 −3 — — — LBY35 92120.2 — — — 36.7 0.25 −2 — — — LBY29 91617.1 — — — 35.9 0.27 −4 27.6 0.13 −5 LBY25 91335.2 — — — — — — 28.6 0.23 −1 LBY230 91665.1 — — — 36.4 0.12 −3 — — — LBY230 91667.2 — — — 36.6 0.20 −2 — — — LBY230 91669.2 — — — 35.3 0.12 −6 — — — LBY225 91605.3 — — — 35.8 0.03 −4 — — — LBY225 91607.3 — — — 35.3 0.22 −6 — — — LBY225 91607.5 — — — 35.5 0.06 −5 27.1 0.10 −6 LBY225 91607.6 — — — 36.0 0.12 −4 28.0 L −3 LBY217 92363.1 — — — 36.5 0.20 −2 — — — LBY213 92033.1 — — — 35.8 0.20 −4 — — — LBY212 92024.3 — — — 36.2 0.10 −3 — — — LBY202 92022.1 — — — 36.1 0.06 −3 — — — LBY202 92022.2 — — — 36.6 0.20 −2 — — — LBY193 91660.2 — — — — — — 28.6 0.23 −1 LBY193 91664.5 — — — 36.6 0.21 −2 — — — LBY182 92398.3 — — — 36.5 0.17 −2 — — — LBY136 91442.9 — — — 36.5 0.15 −2 — — — LBY118 91432.5 — — — 36.4 0.12 −3 — — — LBY118 91434.4 — — — 36.7 0.25 −2 — — — CONT. — — — — 37.4 — — 28.9 — — LGN49 89081.1 1065.0 0.09 8 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.3 1162.9 0.20 9 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.6 1095.8 0.05 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 1065.3 — — — — — — — — Table 241. ″CONT.″ = Control; ″Ave.″ = Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″ = p-value, L = p < 0.01. It should be noted that a negative increment (in percentages) when found in flowering or inflorescence emergence indicates drought avoidance of the plant.

TABLE 242 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Blade Area [cm²] Leaf Number Plot Coverage [cm²] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY30 92324.4 1.06 L 17 11.5 0.13 10 68.6 L 29 LBY30 92326.2 0.962 0.18 7 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.5 0.971 0.12 8 — — — 60.3 0.22 14 LBY225 91607.6 — — — 11.1 0.11 6 — — — LBY193 91662.1 0.969 0.25 8 — — — 58.9 0.08 11 LBY174 92079.1 0.973 0.16 8 — — — — — — LBY158 91649.1 1.04 0.15 16 — — — 63.3 0.05 19 LBY146 91590.4 0.985 0.14 9 — — — — — — LBY139 92241.2 1.04 L 15 — — — 64.0 0.02 21 LBY135 92321.1 — — — 11.1 0.11 6 58.9 0.28 11 LBY135 92321.6 1.08 0.19 20 11.1 0.11 6 68.3 0.27 29 LBY113 92234.1 0.963 0.14 7 — — — — — — LBY113 92234.5 1.01 0.22 13 — — — — — — LBY113 92234.6 — — — — — — 57.3 0.29 8 CONT. — 0.900 — — 10.4 — — 53.0 — — LGN5 88198.1 1.00 0.05 9 — — — — — — LGN5 88198.4 1.08 0.09 7 11.8 0.02 6 65.2 0.07 10 LGN5 88201.3 1.07 0.09 16 12.2 0.18 9 69.2 0.15 17 CONT. — 1.01 — — 11.1 — — 59.3 — — LBY97 92034.3 1.03 0.04 11 11.1 0.24 12 66.5 0.01 26 LBY97 92038.2 — — — 10.6 L 7 — — — LBY87 92255.1 1.16 L 25 11.1 0.10 12 73.2 L 38 LBY87 92257.1 — — — 10.6 0.30 7 — — — LBY81 92009.1 1.15 L 24 — — — 68.3 0.15 29 LBY55 92419.1 — — — 10.2 0.16 3 — — — LBY25 91337.1 — — — 10.1 0.20 2 — — — LBY230 91669.3 0.991 0.16 7 — — — — — — LBY217 92362.1 0.985 0.21 6 10.5 0.23 6 58.1 0.10 10 LBY138 92076.1 — — — 10.4 0.10 5 — — — LBY138 92078.1 0.987 0.18 6 10.1 0.29 2 56.9 0.17 8 LBY138 92078.4 1.12 L 21 10.9 0.03 10 70.5 L 34 LBY136 91442.9 1.10 L 18 10.4 L 5 63.9 0.02 21 LBY135 92321.6 1.15 0.15 24 10.2 0.04 3 67.7 0.09 28 LBY120 91210.2 1.04 0.18 13 — — — — — — LBY120 91211.2 — — — 10.8 0.09 9 — — — LBY118 91432.3 1.19 L 28 11.4 0.11 15 71.7 L 36 LBY118 91433.1 — — — 10.8 0.16 8 — — — LBY118 91434.5 1.13 0.03 22 — — — 64.5 0.01 22 LBY117 91366.3 — — — 10.6 0.14 7 58.9 0.20 11 LBY115 92073.5 1.07 0.01 16 10.6 L 7 64.3 0.03 22 LBY112 92051.1 1.29 L 39 11.4 0.15 15 79.1 0.09 50 LBY112 92051.3 1.08 L 16 11.4 0.01 15 67.9 L 29 LBY112 92053.2 — — — 10.2 0.16 3 — — — LBY112 92053.6 1.10 L 19 — — — 62.5 0.04 18 LBY108 91422.2 — — — 10.1 0.19 2 — — — LBY108 91423.1 — — — 10.1 0.29 2 57.2 0.15 8 LBY108 91423.4 1.27 L 37 11.2 0.27 14 78.0 0.10 48 LBY103 91381.11 1.03 0.05 12 — — — — — — LBY103 91381.3 0.994 0.14 7 10.1 0.29 2 59.4 0.08 13 LBY103 91381.6 1.07 0.29 15 — — — — — — LBY103 91381.9 1.08 L 16 11.4 0.15 15 69.8 L 32 CONT. — 0.927 — — 9.91 — — 52.8 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 11.8 0.12 4 — — — LBY79 92221.2 — — — — — — 87.8 0.22 12 LBY72 92764.1 1.46 0.04 8 12.7 0.08 12 88.8 0.19 13 LBY72 92765.3 — — — 12.3 0.13 9 84.0 0.06 7 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 12.4 0.07 9 88.2 0.09 12 LBY36 92526.1 1.56 0.20 15 12.2 0.08 8 97.9 L 24 LBY32 92830.3 1.59 0.21 17 — — — — — — LBY30 92326.1 1.48 L 9 11.6 0.18 3 88.2 L 12 LBY233 92477.1 1.49 0.06 10 12.1 0.11 7 93.5 0.20 19 LBY233 92477.2 1.55 L 14 11.8 0.07 4 93.7 L 19 LBY214 92760.1 — — — 11.8 0.16 4 — — — LBY214 92760.3 — — — 12.0 0.15 6 83.6 0.07 6 LBY214 92760.4 1.50 0.11 10 — — — — — — LBY210 92845.2 — — — 11.9 0.03 5 — — — LBY210 92846.2 1.44 0.17 6 12.0 0.03 6 — — — LBY204 92827.1 1.66 0.17 22 — — — 102.6 0.26 30 LBY204 92828.3 1.65 L 22 12.6 0.01 11 101.7 0.02 29 LBY165 92677.7 1.42 0.08 5 — — — — — — LBY165 92678.3 1.53 0.19 13 — — — 89.7 L 14 LBY137 92750.1 1.49 0.26 10 — — — — — — LBY137 92752.1 1.60 0.12 18 — — — 92.6 L 18 LBY126 92834.3 — — — — — — 88.2 L 12 LBY126 92837.4 — — — 12.0 0.29 6 — — — LBY126 92838.1 — — — 11.8 0.16 4 — — — LBY110 91176.6 1.41 0.29 4 — — — — — — LBY110 91179.2 1.50 L 10 11.9 0.03 5 90.0 L 14 LBY107 92285.2 1.41 0.15 4 11.7 0.27 3 85.0 0.07 8 CONT. — 1.36 — — 11.3 — — 78.6 — — LGN60 89175.1 0.844 0.09 7 10.2 0.25 1 49.5 0.02 15 LGN60 89175.2 0.869 0.18 10 — — — 50.0 0.12 16 LGN60 89176.1 0.834 0.14 6 — — — 46.7 0.12 8 LGN60 89176.3 0.896 0.07 13 10.8 0.12 5 55.1 0.04 28 CONT. — 0.790 — — 10.2 — — 43.2 — — LGN49 89081.1 0.959 0.29 10 11.1 0.26 5 58.9 0.23 18 LGN49 89081.3 0.980 0.21 13 11.4 0.29 8 61.6 0.17 23 LGN49 89081.6 1.05 0.27 10 12.2 L 15 66.4 0.12 22 CONT. — 0.953 — — 10.6 — — 54.4 — — LGN2 89029.2 1.04 0.22 5 11.8 0.02 7 68.1 0.04 13 CONT. — 0.986 — — 11.0 — — 60.1 — — LGN5 88198.4 1.11 L 18 10.9 0.03 8 67.2 L 28 LGN5 88201.3 1.02 0.09 9 11.0 0.10 9 63.0 0.03 20 LGN5 88203.2 — — — — — — 57.8 0.25 10 CONT. — 0.935 — — 10.1 — — 52.4 — — LGN24 89094.2 0.967 L 26 10.4 0.24 5 58.2 L 26 CONT. — 0.769 — — 9.91 — — 46.2 — — LGN6 89169.2 — — — 11.5 0.01 10 — — — CONT. — — — — 10.5 — — — — — LBY79 92221.3 — — — 11.9 0.17 5 87.7 0.29 15 LBY72 92764.1 1.64 L 27 12.2 0.25 7 97.2 0.10 27 LBY72 92765.1 1.67 L 30 — — — 102.8 0.15 34 LBY72 92766.4 1.44 0.06 12 11.8 0.20 4 88.3 0.09 15 LBY36 92526.1 1.40 L 8 — — — 85.6 0.22 12 LBY32 92830.1 1.56 L 21 12.1 0.20 6 98.1 0.11 28 LBY32 92830.3 1.48 L 15 11.8 0.26 4 93.1 0.09 22 LBY32 92832.1 1.39 0.24 8 — — — 85.4 0.10 12 LBY32 92833.2 1.42 0.05 10 — — — — — — LBY26 92484.4 1.67 0.10 29 12.2 0.03 8 102.0 0.04 33 LBY26 92484.5 1.37 0.07 7 — — — 81.0 0.01 6 LBY26 92488.1 1.41 0.20 10 — — — 86.4 0.02 13 LBY233 92477.1 1.35 0.01 5 12.0 0.17 6 81.4 0.30 6 LBY233 92478.3 — — — 12.2 0.15 7 — — — LBY214 92760.1 1.44 0.11 11 — — — 90.0 0.01 18 LBY214 92760.3 1.47 0.27 14 — — — — — — LBY210 92845.2 1.47 0.17 14 — — — — — — LBY210 92845.4 1.43 0.14 11 — — — 82.8 L 8 LBY210 92846.2 1.41 0.03 10 — — — 80.4 0.20 5 LBY204 92826.1 — — — 12.1 0.10 6 — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — — — — 86.5 L 13 LBY204 92828.1 1.41 0.03 10 — — — — — — LBY204 92828.3 — — — — — — 85.2 0.27 11 LBY196 91303.2 1.60 0.02 24 — — — 100.2 0.21 31 LBY187 92809.2 1.49 0.27 16 12.7 0.01 12 92.5 0.20 21 LBY187 92812.3 1.42 0.19 10 12.2 0.28 8 88.2 0.23 15 LBY154 92432.1 — — — 11.8 0.20 4 — — — LBY154 92432.3 — — — 12.1 0.10 6 — — — LBY126 92837.3 1.37 0.17 7 — — — 82.6 0.17 8 LBY126 92837.4 — — — 12.6 0.02 11 79.9 0.11 4 LBY126 92838.1 — — — 12.5 0.01 10 83.6 0.23 9 LBY120 91210.2 1.34 0.24 4 — — — 77.9 0.29 2 LBY120 91214.1 — — — 12.5 0.01 10 84.8 0.24 11 LBY113 92234.2 — — — 11.8 0.26 4 — — — LBY113 92235.2 1.33 L 3 — — — — — — LBY107 92284.3 1.38 0.28 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 1.29 — — 11.4 — — 76.4 — — LBY83 91330.1 0.730 0.03 13 — — — 42.7 0.10 12 LBY83 91330.2 0.816 0.15 26 — — — 51.8 0.06 36 LBY83 91332.1 0.726 0.10 12 — — — 44.0 0.03 15 LBY83 91332.2 0.706 0.09 9 — — — — — — LBY63 91326.1 — — — 10.2 0.17 2 — — — LBY51 90981.1 — — — — — — 42.2 0.09 11 LBY48 90968.1 0.764 0.01 18 — — — 45.2 0.01 19 LBY48 90968.2 0.750 0.10 16 — — — 43.5 0.07 14 LBY224 91527.4 — — — — — — 43.4 0.29 14 LBY224 91528.3 0.686 0.22 6 — — — — — — LBY224 91529.1 0.725 0.25 12 10.4 0.15 3 43.8 0.11 15 LBY22 90961.2 — — — — — — 43.3 0.17 14 LBY22 90965.5 0.734 0.29 14 — — — 43.6 0.10 14 LBY196 91300.1 0.708 0.07 9 — — — 43.3 0.04 14 LBY196 91303.2 0.774 0.02 20 — — — 45.2 0.29 19 LBY150 91644.3 0.787 L 22 10.7 0.09 6 47.9 L 26 LBY133 91139.4 0.788 0.10 22 11.1 0.23 10 49.3 0.05 29 LBY132 91277.1 0.847 L 31 — — — 52.6 0.20 38 LBY132 91279.3 0.881 L 36 11.0 L 9 54.9 0.03 44 LBY125 91273.2 — — — 10.2 0.17 2 — — — LBY125 91273.3 0.826 0.08 28 — — — 51.3 0.10 35 LBY102 91262.1 0.699 0.21 8 — — — 42.6 0.17 12 CONT. — 0.647 — — 10.0 — — 38.1 — — NUE102 90003.5 0.824 0.05 11 — — — 49.1 0.15 15 NUE102 90004.1 0.785 0.21 6 — — — 47.2 0.27 11 CONT. — 0.741 — — — — — 42.7 — — LGN24 89094.2 0.991 0.02 14 11.0 0.14 5 64.8 0.04 19 LGN24 89094.3 0.922 0.18 6 11.1 0.10 7 60.2 0.16 11 LGN24 89096.2 — — — 11.0 0.19 5 — — — CONT. — 0.867 — — 10.4 — — 54.4 — — LBY91 91634.2 1.53 0.27 9 — — — — — — LBY91 91634.3 1.59 0.06 14 — — — 99.8 0.16 13 LBY81 92013.1 1.60 0.28 14 — — — — — — LBY81 92013.2 1.68 0.21 20 — — — 108.0 0.06 22 LBY77 92061.2 1.70 0.01 21 12.6 0.20 4 113.9 0.01 29 LBY77 92062.1 1.87 L 33 — — — 116.5 L 32 LBY49 92039.4 1.59 0.20 14 — — — 98.2 0.25 11 LBY35 92119.2 1.50 0.29 7 — — — — — — LBY35 92123.2 1.55 0.12 11 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.1 1.53 0.17 9 — — — 99.6 0.17 13 LBY29 91619.5 1.64 0.02 17 — — — 102.5 0.14 16 LBY23 91396.3 1.61 0.09 15 — — — 103.4 0.22 17 LBY23 91397.2 1.50 0.29 7 — — — — — — LBY23 91398.2 1.53 0.29 9 — — — — — — LBY174 92079.1 1.56 0.11 11 — — — 101.6 0.19 15 LBY174 92080.1 1.54 0.14 10 — — — 97.2 0.30 10 LBY158 91647.3 — — — 13.2 0.04 9 100.9 0.24 14 LBY158 91649.1 1.60 0.08 14 — — — 104.8 0.26 19 LBY146 91593.3 1.59 0.06 13 — — — 107.4 0.05 21 LBY138 92075.2 — — — — — — 97.2 0.28 10 LBY138 92076.1 1.54 0.16 10 — — — — — — LBY117 91366.3 1.55 0.11 11 — — — — — — LBY115 92071.2 1.53 0.18 9 — — — — — — LBY115 92071.3 1.53 0.30 9 — — — — — — LBY115 92073.1 1.58 0.07 13 — — — 101.3 0.12 15 LBY112 92051.3 1.70 0.27 22 — — — — — — LBY108 91422.2 1.58 0.07 13 — — — 100.1 0.15 13 LBY108 91423.1 1.73 0.19 24 — — — 107.3 0.05 21 LBY104 91267.4 — — — 12.6 0.20 4 — — — LBY104 91269.2 1.61 0.30 15 — — — 100.8 0.28 14 LBY103 91381.8 — — — 12.6 0.24 3 — — — CONT. — 1.40 — — 12.1 — — 88.4 — — LGN2 89029.2 1.05 L 31 11.0 0.05 13 67.7 L 46 LGN2 89032.3 0.891 0.06 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.799 — — 9.72 — — 46.4 — — LGN26 89037.4 — — — 9.83 0.16 5 — — — CONT. — — — — 9.38 — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 0.923 0.23 6 10.5 0.04 4 52.7 0.05 8 LGN60 89176.3 0.999 0.01 15 11.0 L 9 60.3 0.08 11 CONT. — 0.956 — — 10.7 — — 48.7 — — LBY77 92062.1 1.04 0.24 11 — — — 65.4 0.19 11 LBY54 92084.4 1.19 L 28 12.7 0.02 16 84.4 L 43 LBY54 92086.1 1.03 0.17 10 11.4 0.30 4 66.7 0.11 13 LBY29 91617.1 1.13 0.01 21 11.8 0.07 7 75.6 L 28 LBY29 91619.1 1.02 0.19 9 — — — — — — LBY25 91335.2 1.09 L 17 12.6 L 15 82.1 L 39 LBY230 91669.2 — — — 12.1 0.27 11 — — — LBY23 91397.3 1.09 0.06 16 12.1 0.16 10 76.8 0.07 30 LBY225 91605.3 1.05 0.02 13 12.2 L 12 74.2 0.03 26 LBY225 91607.3 — — — 12.4 L 13 82.9 0.30 41 LBY225 91607.5 1.15 0.25 24 11.8 0.05 8 77.2 L 31 LBY217 92363.1 1.02 0.07 9 11.5 0.19 5 64.5 0.23 9 LBY213 92033.1 1.15 0.03 23 12.4 L 13 79.3 0.06 35 LBY212 92024.2 1.03 0.19 10 — — — — — — LBY212 92024.3 1.08 0.03 16 12.1 0.02 11 71.6 0.03 21 LBY202 92022.1 0.997 0.17 7 12.2 0.03 12 69.6 0.04 18 LBY182 92396.1 — — — 12.2 0.06 11 70.5 0.28 20 LBY136 91442.6 1.08 0.04 16 12.1 0.03 10 71.9 0.03 22 LBY136 91442.9 1.09 0.14 17 11.8 0.14 8 74.2 0.13 26 CONT. — 0.933 — — 11.0 — — 59.0 — — LGN49 89081.3 — — — 10.6 0.13 8 — — — LGN49 89081.6 1.05 0.27 12 10.7 0.12 9 61.2 0.08 19 CONT. — 0.967 — — 9.78 — — 51.4 — — Table 242. ″CONT.″ = Control; ″Ave.″ = Average; ″% Incr.″ = % increment; ″p-val.″ = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 243 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Leaf RGR Of Rosette Number RGR Of Plot Coverage Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN36 89046.1 — — — — — — 0.279 0.23  6 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.262 — — LBY30 92324.4 — — — 7.84 0.14 26 — — — LBY158 91649.1 — — — 7.43 0.26 19 — — — LBY139 92241.2 — — — 7.52 0.22 20 — — — LBY135 92321.6 — — — 7.91 0.14 27 0.407 0.28 14 CONT. — — — — 6.24 — — 0.357 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 7.27 0.06  9 0.376 L  9 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 7.60 0.24 14 — — — CONT. — — — — 6.67 — — 0.346 — — LBY97 92034.3 — — — 8.74 0.05 27 0.463 0.26 10 LBY87 92255.1 — — — 9.54 L 38 0.472 0.16 12 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 8.84 0.05 28 0.474 0.14 12 LBY138 92078.4 — — — 9.22 0.02 34 0.468 0.19 11 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 8.31 0.12 21 0.466 0.22 10 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 8.87 0.04 29 0.478 0.13 13 LBY135 92323.1 — — — — — — 0.492 0.10 16 LBY118 91432.3 0.814 0.10 25 9.37 0.01 36 0.478 0.11 13 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 8.32 0.12 21 — — — LBY151 92073.5 — — — 8.35 0.12 21 — — — LBY112 92051.1 0.797 0.13 22 10.3 L 50 0.513 0.02 21 LBY112 92051.3 0.808 0.10 24 8.79 0.05 28 0.469 0.19 11 LBY112 92053.6 — — — 8.16 0.18 18 — — — LBY108 91423.4 — — — 10.2 L 48 0.512 0.02 21 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 9.08 0.02 32 0.460 0.28  9 CONT. — 0.651 — — 6.89 — — 0.423 — — LBY72 92766.4 — — — — — — 0.485 0.28  6 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 9.97 0.05 24 0.513 0.03 12 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 9.26 0.22 15 0.510 0.04 11 LBY32 92833.2 — — — 9.30 0.20 16 0.508 0.09 11 LBY30 92326.1 — — — 9.06 0.29 13 0.497 0.13  9 LBY233 92477.1 — — — 9.56 0.12 19 0.497 0.12  8 LBY233 92477.2 — — — 9.47 0.16 18 0.510 0.05 11 LBY214 92760.3 — — — — — — 0.485 0.29  6 LBY210 92846.2 0.700 0.13 14 — — — — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — 10.6 0.02 32 0.522 0.02 14 LBY204 92828.1 — — — — — — 0.491 0.18  7 LBY204 92828.3 — — — 10.2 0.04 27 0.499 0.10  9 LBY187 92809.2 — — — 9.65 0.12 20 0.494 0.24  8 LBY165 92678.3 — — — 9.09 0.27 13 0.493 0.16  8 LBY137 92752.1 — — — 9.58 0.11 19 0.504 0.07 10 LBY110 91177.3 — — — 9.19 0.26 15 0.502 0.12 10 LBY110 91179.2 — — — 9.10 0.27 13 0.495 0.16  8 CONT. — 0.614 — — 8.02 — — 0.458 — — LGN60 89175.1 — — — 5.76 L 18 0.331 L 10 LGN60 89175.2 — — — 5.70 0.10 17 0.315 0.28  4 LGN60 89176.1 — — — 5.37 0.06 10 — — — LGN60 89176.3 — — — 6.20 0.06 27 0.330 0.17 9 CONT. — — — — 4.89 — — 0.302 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.553 0.13  8 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.1 — — — 6.49 0.19 20 0.325 0.18  6 LGN49 89081.3 — — — 6.74 0.19 24 — — — LGN49 89081.6 0.619 0.14 28 7.32 0.14 24 0.369 0.20 15 CONT. — 0.485 — — 5.93 — — 0.321 — — LGN54 88207.3 0.597 0.21 10 — — — — — — LGN54 88208.2 0.567 0.07  8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.542 — — — — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 0.709 0.25  8 7.96 0.03 13 0.407 L 10 CONT. — 0.659 — — 7.04 — — 0.369 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 7.61 0.01 25 0.386 0.12  6 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 7.22 0.05 19 0.363 0.29  4 LGN5 88203.2 — — — 6.60 0.29  9 — — — CONT. — — — — 6.07 — — 0.365 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 6.80 0.02 26 0.328 0.03 14 LGN24 89096.1 — — — — — — 0.311 0.10  8 CONT. — — — — 5.40 — — 0.288 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.568 0.29 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.514 — — — — — — — — LGN6 89170.1 0.686 0.27  6 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.647 — — — — — — — — LBY79 92221.3 — — — 10.9 0.18 15 — — — LBY72 92764.1 — — — 11.9 0.03 24 0.540 0.05 11 LBY72 92765.1 — — — 12.7 L 33 0.551 0.03 13 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 10.9 0.18 14 0.521 0.21  7 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 12.1 0.02 27 0.543 0.04 12 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 11.3 0.11 18 0.548 0.03 13 LBY26 92484.4 — — — 12.5 L 31 0.567 0.02 17 LBY26 92488.1 — — — 10.8 0.20 13 — — — LBY233 92474.3 — — — 11.1 0.19 16 — — — LBY233 92477.1 — — — — — — 0.522 0.20 7 LBY233 92478.3 — — — 11.0 0.19 15 0.525 0.25  8 LBY214 92760.1 — — — 11.2 0.10 17 0.531 0.10  9 LBY214 92760.3 — — — 10.8 0.29 13 0.545 0.11 12 LBY214 92760.4 — — — — — — 0.525 0.30  8 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 10.7 0.28 12 0.542 0.05 12 LBY210 92845.4 — — — — — — 0.538 0.07 11 LBY204 92826.1 — — — 10.7 0.30 12 — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — — — — 0.539 0.06 11 LBY204 92828.3 — — — — — — 0.518 0.27  7 LBY196 91303.2 — — — 12.3 0.01 29 0.561 0.01 15 LBY187 92809.2 — — — 11.4 0.09 19 0.539 0.07 11 LBY187 92812.3 — — — 10.9 0.17 15 — — — LBY154 92432.1 0.845 0.20 15 — — — — — — LBY137 92751.2 — — — — — — 0.519 0.23  7 LBY120 91214.1 0.874 0.10 19 10.7 0.24 12 0.537 0.08 10 CONT. — 0.736 — — 9.54 — — 0.486 — — LBY83 91330.2 — — — 5.41 0.05 35 0.342 0.14 22 LBY48 90968.1 — — — 4.74 0.27 19 — — — LBY224 91529.2 0.635 0.20 15 — — — — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 4.73 0.28 19 — — — LBY196 91304.2 0.656 0.10 19 — — — — — — LBY150 91644.3 0.667 0.06 21 4.94 0.18 24 0.331 0.23 18 LBY133 91139.4 0.648 0.12 17 5.16 0.10 29 — — — LBY132 91277.1 — — — 5.38 0.05 35 — — — LBY132 91279.3 0.648 0.13 17 5.77 0.01 45 0.346 0.11 24 LBY125 91273.3 — — — 5.31 0.06 33 — — — CONT. — 0.552 — — 3.99 — — 0.280 — — LGN3 89069.4 0.689 0.20 16 — — — — — — LGN3 89072.3 0.638 0.25  7 — — — — — — LGN3 89072.4 0.687 0.15 15 — — — — — — LGN3 89073.1 0.644 0.16  8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.596 — — — — — — — — NUE102 90003.5 — — — 6.78 0.12 16 — — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — 6.56 0.21 12 — — — NUE102 90005.2 0.769 0.10 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.671 — — 5.84 — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 7.75 0.05 19 0.364 0.17  6 LGN24 89094.3 0.734 0.09  9 7.24 0.18 11 0.360 0.25  5 LGN24 89096.2 0.719 0.28  7 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.671 — — 6.53 — — 0.343 — — LBY77 92061.2 — — — 13.2 0.19 29 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 13.5 0.15 31 — — — CONT. — — — — 10.3 — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 — — — 9.37 L 46 0.469 0.13 7 CONT. — — — — 6.40 — — 0.437 — — LGN26 89037.3 0.647 0.24  7 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.4 0.651 0.23  8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.602 — — — — — — — — NUE102 90005.2 0.810 0.07 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.693 — — — — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 — — — 6.32 0.01 12 0.371 0.22  9 LGN60 89176.3 0.604 0.03 11 7.00 0.10 11 0.365 0.28  7 CONT. — 0.635 — — 6.31 — — 0.351 — — LBY54 92084.4 — — — 10.1 0.01 42 0.445 0.16 16 LBY29 91617.1 — — — 9.20 0.06 30 0.434 0.24 13 LBY25 91335.2 — — — 9.80 0.02 38 0.440 0.18 15 LBY230 91669.2 — — — 8.98 0.11 27 0.443 0.19 15 LBY23 91397.3 — — — 9.27 0.06 31 0.456 0.10 19 LBY225 91605.3 — — — 8.94 0.11 26 — — — LBY225 91607.3 — — — 10.0 0.02 41 0.441 0.23 15 LBY225 91607.5 — — — 9.34 0.05 32 — — — LBY213 92033.1 0.756 0.18 26 9.55 0.03 35 0.442 0.18 15 LBY212 92024.3 — — — 8.56 0.19 21 — — — LBY182 92396.1 — — — 8.48 0.23 20 — — — LBY136 91442.6 — — — 8.71 0.15 23 — — — LBY136 91442.9 — — — 9.06 0.09 28 — — — CONT. — 0.599 — — 7.08 — — 0.384 — — LGN49 89081.6 — — — 6.86 0.09 18 — — — CONT. — — — — 5.80 — — — — — Table 243. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01. RGR = relative growth rate.

TABLE 244 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Rosette Diameter Harvest Index Rosette Area [cm²] [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY87 92256.1 0.237 0.20 14 — — — — — — LBY30 92324.4 — — — 8.58 L 29 5.05 L 10 LBY30 92326.2 — — — — — — 4.91 0.06  7 LBY225 91605.3 0.241 0.06 16 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.3 0.245 0.05 18 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.5 — — — 7.54 0.22 14 4.71 0.29  3 LBY212 92026.4 0.246 0.29 19 — — — — — — LBY202 92022.1 0.224 0.29  8 — — — — — — LBY193 91660.2 0.254 0.06 23 — — — — — — LBY193 91662.1 0.229 0.30 10 7.36 0.08 11 4.90 0.15 7 LBY174 92079.1 — — — — — — 4.72 0.20  3 LBY158 91648.1 — — — — — — 4.82 0.17  5 LBY158 91649.1 — — — 7.92 0.05 19 5.09 0.03 11 LBY139 92241.2 — — — 8.00 0.02 21 5.03 L 10 LBY135 92321.1 — — — 7.36 0.28 11 — — — LBY135 92321.6 — — — 8.54 0.27 29 5.15 0.28 13 LBY135 92322.1 0.243 0.05 17 — — — — — — LBY113 92234.1 — — — — — — 4.74 0.22  4 LBY113 92234.6 — — — 7.17 0.29  8 — — — CONT. — 0.207 — — 6.63 — — 4.57 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.268 L 10 — — — — — — LGN5 88198.4 0.278 0.27 14 8.14 0.07 10 5.05 0.02  7 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 8.65 0.15 17 5.00 0.11 11 CONT. — 0.260 — — 7.41 — — 4.74 — — LBY97 92034.3 — — — 8.31 0.01 26 4.94 0.07 9 LBY87 92255.1 — — — 9.14 L 38 5.26 L 16 LBY87 92256.1 — — — — — — 4.80 0.08  6 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 8.54 0.15 29 5.19 L 14 LBY230 91669.3 — — — — — — 4.68 0.20  3 LBY217 92362.1 — — — 7.26 0.10 10 4.74 0.21  4 LBY138 92078.1 — — — 7.11 0.17  8 4.75 0.08  5 LBY138 92078.4 — — — 8.82 L 34 5.10 0.03 13 LBY136 91442.6 — — — — — — 4.75 0.09  5 LBY136 91442.8 — — — — — — 4.71 0.12  4 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 7.98 0.02 21 5.00 L 10 LBY135 92321.1 — — — — — — 4.66 0.29  3 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 8.46 0.09 28 5.10 0.09 12 LBY120 91210.2 — — — — — — 4.85 0.10  7 LBY118 91432.3 — — — 8.96 L 36 5.14 0.02 13 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 8.06 0.01 22 5.02 L 11 LBY117 91366.3 — — — 7.36 0.20 11 — — — LBY115 92073.3 — — — — — — 4.72 0.15  4 LBY115 92073.5 — — — 8.04 0.03 22 5.09 L 12 LBY112 92051.1 — — — 9.89 0.09 50 5.57 0.11 23 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 8.49 L 29 5.10 L 12 LBY112 92053.6 — — — 7.82 0.04 18 4.85 0.02  7 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 7.15 0.15  8 4.89 0.01  8 LBY108 91423.4 — — — 9.75 0.10 48 5.52 0.01 22 LBY103 91381.11 — — — — — — 4.82 0.16  6 LBY103 91381.3 — — — 7.43 0.08 13 4.84 0.02  7 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 8.72 L 32 5.14 L 13 CONT. — — — — 6.60 — — 4.54 — — LBY79 92221.2 — — — 11.0 0.22 12 5.92 0.18 9 LBY72 92764.1 — — — 11.1 0.19 13 5.56 0.24  2 LBY72 92765.3 — — — 10.5 0.06  7 — — — LBY72 92766.4 — — — 11.0 0.09 12 5.85 L  7 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 12.2 L 24 6.16 L 13 LBY32 92830.3 — — — — — — 6.14 L 13 LBY30 92326.1 — — — 11.0 L 12 5.77 L  6 LBY233 92477.1 — — — 11.7 0.20 19 5.95 L  9 LBY233 92477.2 — — — 11.7 L 19 6.10 L 12 LBY214 92760.3 — — — 10.5 0.07  6 5.76 0.23  6 LBY204 92827.1 — — — 12.8 0.26 30 6.13 0.25 12 LBY204 92828.1 — — — — — — 5.80 0.07  6 LBY204 92828.3 — — — 12.7 0.02 29 5.98 0.04 10 LBY165 92678.3 — — — 11.2 L 14 5.88 0.03  8 LBY137 92752.1 — — — 11.6 L 18 5.88 L  8 LBY126 92834.3 — — — 11.0 L 12 — — — LBY110 91179.2 — — — 11.2 L 14 6.01 L 10 LBY107 92285.2 — — — 10.6 0.07  8 — — — CONT. — — — — 9.83 — — 5.45 — — LGN60 89175.1 0.269 0.08 26 6.19 0.02 15 4.33 0.02  7 LGN60 89175.2 0.294 L 38 6.26 0.12 16 4.30 0.14  6 LGN60 89176.1 0.260 0.02 22 5.84 0.12  8 4.17 0.16  3 LGN60 89176.3 — — — 6.89 0.04 28 4.60 0.04 14 CONT. — 0.213 — — 5.40 — — 4.04 — — LGN49 89081.1 — — — 7.36 0.24 17 4.68 0.21  7 LGN49 89081.3 — — — 7.71 0.18 22 4.77 0.21  8 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 8.30 0.12 22 5.13 0.12 11 CONT. — — — — 6.80 — — 4.64 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.268 0.22 12 — — — — — — LGN54 88206.4 0.274 0.23 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.250 — — — — — — — — LGN2 89029.2 — — — 8.51 0.04 13 5.06 L  8 CONT. — — — — 7.51 — — 4.69 — — LGN5 88198.4 — — — 8.40 L 28 5.17 L 11 LGN5 88201.1 0.277 0.06 28 — — — — — — LGN5 88201.3 — — — 7.87 0.03 20 4.91 0.12  6 LGN5 88203.2 — — — 7.23 0.25 10 — — — CONT. — 0.216 — — 6.55 — — 4.64 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 7.28 L 26 4.68 0.01 12 CONT. — — — — 5.77 — — 4.18 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.268 0.06 15 — — — — — — LGN54 88208.2 0.264 0.15 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.263 — — — — — — — — LGN6 89173.1 0.238 0.14 27 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.188 — — — — — — — — LBY79 92221.3 — — — 11.0 0.29 15 5.55 0.27  5 LBY72 92764.1 — — — 12.2 0.10 27 5.92 0.06 12 LBY72 92765.1 — — — 12.9 0.15 34 6.18 L 17 LBY72 92766.2 — — — — — — 5.40 0.07  3 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 11.0 0.09 15 5.75 L  9 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 10.7 0.22 12 5.70 0.07  8 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 12.3 0.11 28 6.01 0.03 14 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 11.6 0.09 22 6.00 L 14 LBY32 92832.1 — — — 10.7 0.10 12 5.48 0.11  4 LBY32 92833.2 — — — — — — 5.63 0.13  7 LBY26 92484.4 — — — 12.7 0.04 33 6.34 0.19 20 LBY26 92484.5 — — — 10.1 0.01  6 5.34 0.30  1 LBY26 92488.1 — — — 10.8 0.02 13 5.49 0.03  4 LBY233 92477.1 — — — 10.2 0.30  6 5.58 0.07  6 LBY214 92760.1 — — — 11.3 0.01 18 5.76 L  9 LBY210 92845.2 — — — — — — 5.81 L 10 LBY210 92845.4 — — — 10.3 L 8 5.67 0.22  8 LBY210 92846.2 — — — 10.0 0.20  5 — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — 10.8 L 13 5.84 0.07 11 LBY204 92828.3 — — — 10.7 0.27 11 — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 12.5 0.21 31 6.14 0.04 17 LBY187 92809.2 — — — 11.6 0.20 21 5.90 0.21 12 LBY187 92812.3 — — — 11.0 0.23 15 5.65 0.24  7 LBY187 92813.2 — — — — — — 5.38 0.11  2 LBY137 92751.2 — — — — — — 5.45 0.02  4 LBY126 92837.3 — — — 10.3 0.17  8 5.46 0.03  4 LBY126 92837.4 — — — 9.98 0.11  4 5.41 0.08  3 LBY126 92838.1 — — — 10.5 0.23  9 — — — LBY120 91210.2 — — — 9.74 0.29  2 — — — LBY120 91214.1 — — — 10.6 0.24 11 5.58 0.29  6 CONT. — — — — 9.56 — — 5.26 — — LBY83 91330.1 — — — 5.34 0.10 12 4.21 0.05  7 LBY83 91330.2 — — — 6.47 0.06 36 4.89 L 25 LBY83 91332.1 — — — 5.50 0.03 15 4.24 0.02  8 LBY83 91332.2 — — — — — — 4.16 0.18  6 LBY63 91326.1 0.222 0.02 18 — — — 4.23 0.07  8 LBY51 90981.1 — — — 5.28 0.09 11 — — — LBY51 90981.4 0.202 0.28  7 — — — — — — LBY48 90968.1 — — — 5.66 0.01 19 4.36 L 11 LBY48 90968.2 — — — 5.44 0.07 14 4.26 0.01 9 LBY48 90970.2 0.218 0.03 16 — — — — — — LBY224 91527.4 0.214 0.18 14 5.43 0.29 14 4.29 0.23  9 LBY224 91529.1 — — — 5.47 0.11 15 4.29 0.01  9 LBY22 90961.1 0.213 0.06 13 — — — — — — LBY22 90961.2 — — — 5.41 0.17 14 4.19 0.16  7 LBY22 90965.5 — — — 5.45 0.10 14 4.23 0.12  8 LBY196 91300.1 0.212 0.18 13 5.42 0.04 14 4.30 0.04 10 LBY196 91303.2 — — — 5.65 0.29 19 4.34 0.24 11 LBY188 91557.3 0.225 0.01 20 — — — — — — LBY150 91642.1 0.237 0.15 26 — — — — — — LBY150 91644.2 0.220 0.14 17 — — — — — — LBY150 91644.3 — — — 5.98 L 26 4.47 L 14 LBY134 91281.5 — — — — — — 4.26 0.08  9 LBY134 91284.1 0.241 0.21 28 — — — — — — LBY133 91139.2 — — — — — — 4.15 0.16  6 LBY133 91139.4 — — — 6.17 0.05 29 4.42 0.02 13 LBY132 91277.1 — — — 6.57 0.20 38 4.71 0.04 20 LBY132 91279.3 0.205 0.20  9 6.87 0.03 44 4.84 L 23 LBY125 91273.2 0.211 0.23 12 — — — — — — LBY125 91273.3 — — — 6.41 0.10 35 4.62 0.08 18 LBY125 91273.4 0.224 0.26 19 — — — — — — LBY102 91262.1 — — — 5.32 0.17 12 4.18 0.14  6 CONT. — 0.188 — — 4.77 — — 3.92 — — NUE102 90003.5 0.262 0.25 13 6.13 0.15 15 4.57 0.25 v5 NUE102 90004.1 0.292 0.12 26 5.90 0.27 11 4.60 0.18  6 CONT. — 0.232 — — 5.33 — — 4.35 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 8.10 0.04 19 4.96 0.06  8 LGN24 89094.3 — — — 7.53 0.16 11 4.88 0.15  6 CONT. — — — — 6.79 — — 4.61 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — — — — 6.29 0.27 12 LBY91 91633.2 0.252 0.15 12 — — — 6.02 0.19  7 LBY91 91634.3 0.258 0.27 14 12.5 0.16 13 6.01 0.13  7 LBY81 92013.2 — — — 13.5 0.06 22 6.18 0.19 10 LBY77 92061.2 — — — 14.2 0.01 29 6.34 0.01 13 LBY77 92062.1 0.253 0.20 12 14.6 L 32 6.67 L 18 LBY49 92039.4 — — — 12.3 0.25 11 5.99 0.17  6 LBY49 92043.1 0.270 0.03 19 — — — — — — LBY29 91617.1 0.253 0.14 12 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.1 0.270 0.04 19 12.5 0.17 13 5.94 0.20  5 LBY29 91619.5 0.268 0.10 19 12.8 0.14 16 6.08 0.08  8 LBY23 91396.3 — — — 12.9 0.22 17 — — — LBY23 91397.4 0.264 0.05 17 — — — — — — LBY174 92079.1 — — — 12.7 0.19 15 6.04 0.15  7 LBY174 92080.1 — — — 12.1 0.30 10 — — — LBY158 91647.3 — — — 12.6 0.24 14 5.95 0.22  6 LBY158 91649.1 — — — 13.1 0.26 19 6.14 0.15  9 LBY146 91590.1 0.255 0.22 13 — — — — — — LBY146 91593.3 0.256 0.15 13 13.4 0.05 21 6.06 0.13  8 LBY138 92075.2 — — — 12.2 0.28 10 — — — LBY138 92076.1 — — — — — — 5.97 0.20  6 LBY115 92073.1 — — — 12.7 0.12 15 6.05 0.09  7 LBY112 92053.2 0.270 0.04 19 — — — — — — LBY108 91422.2 — — — 12.5 0.15 13 6.04 0.11  7 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 13.4 0.05 21 6.33 0.10 12 LBY104 91269.2 — — — 12.6 0.28 14 6.14 0.13  9 CONT. — 0.226 — — 11.0 — — 5.63 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.257 0.10 16 8.47 L 46 5.25 0.01 15 CONT. — 0.221 — — 5.80 — — 4.56 — — NUE102 90004.1 0.199 0.15 18 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.168 — — — — — — — — LGN60 89174.2 0.334 L 23 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.1 0.321 L 18 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.2 0.296 0.03  9 6.59 0.05  8 4.56 0.19  3 LGN60 89176.1 0.323 L 19 — — — — — — LGN60 89176.3 — — — 7.54 0.08 11 4.83 0.13  6 CONT. — 0.305 — — 6.82 — — 4.58 — — LBY77 92061.2 0.221 0.15 30 — — — — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 8.18 0.19 11 5.03 0.06  8 LBY77 92063.4 0.205 0.21 21 — — — — — — LBY54 92084.4 — — — 10.5 L 43 5.54 0.04 19 LBY54 92086.1 — — — 8.33 0.11 13 4.96 0.11  6 LBY49 92043.2 0.232 0.23 37 — — — — — — LBY29 91617.1 0.206 0.18 21 9.45 L 28 5.25 L 12 LBY29 91619.1 0.202 0.12 19 — — — 4.90 0.19  5 LBY25 91335.2 — — — 10.3 L 39 5.50 L 18 LBY230 91667.1 0.193 0.24 14 — — — — — — LBY230 91669.2 — — — — — — 5.20 0.19 11 LBY23 91397.3 — — — 9.60 0.07 30 5.41 0.05 16 LBY225 91605.3 — — — 9.27 0.03 26 5.12 0.09 10 LBY225 91607.3 0.269 L 58 10.4 0.30 41 5.51 0.29 18 LBY225 91607.5 0.233 0.01 37 9.65 L 31 5.25 0.09 12 LBY217 92363.1 — — — 8.06 0.23  9 4.97 0.08  6 LBY213 92032.1 0.201 0.14 18 — — — — — — LBY213 92033.1 — — — 9.92 0.06 35 5.46 0.02 17 LBY212 92024.2 — — — — — — 4.99 0.16  7 LBY212 92024.3 — — — 8.95 0.03 21 5.23 0.01 12 LBY202 92022.1 0.205 0.21 21 8.70 0.04 18 5.07 0.05  9 LBY182 92396.1 0.225 0.16 33 8.81 0.28 20 5.10 0.15  9 LBY182 92398.2 0.223 0.23 31 — — — — — — LBY182 92398.3 0.204 0.11 20 — — — — — — LBY136 91442.6 — — — 8.98 0.03 22 5.19 0.01 11 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 9.27 0.13 26 5.15 0.18 10 CONT. — 0.170 — — 7.37 — — 4.67 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.200 0.22  7 — — — — — — LGN49 89081.6 — — — 7.66 0.08 19 5.01 0.18  9 LGN49 89082.1 0.208 0.13 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.190 — — 6.42 — — 4.61 — — Table 244. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 245 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Gene Seed Yield [mg] 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY96 92428.4 — — — 20.1 0.09 13 LBY89 92259.1 — — — 22.3 0.11 25 LBY87 92255.2 — — — 19.1 0.04  7 LBY87 92256.1 334.1 0.07 21 — — — LBY55 92422.6 — — — 20.1 L 13 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 19.9 0.01 12 LBY225 91605.3 300.9 0.26  9 — — — LBY225 91607.2 — — — 18.6 0.19  4 LBY225 91607.3 323.9 0.06 17 — — — LBY212 92028.3 310.9 0.13 13 — — — LBY202 92021.1 319.5 0.16 16 — — — LBY202 92022.1 — — — 18.8 0.21  5 LBY193 91660.2 358.4 0.04 30 21.1 L 18 LBY182 92398.3 — — — 19.6 L 10 LBY174 92079.8 — — — 21.3 0.07 19 LBY139 92239.1 — — — 20.5 0.03 15 LBY135 92321.1 — — — 19.1 L  7 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 19.8 0.04 11 LBY135 92322.1 363.2 0.01 32 — — — LBY135 92323.1 — — — 18.2 0.19  2 LBY135 92323.3 298.7 0.30  8 — — — CONT. — 275.8 — — 17.9 — — LGN5 88198.1 273.6 0.08 11 19.5 0.02  8 LGN5 88198.4 279.4 0.21 14 18.4 0.21  2 LGN5 88201.3 — — — 21.4 0.22 12 CONT. — 245.7 — — 19.2 — — LGN60 89175.1 279.8 0.13 18 — — — LGN60 89175.2 301.9 0.02 28 — — — LGN60 89176.1 283.5 0.06 20 — — — LGN60 89176.3 — — — 22.7 L 22 CONT. — 236.5 — — 18.7 — — LGN49 89081.3 — — — 22.3 L 19 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 20.9 0.03 12 CONT. — — — — 18.7 — — LGN5 88198.1 — — — 21.0 0.07  9 LGN5 88198.4 — — — 19.1 0.25  4 LGN5 88201.1 267.2 0.29 11 — — — LGN5 88201.3 — — — 22.0 0.05 14 CONT. — 241.2 — — 19.3 — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 21.7 0.08 17 CONT. — — — — 18.5 — — LGN54 88206.1 282.8 0.28  8 — — — CONT. — 284.5 — — — — — LGN6 89169.2 — — — 19.5 0.12  6 LGN6 89173.1 206.9 0.29 18 — — — CONT. — 175.5 — — 18.3 — — LGN36 89044.1 128.6 0.23 39 — — — CONT. —  92.6 — — — — — LGN6 89169.2 — — — 17.9 L 14 LGN6 89171.4 — — — 16.5 0.22  5 CONT. — — — — 15.7 — — LBY83 91330.1 288.6 0.30 11 — — — LBY63 91325.2 — — — 19.5 L  7 LBY63 91326.1 289.0 0.21 11 — — — LBY51 90981.4 288.9 0.25 11 19.6 0.05  8 LBY22 90961.1 299.6 0.09 15 — — — LBY22 90961.2 — — — 19.9 0.28 10 LBY196 91300.1 308.0 0.05 18 — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 21.3 0.03 17 LBY188 91557.3 335.0 0.22 28 — — — LBY150 91642.1 332.3 L 27 — — — LBY150 91644.2 301.5 0.08 16 — — — LBY134 91282.1 304.3 0.23 17 21.3 L 17 LBY134 91284.1 382.4 L 47 — — — LBY132 91279.3 289.8 0.28 11 20.3 L 12 LBY125 91273.2 — — — 19.4 L 7 LBY125 91273.4 305.3 0.06 17 — — — LBY102 91262.1 — — — 20.5 0.04 13 CONT. — 261.0 — — 18.2 — — NUE102 90003.5 287.4 0.01 30 — — — NUE102 90004.1 294.7 0.01 33 — — — CONT. — 221.6 — — — — — LGN24 89094.2 — — — 19.6 L 18 CONT. — — — — 16.7 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — 20.0 0.04 30 LBY91 91633.1 — — — 18.5 0.12 21 LBY91 91633.2 — — — 19.0 0.08 24 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 19.6 0.05 28 LBY81 92009.3 — — — 17.6 0.25 15 LBY81 92009.4 — — — 18.1 0.17 18 LBY77 92061.1 — — — 17.9 0.20 17 LBY77 92061.2 — — — 18.7 0.11 22 LBY77 92062.1 344.8 0.10 18 — — — LBY77 92063.6 — — — 17.6 0.25 15 LBY54 92084.7 — — — 17.7 0.25 15 LBY54 92087.3 — — — 17.9 0.22 17 LBY35 92119.2 — — — 18.0 0.18 17 LBY29 91617.1 — — — 18.7 0.19 22 LBY29 91617.4 — — — 18.5 0.12 21 LBY29 91619.1 — — — 17.8 0.25 16 LBY29 91619.5 — — — 18.9 0.09 23 LBY23 91397.2 324.9 0.29 12 — — — LBY174 92079.7 — — — 17.7 0.26 15 LBY158 91647.2 — — — 17.5 0.27 14 LBY158 91647.5 — — — 18.4 0.13 20 LBY158 91648.1 — — — 19.8 0.05 29 LBY146 91593.3 364.5 0.18 25 20.8 0.02 36 LBY138 92076.1 — — — 19.8 0.05 29 LBY117 91365.1 — — — 18.4 0.25 20 LBY117 91366.1 — — — 18.5 0.17 21 LBY115 92071.2 — — — 17.6 0.25 15 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 20.3 0.08 32 LBY112 92052.2 — — — 17.7 0.23 16 LBY112 92053.2 337.9 0.16 16 — — — LBY108 91423.4 — — — 19.4 0.06 27 LBY103 91381.8 — — — 18.0 0.18 18 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 18.8 0.11 22 CONT. — 291.3 — — 15.3 — — LGN2 89029.2 268.5 0.01 20 — — — CONT. — 224.7 — — — — — LGN26 89036.1 — — — 20.2 0.18 13 LGN26 89037.2 — — — 20.8 0.15 16 LGN26 89037.3 — — — 20.4 L 14 LGN26 89037.4 — — — 19.1 0.05  7 CONT. — — — — 17.9 — — NUE102 90004.1 208.7 0.03 20 — — — CONT. — 174.1 — — — — — LGN60 89174.2 373.2 0.09 18 — — — LGN60 89175.1 328.5 0.13 11 — — — LGN60 89175.2 332.8 L 12 — — — LGN60 89176.1 342.8 L 16 — — — LGN60 89176.3 334.2 0.20 13 23.2 0.22 13 CONT. — 316.5 — — 21.3 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — 18.6 L 15 LBY91 91633.1 — — — 17.7 0.03 10 LBY77 92062.1 — — — 17.5 0.02  8 LBY49 92039.4 — — — 18.2 L 12 LBY49 92043.1 — — — 17.3 0.04  7 LBY49 92043.2 — — — 16.8 0.15  4 LBY35 92122.1 — — — 17.8 0.01 10 LBY29 91617.1 275.7 0.23 19 — — — LBY25 91335.2 — — — 18.6 L 15 LBY25 91338.2 — — — 17.4 0.03  7 LBY25 91339.1 — — — 17.1 0.08  6 LBY225 91607.3 318.7 0.03 38 — — — LBY225 91607.5 304.7 0.06 32 — — — LBY217 92363.1 — — — 18.7 0.13 16 LBY202 92022.2 — — — 17.7 0.12  9 LBY193 91660.2 — — — 18.7 0.26 16 LBY182 92396.2 — — — 17.3 0.03  7 LBY182 92398.2 — — — 17.0 0.19  5 LBY182 92398.3 — — — 16.9 0.17  5 LBY118 91434.4 — — — 17.1 0.30  6 CONT. — 231.5 — — 16.2 — — LGN49 89081.3 202.2 0.20 11 22.1 L 14 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 20.8 0.25  7 CONT. — 201.5 — — 19.5 — — LGN26 89036.1 — — — 17.9 L  7 LGN26 89036.4 — — — 17.9 L  6 LGN26 89037.2 — — — 19.5 0.02 16 LGN26 89037.3 — — — 20.6 L 23 LGN26 89037.4 — — — 17.7 0.21  5 CONT. — — — — 16.8 — — Table 245. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 246 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY96 92428.4 20.1 0.09 13 LBY89 92259.1 22.3 0.11 25 LBY87 92255.2 19.1 0.04 7 LBY55 92422.6 20.1 L 13 LBY30 92326.2 19.9 0.01 12 LBY225 91607.2 18.6 0.19 4 LBY202 92022.1 18.8 0.21 5 LBY193 91660.2 21.1 L 18 LBY182 92398.3 19.6 L 10 LBY174 92079.8 21.3 0.07 19 LBY139 92239.1 20.5 0.03 15 LBY135 92321.1 19.1 L 7 LBY135 92321.6 19.8 0.04 11 LBY135 92323.1 18.2 0.19 2 CONT. — 17.9 — — LGN5 88198.1 19.5 0.02 8 LGN5 88198.4 18.4 0.21 2 LGN5 88201.3 21.4 0.22 12 CONT. — 19.2 — — LGN60 89176.3 22.7 L 22 CONT. — 18.7 — — LGN49 89081.3 22.3 L 19 LGN49 89081.6 20.9 0.03 12 CONT. — 18.7 — — LGN5 88198.1 21.0 0.07 9 LGN5 88198.4 19.1 0.25 4 LGN5 88201.3 22.0 0.05 14 CONT. — 19.3 — — LGN24 89094.2 21.7 0.08 17 CONT. — 18.5 — — LGN6 89169.2 19.5 0.12 6 CONT. — 18.3 — — LGN6 89169.2 17.9 L 14 LGN6 89171.4 16.5 0.22 5 CONT. — 15.7 — — LBY63 91325.2 19.5 L 7 LBY51 90981.4 19.6 0.05 8 LBY22 90961.2 19.9 0.28 10 LBY196 91303.2 21.3 0.03 17 LBY134 91282.1 21.3 L 17 LBY132 91279.3 20.3 L 12 LBY125 91273.2 19.4 L 7 LBY102 91262.1 20.5 0.04 13 CONT. — 18.2 — — LGN24 89094.2 19.6 L 18 CONT. — 16.7 — — LBY91 91630.1 20.0 0.04 30 LBY91 91633.1 18.5 0.12 21 LBY91 91633.2 19.0 0.08 24 LBY81 92009.1 19.6 0.05 28 LBY81 92009.3 17.6 0.25 15 LBY81 92009.4 18.1 0.17 18 LBY77 92061.1 17.9 0.20 17 LBY77 92061.2 18.7 0.11 22 LBY77 92063.6 17.6 0.25 15 LBY54 92084.7 17.7 0.25 15 LBY54 92087.3 17.9 0.22 17 LBY35 92119.2 18.0 0.18 17 LBY29 91617.1 18.7 0.19 22 LBY29 91617.4 18.5 0.12 21 LBY29 91619.1 17.8 0.25 16 LBY29 91619.5 18.9 0.09 23 LBY174 92079.7 17.7 0.26 15 LBY158 91647.2 17.5 0.27 14 LBY158 91647.5 18.4 0.13 20 LBY158 91648.1 19.8 0.05 29 LBY146 91593.3 20.8 0.02 36 LBY138 92076.1 19.8 0.05 29 LBY117 91365.1 18.4 0.25 20 LBY117 91366.1 18.5 0.17 21 LBY115 92071.2 17.6 0.25 15 LBY112 92051.3 20.3 0.08 32 LBY112 92052.2 17.7 0.23 16 LBY108 91423.4 19.4 0.06 27 LBY103 91381.8 18.0 0.18 18 LBY103 91381.9 18.8 0.11 22 CONT. — 15.3 — — LGN26 89036.1 20.2 0.18 13 LGN26 89037.2 20.8 0.15 16 LGN26 89037.3 20.4 L 14 LGN26 89037.4 19.1 0.05 7 CONT. — 17.9 — — LGN60 89176.3 23.2 0.22 13 CONT. — 21.3 — — LBY91 91630.1 18.6 L 15 LBY91 91633.1 17.7 0.03 10 LBY77 92062.1 17.5 0.02 8 LBY49 92039.4 18.2 L 12 LBY49 92043.1 17.3 0.04 7 LBY49 92043.2 16.8 0.15 4 LBY35 92122.1 17.8 0.01 10 LBY25 91335.2 18.6 L 15 LBY25 91338.2 17.4 0.03 7 LBY25 91339.1 17.1 0.08 6 LBY217 92363.1 18.7 0.13 16 LBY202 92022.2 17.7 0.12 9 LBY193 91660.2 18.7 0.26 16 LBY182 92396.2 17.3 0.03 7 LBY182 92398.2 17.0 0.19 5 LBY182 92398.3 16.9 0.17 5 LBY118 91434.4 17.1 0.30 6 CONT. — 16.2 — — LGN49 89081.3 22.1 L 14 LGN49 89081.6 20.8 0.25 7 CONT. — 19.5 — — LGN26 89036.1 17.9 L 7 LGN26 89036.4 17.9 L 6 LGN26 89037.2 19.5 0.02 16 LGN26 89037.3 20.6 L 23 LGN26 89037.4 17.7 0.21 5 CONT. — 16.8 — — Table 246. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 247 Genes showing improved plant performanceat Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Harvest Index Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY87 92256.1 0.237 0.20 14 LBY225 91605.3 0.241 0.06 16 LBY225 91607.3 0.245 0.05 18 LBY212 92026.4 0.246 0.29 19 LBY202 92022.1 0.224 0.29 8 LBY193 91660.2 0.254 0.06 23 LBY193 91662.1 0.229 0.30 10 LBY135 92322.1 0.243 0.05 17 CONT. — 0.207 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.268 L 10 LGN5 88198.4 0.278 0.27 14 CONT. — 0.260 — — LGN60 89175.1 0.269 0.08 26 LGN60 89175.2 0.294 L 38 LGN60 89176.1 0.260 0.02 22 CONT. — 0.213 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.268 0.22 12 LGN54 88206.4 0.274 0.23 10 CONT. — 0.250 — — LGN5 88201.1 0.277 0.06 28 CONT. — 0.216 — — LGN54 88206.1 0.268 0.06 15 LGN54 88208.2 0.264 0.15 14 CONT. — 0.263 — — LGN6 89173.1 0.238 0.14 27 CONT. — 0.188 — — LBY63 91326.1 0.222 0.02 18 LBY51 90981.4 0.202 0.28 7 LBY48 90970.2 0.218 0.03 16 LBY224 91527.4 0.214 0.18 14 LBY22 90961.1 0.213 0.06 13 LBY196 91300.1 0.212 0.18 13 LBY188 91557.3 0.225 0.01 20 LBY150 91642.1 0.237 0.15 26 LBY150 91644.2 0.220 0.14 17 LBY134 91284.1 0.241 0.21 28 LBY132 91279.3 0.205 0.20 9 LBY125 91273.2 0.211 0.23 12 LBY125 91273.4 0.224 0.26 19 CONT. — 0.188 — — NUE102 90003.5 0.262 0.25 13 NUE102 90004.1 0.292 0.12 26 CONT. — 0.232 — — LBY91 91633.2 0.252 0.15 12 LBY91 91634.3 0.258 0.27 14 LBY77 92062.1 0.253 0.20 12 LBY49 92043.1 0.270 0.03 19 LBY29 91617.1 0.253 0.14 12 LBY29 91619.1 0.270 0.04 19 LBY29 91619.5 0.268 0.10 19 LBY23 91397.4 0.264 0.05 17 LBY146 91590.1 0.255 0.22 13 LBY146 91593.3 0.256 0.15 13 LBY112 92053.2 0.270 0.04 19 CONT. — 0.226 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.257 0.10 16 CONT. — 0.221 — — NUE102 90004.1 0.199 0.15 18 CONT. — 0.168 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.334 L 23 LGN60 89175.1 0.321 L 18 LGN60 89175.2 0.296 0.03 9 LGN60 89176.1 0.323 L 19 CONT. — 0.305 — — LBY77 92061.2 0.221 0.15 30 LBY77 92063.4 0.205 0.21 21 LBY49 92043.2 0.232 0.23 37 LBY29 91617.1 0.206 0.18 21 LBY29 91619.1 0.202 0.12 19 LBY230 91667.1 0.193 0.24 14 LBY225 91607.3 0.269 L 58 LBY225 91607.5 0.233 0.01 37 LBY213 92032.1 0.201 0.14 18 LBY202 92022.1 0.205 0.21 21 LBY182 92396.1 0.225 0.16 33 LBY182 92398.2 0.223 0.23 31 LBY182 92398.3 0.204 0.11 20 CONT. — 0.170 — — LGN49 89079.3 0.200 0.22 7 LGN49 89082.1 0.208 0.13 11 CONT. — 0.190 — — Table 247. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

Tables 248-254 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants exogenously expressing the gene constructs using the seed maturation (GH-SM) assays under drought conditions. The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 248 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Inflorescence Dry Weight [mg] Flowering Emergence Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY83 91330.2 1126.9 0.26  6 — — — 40.2 0.06 −2 LBY83 91330.3 — — — — — — 39.9 0.19 −3 LBY82 91184.3 1192.0 0.21 12 — — — — — — LBY51 90984.2 1136.0 0.08  7 — — — — — — LBY224 91527.4 — — — — — — 40.3 0.24 −2 LBY224 91529.2 1103.8 0.17  4 — — — — — — LBY22 90961.1 1126.2 L  6 — — — — — — LBY22 90961.2 1252.1 L 18 — — — — — — LBY196 91300.1 1101.9 0.07  4 47.8 0.29 −1 40.1 0.20 −2 LBY196 91303.2 1162.1 0.28  9 — — — — — — LBY196 91304.2 1181.0 0.06 11 — — — — — — LBY188 91557.3 1142.5 0.18  8 — — — — — — LBY150 91644.3 1142.1 0.28  8 — — — — — — LBY134 91281.5 — — — — — — 39.9 0.02 −2 LBY134 91282.1 1225.0 0.11 15 — — — — — — LBY133 91139.1 — — — — — — 40.2 0.09 −2 LBY133 91139.2 1092.5 0.11  3 — — — — — — LBY132 91279.3 1106.9 0.11  4 — — — — — — LBY102 91262.1 1142.5 L  8 — — — — — — LBY102 91264.1 — — — 46.8 L −3 39.9 0.19 −3 CONT. — 1061.5 — — 48.2 — — 40.9 — — LBY79 92221.2 — — — 23.8 L −6 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY79 92221.6 — — — — — — 19.2 0.15 −3 LBY79 92223.3 — — — — — — 19.3 0.09 −2 LBY72 92764.1 — — — — — — 19.2 0.15 −3 LBY72 92765.1 — — — 24.4 0.05 −4 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY72 92766.2 — — — 24.6 0.01 −3 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 24.7 0.23 −3 19.0 L −4 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 24.3 L −4 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY32 92833.2 — — — 24.2 L −4 19.2 0.09 −3 LBY26 92484.4 — — — 24.2 L −5 19.0 L −4 LBY26 92484.5 — — — — — — 19.2 0.09 −3 LBY233 92474.3 — — — 24.1 L −5 19.0 L −4 LBY233 92477.2 — — — 24.8 0.14 −2 — — — LBY233 92477.3 — — — 24.6 0.01 −3 19.3 0.09 −2 LBY214 92760.3 — — — 24.1 L −5 19.0 L −4 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 25.0 0.17 −1 19.2 0.09 −3 LBY210 92845.3 — — — 24.8 0.17 −2 19.2 0.26 −2 LBY210 92845.4 — — — 24.6 0.01 −3 19.2 0.06 −2 LBY210 92846.1 — — — — — — 19.2 0.06 −2 LBY204 92826.1 — — — 24.6 0.01 −3 — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — 24.8 0.14 −2 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY204 92828.1 — — — 24.5 0.01 −3 19.2 0.06 −2 LBY204 92828.3 — — — 25.0 0.17 −1 — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 24.1 L −5 19.0 L −4 LBY187 92809.2 — — — — — — 19.2 0.09 −3 LBY187 92812.3 — — — 24.6 0.01 −3 19.3 0.09 −2 LBY187 92813.2 — — — 25.0 0.17 −1 19.0 L −4 LBY154 92432.3 — — — — — — 19.0 L −4 LBY137 92751.2 — — — 24.6 0.02 −3 19.2 0.02 −3 LBY126 92834.3 — — — 24.4 L −4 19.0 L −4 LBY126 92837.3 — — — 25.0 0.17 −1 19.1 0.01 −3 LBY126 92838.1 — — — 24.7 0.23 −3 — — — LBY120 91211.2 — — — — — — 19.1 0.02 −3 LBY120 91214.1 — — — 24.6 0.28 −3 19.0 L −4 LBY107 92284.1 — — — — — — 19.2 0.09 −3 LBY107 92284.2 — — — 24.7 0.23 −3 19.1 0.01 −3 CONT. — — — — 25.4 — — 19.7 — — LBY96 92428.3 1027.5 0.14 11 — — — — — — LBY89 92259.1 1135.0 0.09 23 37.0 0.02 −1 — — — LBY87 92257.3 1034.4 0.09 12 — — — — — — LBY55 92422.6 1055.6 0.15 14 — — — — — — LBY30 92324.3 1052.5 0.26 14 — — — — — — LBY30 92324.4 — — — 35.6 L −5 28.6 0.16 −4 LBY30 92326.1 — — — 35.7 0.07 −5 — — — LBY30 92326.2 1171.7 0.05 26 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.5 — — — 35.7 L −5 — — — LBY225 91607.6 — — — 36.0 L −4 28.2 L −5 LBY213 92032.1 1023.7 0.01 11 — — — — — — LBY213 92033.3  958.1 0.28  3 36.8 0.09 −2 28.7 0.11 −3 LBY212 92024.3  990.6 0.15  7 34.6 0.18 −8 28.5 0.19 −4 LBY212 92026.4 — — — 37.0 0.02 −1 — — — LBY212 92028.3 1088.8 L 18 37.2 0.16 −1 — — — LBY202 92019.2 — — — 36.1 0.20 −4 — — — LBY202 92021.1 — — — 36.0 L −4 — — — LBY202 92022.2 1128.8 0.07 22 37.0 0.02 −1 28.8 0.07 −3 LBY193 91660.2 1047.5 0.22 13 36.5 0.28 −3 — — — LBY193 91662.1 — — — 36.8 0.09 −2 28.2 L −5 LBY193 91664.2  998.1 0.24  8 — — — — — — LBY193 91664.5 1026.9 L 11 37.1 0.18 −1 — — — LBY182 92396.1 — — — 37.1 0.18 −1 — — — LBY182 92396.2 1061.9 0.20 15 — — — — — — LBY182 92396.4 — — — — — — 28.8 0.07 −3 LBY174 92079.1 1062.5 0.16 15 — — — 28.6 0.15 −4 LBY174 92079.7 — — — 37.3 0.23 −1 — — — LBY174 92079.8 1035.6 0.11 12 — — — — — — LBY174 92081.1 1024.4 0.20 11 — — — — — — LBY158 91647.3 — — — 36.9 0.03 −2 — — — LBY154 92433.4 — — — 35.6 L −5 28.4 0.22 −4 LBY154 92433.5 — — — 36.3 0.10 −3 — — — LBY146 91590.2  960.0 0.28  4 34.8 0.16 −7 28.0 L −6 LBY146 91590.4 1020.6 0.02 10 35.5 0.01 −5 28.1 L −5 LBY146 91593.3 — — — 35.0 0.11 −7 28.5 0.01 −4 LBY146 91594.1 — — — 36.9 0.03 −2 — — — LBY139 92241.2 1013.1 0.28  9 35.1 L −6 27.5 L −7 LBY135 92321.1  982.1 0.10  6 — — — — — — LBY135 92321.6 — — — 35.8 0.03 −5 — — — LBY135 92322.1 — — — 36.2 0.15 −3 28.3 L −4 LBY113 92234.2 — — — 37.3 0.23 −1 — — — LBY113 92234.5 — — — 36.8 0.09 −2 — — — LBY113 92234.6 — — — 37.2 0.16 −1 — — — CONT. —  926.5 — — 37.5 — — 29.7 — — LBY91 91633.1 — — — 35.5 0.27 −5 — — — LBY91 91634.2 — — — 36.5 0.13 −3 28.3 0.03 −5 LBY77 92062.1 1136.9 0.27 13 36.5 0.11 −2 — — — LBY54 92084.4 1104.6 0.12  9 35.9 0.05 −4 29.1 0.14 −2 LBY54 92084.7 1176.6 0.09 17 — — — — — — LBY54 92084.8 1045.0 0.21  3 — — — — — — LBY54 92086.1 — — — 36.4 0.08 −3 29.1 0.14 −2 LBY49 92039.4 1155.0 L 14 36.5 0.11 −2 29.4 0.29 −2 LBY49 92041.1 1072.5 0.16  6 — — — — — — LBY35 92119.1 1091.2 0.29  8 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.1 1080.6 0.01  7 36.4 0.08 −3 29.1 0.11 −2 LBY29 91619.2 1038.1 0.25  3 36.2 0.20 −3 — — — LBY25 91336.1 1086.9 0.06  8 — — — — — — LBY25 91338.2 — — — 36.6 0.15 −2 — — — LBY230 91665.1 1049.4 0.10  4 — — — 29.2 0.26 −2 LBY230 91667.2 — — — 36.5 0.11 −2 — — — LBY230 91669.2 — — — 36.6 0.26 −2 — — — LBY230 91669.3 — — — 35.9 0.02 −4 28.3 0.22 −5 LBY23 91396.3 — — — 36.2 0.20 −3 — — — LBY23 91397.4 1103.8 L  9 36.6 0.15 −2 — — — LBY23 91398.2 — — — 36.8 0.27 −2 — — — LBY225 91605.3 — — — 35.9 0.05 −4 28.4 0.29 −5 LBY225 91607.3 — — — 36.6 0.15 −2 — — — LBY225 91607.6 — — — 36.1 0.04 −3 28.6 0.27 −4 LBY217 92363.1 1160.3 L 15 36.5 0.29 −3 — — — LBY213 92033.1 1095.0 0.17  8 36.8 0.27 −2 — — — LBY213 92033.3 1131.2 0.15 12 35.9 0.05 −4 — — — LBY212 92024.3 1050.6 0.08  4 — — — — — — LBY202 92019.2 1085.6 L  8 — — — — — — LBY202 92021.1 1052.5 0.29  4 — — — — — — LBY202 92022.2 1215.0 L 20 36.2 0.17 −3 29.1 0.29 −3 LBY193 91660.2 1080.0 0.01  7 — — — — — — LBY193 91662.1 1092.6 0.14  8 — — — — — — LBY193 91664.5 1146.9 L 14 36.6 0.15 −2 — — — LBY182 92396.1 1035.6 0.24  3 35.4 0.18 −5 28.2 0.14 −6 LBY182 92396.2 1065.0 0.04  5 — — — — — — LBY182 92398.2 1081.9 0.19  7 35.9 0.05 −4 28.3 0.03 −5 LBY136 91442.1 1048.8 0.12  4 — — — — — — LBY136 91442.2 1068.1 0.02  6 — — — — — — LBY136 91442.6 — — — 36.7 0.20 −2 — — — LBY136 91442.8 1098.8 0.02  9 35.8 0.02 −4 28.8 0.05 −3 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 36.6 0.15 −2 — — — LBY118 91434.4 1111.9 L 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 1009.8 — — 37.4 — — 29.8 — — LBY97 92038.2 — — — 28.4 0.05 −4 — — — LBY87 92256.1 — — — 28.2 0.02 −4 21.2 L −6 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 28.3 0.07 −4 — — — LBY81 92013.2 — — — 28.1 L −5 21.3 0.05 −5 LBY25 91338.2 — — — 28.8 0.18 −2 22.0 0.18 −2 LBY230 91669.2 — — — 29.0 0.28 −1 — — — LBY217 92362.2 — — — 28.2 0.02 −4 21.5 0.23 −5 LBY138 92078.1 — — — 28.1 0.02 −5 21.5 0.02 −5 LBY138 92078.4 — — — 28.6 0.23 −3 21.4 0.03 −5 LBY136 91442.8 — — — 28.5 0.04 −3 21.1 L −6 LBY135 92322.1 — — — — — — 21.8 0.12 −3 LBY120 91212.1 — — — — — — 21.8 0.12 −3 LBY120 91214.1 — — — 28.7 0.19 −3 21.7 0.14 −4 LBY118 91432.3 — — — 28.2 0.04 −4 21.2 L −6 LBY117 91366.1 — — — 28.3 0.07 −4 21.5 0.23 −5 LBY117 91366.3 — — — 26.6 0.01 −10 21.0 L −7 LBY117 91367.1 — — — 28.3 0.07 −4 — — — LBY115 92073.3 — — — 28.6 0.06 −3 — — — LBY112 92051.1 — — — 28.1 0.01 −4 21.4 0.03 −5 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 28.5 0.04 −3 21.8 0.12 −3 LBY108 91422.2 — — — 28.2 0.02 −4 21.8 0.12 −3 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 27.9 L −5 21.0 L −7 LBY108 91423.4 — — — 28.2 0.02 −4 21.6 0.20 −4 LBY104 91267.4 — — — 28.7 0.20 −3 — — — LBY103 91381.11 — — — 28.3 0.02 −4 21.3 0.01 −5 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 27.9 0.02 −5 21.3 0.05 −5 CONT. — — — — 29.4 — — 22.5 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 24.6 0.18 −6 18.4 L −8 LBY79 92221.2 — — — 24.9 0.09 −5 — — — LBY79 92223.2 — — — 25.6 0.08 −2 19.6 0.14 −2 LBY79 92223.3 — — — 25.5 0.06 −3 — — — LBY72 92764.1 — — — 25.3 0.14 −3 — — — LBY36 92526.1 — — — 24.3 0.28 −7 18.6 0.12 −7 LBY36 92526.2 — — — 25.6 0.08 −2 — — — LBY30 92326.1 — — — 25.1 0.02 −4 — — — LBY233 92474.3 — — — — — — 18.6 0.12 −7 LBY233 92477.3 — — — 25.1 L −4 19.3 0.18 −4 LBY214 92760.3 — — — 25.3 0.14 −3 — — — LBY210 92845.2 — — — 25.0 L −4 — — — LBY204 92827.1 — — — — — — 19.3 0.18 −4 LBY204 92828.1 — — — 25.2 L −4 — — — LBY187 92813.2 — — — 25.1 0.06 −4 — — — LBY165 92678.1 — — — 25.1 L −4 19.1 0.28 −5 LBY165 92678.3 — — — 25.0 L −4 18.7 0.07 −7 LBY137 92751.5 — — — 24.7 0.04 −5 18.5 L −8 LBY127 92744.2 — — — — — — 19.2 0.05 −4 LBY127 92748.2 — — — — — — 19.3 0.18 −4 LBY126 92834.3 — — — 25.1 L −4 — — — LBY126 92838.1 — — — 24.9 L −5 18.5 0.15 −8 LBY110 91176.1 — — — 25.2 0.01 −3 — — — LBY107 92284.3 — — — 25.5 0.06 −3 — — — LBY107 92285.2 — — — — — — 18.7 0.07 −7 CONT. — — — — 26.1 — — 20.0 — — LBY91 91630.1 1156.9 0.19 16 35.8 0.19 −2 28.3 0.18 −2 LBY81 92009.1 — — — — — — 28.2 0.05 −3 LBY81 92013.2 1096.2 0.03 10 35.8 0.18 −2 27.6 0.18 −5 LBY54 92084.7 1066.2 0.12  7 — — — — — — LBY54 92084.8 1105.0 0.29 11 34.8 0.21 −5 28.1 0.03 −3 LBY54 92087.3 — — — — — — 28.4 0.16 −2 LBY49 92039.4 1093.8 0.20 10 35.1 0.09 −4 28.0 0.02 −3 LBY49 92043.1 — — — 35.3 0.03 −3 28.3 0.06 −3 LBY49 92043.2 1070.0 0.10  8 — — — — — — LBY35 92122.1 1069.4 0.26  8 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.1 — — — — — — 28.3 0.18 −2 LBY29 91619.2 — — — 35.6 0.22 −2 28.0 0.02 −3 LBY29 91619.5 1073.1 0.16  8 — — — — — — LBY23 91397.2 — — — 35.1 0.02 −4 28.6 0.24 −1 LBY174 92079.7 1065.0 0.12  7 — — — — — — LBY146 91590.2 — — — 33.9 0.17 −7 27.6 0.18 −5 LBY146 91590.4 — — — 34.2 0.15 −6 27.8 0.01 −4 LBY146 91593.3 — — — — — — 27.8 0.01 −4 LBY146 91594.1 1053.1 0.20  6 — — — — — — LBY138 92076.2 1042.5 0.24  5 — — — — — — LBY117 91366.1 — — — — — — 28.3 0.18 −2 LBY117 91366.3 1127.5 0.23 14 31.9 0.08 −12 25.0 0.13 −14  LBY115 92071.2 — — — — — — 28.5 0.16 −2 LBY112 92053.2 — — — 35.8 0.19 −2 28.5 0.16 −2 LBY112 92053.4 — — — 35.3 0.03 −3 28.1 0.03 −3 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 33.0 L −10 27.7 0.04 −5 LBY108 91423.4 1091.9 0.29 10 — — — — — — LBY108 91423.6 — — — 36.0 0.30 −1 — — — LBY104 91269.2 — — — 35.5 0.06 −3 28.2 0.21 −3 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 35.5 0.24 −3 — — — CONT. —  993.3 — — 36.5 — — 29.0 — — Table 248. “CONT.—”Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 249 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Blade Area [cm²] Leaf Number Plot Coverage [cm²] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY83 91330.2 0.741 L 21 — — — 44.5 L 22 LBY83 91330.3 0.704 0.05 15 — — — 42.1 0.25 16 LBY63 91325.4 — — — 10.3 L  5 — — — LBY63 91326.1 — — — 10.2 0.27  3 — — — LBY51 90981.1 — — — — — — 39.1 0.29  8 LBY48 90968.1 0.658 0.09  7 10.1 0.20  3 40.0 0.07 10 LBY224 91527.4 0.666 0.17  9 — — — 40.9 0.04 13 LBY224 91529.1 0.672 0.08 10 10.8 0.11  9 42.7 L 18 LBY224 91529.2 0.679 0.15 11 — — — 39.6 0.15  9 LBY196 91300.1 0.688 0.17 12 — — — 44.7 0.04 23 LBY196 91303.2 0.726 0.26 19 — — — 43.8 0.26 21 LBY196 91304.3 0.685 0.01 12 10.4 0.04  5 40.6 0.04 12 LBY150 91644.3 0.714 0.25 16 — — — — — — LBY134 91282.1 0.696 0.27 14 — — — — — — LBY133 91139.4 — — — 10.3 0.17  5 — — — LBY132 91277.1 0.760 0.12 24 10.2 0.09  4 50.1 0.24 38 LBY125 91273.3 0.763 L 24 — — — 45.8 L 26 LBY102 91262.1 — — — 10.5 0.02  7 — — — CONT. — 0.613 — —   9.85 — — 36.3 — — LBY79 92221.2 1.33 L 12 12.4 0.17 18 82.7 0.10 23 LBY79 92221.3 1.37 0.20 16 11.1 L  5 79.5 0.06 18 LBY79 92221.6 1.25 0.27  5 — — — — — — LBY72 92764.1 — — — 11.2 0.29  6 — — — LBY72 92765.1 1.42 0.10 20 13.2 0.13 25 93.0 0.11 38 LBY72 92765.3 — — — 11.1 0.04  5 — — — LBY72 92766.2 1.30 0.01  9 11.8 L 12 78.5 L 17 LBY72 92766.4 1.28 0.03 8 11.8 0.07 11 74.1 0.03 10 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 12.6 0.20 19 — — — LBY32 92830.1 1.49 0.25 26 11.4 0.12  8 88.0 0.13 31 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 12.6 L 19 85.6 0.29 27 LBY32 92830.4 — — — 11.4 0.01  8 — — — LBY26 92484.4 1.31 L 11 12.1 L 15 83.7 L 24 LBY26 92484.5 1.31 0.27 10 — — — 74.8 0.17 11 LBY26 92485.1 1.36 0.17 14 11.7 L 10 82.9 0.07 23 LBY26 92488.1 — — — 12.1 0.01 14 — — — LBY233 92474.3 — — — 11.5 L  9 — — — LBY233 92477.2 — — — 11.8 0.30 11 — — — LBY233 92478.3 — — — 11.6 0.18 10 79.1 0.13 18 LBY214 92760.1 — — — 11.2 L  6 — — — LBY214 92760.3 — — — 11.8 0.19 12 — — — LBY214 92760.4 — — — 11.6 0.24  9 — — — LBY214 92761.1 — — — 10.8 0.19  2 — — — LBY214 92763.2 — — — 11.2 L  6 — — — LBY210 92845.2 1.40 L 18 11.6 L 10 82.9 0.12 23 LBY210 92845.3 — — — 11.5 0.15 8 — — — LBY210 92846.1 — — — 11.2 0.16 6 77.5 0.21 15 LBY210 92846.2 1.28 0.21  8 — — — — — — LBY204 92825.1 — — — 11.4 L  8 — — — LBY204 92826.1 1.33 L 12 12.5 0.14 18 80.8 0.03 20 LBY204 92827.1 1.41 L 18 12.0 0.12 13 87.0 L 29 LBY204 92828.1 1.42 L 19 12.6 0.17 19 91.7 L 36 LBY196 91301.3 — — — 11.1 0.02  5 — — — LBY196 91303.2 1.44 L 21 11.8 L 11 88.2 L 31 LBY187 92809.2 1.37 L 15 12.5 L 18 84.9 L 26 LBY187 92813.2 — — — 12.0 0.25 13 — — — LBY154 92433.4 — — — 11.1 0.02  5 — — — LBY139 92239.1 — — — 11.3 0.07  7 — — — LBY137 92751.2 1.27 0.10  7 11.4 0.05  8 77.6 0.14 15 LBY137 92753.1 — — — 11.2 0.16  6 — — — LBY126 92834.3 — — — 11.7 L 10 — — — LBY126 92837.3 1.32 0.03 11 11.4 0.27  8 76.2 0.23 13 LBY120 91211.2 1.25 0.12  5 11.6 L  9 73.0 0.09  9 LBY120 91212.1 — — — 11.1 0.21  5 — — — LBY120 91214.1 1.26 0.14  6 — — — 73.7 0.06 10 LBY113 92234.2 1.34 0.02 13 11.9 0.17 13 80.8 L 20 LBY107 92284.1 — — — 11.2 0.29  6 — — — LBY107 92284.2 1.26 0.07  6 10.9 0.19  3 — — — CONT. — 1.19 — — 10.6 — — 67.3 — — LBY96 92428.4 0.851 0.19 13 — — — 47.8 0.04 11 LBY89 92259.2 0.797 0.23  6 — — — 45.8 0.28  6 LBY89 92261.6 0.976 L 29 — — — 58.4 0.02 36 LBY89 92263.3 — — — 10.2 0.25  5 — — — LBY87 92256.1 — — — 10.1 0.19  4 — — — LBY87 92257.1 0.821 0.19  9 — — — 48.9 0.20 14 LBY87 92257.3 0.933 0.02 23 — — — 53.5 0.07 24 LBY55 92419.1 — — — 10.1 0.23  3 — — — LBY55 92419.2 — — — 10.1 0.23  3 — — — LBY55 92422.5 0.902 0.04 19 — — — 49.6 0.13 15 LBY30 92324.2 0.817 0.20  8 10.2 0.21  4 47.8 0.08 11 LBY30 92324.3 — — — 10.2 0.10  5 — — — LBY30 92324.4 1.03 L 36 11.0 0.04 13 67.9 L 58 LBY30 92326.2 0.901 L 19 — — — 52.4 L 22 LBY225 91605.3 0.872 0.04 15 10.2 0.21  4 48.0 0.10 12 LBY225 91607.2 0.791 0.23  5 10.6 0.28  8 47.2 0.29 10 LBY225 91607.5 0.877 0.16 16 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.6 0.804 0.21  7 — — — 46.2 0.16  7 LBY213 92030.2 0.864 0.07 14 — — — — — — LBY213 92033.1 0.934 L 24 10.6 0.01  9 53.6 L 25 LBY213 92033.3 0.952 L 26 10.5 0.02  7 56.0 L 30 LBY212 92024.3 0.906 0.20 20 — — — 53.2 0.27 24 LBY212 92026.4 0.948 0.12 26 — — — 51.5 0.07 20 LBY212 92028.3 — — — 10.1 0.14  4 — — — LBY202 92019.2 0.882 0.03 17 — — — 51.5 0.20 20 LBY202 92021.1 0.893 0.17 18 — — — 49.9 0.15 16 LBY202 92022.1 0.823 0.06  9 — — — 48.8 0.25 14 LBY193 91660.2 — — — 10.4 0.05  6 48.5 0.21 13 LBY193 91662.1 0.869 0.25 15 — — — 51.6 0.26 20 LBY193 91664.2 — — — 10.1 0.14  4 — — — LBY182 92396.1 — — — 10.1 0.19  4 46.1 0.16  7 LBY182 92396.2 0.866 0.03 15 — — — — — — LBY182 92396.4 0.790 0.27  5 10.8 0.17 10 47.6 0.06 11 LBY182 92398.3 — — — 10.1 0.14  4 — — — LBY174 92079.1 0.905 L 20 — — — — — — LBY174 92079.7 — — — 10.2 0.10  5 — — — LBY174 92079.8 0.880 0.29 17 10.2 0.21  4 — — — LBY158 91647.3 0.870 0.07 15 — — — 49.2 0.04 14 LBY158 91649.1 0.833 0.10 10 — — — 47.0 0.09  9 LBY154 92433.4 1.01 L 34 10.6 L  9 54.7 0.16 27 LBY154 92433.5 — — — 10.7 0.24  9 49.9 0.26 16 LBY146 91590.4 0.833 0.04 10 — — — — — — LBY146 91594.1 0.825 0.05  9 — — — 49.9 0.18 16 LBY139 92239.2 0.853 0.07 13 10.4 0.17  6 51.0 L 19 LBY139 92241.2 1.01 L 34 10.4 0.02  7 60.9 L 42 LBY135 92321.6 1.04 0.06 38 11.1 L 13 66.7 0.08 55 LBY135 92323.1 0.826 0.05  9 — — — 47.5 0.06 10 LBY113 92234.1 0.872 0.10 15 — — — 48.5 0.23 13 LBY113 92234.2 0.952 L 26 10.7 0.10 10 52.6 0.28 22 LBY113 92234.5 0.829 0.03 10 10.2 0.10  4 49.0 0.02 14 LBY113 92234.6 0.821 0.24  9 — — — 47.1 0.07  9 CONT. — 0.755 — —  9.77 — — 43.0 — — LBY91 91633.1 0.918 0.29 17 — — — 58.0 0.08 18 LBY91 91634.2 0.861 0.16 10 — — — 53.8 0.18 10 LBY77 92062.1 0.950 0.02 22 11.4 0.03  7 63.2 L 29 LBY54 92086.1 0.942 0.08 21 11.7 0.21  9 63.6 0.17 30 LBY35 92119.1 0.827 0.28  6 — — — 55.6 0.08 14 LBY29 91619.1 0.912 0.09 17 — — — 60.6 0.12 24 LBY29 91619.2 0.917 0.09 17 11.6 0.18  9 62.1 0.08 27 LBY25 91335.2 0.918 0.11 17 — — — 60.7 0.18 24 LBY230 91669.3 0.938 0.08 20 11.3 0.03  6 64.1 0.09 31 LBY23 91397.3 0.956 0.16 22 11.4 0.01  7 64.8 0.04 32 LBY225 91605.3 0.944 L 21 11.6 0.25  8 66.0 L 35 LBY225 91607.3 — — — — — — 53.8 0.21 10 LBY225 91607.5 0.996 0.07 27 11.9 0.07 12 70.1 L 43 LBY217 92363.1 0.903 0.10 16 — — — — — — LBY202 92022.1 — — — 11.2 0.04  5 61.5 0.28 26 LBY202 92022.2 — — — 12.0 0.03 12 60.1 0.29 23 LBY193 91664.5 0.827 0.27  6 — — — 53.7 0.18 10 LBY182 92396.1 0.963 L 23 — — — 63.3 0.02 29 LBY182 92398.2 1.02 L 30 11.4 0.03  7 71.4 L 46 LBY136 91442.1 0.844 0.28  8 — — — 57.6 0.19 18 LBY136 91442.6 0.925 L 18 — — — — — — LBY136 91442.8 1.02 L 30 11.4 0.05  7 69.1 0.01 41 LBY136 91442.9 0.979 0.06 25 11.4 0.13  7 67.4 0.14 38 LBY118 91434.5 0.883 0.04 13 11.4 0.03  7 58.8 0.02 20 CONT. — 0.781 — — 10.7 — — 49.0 — — LBY97 92034.3 — — — 10.1 0.16  4 — — — LBY97 92038.2 0.941 0.13 12 10.7 0.11 10 58.0 0.08 23 LBY87 92255.1 — — — 10.2 0.16  5 — — — LBY87 92256.1 0.899 0.26  7 10.9 L 12 — — — LBY87 92258.1 — — — 10.2 0.07  6 — — — LBY81 92009.1 0.939 0.08 12 — — — — — — LBY81 92013.1 — — — 10.1 0.16  4 — — — LBY25 91335.3 0.946 0.07 12 10.2 0.20  6 55.1 0.08 17 LBY230 91665.1 0.892 0.28  6 — — — 50.3 0.29  6 LBY230 91667.1 1.02 L 21 — — — 58.6 0.14 24 LBY217 92359.1 — — — 10.6 0.25  9 — — — LBY217 92362.2 1.13 L 35 10.6 0.07 10 69.0 L 46 LBY138 92076.2 — — — 10.0 0.27  3 — — — LBY138 92078.4 0.938 0.27 11 — — — 56.4 0.24 19 LBY136 91442.8 — — — 10.1 0.14  4 — — — LBY135 92321.1 — — — 10.4 0.27  7 — — — LBY135 92321.6 1.00 L 19 10.1 0.27  4 57.7 L 22 LBY135 92322.1 — — — 10.0 0.27  3 — — — LBY120 91212.1 — — — 10.0 0.27  3 — — — LBY118 91432.3 1.13 L 34 10.9 0.28 12 65.3 0.02 38 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 10.0 0.27  3 51.2 0.20  8 LBY112 92051.1 0.942 0.06 12 10.4 0.02  7 54.4 0.09 15 LBY112 92051.3 1.01 L 20 10.6 L 10 59.9 L 27 LBY112 92053.2 — — — 10.0 0.27  3 — — — LBY108 91422.2 — — — 10.6 L  9 51.6 0.17  9 LBY108 91423.1 — — — 10.6 L 10 55.2 0.06 17 LBY108 91423.4 1.02 0.11 21 10.5 0.01  8 60.0 0.08 27 LBY104 91267.4 0.944 0.05 12 — — — — — — LBY104 91269.2 — — — 10.8 0.24 11 — — — LBY103 91381.11 0.950 0.07 13 10.2 0.07  5 56.2 0.01 19 LBY103 91381.9 — — — — — — 54.2 0.21 15 CONT. — 0.841 — —  9.70 — — 47.3 — — LBY96 92425.4 — — — — — — 59.2 0.22  5 LBY96 92428.4 1.28 L 30 11.4 0.14  9 77.7 0.08 38 LBY89 92259.1 1.03 0.26  4 10.8 0.24  3 — — — LBY89 92259.2 — — — 10.9 0.10  4 58.4 0.25  3 LBY89 92261.6 — — — 11.0 0.06  4 — — — LBY79 92221.2 1.28 0.16 29 11.2 0.13  7 71.5 0.08 27 LBY72 92764.1 1.08 0.06  9 — — — 64.9 0.30 15 LBY72 92765.1 — — — 10.9 0.20  3 65.6 0.17 16 LBY72 92766.2 — — — 11.2 0.08  6 — — — LBY72 92766.4 1.15 0.20 16 11.4 L  9 70.1 0.17 24 LBY36 92526.1 1.21 0.30 23 11.6 0.05 10 74.1 0.26 31 LBY36 92526.2 — — — — — — 59.4 0.26  5 LBY32 92833.2 1.18 0.06 19 11.6 0.05 10 66.8 0.14 18 LBY30 92324.2 1.13 L 15 — — — 59.4 0.28  5 LBY30 92324.4 1.13 0.02 14 — — — 66.7 0.19 18 LBY30 92326.2 1.14 0.25 15 11.0 0.10  4 67.2 0.10 19 LBY233 92477.3 — — — 11.1 0.03  6 61.2 0.11  8 LBY233 92478.3 1.05 0.11  6 — — — 59.1 0.25  5 LBY214 92760.1 1.13 0.25 14 — — — — — — LBY214 92760.3 1.06 0.10  7 — — — — — — LBY214 92760.4 — — — 11.1 0.30  5 — — — LBY214 92761.1 — — — — — — 63.7 0.26 13 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 11.6 0.29 10 71.4 0.30 27 LBY210 92846.2 1.21 0.15 23 — — — 66.5 0.27 18 LBY210 92846.3 — — — 11.1 0.18  6 — — — LBY204 92826.1 1.07 0.09  8 — — — 60.8 0.02  8 LBY204 92827.1 — — — 11.2 0.02  6 — — — LBY204 92828.1 1.10 0.05 11 — — — — — — LBY187 92809.2 — — — 11.0 0.10  4 62.2 L 10 LBY187 92813.2 — — — 11.3 L  7 61.5 0.18  9 LBY165 92677.7 — — — 11.1 0.30  5 — — — LBY165 92678.1 1.05 0.17  6 — — — 59.1 0.11  5 LBY165 92678.3 1.27 0.08 28 — — — 70.6 0.03 25 LBY137 92751.5 — — — 12.0 0.03 14 74.1 0.21 31 LBY137 92752.1 — — — 11.4 L  8 — — — LBY137 92753.1 — — — 10.9 0.20  3 — — — LBY127 92744.1 — — — 10.8 0.24  3 — — — LBY127 92744.2 — — — — — — 62.3 0.27 11 LBY127 92745.4 1.04 0.22  5 — — — 59.9 0.05  6 LBY126 92834.3 1.12 0.05 13 — — — 65.5 0.23 16 LBY126 92838.1 — — — 11.0 0.26  4 — — — LBY110 91176.1 1.08 0.28  9 10.9 0.22  4 — — — LBY110 91177.3 1.23 0.05 24 10.8 0.24  3 72.0 0.22 28 LBY110 91179.3 1.09 0.02 10 11.4 0.25  9 64.1 0.08 14 LBY107 92284.3 1.13 0.28 14 — — — — — — LBY107 92285.2 1.39 L 40 — — — 82.6 L 46 CONT. — 0.991 — — 10.5 — — 56.4 — — LBY91 91633.2 1.65 0.11 15 — — — 109.8  L 23 LBY91 91634.3 — — — 12.6 0.03  7 94.6 0.28  6 LBY81 92009.1 — — — 13.0 0.03 10 — — — LBY81 92009.4 — — — 12.6 0.20  7 95.0 0.30  7 LBY81 92013.2 — — — 12.9 0.07 10 — — — LBY77 92062.1 1.61 0.09 12 12.5 0.14  6 106.4  L 20 LBY54 92084.8 1.66 0.25 16 12.6 0.03  7 109.1  0.19 23 LBY54 92087.3 — — — 12.9 L  9 — — — LBY49 92039.4 — — — — — — 101.9  0.11 15 LBY49 92043.1 1.52 0.27  6 12.5 0.06  6 101.5  0.30 14 LBY35 92122.1 — — — — — — 97.2 0.26  9 LBY29 91619.1 1.57 0.11 10 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.5 1.60 0.07 12 — — — 99.8 0.07 12 LBY23 91397.2 1.56 0.10  9 — — — — — — LBY23 91397.3 — — — 12.5 0.14  6 — — — LBY174 92079.8 — — — 12.5 0.05  6 — — — LBY158 91648.1 — — — 12.6 0.03  7 95.2 0.29  7 LBY146 91594.1 1.54 0.21  8 — — — 97.9 0.11 10 LBY138 92076.1 1.52 0.29  6 13.0 0.19 10 102.9  0.20 16 LBY138 92076.2 — — — 12.6 0.17  6 104.9  0.24 18 LBY138 92078.3 — — — 12.3 0.13  4 — — — LBY117 91366.3 1.72 0.23 20 — — — — — — LBY117 91367.2 — — — 12.7 0.02  7 — — — LBY112 92051.3 — — — 12.9 0.16 10 101.2  0.04 14 LBY112 92053.2 — — — 12.5 0.05  6 — — — LBY112 92053.4 — — — 12.4 0.11  5 105.4  0.01 19 LBY108 91423.1 1.78 0.02 24 12.4 0.23  5 113.7  L 28 LBY108 91423.4 — — — 12.7 0.04  7 — — — LBY108 91423.6 1.56 0.10  9 — — — 99.1 0.08 12 LBY104 91269.2 1.83 0.22 28 12.8 0.16  8 121.0  0.06 36 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 13.1 0.06 11 — — — CONT. — 1.43 — — 11.8 — — 88.9 — — Table 249 “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 250 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of RGR Of RGR Of Rosette Leaf Number Plot Coverage Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY83 91330.2 — — — 4.58 0.20 20 0.332 0.15 20 LBY63 91329.3 0.640 0.17 19 — — — — — — LBY224 91529.1 — — — 4.51 0.25 18 — — — LBY196 91300.1 — — — 4.64 0.17 22 — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 4.56 0.21 20 — — — LBY150 91644.3 — — — 4.45 0.29 17 — — — LBY133 91139.4 0.622 0.25 15 — — — — — — LBY132 91277.1 — — — 5.08 0.04 33 — — — LBY125 91273.3 — — — 4.81 0.10 26 — — — CONT. — 0.540 — — 3.82 — — 0.278 — — LBY79 92221.2 0.754 0.19 15 10.0 0.07 21 0.502 0.10 11 LBY79 92221.3 — — — 9.52 0.20 15 0.488 0.28  8 LBY72 92765.1 0.810 0.06 24 11.3 L 36 — — — LBY72 92765.3 0.732 0.23 12 — — — — — — LBY72 92766.2 — — — 9.65 0.15 16 — — — LBY36 92526.1 0.875 L 34 9.68 0.19 17 — — — LBY32 92830.1 — — — 10.6 0.03 27 0.512 0.08 13 LBY32 92830.3 0.776 0.15 19 10.3 0.06 24 — — — LBY32 92830.4 0.744 0.18 14 — — — — — — LBY32 92833.2 — — — 9.59 0.20 16 — — — LBY26 92484.4 0.752 0.20 15 10.2 0.05 23 — — — LBY26 92485.1 — — — 10.2 0.05 23 — — — LBY26 92488.1 0.776 0.08 19 — — — — — — LBY233 92477.1 0.758 0.16 16 — — — — — — LBY233 92477.2 0.742 0.26 13 — — — — — — LBY233 92478.3 — — — 9.74 0.13 17 — — — LBY214 92760.1 0.744 0.17 14 — — — — — — LBY214 92760.3 0.750 0.18 15 — — — — — — LBY214 92760.4 0.772 0.09 18 — — — — — — LBY210 92845.2 — — — 10.2 0.05 22 0.502 0.12 11 LBY210 92845.3 0.763 0.15 17 — — — — — — LBY210 92846.1 — — — 9.52 0.20 15 — — — LBY204 92826.1 0.811 0.06 24 9.85 0.11 19 0.487 0.26  8 LBY204 92827.1 0.756 0.17 16 10.8 0.01 30 0.502 0.10 11 LBY204 92828.1 0.790 0.10 21 11.2 L 34 0.505 0.10 12 LBY196 91301.3 0.739 0.19 13 — — — — — — LBY196 91303.2 — — — 10.7 0.01 29 0.499 0.12 10 LBY187 92809.2 0.814 0.05 24 10.4 0.03 25 0.486 0.26  7 LBY187 92813.2 0.752 0.23 15 9.53 0.20 15 — — — LBY137 92751.2 — — — 9.50 0.21 15 0.498 0.15 10 LBY126 92834.3 — — — 10.1 0.08 21 — — — LBY126 92837.4 0.780 0.07 19 — — — — — — LBY120 91211.2 0.730 0.29 11 — — — — — — LBY120 91212.1 0.722 0.29 10 — — — — — — LBY113 92234.2 — — — 9.78 0.11 18 — — — CONT. — 0.654 — — 8.30 — — 0.453 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — — — — 0.352 0.24 12 LBY89 92261.6 — — — 6.84 0.02 36 0.355 0.22 13 LBY87 92257.3 — — — 6.22 0.12 23 0.352 0.26 12 LBY55 92422.5 — — — — — — 0.354 0.26 13 LBY30 92324.3 0.747 0.19 22 — — — — — — LBY30 92324.4 — — — 7.73 L 53 0.363 0.15 16 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 6.05 0.17 20 — — — LBY225 91605.3 — — — — — — 0.358 0.19 14 LBY225 91607.2 0.734 0.23 20 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.3 — — — — — — 0.352 0.30 12 LBY213 92030.2 — — — 5.83 0.29 16 — — — LBY213 92033.1 — — — 6.26 0.10 24 0.353 0.24 13 LBY213 92033.3 — — — 6.48 0.06 29 0.352 0.26 12 LBY212 92024.3 — — — 6.18 0.13 23 — — — LBY212 92026.4 — — — 6.01 0.20 19 0.371 0.13 18 LBY202 92019.2 — — — 6.08 0.16 21 0.370 0.09 18 LBY202 92021.1 — — — 5.83 0.28 16 0.359 0.19 14 LBY193 91662.1 — — — 5.93 0.24 18 — — — LBY182 92396.4 0.728 0.24 19 — — — — — — LBY174 92079.1 — — — 5.95 0.22 18 — — — LBY174 92079.8 — — — 5.81 0.30 15 — — — LBY158 91647.3 — — — — — — 0.352 0.26 12 LBY154 92433.4 — — — 6.23 0.11 24 0.365 0.14 16 LBY154 92433.5 0.735 0.22 20 — — — — — — LBY139 92239.2 — — — 5.96 0.21 18 — — — LBY139 92241.2 — — — 7.03 0.01 40 0.362 0.15 15 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 7.65 L 52 0.357 0.22 14 LBY135 92322.1 — — — 6.06 0.18 20 — — — LBY113 92234.2 — — — 6.07 0.17 20 0.375 0.07 20 CONT. — 0.613 — — 5.04 — — 0.314 — — LBY91 91633.1 — — — 6.93 0.20 19 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 7.50 0.06 29 0.384 0.18 13 LBY54 92086.1 — — — 7.48 0.07 28 0.385 0.19 14 LBY35 92120.2 — — — 6.92 0.25 19 — — — LBY29 91617.1 — — — 7.08 0.24 22 — — — LBY29 91619.1 — — — 7.14 0.14 23 0.376 0.29 11 LBY29 91619.2 — — — 7.25 0.11 24 — — — LBY25 91335.2 — — — 7.15 0.14 23 0.384 0.20 13 LBY230 91669.3 — — — 7.62 0.05 31 0.386 0.20 14 LBY23 91397.3 — — — 7.68 0.04 32 0.386 0.17 14 LBY225 91605.3 — — — 7.86 0.03 35 0.384 0.19 13 LBY225 91607.5 — — — 8.34 L 43 0.381 0.21 12 LBY213 92033.3 — — — 7.23 0.17 24 0.383 0.26 13 LBY212 92026.3 — — — 7.08 0.19 22 — — — LBY202 92022.1 — — — 7.19 0.14 23 — — — LBY202 92022.2 — — — 7.19 0.12 23 — — — LBY182 92396.1 — — — 7.61 0.05 31 0.400 0.07 18 LBY182 92398.2 — — — 8.54 L 47 0.405 0.06 19 LBY136 91442.1 — — — 6.84 0.26 17 — — — LBY136 91442.8 — — — 8.24 0.01 41 0.403 0.07 19 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 8.03 0.02 38 0.375 0.28 10 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 6.83 0.25 17 — — — CONT. — — — — 5.83 — — 0.339 — — LBY97 92038.2 — — — 7.49 0.09 22 — — — LBY87 92256.1 — — — 7.16 0.20 17 — — — LBY25 91335.3 — — — 7.01 0.26 14 — — — LBY230 91667.1 — — — 7.56 0.08 23 — — — LBY217 92362.2 — — — 8.95 L 46 0.485 0.02 21 LBY138 92078.4 — — — 7.14 0.20 16 — — — LBY135 92321.1 — — — 7.02 0.28 14 — — — LBY135 92321.6 — — — 7.45 0.09 21 — — — LBY118 91432.3 — — — 8.43 L 37 0.458 0.09 15 LBY117 91366.1 — — — 7.09 0.24 16 — — — LBY112 92051.1 — — — 7.00 0.26 14 — — — LBY112 92051.3 — — — 7.78 0.04 27 — — — LBY108 91423.1 — — — 7.08 0.23 15 — — — LBY108 91423.4 — — — 7.83 0.04 28 0.451 0.16 13 LBY104 91269.2 0.821 0.13 29 — — — — — — LBY103 91381.11 — — — 7.23 0.16 18 — — — LBY103 91381.9 — — — 6.96 0.29 13 — — — CONT. — 0.636 — — 6.13 — — 0.399 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 7.83 L 37 0.441 L 16 LBY89 92263.1 — — — 6.50 0.25 13 0.408 0.12  8 LBY79 92221.2 — — — 7.30 0.01 27 0.432 L 14 LBY79 92223.2 — — — 6.40 0.28 12 0.413 0.08  9 LBY72 92764.1 — — — 6.61 0.15 15 — — — LBY72 92765.1 — — — 6.50 0.21 13 — — — LBY72 92766.2 — — — 6.88 0.10 20 0.420 0.07 11 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 7.08 0.04 24 0.411 0.07  9 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 7.49 0.01 31 0.413 0.09  9 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 6.41 0.27 12 — — — LBY32 92830.3 — — — 6.76 0.15 18 0.422 0.05 12 LBY32 92830.4 0.639 0.24 12 — — — — — — LBY32 92833.2 — — — 6.80 0.09 19 0.404 0.17  7 LBY30 9232.44 — — — 6.79 0.09 18 0.404 0.17  7 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 6.79 0.09 19 — — — LBY30 92326.3 — — — 6.45 0.26 13 — — — LBY233 92474.3 — — — 6.48 0.24 13 — — — LBY233 92477.1 — — — 6.49 0.23 13 — — — LBY214 92760.1 — — — 6.51 0.21 14 — — — LBY214 92761.1 — — — 6.58 0.16 15 0.406 0.14  7 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 7.27 0.02 27 0.409 0.13  8 LBY210 92846.1 0.639 0.25 12 — — — — — — LBY210 92846.2 — — — 6.79 0.10 18 0.417 0.04 10 LBY204 92827.1 — — — 6.77 0.14 18 0.404 0.29  7 LBY187 92812.1 — — — — — — 0.401 0.20  6 LBY165 92678.3 — — — 7.20 0.02 26 0.427 0.01 13 LBY137 92751.5 — — — 7.47 0.01 30 0.427 0.01 13 LBY137 92752.1 — — — 6.51 0.22 14 — — — LBY127 92744.2 — — — 6.40 0.27 12 — — — LBY126 92834.3 — — — 6.69 0.12 17 0.413 0.08  9 LBY126 92837.3 — — — 6.51 0.23 14 — — — LBY110 91177.3 — — — 7.27 0.03 27 0.439 L 16 LBY110 91179.3 — — — 6.55 0.18 14 — — — LBY107 92285.2 — — — 8.35 L 46 0.463 L 22 CONT. — 0.571 — — 5.73 — — 0.378 — — LBY91 91633.2 — — — 12.5 0.20 23 — — LBY81 92009.1 0.593 0.18 32 — — — — — — LBY81 92013.2 — — — 12.1 0.30 19 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 12.3 0.24 21 — — — LBY54 92084.8 — — — 12.7 0.18 25 — — — LBY54 92087.3 0.582 0.24 30 — — — — — — LBY35 92119.2 0.576 0.22 28 — — — — — — LBY158 91648.1 0.575 0.21 28 — — — — — — LBY117 91366.3 — — — 12.1 0.28 19 — — — LBY112 92051.3 0.564 0.27 26 — — — — — — LBY112 92053.4 — — — 12.1 0.29 19 — — — LBY112 92053.6 0.580 0.22 29 — — — — — — LBY108 91423.1 — — — 13.0 0.13 28 — — — LBY108 91423.4 0.562 0.29 25 — — — — — — LBY104 91269.2 — — — 13.8 0.06 36 — — — LBY103 91381.9 0.619 0.12 38 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.449 — — 10.2 — — — — — Table 250. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 251 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Rosette Area Rosette Diameter Harvest Index [cm²] [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY83 91330.1 0.204 0.10 20 — — — 4.16 0.17  7 LBY83 91330.2 — — — 5.56 L 22 4.71 0.01 21 LBY83 91330.3 — — — 5.26 0.25 16 4.28 L 10 LBY63 91325.1 0.186 0.05  9 — — — — — — LBY63 91325.2 0.192 0.03 13 — — — — — — LBY63 91325.4 0.197 0.10 16 — — — — — — LBY51 90981.1 — — — 4.89 0.29  8 4.15 0.03  7 LBY48 90968.1 — — — 5.00 0.07 10 4.15 0.12  7 LBY48 90970.2 — — — — — — 4.16 0.13  7 LBY224 91527.4 — — — 5.11 0.04 13 4.23 0.02  9 LBY224 91529.1 — — — 5.34 L 18 4.15 0.05  7 LBY224 91529.2 — — — 4.95 0.15  9 4.11 0.20  6 LBY196 91300.1 — — — 5.59 0.04 23 4.41 0.12 13 LBY196 91303.2 — — — 5.47 0.26 21 4.36 0.12 12 LBY196 91304.3 — — — 5.07 0.04 12 4.23 L  9 LBY134 91281.5 — — — — — — 4.17 0.25  7 LBY134 91282.1 — — — 4.88 0.17  7 4.18 0.02  7 LBY132 91277.1 — — — 6.26 0.24 38 4.64 0.12 19 LBY125 91273.3 — — — 5.73 L 26 4.48 0.03 15 LBY102 91262.1 — — — — — — 4.10 0.16  5 LBY102 91262.8 0.192 0.07 13 — — — — — — LBY102 91264.1 0.241 0.07 41 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.170 — — 4.54 — — 3.89 — — LBY79 92221.2 — — — 10.3 0.10 23 5.69 L 14 LBY79 92221.3 — — — 9.94 0.06 18 — — — LBY72 92765.1 — — — 11.6 0.11 38 5.71 0.17 14 LBY72 92766.2 — — — 9.81 L 17 5.37 0.10  7 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 9.26 0.03 10 5.21 0.09  4 LBY32 92830.1 — — — 11.0 0.13 31 5.86 0.17 17 LBY32 92830.3 — — — 10.7 0.29 27 — — — LBY26 92484.4 — — — 10.5 L 24 5.47 L  9 LBY26 92484.5 — — — 9.35 0.17 11 — — — LBY26 92485.1 — — — 10.4 0.07 23 5.40 0.18  8 LBY233 92477.2 — — — — — — 5.26 0.20  5 LBY233 92478.3 — — — 9.89 0.13 18 5.32 0.16  6 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 10.4 0.12 23 5.65 0.07 13 LBY210 92846.1 — — — 9.69 0.21 15 5.34 0.26  7 LBY210 92846.2 — — — — — — 5.12 0.26  2 LBY204 92826.1 — — — 10.1 0.03 20 5.42 0.02  8 LBY204 92827.1 — — — 10.9 L 29 5.59 L 12 LBY204 92828.1 — — — 11.5 L 36 5.86 0.02 17 LBY196 91303.2 — — — 11.0 L 31 5.73 L 15 LBY187 92809.2 — — — 10.6 L 26 5.54 L 11 LBY137 92751.2 — — — 9.69 0.14 15 5.43 0.09  9 LBY126 92837.3 — — — 9.53 0.23 13 — — — LBY120 91211.2 — — — 9.13 0.09  9 5.19 0.09  4 LBY120 91214.1 — — — 9.21 0.06 10 5.16 0.18  3 LBY113 92234.2 — — — 10.1 L 20 5.45 L  9 LBY107 92284.2 — — — — — — 5.17 0.12  3 CONT. — — — — 8.41 — — 5.00 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 5.97 0.04 11 4.44 L  8 LBY89 92259.2 — — — 5.72 0.28  6 — — — LBY89 92261.6 — — — 7.30 0.02 36 4.70 L 15 LBY89 92263.3 — — — — — — 4.35 0.24  6 LBY87 92257.1 — — — 6.11 0.20 14 — — — LBY87 92257.3 — — — 6.69 0.07 24 4.55 0.12 11 LBY55 92422.5 — — — 6.20 0.13 15 4.49 0.05 10 LBY30 92324.2 — — — 5.97 0.08 11 4.38 0.06  7 LBY30 92324.4 — — — 8.49 L 58 5.04 L 23 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 6.55 L 22 4.54 L 11 LBY225 91605.3 — — — 6.00 0.10 12 4.47 0.13  9 LBY225 91607.2 — — — 5.90 0.29 10 4.31 0.04  5 LBY225 91607.5 — — — — — — 4.35 0.19  6 LBY225 91607.6 — — — 5.78 0.16  7 4.30 0.05  5 LBY213 92030.2 — — — — — — 4.40 0.07  7 LBY213 92033.1 0.280 0.04 24 6.71 L 25 4.62 L 13 LBY213 92033.3 — — — 7.01 L 30 4.71 L 15 LBY212 92024.2 0.259 0.19 15 — — — — — — LBY212 92024.3 — — — 6.65 0.27 24 4.58 0.19 12 LBY212 92026.4 — — — 6.44 0.07 20 4.62 0.20 13 LBY202 92019.2 — — — 6.43 0.20 20 4.56 0.08 11 LBY202 92021.1 — — — 6.24 0.15 16 4.45 0.22  8 LBY202 92022.1 0.256 0.21 14 6.10 0.25 14 4.28 0.24  4 LBY193 91660.2 — — — 6.07 0.21 13 — — — LBY193 91662.1 — — — 6.45 0.26 20 4.48 0.19  9 LBY193 91664.1 0.265 0.12 18 — — — — — — LBY182 92396.1 — — — 5.76 0.16  7 4.28 0.06  4 LBY182 92396.2 — — — — — — 4.51 0.23 10 LBY182 92396.4 — — — 5.95 0.06 11 4.25 0.14  4 LBY174 92079.1 — — — — — — 4.50 L 10 LBY174 92079.8 — — — — — — 4.46 0.13  9 LBY174 92080.1 0.270 0.12 20 — — — — — — LBY158 91647.3 — — — 6.15 0.04 14 4.63 L 13 LBY158 91649.1 — — — 5.87 0.09  9 4.42 0.09  8 LBY154 92433.4 — — — 7.30 L 36 4.88 L 19 LBY154 92433.5 — — — 6.23 0.26 16 — — — LBY146 91590.4 — — — — — — 4.29 0.28  5 LBY146 91594.1 — — — 6.24 0.18 16 4.29 0.29  5 LBY139 92239.2 — — — 6.38 L 19 4.32 0.04  5 LBY139 92241.2 — — — 7.62 L 42 4.87 0.06 19 LBY135 92321.6 0.255 0.25 13 8.34 0.08 55 4.95 0.06 21 LBY135 92322.1 0.265 0.23 17 — — — — — — LBY135 92323.1 — — — 5.94 0.06 10 4.36 0.02  6 LBY113 92234.1 — — — 6.07 0.23 13 4.35 0.24  6 LBY113 92234.2 0.272 0.09 21 7.00 L 30 4.70 L 15 LBY113 92234.5 0.277 0.06 23 6.13 0.02 14 4.40 0.03  7 LBY113 92234.6 0.285 0.13 27 5.88 0.07  9 4.22 0.29  3 LBY113 92235.2 — — — — — — 4.26 0.09  4 CONT. — 0.225 — — 5.38 — — 4.10 — — LBY91 91633.1 0.232 0.01 28 7.25 0.08 18 4.65 0.17  8 LBY91 91633.2 0.237 0.04 31 — — — — — — LBY91 91634.2 0.220 0.19 21 6.72 0.18 10 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 7.90 L 29 4.85 L 13 LBY54 92086.1 0.221 0.03 22 7.95 0.17 30 4.90 0.17 14 LBY35 92119.1 — — — 6.95 0.08 14 4.55 0.06  6 LBY29 91619.1 — — — 7.58 0.12 24 4.85 0.10 13 LBY29 91619.2 — — — 7.76 0.08 27 4.83 0.02 12 LBY25 91335.2 — — — 7.59 0.18 24 4.94 0.11 15 LBY230 91669.2 0.202 0.27 11 — — — — — — LBY230 91669.3 0.243 L 34 8.01 0.09 31 4.89 0.17 14 LBY23 91397.3 — — — 8.10 0.04 32 4.91 0.06 14 LBY225 91605.3 0.216 0.14 19 8.25 L 35 4.86 0.04 13 LBY225 91607.2 0.199 0.25 10 — — — — — — LBY225 91607.3 0.206 0.13 14 6.72 0.21 10 4.59 0.03  7 LBY225 91607.5 — — — 8.77 L 43 5.03 L 17 LBY225 91607.6 0.245 L 35 — — — — — — LBY217 92363.1 — — — — — — 4.67 0.08  9 LBY202 92022.1 — — — 7.69 0.28 26 4.84 0.26 13 LBY202 92022.2 — — — 7.51 0.29 23 — — — LBY193 91664.5 — — — 6.71 0.18 10 4.47 0.29  4 LBY182 92396.1 0.234 L 29 7.92 0.02 29 4.93 L 15 LBY182 92398.2 0.204 0.25 12 8.92 L 46 5.14 L 20 LBY136 91442.1 — — — 7.20 0.19 18 4.68 0.10  9 LBY136 91442.6 — — — 7.45 0.14 22 4.86 0.08 13 LBY136 91442.8 0.208 0.14 15 8.63 0.01 41 5.04 0.03 17 LBY136 91442.9 — — — 8.43 0.14 38 4.90 0.02 14 LBY118 91432.3 0.209 0.13 15 — — — — — — LBY118 91434.4 — — — — — — 4.44 0.23  3 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 7.34 0.02 20 4.68 0.01  9 CONT. — 0.181 — — 6.12 — — 4.30 — — LBY97 92038.2 — — — 7.25 0.08 23 4.73 0.16  8 LBY87 92256.1 — — — — — — 4.66 0.18  7 LBY25 91335.3 — — — 6.89 0.08 17 4.62 0.30  5 LBY230 91665.1 — — — 6.29 0.29  6 4.64 0.13  6 LBY230 91667.1 — — — 7.33 0.14 24 4.84 0.06 11 LBY217 92362.2 — — — 8.62 L 46 5.30 L 21 LBY217 92363.1 — — — — — — 4.61 0.10  5 LBY138 92078.4 — — — 7.05 0.24 19 4.66 0.19  6 LBY136 91442.6 — — — — — — 4.56 0.26  4 LBY135 92321.6 — — — 7.21 L 22 4.80 0.01 10 LBY118 91432.3 — — — 8.16 0.02 38 5.07 L 16 LBY118 91434.5 — — — 6.40 0.20  8 — — — LBY117 91367.1 — — — — — — 4.57 0.21  4 LBY112 92051.1 — — — 6.80 0.09 15 4.64 0.17  6 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 7.49 L 27 4.78 0.02  9 LBY108 91422.2 — — — 6.45 0.17  9 — — — LBY108 91423.1 — — — 6.90 0.06 17 4.77 0.02  9 LBY108 91423.4 — — — 7.50 0.08 27 4.82 0.23 10 LBY104 91267.4 — — — — — — 4.68 0.05  7 LBY103 91381.11 — — — 7.03 0.01 19 4.72 0.04  8 LBY103 91381.9 — — — 6.78 0.21 15 4.61 0.17  5 CONT. — — — — 5.91 — — 4.38 — — LBY96 92425.4 — — — 7.40 0.22  5 — — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 9.71 0.08 38 5.45 0.11 17 LBY89 92259.2 — — — 7.30 0.25  3 — — — LBY89 92263.1 — — — — — — 5.09 0.21  9 LBY79 92221.2 — — — 8.94 0.08 27 5.23 L 12 LBY72 92764.1 — — — 8.11 0.30 15 — — — LBY72 92765.1 — — — 8.20 0.17 16 5.05 0.11  8 LBY72 92766.4 — — — 8.76 0.17 24 5.14 0.08 10 LBY36 92526.1 — — — 9.26 0.26 31 5.26 0.27 13 LBY36 92526.2 — — — 7.42 0.26  5 — — — LBY32 92830.1 — — — — — — 4.88 0.16  5 LBY32 92833.2 — — — 8.35 0.14 18 5.02 0.20  8 LBY30 92324.2 — — — 7.43 0.28  5 — — — LBY30 92324.4 — — — 8.34 0.19 18 5.00 0.25  7 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 8.39 0.10 19 5.13 0.17 10 LBY30 92326.3 — — — — — — 4.88 0.16  5 LBY233 92477.1 — — — — — — 5.05 0.27  8 LBY233 92477.3 — — — 7.65 0.11  8 4.87 0.04  5 LBY233 92478.3 — — — 7.39 0.25  5 — — — LBY214 92760.1 — — — — — — 4.91 0.14  5 LBY214 92761.1 — — — 7.96 0.26 13 5.06 0.21  9 LBY210 92845.2 — — — 8.93 0.30 27 5.18 0.30 11 LBY210 92846.2 — — — 8.31 0.27 18 4.96 L  7 LBY204 92826.1 — — — 7.60 0.02  8 — — — LBY204 92828.1 — — — — — — 4.88 0.04  5 LBY187 92809.2 — — — 7.78 L 10 — — — LBY187 92812.1 — — — — — — 4.82 0.09  4 LBY187 92813.2 — — — 7.68 0.18  9 4.79 0.15  3 LBY165 92678.1 — — — 7.39 0.11  5 — — — LBY165 92678.3 — — — 8.82 0.03 25 5.13 0.14 10 LBY137 92751.5 — — — 9.26 0.21 31 5.33 0.03 15 LBY127 92744.2 — — — 7.79 0.27 11 — — — LBY127 92745.4 — — — 7.49 0.05  6 — — — LBY126 92834.3 — — — 8.19 0.23 16 — — — LBY110 91177.3 — — — 9.00 0.22 28 5.28 0.20 14 LBY110 91179.3 — — — 8.02 0.08 14 4.84 0.29  4 LBY107 92285.2 — — — 10.3 L 46 5.70 L 22 CONT. — — — — 7.05 — — 4.65 — — LBY91 91633.1 0.230 0.03 20 — — — — — — LBY91 91633.2 — — — 13.7 L 23 6.20 0.05  9 LBY91 91634.3 — — — 11.8 0.28  6 — — — LBY81 92009.4 — — — 11.9 0.30  7 — — — LBY77 92062.1 — — — 13.3 L 20 — — — LBY54 92084.8 — — — 13.6 0.19 23 — — — LBY49 92039.4 — — — 12.7 0.11 15 — — — LBY49 92043.1 — — — 12.7 0.30 14 — — — LBY35 92119.2 0.208 0.26  8 — — — — — — LBY35 92122.1 — — — 12.1 0.26  9 — — — LBY29 91619.1 0.221 0.15 15 — — — — — — LBY29 91619.5 — — — 12.5 0.07 12 — — — LBY174 92079.1 0.223 0.14 16 — — — — — — LBY158 91648.1 — — — 11.9 0.29  7 — — — LBY146 91590.4 0.226 0.04 17 — — — — — — LBY146 91594.1 — — — 12.2 0.11 10 5.93 0.25  4 LBY138 92076.1 — — — 12.9 0.20 16 — — — LBY138 92076.2 — — — 13.1 0.24 18 — — — LBY117 91366.3 — — — — — — 6.07 0.10  7 LBY112 92051.3 — — — 12.7 0.04 14 — — — LBY112 92053.4 — — — 13.2 0.01 19 6.07 0.24  7 LBY108 91423.1 0.226 0.08 18 14.2 L 28 6.39 L 12 LBY108 91423.6 — — — 12.4 0.08 12 5.94 0.22  4 LBY108 91424.1 0.219 0.19 14 — — — — — — LBY104 91269.1 0.232 0.23 21 — — — — — — LBY104 91269.2 0.217 0.20 13 15.1 0.06 36 6.54 0.23 15 CONT. — 0.192 — — 11.1 — — 5.68 — — Table 251. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 252 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Gene Seed Yield [mg] 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY83 91330.1 203.5 0.27 13 — — — LBY83 91332.2 211.8 0.27 18 — — — LBY63 91325.1 198.6 0.02 10 — — — LBY63 91325.4 212.8 0.29 18 — — — LBY63 91329.3 198.4 0.04 10 — — — LBY51 90981.3 — — — 21.4 0.21 6 LBY48 90967.3 — — — 21.1 0.12 4 LBY224 91529.1 — — — 21.2 0.20 4 LBY22 90961.2 — — — 24.5 0.02 21 LBY150 91644.3 — — — 21.5 0.11 6 LBY134 91281.5 — — — 20.8 0.25 2 LBY134 91282.1 — — — 24.1 0.12 19 LBY133 91139.1 — — — 21.1 0.05 4 LBY102 91264.1 264.2 0.24 47 — — — CONT. — 180.0 — — 20.3 — — LBY96 92428.4 — — — 20.2 0.02 13 LBY89 92259.2 — — — 18.9 0.28 6 LBY87 92257.1 — — — 18.2 0.26 2 LBY55 92422.5 — — — 19.4 0.28 9 LBY55 92423.2 — — — 19.0 L 7 LBY30 92324.4 — — — 19.8 0.28 11 LBY30 92326.2 — — — 21.8 0.03 22 LBY225 91607.3 235.5 0.16 14 — — — LBY225 91607.6 — — — 20.0 0.03 13 LBY213 92030.2 — — — 18.7 0.05 5 LBY213 92033.1 232.1 0.16 13 — — — LBY213 92033.3 228.5 0.29 11 18.8 0.03 5 LBY212 92024.3 234.2 0.26 14 — — — LBY202 92022.1 242.8 0.07 18 — — — LBY202 92022.3 — — — 18.2 0.30 2 LBY193 91660.2 — — — 21.6 0.03 21 LBY193 91664.1 242.7 0.06 18 18.4 0.12 3 LBY182 92396.2 — — — 18.8 0.03 6 LBY174 92079.1 235.5 0.13 14 — — — LBY174 92079.7 — — — 18.8 0.11 5 LBY174 92080.1 249.2 0.04 21 — — — LBY154 92433.5 — — — 19.2 L 8 LBY146 91590.1 227.6 0.26 11 — — — LBY146 91590.2 233.0 0.28 13 — — — LBY146 91593.3 — — — 19.4 0.02 9 LBY135 92322.1 239.5 0.08 16 19.4 0.01 9 LBY135 92323.3 — — — 18.4 0.22 4 LBY113 92234.2 225.5 0.28 10 18.8 0.03 6 LBY113 92234.5 247.1 0.04 20 19.0 0.01 7 LBY113 92234.6 247.5 0.09 20 — — — CONT. — 205.7 — — 17.8 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — 21.1 L 8 LBY91 91633.1 244.1 0.26 34 21.4 L 10 LBY91 91633.2 240.4 0.17 32 — — — LBY91 91634.2 228.4 0.23 25 — — — LBY54 92084.4 241.9 0.29 33 20.5 0.08 5 LBY54 92086.1 239.9 0.07 32 — — — LBY49 92043.2 198.4 0.28 9 — — — LBY35 92122.1 — — — 22.3 L 14 LBY29 91617.1 — — — 21.3 L 9 LBY29 91619.1 — — — 20.7 0.01 6 LBY29 91619.2 — — — 20.7 0.02 6 LBY25 91335.2 — — — 21.3 0.06 9 LBY230 91669.3 250.4 L 37 20.2 0.10 4 LBY225 91605.3 223.7 0.21 23 — — — LBY225 91607.2 — — — 20.3 0.29 4 LBY225 91607.3 210.1 0.16 15 — — — LBY225 91607.6 247.0 L 35 21.8 0.08 12 LBY217 92359.1 — — — 20.0 0.24 2 LBY217 92362.2 — — — 20.0 0.24 2 LBY217 92363.1 — — — 22.0 L 13 LBY212 92026.3 — — — 20.5 0.04 5 LBY202 92022.2 — — — 24.2 0.22 24 LBY193 91660.2 — — — 24.0 L 23 LBY182 92396.1 242.8 L 33 — — — LBY182 92396.4 — — — 20.1 0.21 3 LBY182 92398.2 220.8 0.21 21 — — — LBY136 91442.8 228.5 0.02 25 — — — LBY118 91432.3 214.4 0.06 18 — — — LBY118 91433.1 210.4 0.14 15 — — — LBY118 91434.5 — — — 20.4 0.15 5 CONT. — 182.5 — — 19.5 — — LBY91 91630.1 — — — 23.2 L 21 LBY91 91633.1 219.2 0.19 16 — — — LBY81 92009.1 — — — 21.0 0.26 10 LBY81 92013.2 — — — 21.0 L 10 LBY77 92061.1 209.5 0.28 10 LBY54 92086.1 — — — 19.6 0.29 3 LBY49 92039.4 — — — 21.3 0.04 11 LBY29 91619.1 219.8 0.07 16 — — — LBY174 92079.1 212.4 0.15 12 — — — LBY174 92079.7 — — — 19.8 0.18 4 LBY146 91593.3 — — — 21.4 0.12 12 LBY138 92076.1 — — — 21.1 0.13 10 LBY117 91366.3 — — — 25.0 L 31 LBY108 91423.1 219.9 0.14 16 — — — LBY108 91423.4 — — — 20.3 0.09 6 LBY108 91424.1 217.3 0.05 14 — — — LBY104 91269.2 222.4 0.02 17 — — — CONT. — 189.8 — — 19.1 — — Table 252. CONT-Control; Ave.- Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val.- p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 253 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter 1000 Seed Weight [mg] Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY51 90981.3 21.4 0.21 6 LBY48 90967.3 21.1 0.12 4 LBY224 91529.1 21.2 0.20 4 LBY22 90961.2 24.5 0.02 21 LBY150 91644.3 21.5 0.11 6 LBY134 91281.5 20.8 0.25 2 LBY134 91282.1 24.1 0.12 19 LBY133 91139.1 21.1 0.05 4 CONT. — 20.3 — — LBY96 92428.4 20.2 0.02 13 LBY89 92259.2 18.9 0.28 6 LBY87 92257.1 18.2 0.26 2 LBY55 92422.5 19.4 0.28 9 LBY55 92423.2 19.0 L 7 LBY30 92324.4 19.8 0.28 11 LBY30 92326.2 21.8 0.03 22 LBY225 91607.6 20.0 0.03 13 LBY213 92030.2 18.7 0.05 5 LBY213 92033.3 18.8 0.03 5 LBY202 92022.3 18.2 0.30 2 LBY193 91660.2 21.6 0.03 21 LBY193 91664.1 18.4 0.12 3 LBY182 92396.2 18.8 0.03 6 LBY174 92079.7 18.8 0.11 5 LBY154 92433.5 19.2 L 8 LBY146 91593.3 19.4 0.02 9 LBY135 92322.1 19.4 0.01 9 LBY135 92323.3 18.4 0.22 4 LBY113 92234.2 18.8 0.03 6 LBY113 92234.5 19.0 0.01 7 CONT. — 17.8 — — LBY91 91630.1 21.1 L 8 LBY91 91633.1 21.4 L 10 LBY54 92084.4 20.5 0.08 5 LBY35 92122.1 22.3 L 14 LBY29 91617.1 21.3 L 9 LBY29 91619.1 20.7 0.01 6 LBY29 91619.2 20.7 0.02 6 LBY25 91335.2 21.3 0.06 9 LBY230 91669.3 20.2 0.10 4 LBY225 91607.2 20.3 0.29 4 LBY225 91607.6 21.8 0.08 12 LBY217 92359.1 20.0 0.24 2 LBY217 92362.2 20.0 0.24 2 LBY217 92363.1 22.0 L 13 LBY212 92026.3 20.5 0.04 5 LBY202 92022.2 24.2 0.22 24 LBY193 91660.2 24.0 L 23 LBY182 92396.4 20.1 0.21 3 LBY118 91434.5 20.4 0.15 5 CONT. — 19.5 — — LBY91 91630.1 23.2 L 21 LBY81 92009.1 21.0 0.26 10 LBY81 92013.2 21.0 L 10 LBY54 92086.1 19.6 0.29 3 LBY49 92039.4 21.3 0.04 11 LBY174 92079.7 19.8 0.18 4 LBY146 91593.3 21.4 0.12 12 LBY138 92076.1 21.1 0.13 10 LBY117 91366.3 25.0 L 31 LBY108 91423.4 20.3 0.09 6 CONT. — 19.1 — — Table 253. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

TABLE 254 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of 6669 promoter Harvest Index Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY83 91330.1 0.204 0.10 20 LBY63 91325.1 0.186 0.05 9 LBY63 91325.2 0.192 0.03 13 LBY63 91325.4 0.197 0.10 16 LBY102 91262.8 0.192 0.07 13 LBY102 91264.1 0.241 0.07 41 CONT. — 0.170 — — LBY213 92033.1 0.280 0.04 24 LBY212 92024.2 0.259 0.19 15 LBY202 92022.1 0.256 0.21 14 LBY193 91664.1 0.265 0.12 18 LBY174 92080.1 0.270 0.12 20 LBY135 92321.6 0.255 0.25 13 LBY135 92322.1 0.265 0.23 17 LBY113 92234.2 0.272 0.09 21 LBY113 92234.5 0.277 0.06 23 LBY113 92234.6 0.285 0.13 27 CONT. — 0.225 — — LBY91 91633.1 0.232 0.01 28 LBY91 91633.2 0.237 0.04 31 LBY91 91634.2 0.220 0.19 21 LBY54 92086.1 0.221 0.03 22 LBY230 91669.2 0.202 0.27 11 LBY230 91669.3 0.243 L 34 LBY225 91605.3 0.216 0.14 19 LBY225 91607.2 0.199 0.25 10 LBY225 91607.3 0.206 0.13 14 LBY225 91607.6 0.245 L 35 LBY182 92396.1 0.234 L 29 LBY182 92398.2 0.204 0.25 12 LBY136 91442.8 0.208 0.14 15 LBY118 91432.3 0.209 0.13 15 CONT. — 0.181 — — LBY91 91633.1 0.230 0.03 20 LBY35 92119.2 0.208 0.26 8 LBY29 91619.1 0.221 0.15 15 LBY174 92079.1 0.223 0.14 16 LBY146 91590.4 0.226 0.04 17 LBY108 91423.1 0.226 0.08 18 LBY108 91424.1 0.219 0.19 14 LBY104 91269.1 0.232 0.23 21 LBY104 91269.2 0.217 0.20 13 CONT. — 0.192 — — Table 254. “CONT.”—Control; “Ave.”—Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”—p-value, L—p < 0.01.

Example 30 Evaluation of Transgenic Arabidopsis for Seed Yield and Plant Growth Rate Under Normal Conditions in Greenhouse Assays Until Bolting (GH-SB Assays)

Assay 2: Plant Performance Improvement Measured Until Bolting Stage: Plant Biomass and Plant Growth Rate in Greenhouse Conditions (GH-SB Assays)

Under normal (standard conditions)—This assay follows the plant biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse under normal growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:2 ratio. Plants were grown under normal conditions which included irrigation of the trays with a solution containing of 6 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements. Under normal conditions the plants grow in a controlled environment in a closed transgenic greenhouse; temperature was 18-22° C., humidity around 70%; Irrigation was done by flooding with a water solution containing 6 mM N (nitrogen) (as described hereinabove), and flooding was repeated whenever water loss reached 50%. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until bolting stage. Plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was weighted directly after harvesting the rosette (plant fresh weight [FW]). Following plants were dried in an oven at 50° C. for 48 hours and weighted (plant dry weight [DW]).

Under drought and standard growth conditions—This assay follows the plant biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse under drought conditions and standard growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in phytogel media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings are then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:2 ratio and tuff at the bottom of the tray and a net below the trays (in order to facilitate water drainage). Half of the plants were irrigated with tap water (standard growth conditions) when tray weight reached 50% of its field capacity. The other half of the plants were irrigated with tap water when tray weight reached 20% of its field capacity in order to induce drought stress (drought conditions). All plants were grown in the greenhouse until bolting stage. At harvest, plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was weighted directly after harvesting the rosette (plant fresh weight [FW]). Thereafter, plants were dried in an oven at 50° C. for 48 hours and weighted (plant dry weight [DW]).

Under limited and optimal nitrogen concentration—This assay follows the plant biomass formation and the rosette area growth of plants grown in the greenhouse at limiting and non-limiting nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds were sown in agar media supplemented with ½ MS medium and a selection agent (Kanamycin). The T₂ transgenic seedlings were then transplanted to 1.7 trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. The trays were irrigated with a solution containing nitrogen limiting conditions, which were achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 2.8 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of KNO₃, supplemented with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels were achieved by applying a solution of 5.5 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of KNO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 1.5 mM CaCl₂ and microelements. All plants were grown in the greenhouse until mature seeds. Plant biomass (the above ground tissue) was weight in directly after harvesting the rosette (plant fresh weight [FW]). Following plants were dried in an oven at 50° C. for 48 hours and weighted (plant dry weight [DW]). Each construct was validated at its T₂ generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying a promoter and the selectable marker were used as control [The promoters which were used are described in Example 25 above, e.g., the At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654) or the 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10650].

Additionally or alternatively, Mock-transgenic plants expressing the uidA reporter gene (GUS-Intron) or with no gene at all, under the same promoter were used as control. The plants were analyzed for their overall size, growth rate, fresh weight and dry matter. Transgenic plants performance was compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions. The experiment was planned in nested randomized plot distribution. For each gene of the invention three to five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct.

Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) was used for capturing images of plant samples.

The image capturing process was repeated every 2 days starting from day 1 after transplanting till day 15. Same camera, placed in a custom made iron mount, was used for capturing images of larger plants sawn in white tubs in an environmental controlled greenhouse. The tubs were square shape include 1.7 liter trays. During the capture process, the tubes were placed beneath the iron mount, while avoiding direct sun light and casting of shadows.

An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Leaf analysis—Using the digital analysis leaves data was calculated, including leaf number, rosette area, rosette diameter, and leaf blade area.

Vegetative growth rate: the relative growth rate (RGR) of leaf number (Formula VIII, described above), rosette area (Formula IX described above) and plot coverage (Formula XI, described above) were calculated using the indicated formulas.

Plant Fresh and Dry weight—On about day 80 from sowing, the plants were harvested and directly weight for the determination of the plant fresh weight (FW) and left to dry at 50° C. in a drying chamber for about 48 hours before weighting to determine plant dry weight (DW).

Statistical analyses—To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. Data was analyzed using Student's t-test and results were considered significant if the p value was less than 0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).

Experimental Results

Tables 255-263 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing the genes constructs using the GH-SB Assays.

The genes listed in Tables 255-257 improved plant performance when grown at drought conditions. These genes produced larger plants with a larger photosynthetic area, biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, rosette diameter, rosette area and plot coverage), relative growth rate, blade relative area and petiole relative area. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 255 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Leaf Number Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY98 91152.3 — — — — — — 12.2 0.01 8 LBY98 91152.8 300.6 0.29 6 — — — — — — LBY94 92333.7 — — — — — — 11.8 0.18 4 LBY84 92212.2 — — — — — — 12.2 0.04 8 LBY84 92212.3 — — — — — — 11.8 0.11 4 LBY75 92094.2 — — — 3943.8 0.04 10 — — — LBY73 92388.1 — — — — — — 12.4 0.02 10 LBY69 92169.2 301.9 0.26 7 — — — 12.0 0.27 6 LBY69 92171.1 — — — 3806.2 0.06 6 — — — LBY62 91400.5 — — — 3750.0 0.13 5 12.1 0.18 7 LBY62 91401.3 — — — — — — 12.4 L 9 LBY58 91376.6 — — — — — — 12.1 0.10 7 LBY58 91378.2 — — — — — — 12.4 0.14 9 LBY28 92281.1 — — — — — — 11.9 0.09 5 LBY28 92281.3 — — — 4031.2 L 13 — — — LBY28 92283.2 — — — — — — 11.9 0.05 5 LBY218 92159.3 — — — — — — 12.8 0.02 13 LBY197 92399.1 — — — — — — 12.1 0.06 7 LBY195 92191.4 — — — 3943.8 L 10 12.4 0.23 9 LBY195 92193.1 — — — — — — 12.1 0.02 7 LBY195 92193.2 — — — 3787.5 0.15 6 12.8 0.11 13 LBY195 92193.3 305.0 0.22 8 — — — — — — LBY190 91510.2 — — — — — — 12.4 0.02 10 LBY190 91513.2 328.8 0.02 16 4087.5 0.20 14 12.5 0.04 10 LBY184 92145.2 — — — — — — 12.6 L 11 LBY184 92147.3 — — — 3925.0 0.24 10 12.5 L 10 LBY184 92148.4 — — — — — — 13.0 0.19 15 LBY163 91481.2 — — — — — — 12.2 0.01 8 LBY163 91481.3 — — — — — — 12.0 0.27 6 LBY163 91484.3 324.4 0.06 15 — — — 12.1 0.06 7 LBY160 92302.7 — — — — — — 11.8 0.18 4 LBY105 91385.1 — — — 3825.0 0.13 7 12.1 0.03 7 LBY105 91385.2 — — — — — — 11.9 0.24 5 LBY105 91386.6 — — — 3818.8 0.22 7 12.3 0.10 9 CONT. — 282.3 — — 3575.0 — — 11.3 — — LBY94 92332.1 167.7 0.25 21 — — — — — — LBY94 92333.2 — — — 1950.0 0.25 24 10.1 0.26 5 LBY84 92210.3 159.4 0.24 15 — — — — — — LBY84 92212.3 162.5 0.14 17 1812.5 0.17 15 — — — LBY84 92213.3 163.8 0.22 18 1856.2 0.11 18 — — — LBY75 92094.1 162.5 0.14 17 1956.2 0.06 24 10.2 0.27 6 LBY75 92094.2 166.2 0.10 20 — — — — — — LBY75 92096.1 184.4 0.14 33 2093.8 0.02 33 10.8 0.14 13 LBY73 92386.2 165.6 0.11 20 1743.8 0.30 11 — — — LBY73 92387.3 — — — 2125.0 0.10 35 10.8 0.02 13 LBY73 92388.1 218.1 0.11 58 2187.5 0.02 39 11.2 0.03 16 LBY69 92169.3 — — — 2181.2 0.01 39 11.2 0.01 17 LBY66 92089.3 180.6 0.03 31 1943.8 0.05 24 10.5 0.03 9 LBY66 92091.1 171.9 0.10 24 2168.8 0.05 38 — — — LBY66 92093.3 — — — — — — 10.2 0.09 7 LBY62 91400.5 — — — — — — 10.0 0.29 4 LBY62 91401.3 — — — 1837.5 0.17 17 10.2 0.18 7 LBY58 91376.5 180.0 0.09 30 2318.8 L 47 10.6 0.11 10 LBY58 91376.6 — — — — — — 10.5 0.04 9 LBY58 91378.2 166.9 0.15 21 2112.5 0.01 34 10.4 0.06 9 LBY45 92194.6 — — — — — — 10.1 0.26 5 LBY45 92197.3 — — — 1750.0 0.28 11 — — — LBY37 91217.1 — — — — — — 10.4 0.15 9 LBY37 91218.2 — — — 2337.5 0.05 49 11.6 L 20 LBY28 92281.3 181.2 0.02 31 2187.5 0.04 39 10.6 0.02 11 LBY211 92411.1 — — — 1788.4 0.23 14 — — — LBY211 92412.1 186.9 0.02 35 2050.0 0.02 30 10.6 0.11 10 LBY206 92350.3 160.6 0.20 16 1918.8 0.15 22 10.4 0.25 9 LBY206 92350.4 — — — 1843.8 0.15 17 — — — LBY206 92351.1 174.4 0.12 26 1975.0 0.03 26 10.8 0.14 13 LBY206 92353.2 — — — 1950.0 0.25 24 — — — LBY199 92307.1 189.4 0.01 37 2200.0 0.16 40 10.8 0.06 13 LBY199 92308.1 — — — 2156.2 0.04 37 10.8 0.04 12 LBY176 92509.2 190.7 0.01 38 2185.7 L 39 10.2 0.18 7 LBY176 92511.2 165.0 0.14 19 1806.2 0.17 15 10.2 0.12 6 LBY176 92512.1 174.4 0.05 26 2043.8 0.05 30 10.1 0.18 5 LBY164 92669.4 — — — — — — 10.2 0.10 7 LBY151 92651.2 — — — 1825.0 0.17 16 10.8 L 13 LBY151 92651.3 — — — 1837.5 0.14 17 — — — LBY143 91470.4 177.5 0.09 28 2031.2 0.20 29 10.2 0.27 6 LBY143 91470.7 — — — — — — 10.5 0.04 9 LBY143 91470.8 — — — 1956.2 0.07 24 10.9 L 13 LBY143 91473.2 — — — 1825.0 0.21 16 — — — CONT. — 138.3 — — 1572.4 — — 9.61 — — LBY99 91635.3 — — — — — — 10.6 0.01 8 LBY99 91635.4 — — — 2756.2 0.11 26 — — — LBY99 91635.5 220.5 0.18 29 2730.4 0.08 25 10.4 0.02 6 LBY99 91636.1 195.6 0.05 14 2926.8 0.01 34 — — — LBY99 91636.4 — — — — — — 10.2 0.08 4 LBY66 92093.1 191.9 0.16 12 — — — 10.2 0.08 4 LBY66 92093.3 218.8 L 28 3006.2 L 37 — — — LBY218 92159.1 200.0 0.26 17 — — — — — — LBY218 92159.3 196.9 0.18 15 2881.2 0.02 32 — — — LBY218 92160.3 196.9 0.07 15 — — — — — — LBY218 92162.3 197.5 0.15 15 — — — 10.4 0.09 6 LBY211 92409.1 191.2 0.05 12 — — — — — — LBY211 92412.1 195.6 0.05 14 — — — — — — LBY205 92164.1 — — — 2593.8 0.21 18 — — — LBY199 92306.2 186.2 0.14 9 — — — — — — LBY197 92399.1 199.4 0.12 16 — — — — — — LBY195 92191.4 205.6 0.05 20 — — — — — — LBY195 92192.2 193.1 0.02 13 — — — LBY195 92193.2 196.2 0.28 15 — — — 10.4 0.06 6 LBY195 92193.3 — — — 2818.8 0.02 29 — — — LBY190 91510.2 181.2 0.24 6 — — — — — — LBY190 91513.2 198.8 0.10 16 — — — 10.3 0.06 5 LBY184 92147.3 209.4 L 22 — — — 10.8 0.08 9 LBY184 92148.3 — — — 2455.4 0.25 12 — — — LBY176 92509.2 — — — — — — 10.3 0.15 5 LBY176 92510.1 200.0 L 17 — — — 10.6 0.10 8 LBY176 92512.1 187.5 0.21 10 — — — — — — LBY164 92669.4 191.9 0.03 12 — — — — — — LBY164 92670.2 197.5 0.15 15 — — — — — — LBY163 91482.2 — — — — — — 10.5 0.14 7 LBY163 91484.3 198.8 0.28 16 — — — — — — LBY163 91484.6 220.0 L 29 2981.2 L 36 — — — LBY160 92302.6 — — — 2581.2 0.12 18 — — — LBY160 92302.7 200.0 0.29 17 — — — — — — LBY151 92649.1 208.1 L 22 2606.2 0.26 19 — — — LBY143 91470.4 187.5 0.07 10 2556.2 0.14 17 — — — LBY143 91472.1 213.1 L 24 — — — — — — LBY105 91386.6 190.0 0.04 11 2737.5 0.04 25 — — — LBY105 91388.1 188.1 0.22 10 — — — — — — LBY100 91410.3 211.2 0.29 23 — — — 10.5 0.03 7 LBY100 91410.4 — — — 2437.5 0.28 11 — — — LBY100 91410.6 183.1 0.16 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 171.2 — — 2190.0 — — 9.82 — — LBY47 91626.1 — — — — — — 12.1 0.28 4 LBY18 91298.3 — — — — — — 12.2 0.29 5 LBY16 91595.2 210.6 0.25 10 — — — — — — LBY16 91595.3 — — — — — — 12.2 0.12 5 CONT. — 191.1 — — — — — 11.6 — — Table 255. CONT-Control; Ave.-Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val.-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 256 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Plot Coverage [cm²] Rosette Area [cm²] Rosette Diameter [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY62 91400.5 — — — — — — 5.20 0.22 8 LBY62 91401.3 72.7 0.14 11 9.09 0.14 11 — — — LBY58 91378.2 76.2 0.04 16 9.52 0.04 16 4.97 0.27 3 LBY28 92281.1 71.4 0.24 9 8.92 0.24 9 — — — LBY195 92193.1 81.8 0.21 25 10.2 0.21 25 5.26 0.25 9 LBY195 92193.2 79.1 0.07 21 9.89 0.07 21 5.19 0.23 8 LBY190 91510.2 75.0 0.08 15 9.37 0.08 15 5.06 0.08 5 LBY190 91513.2 88.3 0.10 35 11.0 0.10 35 5.41 0.22 12 LBY184 92145.2 83.3 0.01 27 10.4 0.01 27 5.25 L 9 LBY184 92147.3 87.0 0.21 33 10.9 0.21 33 — — — LBY184 92148.4 79.4 0.15 21 9.92 0.15 21 5.16 0.26 7 LBY163 91481.2 70.6 0.27 8 8.83 0.27 8 — — — LBY163 91481.3 80.8 0.02 23 10.1 0.02 23 5.29 0.04 10 LBY163 91482.3 73.6 0.10 12 9.19 0.10 12 5.14 0.27 7 LBY163 91484.3 92.3 0.03 41 11.5 0.03 41 5.77 L 20 LBY105 91385.1 80.9 0.02 24 10.1 0.02 24 5.21 0.02 8 CONT. — 65.5 — — 8.18 — — 4.81 — — LBY94 92333.2 62.3 0.10 34 7.79 0.10 34 4.92 0.05 15 LBY84 92213.3 56.6 0.09 22 7.07 0.09 22 4.57 0.25 7 LBY75 92094.1 56.7 0.20 22 7.09 0.20 22 4.71 0.16 10 LBY75 92094.2 53.9 0.20 16 6.74 0.20 16 4.60 0.20 8 LBY75 92096.1 66.5 L 43 8.31 L 43 5.08 0.01 19 LBY73 92387.3 62.3 0.14 34 7.79 0.14 34 4.86 0.19 14 LBY73 92388.1 66.6 0.04 44 8.32 0.04 44 5.09 0.04 19 LBY69 92169.3 72.7 L 57 9.08 L 57 5.19 L 21 LBY66 92089.3 57.2 0.09 23 7.15 0.09 23 4.75 0.08 11 LBY66 92091.1 66.1 0.06 43 8.27 0.06 43 5.15 0.04 20 LBY66 92093.1 — — — — — — 4.57 0.28 7 LBY66 92093.3 60.1 0.09 30 7.51 0.09 30 5.00 0.16 17 LBY62 91400.3 56.6 0.08 22 7.08 0.08 22 4.66 0.14 9 LBY62 91401.3 61.9 0.03 33 7.73 0.03 33 4.87 0.07 14 LBY58 91376.5 70.4 L 52 8.80 L 52 5.33 L 25 LBY58 91376.6 53.3 0.28 15 6.66 0.28 15 4.57 0.27 7 LBY58 91378.2 65.8 0.01 42 8.23 0.01 42 5.05 0.03 18 LBY45 92194.6 56.4 0.11 22 7.05 0.11 22 4.84 0.13 13 LBY45 92197.3 63.7 0.01 37 7.96 0.01 37 4.98 0.02 16 LBY37 91217.1 52.3 0.28 13 6.54 0.28 13 — — — LBY37 91218.2 73.8 L 59 9.22 L 59 5.20 L 22 LBY28 92281.3 66.5 0.14 43 8.31 0.14 43 5.14 0.26 20 LBY211 92412.1 66.8 L 44 8.35 L 44 5.00 0.02 17 LBY206 92350.3 61.9 0.09 33 7.74 0.09 33 4.90 0.06 15 LBY206 92350.4 53.3 0.27 15 6.66 0.27 15 4.72 0.13 10 LBY206 92351.1 65.1 L 40 8.14 L 40 5.02 0.02 17 LBY206 92353.2 — — — — — — 4.79 0.26 12 LBY199 92307.1 71.0 0.15 53 8.87 0.15 53 5.29 0.16 24 LBY176 92509.1 52.6 0.27 14 6.58 0.27 14 4.54 0.29 6 LBY176 92509.2 61.9 0.02 34 7.74 0.02 34 4.90 0.03 15 LBY176 92511.2 52.4 0.27 13 6.54 0.27 13 4.61 0.19 8 LBY176 92512.1 60.4 0.06 30 7.55 0.06 30 4.82 0.05 13 LBY151 92651.2 60.9 0.06 31 7.61 0.06 31 4.74 0.22 11 LBY151 92651.3 54.9 0.24 18 6.86 0.24 18 4.68 0.21 10 LBY143 91470.4 69.6 0.03 50 8.70 0.03 50 5.12 0.04 20 LBY143 91470.7 60.1 0.05 30 7.51 0.05 30 4.80 0.06 12 LBY143 91470.8 68.5 0.01 48 8.57 0.01 48 5.02 0.03 18 LBY143 91473.2 — — — — — — 4.59 0.23 7 CONT. — 46.4 — — 5.79 — — 4.27 — — LBY99 91635.3 46.4 0.19 16 5.80 0.19 16 — — — LBY99 91635.4 49.0 0.08 23 6.12 0.08 23 4.31 0.25 7 LBY99 91635.5 56.5 0.08 42 7.07 0.08 42 4.87 0.07 21 LBY66 92093.1 47.3 L 19 5.91 L 19 4.45 L 10 LBY66 92093.3 56.4 L 42 7.05 L 42 4.72 0.01 17 LBY66 92093.5 42.6 0.15 7 5.32 0.15 7 4.29 0.09 7 LBY218 92159.1 48.6 0.03 22 6.07 0.03 22 4.47 L 11 LBY218 92159.3 — — — — — — 4.57 0.26 13 LBY218 92162.3 54.3 0.05 36 6.78 0.05 36 4.76 0.11 18 LBY211 92409.1 42.7 0.13 7 5.33 0.13 7 4.19 0.19 4 LBY211 92412.1 46.2 0.12 16 5.77 0.12 16 4.38 0.06 9 LBY205 92164.3 46.7 0.07 17 5.83 0.07 17 4.31 0.16 7 LBY199 92306.2 49.5 0.05 24 6.19 0.05 24 4.50 0.10 12 LBY199 92308.1 — — — — — — 4.23 0.09 5 LBY197 92399.1 47.5 0.02 19 5.94 0.02 19 4.49 L 11 LBY195 92191.4 47.5 0.10 19 5.94 0.10 19 4.41 0.10 10 LBY195 92193.2 53.4 L 34 6.68 L 34 4.65 L 15 LBY195 92193.3 53.2 0.08 33 6.65 0.08 33 4.60 0.08 14 LBY190 91510.2 — — — — — — 4.15 0.25 3 LBY190 91513.2 59.9 L 50 7.49 L 50 4.87 L 21 LBY190 91513.3 50.2 0.05 26 6.27 0.05 26 4.43 0.11 10 LBY184 92147.3 57.9 0.03 45 7.24 0.03 45 4.78 L 19 LBY184 92148.1 47.2 0.04 18 5.90 0.04 18 4.38 0.07 9 LBY176 92509.2 50.5 0.19 27 6.31 0.19 27 — — — LBY176 92510.1 53.7 0.06 35 6.71 0.06 35 4.63 L 15 LBY176 92512 .1 — — — — — — 4.28 0.27 6 LBY164 92669.1 43.0 0.30 8 5.38 0.30 8 — — — LBY163 91481.3 43.7 0.07 10 5.46 0.07 10 — — — LBY163 91482.2 52.3 L 31 6.54 L 31 4.51 L 12 LBY163 91482.3 47.5 L 19 5.93 L 19 4.37 0.04 8 LBY163 91484.6 54.4 L 37 6.81 L 37 4.80 L 19 LBY160 92302.7 55.5 0.05 39 6.94 0.05 39 4.66 0.07 16 LBY151 92649.1 58.6 0.05 47 7.32 0.05 47 4.93 0.07 22 LBY143 91470 .4 50.2 0.22 26 6.28 0.22 26 4.50 0.27 12 LBY143 91472.1 48.6 L 22 6.08 L 22 4.51 0.09 12 LBY105 91386.6 42.9 0.11 8 5.36 0.11 8 4.16 0.21 3 LBY105 91388.1 50.3 0.03 26 6.29 0.03 26 4.45 0.05 10 LBY100 91410.6 44.6 0.03 12 5.58 0.03 12 4.17 0.23 3 CONT. — 39.8 — — 4.98 — — 4.03 — — LBY90 91193.1 99.3 0.14 23 12.4 0.14 23 6.48 0.08 17 LBY47 91627.1 86.3 0.18 7 10.8 0.18 7 — — — LBY47 91628.1 89.7 0.14 11 11.2 0.14 11 5.84 0.21 5 LBY45 92196.3 85.6 0.15 6 10.7 0.15 6 5.77 0.29 4 LBY45 92197.3 97.9 0.04 21 12.2 0.04 21 6.26 L 13 LBY222 91604.3 84.4 0.14 5 10.5 0.14 5 5.68 0.02 2 LBY220 91306.4 84.9 0.27 5 10.6 0.27 5 — — — LBY194 91147.1 88.4 0.24 10 11.1 0.24 10 — — — LBY18 91297.1 — — — — — — 6.18 0.18 11 LBY18 91298.3 84.3 0.24 4 10.5 0.24 4 5.76 L 4 LBY162 91809.4 — — — — — — 5.80 0.03 4 LBY16 91599.1 88.2 0.01 9 11.0 0.01 9 — — — LBY100 91410.3 95.1 L 18 11.9 L 18 6.11 0.09 10 LBY100 91410.6 90.0 0.23 11 11.2 0.23 11 — — — CONT. — 80.7 — — 10.1 — — 5.56 — — Table 256. CONT.-Control; Ave.-Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val.-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 257 Genes showing improved plant performance at Drought growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of RGR Of Plot RGR Of Rosette Leaf Number Coverage Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY98 91152.3 0.699 0.18 27 — — — — — — LBY94 92333.7 0.665 0.29 21 — — — — — — LBY84 92212.3 0.671 0.28 22 — — — — — — LBY75 92097.4 0.672 0.25 22 — — — — — — LBY73 92388.1 0.666 0.28 21 — — — — — — LBY69 92171.4 0.666 0.28 21 — — — — — — LBY69 92172.2 0.695 0.18 26 — — — — — — LBY62 91400.3 0.671 0.28 22 — — — — — — LBY62 91401.3 0.672 0.26 22 — — — — — — LBY58 91376.6 0.700 0.15 27 — — — — — — LBY58 91377.1 0.669 0.27 21 — — — — — — LBY58 91378.2 0.670 0.28 21 — — — — — — LBY218 92159.3 0.720 0.14 31 — — — — — — LBY197 92399.3 0.672 0.26 22 — — — — — — LBY197 92403.4 0.667 0.26 21 — — — — — — LBY195 92191.4 0.706 0.17 28 — — — — — — LBY195 92193.1 — — — 9.70 0.16 27 — — — LBY195 92193.2 0.778 0.03 41 9.27 0.23 21 — — — LBY195 92193.3 0.697 0.17 26 — — — — — — LBY190 91513.2 — — — 10.4 0.06 36 — — — LBY184 92145.2 0.748 0.06 36 9.80 0.12 28 — — — LBY184 9214.37 — — — 10.2 0.08 33 — — — LBY184 92148.1 0.687 0.21 25 — — — — — — LBY184 92148.4 — — — 9.16 0.26 20 — — — LBY163 91481.3 — — — 9.36 0.20 22 — — — LBY163 91484.3 — — — 10.8 0.03 41 0.444 0.14 19 LBY163 91484.6 0.713 0.13 29 — — — — — — LBY160 92302.6 0.693 0.19 26 — — — — — — LBY160 92302.7 0.698 0.18 27 — — — — — — LBY105 91385.1 — — — 9.29 0.22 22 — — — LBY105 91386.6 0.718 0.11 30 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.552 — — 7.64 — — 0.374 — — LBY94 92333.2 — — — 7.91 0.13 35 — — — LBY75 92096.1 0.709 0.10 44 8.51 0.06 45 0.462 0.26 21 LBY73 92387.3 — — — 7.86 0.14 34 — — — LBY73 92388.1 0.734 0.07 49 8.45 0.06 45 — — — LBY69 92169.3 0.726 0.07 48 9.31 0.02 59 — — — LBY66 92089.3 0.670 0.16 36 7.26 0.29 24 — — — LBY66 92091.1 0.649 0.24 32 8.47 0.06 45 0.463 0.26 21 LBY66 92093.3 — — — 7.54 0.21 29 — — — LBY62 91401.3 — — — 7.78 0.16 33 — — — LBY58 91376 .5 — — — 9.06 0.02 55 0.490 0.13 28 LBY58 91378.2 0.660 0.20 34 8.42 0.06 44 — — — LBY45 92197.3 — — — 8.05 0.11 38 — — — LBY37 91217.1 0.624 0.30 27 — — — — — — LBY37 91218.2 0.744 0.05 51 9.45 0.01 62 0.466 0.24 21 LBY28 92281.3 — — — 8.46 0.07 45 — — — LBY211 92412.1 0.674 0.16 37 8.47 0.06 45 — — — LBY206 92350.3 0.650 0.22 32 7.79 0.15 33 — — — LBY206 92351.1 0.674 0.16 37 8.32 0.08 42 — — — LBY199 92307.1 0.625 0.29 27 9.10 0.03 56 0.476 0.21 24 LBY199 92308.1 — — — 7.48 0.25 28 — — — LBY176 92509.2 — — — 7.82 0.15 34 — — — LBY176 92512.1 — — — 7.61 0.19 30 — — — LBY151 92651.2 0.625 0.29 27 7.62 0.19 30 — — — LBY143 91470.4 — — — 8.87 0.03 52 — — — LBY143 91470.7 — — — 7.56 0.20 29 — — — LBY143 91470.8 0.656 0.20 34 8.65 0.05 48 — — — CONT. — 0.491 — — 5.85 — — 0.383 — — LBY99 91635.4 — — — 6.28 0.20 22 — — — LBY99 91635.5 — — — 7.36 0.02 43 0.470 0.07 20 LBY66 92093.1 — — — 6.19 0.24 20 0.441 0.20 13 LBY66 92093.3 0.787 0.06 27 7.28 0.02 41 0.449 0.16 15 LBY218 92159.1 — — — 6.33 0.19 23 — — — LBY218 92159.3 — — — 6.59 0.13 28 0.442 0.24 13 LBY218 92162.3 — — — 7.03 0.04 36 0.461 0.10 18 LBY199 92306.2 — — — 6.44 0.15 25 — — — LBY197 92399.1 — — — 6.15 0.26 19 — — — LBY195 92191.4 — — — 6.15 0.27 19 — — — LBY195 92192.2 — — — 6.43 0.18 24 — — — LBY195 92193.1 — — — 6.19 0.29 20 — — — LBY195 92193.2 — — — 6.92 0.05 34 0.448 0.18 14 LBY195 92193.3 — — — 6.85 0.07 33 — — — LBY190 91513.2 — — — 7.79 L 51 0.467 0.07 19 LBY190 91513.3 — — — 6.50 0.14 26 — — — LBY184 92147.3 — — — 7.49 0.02 45 0.448 0.17 14 LBY176 92509.2 — — — 6.52 0.15 26 0.438 0.27 12 LBY176 92510.1 — — — 6.92 0.06 34 0.440 0.23 12 LBY164 92670.2 — — — 6.29 0.23 22 — — — LBY163 91482.2 — — — 6.80 0.07 32 — — — LBY163 91482.3 — — — 6.17 0.25 20 — — — LBY163 91484.6 — — — 7.08 0.04 37 0.469 0.06 20 LBY160 92302.7 — — — 7.24 0.03 40 0.446 0.18 14 LBY151 92649.1 — — — 7.53 0.01 46 0.467 0.08 19 LBY143 91470.4 — — — 6.46 0.15 25 0.441 0.24 13 LBY143 91472.1 — — — 6.24 0.22 21 — — — LBY105 91388.1 — — — 6.50 0.14 26 — — — LBY100 91410.3 — — — 6.97 0.06 35 — — — CONT. — 0.618 — — 5.16 — — 0.392 — — LBY90 91193.1 — — — 11.8 0.07 23 0.536 0.03 16 LBY90 91193.4 — — — — — — 0.479 0.28 4 LBY47 91626.1 — — — — — — 0.481 0.11 4 LBY47 91627.1 — — — 10.2 0.14 6 0.480 0.20 4 LBY4 91627.3 0.645 0.15 15 — — — — — — LBY47 91628.1 — — — 10.7 0.10 11 — — — LBY45 92194.4 — — — — — — 0.506 0.30 9 LBY45 92196.3 — — — 10.2 0.21 6 LBY45 92197.3 — — — 11.6 0.02 21 0.514 0.11 11 LBY221 91417 .2 0.686 0.05 22 — — — — — — LBY220 91305.3 0.641 0.19 14 — — — — — — LBY194 91145.1 0.652 0.26 16 — — — — — — LBY194 91147.1 — — — 10.6 0.20 11 0.498 0.28 8 LBY18 91297.1 — — — — — — 0.492 0.14 6 LBY18 91298 .3 — — — 9.99 0.26 4 — — — LBY162 91809.4 — — — — — — 0.475 0.22 3 LBY16 91599.1 — — — 10.4 0.02 9 — — — LBY129 91585.1 0.631 0.22 12 — — — — — — LBY129 91589.1 — — — — — — 0.477 0.11 3 LBY100 91410.3 — — — 11.3 0.18 18 0.499 0.28 8 LBY100 91410.6 — — — 10.7 0.13 11 0.473 0.27 2 CONT. — 0.562 — — 9.58 — — 0.462 — — Table 257. CONT.-Control; Ave.-Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val.- p-value, L-p < 0.01.

The genes listed in Tables 258-260 improved plant performance when grown at normal conditions. These genes produced larger plants with a larger photosynthetic area, biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, rosette diameter, rosette area and plot coverage), relative growth rate, blade relative area and petiole relative area. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 258 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Leaf Number Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave Val. Incr. LGN43 89053.2 — — — — — — 11.6 0.17 9 CONT. — — — — — — — 10.6 — — LGN44 89055.7 — — — 3258.3 0.21 8 — — — LGN44 89056.1 — — — 3220.8 0.20 7 — — — LGN44 89057.3 — — — 3129.2 0.27 4 — — — CONT. — — — — 3008.3 — — — — — LGN40 90346.2 — — — — — — 11.5 0.30 3 CONT. — — — — — — — 11.2 — — LGN20 89089.3 — — — 4583.3 0.26 7 — — — CONT. — — — — 4270.8 — — — — — LGN17 89028.4 361.7 0.13 7 5450.0 0.09 8 — — — CONT. — 338.1 — — 5046.9 — — — — — LGN44 89055.2 381.7 0.22 4 — — — — — — CONT. — 366.2 — — — — — — — — LGN17 89027.1 — — — — — — 12.3 0.05 10 LGN17 89027.2 384.6 0.28 7 4798.2 0.08 8 — — — LGN17 89028.4 383.8 0.17 7 4879.2 0.05 10 12.5 0.02 12 CONT. — 358.1 — — 4431.2 — 11.2 — — — LBY90 91192.3 — — — — — — 11.7 0.23 4 LBY90 91193.4 277.5 0.14 24 2812.5 0.03 16 — — — LBY8 91185.1 257.6 0.18 15 — — — — — — LBY59 91322.3 261.9 0.13 17 2850.0 0.01 17 — — — LBY57 90974.1 — — — — — — 11.9 0.03 6 LBY47 91627.1 — — — — — — 11.9 0.06 5 LBY47 91628.1 — — — — — — 11.9 0.03 6 LBY45 92197.3 — — — 2862.5 0.08 18 — — — LBY40 91310.1 — — — 2718.8 0.12 12 11.7 0.14 4 LBY40 91310.2 — — — — — — 11.6 0.28 3 LBY228 91610.2 — — — — — — 12.2 0.03 8 LBY228 91610.4 — — — 2712.5 0.22 12 11.9 0.06 5 LBY194 91149.2 — — — — — — 11.6 0.28 3 LBY18 91297.2 248.8 0.25 11 — — — — — — LBY16 91599.3 251.2 0.27 12 2793.8 0.06 15 — — — LBY128 91439.6 — — — — — — 11.9 0.08 6 LBY100 91410.2 — — — — — — 11.8 0.14 5 LBY100 91410.3 — — — 2887.5 0.07 19 — — — LBY100 91410.4 — — — — — — 11.7 0.14 4 CONT. — 224.5 — — 2430.4 — — 11.3 — — LGN61 89107.2 — — — 5204.2 0.28 3 12.7 0.15 3 LGN61 89107.3 351.7 0.09 9 5341.7 0.24 6 — — — CONT. — 322.5 — — 5037.5 — — 12.4 — — LGN20 89089.3 348.9 0.10 7 — — — — — — LGN20 89091.4 347.5 0.25 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 327.1 — — — — — — — — LBY98 91152.5 — — — 7268.8 0.27 5 12.2 0.02 3 LBY75 92094.1 — — — — — — 12.1 0.16 2 LBY218 92159.1 — — — — — — 12.2 0.26 3 LBY218 92159.3 521.9 0.22 8 7593.8 0.01 9 — — — LBY205 92167.4 511.9 0.07 6 — — — 12.2 0.26 3 LBY195 92192.2 499.4 0.27 3 — — — — — — LBY190 91513.2 — — — — — — 12.5 0.03 6 LBY163 91481.2 — — — 7575.0 0.17 9 12.8 L 8 LBY163 91481.3 524.4 0.02 8 7156.2 0.29 3 — — — LBY163 91484.3 506.9 0.13 5 7487.5 0.03 8 — — — LBY160 92302.7 508.1 0.27 5 — — — — — — LBY105 91385.2 511.2 0.08 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 483.9 — — 6955.4 — — 11.8 — — LGN40 90346.2 395.0 0.03 11 5885.1 0.04 9 — — — LGN40 90347.1 385.0 0.06 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 356.7 — — 5383.3 — — — — — LBY94 92332.1 — — — 2848.2 0.16 12 — — — LBY94 92333.2 — — — 2881.2 0.12 13 — — — LBY84 92212.3 — — — — — — 10.2 0.24 4 LBY84 92213.3 — — — 3000.0 0.10 18 10.8 0.01 9 LBY75 92096.1 — — — 3131.2 0.09 23 10.9 0.01 10 LBY73 92387.3 — — — 2912.5 0.22 15 11.5 0.01 16 LBY73 92388.1 228.8 0.25 14 2787.5 0.26 10 — — — LBY69 9216.39 273.8 0.02 36 3137.5 0.05 23 11.5 0.30 16 LBY66 92089.3 — — — — — — 10.5 0.17 6 LBY66 92091.1 229.4 0.28 14 2943.8 0.20 16 11.2 L 13 LBY66 92093.1 — — — — — — 10.2 0.29 3 LBY66 92093.3 239.4 0.14 19 2975.0 0.26 17 10.8 0.12 9 LBY62 91401.3 — — — — — — 10.2 0.29 3 LBY58 91376.5 256.2 0.05 27 3125.0 0.12 23 10.4 0.13 5 LBY58 91378.2 — — — 3187.5 0.03 25 10.5 0.17 6 LBY45 92196.3 229.4 0.27 14 — — — 10.3 0.15 4 LBY45 92197.3 — — — — — — 11.4 0.04 16 LBY37 91217.1 240.6 0.20 20 2762.5 0.27 9 — — — LBY37 91218.2 231.4 0.26 15 — — — — — — LBY211 92412.1 248.1 0.07 23 3406.2 0.08 34 11.0 0.04 11 LBY206 92350.3 — — — 3093.8 0.03 22 10.4 0.14 6 LBY199 92305.2 — — — — — — 10.2 0.29 3 LBY199 92307.1 — — — 3018.8 0.04 19 10.6 0.24 7 LBY199 92308.1 231.2 0.22 15 3212.5 L 26 — — — LBY176 92509.1 — — — — — — 11.0 0.13 11 LBY176 92509.2 246.9 0.08 23 3362.5 0.02 32 12.1 L 23 LBY164 92670.4 251.9 0.16 25 — — — — — — LBY151 92649.2 — — — 2787.5 0.22 10 10.4 0.10 5 LBY151 92651.2 — — — — — — 10.4 0.28 6 LBY151 92651.3 233.1 0.23 16 — — — — — — LBY143 91470.4 250.0 0.23 24 3281.2 L 29 10.4 0.14 6 LBY143 91470.7 258.8 0.14 29 3018.8 0.04 19 10.9 L 11 LBY143 91470.8 230.6 0.23 15 3108.0 0.02 22 — — — CONT. — 201.3 — 2540.6 — 9.89 — — — — LBY99 91635.3 261.2 L 14 — — — 10.8 0.30 10 LBY99 91635.4 287.5 L 26 — — — 11.4 0.06 17 LBY99 91635.5 — — — — — — 10.8 0.08 10 LBY99 91636.1 247.5 0.13 8 3162.5 0.11 10 — — — LBY99 91636.4 256.2 L 12 — — — 11.0 0.14 12 LBY66 92089.2 — — — 3056.2 0.30 6 — — — LBY66 92093.3 279.4 L 22 3431.2 0.02 19 — — — LBY218 92159.1 — — — — — — 10.4 0.23 7 LBY218 92159.3 241.2 0.09 5 — — — — — — LBY218 92160.3 264.2 0.20 16 — — — 10.4 0.01 7 LBY218 92162.3 — — — 3168.8 0.10 10 10.1 0.11 3 LBY211 92412.1 — — — — — — 10.1 0.19 3 LBY205 92164.1 — — — — — — 10.9 0.06 11 LBY205 92164.3 258.1 0.27 13 — — — — — — LBY205 92166.2 — — — 3218.8 0.14 11 — — — LBY199 92308.1 248.8 L 9 — — — 10.6 L 8 LBY197 92400.4 270.0 L 18 — — — — — — LBY197 92403.4 242.5 0.28 6 — — — 10.4 0.04 6 LBY195 92193.1 239.4 0.04 5 — — — — — — LBY195 92193.2 262.8 L 15 3450.0 0.21 19 10.3 0.13 5 LBY195 92193.3 251.2 L 10 3537.5 L 22 10.9 L 11 LBY190 91513.2 — — — 3318.8 0.26 15 — — — LBY190 91513.3 275.7 L 21 3157.1 0.15 9 10.3 0.30 5 LBY176 92509.2 251.2 L 10 — — — — — — LBY176 92512.1 — — — 3306.2 0.16 14 — — — LBY176 92513.1 — — — 3141.1 0.23 9 — — — LBY164 92669.1 275.6 L 21 3118.8 0.16 8 11.1 0.17 13 LBY164 92671.1 — — — 3225.0 0.13 12 — — — LBY163 91481.3 — — — — — — 10.8 0.03 10 LBY163 914822 278.1 L 22 — — — 10.8 0.08 10 LBY163 91482.3 235.6 0.22 3 — — — — — — LBY163 91484.6 255.6 L 12 — — — 10.7 0.04 9 LBY160 92302.6 256.9 L 12 — — — 10.4 0.18 6 LBY160 92302.7 — — — — — — 10.9 0.27 12 LBY151 92649.1 — — — 3237.5 0.21 12 11.0 0.28 12 LBY143 91470.4 — — — 3567.9 0.12 24 10.6 0.18 8 LBY143 91470.7 262.1 0.23 15 3214.3 0.22 11 — — — LBY143 91470.8 255.0 L 12 — — — — — — LBY105 91386.6 239.4 0.03 5 — — — 10.5 0.13 7 LBY100 91410.2 239.6 0.23 5 — — — — — — LBY100 91410.3 270.0 L 18 — — — 10.6 L 9 CONT. — 228.7 — — 2887.8 — — 9.79 — — LGN43 89052.3 376.2 0.15 7 5541.7 0.25 4 12.4 0.21 6 LGN43 89053.1 370.4 0.25 5 12.8 0.09 9 LGN43 89053.2 378.8 0.17 8 5645.8 0.17 6 12.3 0.26 5 CONT. — 351.5 — — 5322. 8 — — 11.7 — — Table 258. CONT. = Control; Ave. = Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val. = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 259 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Plot Coverage [cm²] Rosette Area [cm²] Rosette Diameter [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN43 89053.2 65.1 0.02 32 8.14 0.02 32 4.76 L 14 CONT. — 49.2 — — 6.15 — — 4.17 — LGN17 89028.4 75.2 0.13 16 9.40 0.13 16 5.29 0.10 8 CONT. — 64.6 — — 8.08 — — 4.91 — LGN17 89027.1 74.5 0.20 23 9.32 0.20 23 4.99 0.19 13 LGN17 89028.4 72.3 0.27 19 9.03 0.27 19 — — — CONT. — 60.5 — — 7.56 — — 4.40 — LBY90 91192.3 75.2 0.25 7 9.39 0.25 7 — — — LBY90 91193.1 78.0 0.06 11 9.75 0.06 11 5.42 0.18 4 LBY88 91186.4 78.2 0.18 12 9.78 0.18 12 5.52 0.09 6 LBY59 91322.3 85.7 L 22 10.7 L 22 5.69 L 9 LBY47 91626.1 77.7 0.16 11 9.71 0.16 11 5.42 0.12 4 LBY45 92194.4 81.0 0.24 16 10.1 0.24 16 5.71 L 9 LBY45 92196.3 82.3 L 18 10.3 L 18 5.72 L 10 LBY45 92197.3 98.7 0.05 41 12.3 0.05 41 6.12 0.10 17 LBY40 91310.1 83.0 L 19 10.4 L 19 5.42 0.12 4 LBY40 91310.2 80.0 0.01 14 10.0 0.01 14 5.61 0.01 7 LBY228 91610.4 82.2 0.10 17 10.3 0.10 17 5.62 0.03 8 LBY18 91297.2 — — — — — — 5.75 0.06 10 LBY16 91599.3 77.4 0.05 11 9.68 0.05 11 5.59 0.01 7 LBY128 91439.6 77.7 0.04 11 9.71 0.04 11 — — — LBY100 91410.3 96.6 L 38 12.1 L 38 6.18 L 18 CONT. — 70.0 — — 8.75 — — 5.23 — — LGN61 89105.3 — — — — — — 5.63 0.03 5 CONT. — — — — — — — 5.37 — LGN61 89105.3 85.9 0.27 16 10.7 0.27 16 5.50 0.21 13 LGN61 89107.3 89.7 0.22 21 11.2 0.22 21 5.60 0.18 15 CONT. — 74.0 — — 9.25 — — 4.89 — — LBY75 92094.1 — — — — — — 5.65 0.10 4 LBY75 92094.2 92.2 0.15 10 11.5 0.15 10 5.70 0.18 5 LBY62 91401.3 88.1 0.24 5 11.0 0.24 5 5.58 0.24 3 LBY218 92159.3 92.6 0.05 10 11.6 0.05 10 5.73 0.07 5 LBY190 91513.2 89.0 0.27 6 11.1 0.27 6 5.64 0.18 4 LBY163 91481.2 93.6 0.02 11 11.7 0.02 11 5.78 0.03 6 LBY163 91481.3 89.5 0.14 6 11.2 0.14 6 5.82 0.02 7 LBY163 91484.3 96.8 L 15 12.1 L 15 5.86 0.03 8 CONT. — 84.1 — — 10.5 — — 5.43 — LGN40 90347.1 78.9 0.09 6 9.86 0.09 6 5.54 0.04 9 CONT. — 74.2 — — 9.28 — — 5.07 — — LBY94 92333.2 — — — 8.40 0.07 19 5.24 0.13 12 LBY84 92213.3 68.3 0.14 21 8.54 0.14 21 5.21 0.20 12 LBY75 92096.1 75.9 0.01 35 9.49 0.01 35 5.44 0.02 17 LBY73 92387.3 64.8 0.17 15 8.10 0.17 15 — — — LBY73 92388.1 69.6 0.04 23 8.70 0.04 23 5.17 0.07 11 LBY69 92169.3 79.6 L 41 9.95 L 41 5.50 0.04 18 LBY66 92089.3 64.3 0.18 14 8.03 0.18 14 5.11 0.09 9 LBY66 92091.1 71.7 0.02 27 8.97 0.02 27 5.37 0.02 15 LBY66 92093.3 71.3 0.12 26 8.91 0.12 26 5.26 0.11 13 LBY62 91400.7 — — — — — — 4.95 0.28 6 LBY62 91401.3 64.7 0.16 15 8.08 0.16 15 — — — LBY58 91376.5 73.8 0.02 31 9.22 0.02 31 5.58 0.07 20 LBY58 91378.2 73.0 0.04 29 9.12 0.04 29 5.39 0.02 16 LBY37 91217.1 62.9 0.29 11 7.86 0.29 11 4.97 0.22 7 LBY211 92412.1 88.5 0.01 57 11.1 0.01 57 6.03 0.02 29 LBY206 92350.3 74.3 0.01 32 9.29 0.01 32 5.38 0.02 15 LBY199 92307.1 74.5 0.04 32 9.31 0.04 32 5.39 0.03 15 LBY199 92308.1 69.9 0.17 24 8.74 0.17 24 5.39 0.02 16 LBY176 92509.2 85.3 0.01 51 10.7 0.01 51 5.78 0.01 24 LBY151 92649.2 64.4 0.21 14 8.05 0.21 14 5.18 0.15 11 LBY151 92651.3 64.4 0.27 14 8.05 0.27 14 5.03 0.19 8 LBY143 91470.4 76.4 L 35 9.55 L 35 5.57 L 19 LBY143 91470.7 67.7 0.19 20 9.03 0.02 28 5.44 0.02 17 LBY143 91470.8 71.1 0.07 26 8.89 0.07 26 5.26 0.07 13 CONT. — 56.4 — — 7.05 — — 4.67 — — LBY99 91635.3 62.6 0.07 36 7.82 0.07 36 4.96 L 12 LBY99 91635.4 71.0 L 55 8.88 L 55 5.29 L 19 LBY99 91635.5 63.3 0.02 38 7.91 0.02 38 5.07 0.14 14 LBY99 91636.4 58.0 0.22 26 7.25 0.22 26 4.79 0.05 8 LBY66 92093.3 64.2 0.05 40 8.02 0.05 40 5.08 L 15 LBY218 92159.1 61.5 0.27 34 7.69 0.27 34 5.06 0.24 14 LBY218 92159.3 58.1 L 27 7.26 L 27 4.94 L 12 LBY218 92160.3 59.5 0.03 30 7.44 0.03 30 4.92 0.09 11 LBY218 92162.3 57.6 0.09 26 7.20 0.09 26 4.81 0.21 9 LBY211 92412.1 49.4 0.20 8 6.17 0.20 8 — — — LBY205 92164.1 59.5 0.07 30 7.44 0.07 30 4.90 0.04 11 LBY205 92164.3 59.0 L 29 7.38 L 29 5.06 L 14 LBY199 92308.1 -— — — — — — 4.97 0.26 12 LBY197 92399.1 51.3 0.26 12 6.42 0.26 12 4.70 0.18 6 LBY197 92400.4 57.6 L 26 7.20 L 26 4.87 0.06 10 LBY197 92403.4 60.5 0.06 32 7.56 0.06 32 4.89 0.10 10 LBY195 92191.4 55.7 0.15 21 6.96 0.15 21 4.73 0.14 7 LBY195 92193.2 60.4 0.01 32 7.55 0.01 32 4.99 L 13 LBY195 92193.3 71.0 L 55 8.88 L 55 5.30 L 20 LBY190 91510.2 62.2 L 35 7.77 L 35 4.98 L 13 LBY190 91513.2 63.0 L 37 7.88 L 37 5.07 L 15 LBY190 91513.3 67.2 0.06 46 8.40 0.06 46 5.23 0.02 18 LBY176 92509.2 63.0 0.07 37 7.87 0.07 37 5.07 0.19 14 LBY176 92510.1 54.8 0.21 20 6.85 0.21 20 4.87 0.25 10 LBY164 92669.1 69.8 0.19 52 8.73 0.19 52 5.23 0.21 18 LBY163 91481.3 64.2 0.12 40 8.03 0.12 40 5.05 0.11 14 LBY163 91482.2 66.9 L 46 8.36 L 46 5.19 L 17 LBY163 91482.3 50.9 0.16 11 6.37 0.16 11 4.66 0.06 5 LBY163 91484.6 64.2 L 40 8.03 L 40 5.23 L 18 LBY160 92302.5 54.3 0.01 18 6.78 0.01 18 4.83 L 9 LBY160 92302.6 57.9 0.11 26 7.24 0.11 26 4.78 0.07 8 LBY160 92302.7 61.1 0.22 33 7.63 0.22 33 4.98 0.06 12 LBY151 92649.1 60.6 0.21 32 7.57 0.21 32 5.04 0.22 14 LBY151 92649.3 48.8 0.26 6 6.10 0.26 6 — — — LBY143 91470.4 59.4 0.12 30 7.43 0.12 30 4.83 0.01 9 LBY143 91470.8 52.8 0.02 15 6.60 0.02 15 4.61 0.11 4 LBY105 91386.6 53.5 0.13 17 6.69 0.13 17 — — — LBY100 91410.2 — — — — — — 4.65 0.13 5 LBY100 91410.3 59.2 L 29 7.41 L 29 4.91 0.13 11 LBY100 91410.6 57.7 0.29 26 7.22 0.29 26 4.86 0.19 10 CONT. — 45.9 — — 5.74 — — 4.43 — — LGN43 89052.3 81.0 0.12 17 10.1 0.12 17 5.50 0.14 11 CONT. — 69.2 — — 8.65 — — 4.94 — — LGN13 89084.3 85.3 0.29 11 10.7 0.29 11 — — — CONT. — 76.8 — — 9.60 — — — — — Table 259. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L p < 0.01.

TABLE 260 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Rosette RGR Of Leaf Number RGR Of Plot Coverage Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN43 89053.2 — — — 7.48 0.04 32 0.365 0.08 9 CONT. — — — — 5.65 — — 0.335 — — LGN17 89028.4 — — — 8.75 0.16 16 — — — CONT. — — — — 7.54 — — — — — LGN44 89056.1 0.724 0.28 16 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.625 — — — — — — — — LGN17 89027.1 0.672 0.19 13 8.89 0.21 23 0.394 0.12 18 LGN17 89028.4 0.687 0.08 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.597 — — 7.23 — — 0.334 — — LBY90 91192.2 0.689 0.19 21 — — — — — — LBY90 91192.3 — — — 8.86 0.21 7 — — — LBY90 91193.1 — — — 9.31 0.04 13 0.456 0.20 4 LBY88 91186.4 — — — 9.36 0.11 13 0.479 0.01 9 LBY59 91321.3 — — — — — — 0.461 0.12 5 LBY59 91322.3 — — — 10.1 0.13 22 — — — LBY57 90974.1 0.648 0.08 14 — — — — — — LBY47 91626.1 — — — 9.17 0.16 11 — — — LBY47 91627.3 0.629 0.14 10 — — — — — — LBY47 91628.1 0.672 0.21 18 — — — — — — LBY45 92194.4 — — — 9.66 0.20 17 0.485 L 11 LBY45 92196.3 — — — 9.70 0.24 17 0.476 0.07 8 LBY45 92197.3 — — — 11.5 0.01 39 0.496 0.18 13 LBY40 91310.1 — — — 9.87 0.19 19 — — — LBY40 91310.2 — — — 9.46 0.02 14 0.454 0.19 4 LBY40 91311.1 0.681 0.24 20 — — — — — — LBY40 91314.1 0.623 0.24 9 — — — — — — LBY228 91610.2 0.712 0.10 25 — — — — — — LBY228 91610.4 — — — 9.71 0.23 17 0.463 0.07 6 LBY222 91602.2 0.688 0.16 21 — — — — — — LBY222 91604.4 0.680 0.19 19 — — — — — — LBY221 91417.1 0.621 0.23 9 — — — — — — LBY220 91305.2 0.663 0.23 16 — — — — — — LBY18 91297.2 — — — — — — 0.487 0.27 11 LBY18 91297.4 0.614 0.26 8 — — — — — — LBY16 91595.3 0.671 0.21 18 — — — — — — LBY16 91599.3 — — — 9.06 0.06 10 0.458 0.26 4 LBY16 91599.7 — — — 9.95 0.23 20 — — — LBY129 91585.1 0.656 0.07 15 — — — — — — LBY129 91585.4 0.675 0.21 18 — — — — — — LBY128 91437.2 0.649 0.15 14 — — — — — — LBY128 91439.6 — — — 9.08 0.06 10 — — — LBY100 91410.3 — — — 11.4 0.01 37 0.495 0.19 13 LBY100 91410.4 0.626 0.15 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.570 — — 8.27 — — 0.439 — — LGN61 89105.3 — — — — — — 0.451 0.02 8 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.420 — — LGN61 89106.1 0.696 0.30 18 — — — — — — LGN61 89107.3 — — — 10.6 0.26 20 0.440 0.21 17 CONT. — 0.590 — — 8.80 — — 0.375 — — LBY75 92097.4 0.723 0.19 20 — — — — — — LBY73 92386.2 0.717 0.18 19 — — — — — — LBY69 92171.1 0.707 0.24 17 — — — — — — LBY69 92172.3 0.713 0.20 18 — — — — — — LBY62 91400.7 0.791 0.05 31 — — — — — — LBY190 91513.2 0.699 0.28 16 — — — — — — LBY163 91481.3 — — — — — — 0.488 0.27 13 LBY160 92302.7 0.696 0.28 15 — — — — — — LBY105 91388.1 0.765 0.07 27 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.603 — — — — — 0.434 — — LGN40 90345.1 0.776 0.16 14 — — — — — — LGN40 90346.2 — — — — — — 0.424 0.20 7 LGN40 90347.1 — — — 9.23 0.09 6 0.440 0.06 11 CONT. — 0.682 — — 8.69 — — 0.397 — — LBY84 92213.3 — — — 8.88 0.28 23 — — — LBY75 92096.1 — — — 9.74 0.11 35 0.504 0.28 17 LBY73 92387.3 0.714 0.13 32 — — — — — — LBY73 92388.1 — — — 8.86 0.28 23 — — — LBY69 92169.3 0.775 0.07 44 10.2 0.06 42 — — — LBY66 92091.1 0.703 0.16 30 9.22 0.19 28 — — — LBY66 92093.3 0.701 0.19 30 9.09 0.22 26 — — — LBY58 91376.5 — — — 9.39 0.15 30 0.504 0.29 17 LBY58 91378.2 — — — 9.41 0.16 30 — — — LBY45 92197.3 0.699 0.18 30 — — — — — — LBY211 92412.1 — — — 11.4 0.01 57 0.567 0.06 31 LBY206 92350.3 — — — 9.54 0.13 32 — — — LBY199 92307.1 — — — 9.58 0.13 33 — — — LBY199 92308.1 — — — 8.99 0.25 25 0.505 0.28 17 LBY176 92509.1 0.708 0.19 31 — — — — — — LBY176 92509.2 0.826 0.02 53 10.9 0.02 51 0.522 0.18 21 LBY143 91470.4 — — — 9.80 0.10 36 0.531 0.14 23 LBY143 91470.7 0.665 0.29 23 — — — — — — LBY143 91470.8 — — — 9.16 0.21 27 — — — CONT. — 0.540 — — 7.21 — — 0.431 — — LBY99 91635.3 — — — 8.22 0.06 37 — — — LBY99 91635.4 0.775 0.04 28 9.33 L 56 0.523 0.10 19 LBY99 91635.5 0.709 0.21 17 8.25 0.06 38 0.495 0.30 12 LBY99 91636.4 — — — 7.60 0.16 27 — — — LBY66 92093.3 — — — 8.39 0.04 40 0.493 0.28 12 LBY218 92159.1 — — — 8.09 0.07 35 0.497 0.26 13 LBY218 92159.3 — — — 7.62 0.14 27 — — — LBY218 92160.3 — — — 7.80 0.11 30 — — — LBY218 92162.3 — — — 7.56 0.16 26 — — — LBY205 92164.1 0.726 0.16 20 7.83 0.11 30 — — — LBY205 92164.3 — — — 7.76 0.11 29 0.512 0.16 16 LBY205 92166.2 — — — 7.25 0.28 21 — — — LBY199 92308.1 — — — 7.89 0.11 32 — — — LBY197 92400.4 — — — 7.55 0.16 26 — — — LBY197 92403.4 — — — 7.94 0.09 32 — — — LBY195 92191.4 — — — 7.28 0.24 21 — — — LBY195 92193.2 — — — 7.95 0.08 33 0.500 0.23 14 LBY195 92193.3 0.711 0.19 17 9.31 L 55 0.517 0.13 17 LBY190 91510.2 — — — 8.17 0.05 36 0.492 0.29 12 LBY190 91513.2 — — — 8.25 0.04 38 0.504 0.18 14 LBY190 91513.3 — — — 8.84 0.02 47 0.514 0.15 17 LBY184 92148.1 — — — 7.46 0.22 24 — — — LBY176 92509.2 — — — 8.23 0.05 37 0.499 0.22 13 LBY176 92510.1 — — — 7.20 0.28 20 — — — LBY176 92512.1 — — — 7.28 0.26 21 — — — LBY164 92669.1 0.735 0.11 21 9.19 0.01 53 0.511 0.19 16 LBY163 91481.3 0.766 0.05 26 8.44 0.04 41 0.493 0.29 12 LBY163 91482.2 — — — 8.83 0.02 47 0.513 0.14 16 LBY163 91484.6 — — — 8.41 0.03 40 0.524 0.09 19 LBY160 92302.5 — — — 7.12 0.29 19 — — — LBY160 92302.6 — — — 7.61 0.15 27 — — — LBY160 92302.7 0.704 0.24 16 7.99 0.08 33 — — — LBY151 92649.1 0.757 0.07 25 7.86 0.10 31 0.494 0.29 12 LBY143 91470.4 — — — 7.79 0.10 30 — — — LBY100 91410.3 — — — 7.76 0.11 29 — — — LBY100 91410.6 0.703 0.25 16 7.62 0.16 27 — — — CONT. — 0.608 — — 6.00 — — 0.440 — — LGN43 89052.3 — — — 9.44 0.13 17 0.416 0.21 11 CONT. — — — — 8.07 — — 0.374 — — LGN13 89084.5 0.727 0.03 26 — — — — — — LGN13 89084.6 0.657 0.12 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.577 — — — — — — — — Table 260. “CONT.” Control; “Ave.” Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” p-value, L-p < 0.01.

The genes listed in Tables 261-263 improved plant performance when grown at low nitrogen (Low N) conditions. These genes produced larger plants with a larger photosynthetic area, biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, rosette diameter, rosette area and plot coverage) and relative growth rate (RGR). The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive At6669 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 261 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Leaf Number Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN43 89052.2 — — — 2487.5 0.13 3 10.5 0.30 5 LGN43 89052.3 — — — 2495.8 0.23 3 — — — LGN43 89053.2 241.7 0.04 9 2587.5 0.11 7 — — — CONT. — 221.7 — — 2412.5 — — 10.0 — — LGN44 89055.7 — — — — — — 10.5 0.27 2 LGN44 89056.1 187.5 0.11 7 2195.8 0.23 38 — — — CONT. — 175.4 — — 1587.5 — — 10.3 — — LGN61 89105.2 242.9 0.27 4 3008.3 0.26 4 11.5 0.29 4 LGN61 89105.3 — — — 3175.0 0.04 10 11.2 0.08 2 LGN61 89107.2 — — — — — — 11.6 0.05 5 CONT. 232.9 — — 5895.8 — — 11.0 — — LGN40 90345.1 — — — 2491.7 0.12 4 — — — LGN40 90346.3 — — — 2466.7 0.20 3 — — — LGN40 90347.1 — — — 2454.2 0.27 3 — — — CONT. — — — — 2387.1 — — — — — LGN17 89028.4 303.8 0.14 15 2579.2 0.09 8 — — — CONT. — 263.1 — — 3328.1 — — — — — LGN44 89057.3 — — — — — — 12.7 0.15 6 CONT. — — — — — — — 12.0 — — LGN17 89024.1 315.0 0.09 8 3258.3 0.26 5 12.1 0.09 6 LGN17 89028.4 316.7 0.04 9 3262.5 0.24 5 11.8 0.11 3 CONT. — 290.6 — — 3103.1 — — 11.4 — — LGN20 89089.3 — — — — — — 10.8 0.06 4 LGN20 89091 260.0 0.10 7 3258.3 0.13 7 — — — CONT. — 243.8 — — 3057.1 — — 10.4 — — LGN40 90345.1 — — — — — — 11.8 0.08 11 LGN40 90345.4 271.2 0.03 4 3583.3 0.03 5 11.7 0.05 10 LGN40 90347.1 — — — — — — 11.4 0.18 8 CONT. — 261.7 — — 3408.3 — — 10.6 — — LGN13 89084.3 302.9 0.25 4 — — — 12.5 0.27 6 CONT. — 290.0 — — — — — 11.9 — — Table 261. “CONT.” Control; “Ave.” Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 262 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Plot Coverage [cm²] Rosette Area [cm²] Rosette Diameter [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN43 89053.2 40.5 0.05 27 5.07 0.05 27 3.60 0.07 14 CONT. — 31.9 — — 3.99 — — 3.15 — — LGN61 89105.3 — — — — — — 3.94 0.04 4 LGN61 89107.2 — — — — — — 4.01 0.29 6 LGN61 89107.3 53.4 0.17 13 6.67 0.17 13 4.14 0.09 9 CONT. — 47.1 — — 5.89 — — 3.78 — — LGN17 89028.4 45.8 0.13 14 5.73 0.13 14 3.69 0.19 5 CONT. — 40.1 — — 5.02 — — 3.50 — — LGN61 89107.3 57.7 0.29 12 7.21 0.29 12 — — — CONT. — 51.3 — — 6.42 — — — — — LGN17 89024 59.6 0.03 26 7.45 0.03 26 4.31 0.05 15 LGN17 89028.4 58.3 L 24 7.29 L 24 4.18 L 11 CONT. — 47.2 — — 5.90 — — 3.76 — — LGN40 90345.4 60.8 0.25 22 7.59 0.28 12 — — — CONT. — 49.9 — — 6.78 — — — — — LGN13 89084.3 75.5 0.12 24 9.44 0.12 24 4.86 0.12 13 CONT. — 60.9 — — 7.62 — — 4.32 — — Table 262. “CONT.” Control; “Ave.” Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 263 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Leaf Number RGR Of Plot Coverage RGR Of Rosette Diameter Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN43 89052.2 0.751 0.22 16 — — — — — — LGN43 89052.3 — — — — — — 0.276 0.25 15 LGN43 89053.2 — — — 4.60 0.06 25 0.267 0.14 11 CONT. — 0.646 — — 3.68 — — 0.240 — — LGN61 89105.2 — — — — — — 0.273 0.21 8 LGN61 89105.3 — — — — — — 0.273 0.29 8 LGN61 89106.1 — — — — — — 0.268 0.25 6 LGN61 89107.2 0.724 0.28 13 — — — 0.292 0.10 16 LGN61 89107.3 — — — 5.85 0.28 10 0.278 0.12 11 CONT. — 0.642 — — 5.32 — — 0.252 — — LGN40 90345.1 — — — — — — 0.260 0.27 8 LGN40 90345.3 — — — — — — 0.257 0.27 7 LGN40 90347.1 — — — — — — 0.252 0.22 5 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.241 — — LGN17 89028.4 — — — 5.19 0.21 12 — — — CONT. — — — — 4.62 — — — — — LGN44 89055.7 0.754 0.23 8 — — — — — — LGN44 89057.3 0.792 0.17 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.696 — — — — — — — — LGN17 89024.1 0.744 0.26 6 7.16 0.04 29 0.328 0.05 22 LGN17 89028.4 — — — 6.83 0.01 23 0.290 0.18 8 CONT. — 0.699 — — 5.56 — — 0.269 — — LGN20 89089.3 0.784 0.13 14 — — — — — — LGN20 89091.4 0.772 0.20 12 — — — — — — LGN20 89093.4 0.719 0.29 4 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.691 — — — — — — — — LGN40 90345.1 0.797 0.04 25 — — — — — — LGN40 90345.4 0.734 0.27 15 7.17 0.28 22 — — — LGN40 90347.1 0.754 0.08 19 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.636 — — 5.87 — — — — — LGN13 89084.2 0.728 0.21 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.684 — — — — — — — — LGN13 89084.3 0.693 0.29 11 8.92 0.14 24 — — — CONT. — 0.624 — — 7.20 — — — — — Table 263. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value. L-p < 0.01.

Example 31 Evaluating Transgenic Arabidopsis Under Normal and Low Nitrogen Conditions Using Seedling Analyses of T₂ and T₁ Plants

Seedling analysis of plants growth under favorable (normal) nitrogen concentration levels—Surface sterilized seeds were sown in basal media [50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.8% plant agar as solidifying agent] in the presence of Kanamycin (used as a selecting agent). After sowing, plates were transferred for 2-3 days for stratification at 4° C. and then grown at 25° C. under 12-hour light 12-hour dark daily cycles for 7 to 10 days. At this time point, seedlings randomly chosen were carefully transferred to plates containing ½ MS media (15 mM N, normal conditions). For experiments performed in T₂ lines, each plate contained 5 seedlings of the same transgenic event, and 3-4 different plates (replicates) for each event. For each polynucleotide of the invention at least four-five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct. For experiments performed in T₁ lines, each plate contained 5 seedlings of 5 independent transgenic events and 3-4 different plates (replicates) were planted. In total, for T₁ lines, 20 independent events were evaluated. Plants expressing the polynucleotides of the invention were compared to the average measurement of the control plants (empty vector or GUS reporter gene under the same promoter) used in the same experiment.

Seedling analysis of plants growth under low and favorable nitrogen concentration levels—Low nitrogen is an abiotic stress that impact root growth and seedling growth. Therefore, an assay that examines plant performance under low (0.75 mM Nitrogen) and favorable (15 mM Nitrogen) nitrogen concentrations was performed, as follows.

Surface sterilized seeds were sown in basal media [50% Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.8% plant agar as solidifying agent] in the presence of Kanamycin (used as a selecting agent). After sowing, plates were transferred for 2-3 days for stratification at 4° C. and then grown at 25° C. under 12-hour light 12-hour dark daily cycles for 7 to 10 days. At this time point, seedlings randomly chosen were carefully transferred to plates containing ½ MS media (15 mM N) for the normal nitrogen concentration treatment and 0.75 mM nitrogen for the low nitrogen concentration treatments. For experiments performed in T2 lines, each plate contained 5 seedlings of the same transgenic event, and 3-4 different plates (replicates) for each event. For each polynucleotide of the invention at least four-five independent transformation events were analyzed from each construct. For experiments performed in T1 lines, each plate contained 5 seedlings of 5 independent transgenic events and 3-4 different plates (replicates) were planted. In total, for T1 lines, 20 independent events were evaluated. Plants expressing the polynucleotides of the invention were compared to the average measurement of the control plants (empty vector or GUS reporter gene under the same promoter) used in the same experiment.

Digital imaging—A laboratory image acquisition system, which consists of a digital reflex camera (Canon EOS 300D) attached with a 55 mm focal length lens (Canon EF-S series), mounted on a reproduction device (Kaiser RS), which includes 4 light units (4×150 Watts light bulb) and located in a darkroom, was used for capturing images of plantlets sawn in agar plates.

The image capturing process was repeated every 3-4 days starting at day 1 till day 10 (see for example the images in FIGS. 3A-3F). An image analysis system was used, which consists of a personal desktop computer (Intel P4 3.0 GHz processor) and a public domain program—ImageJ 1.39 [Java based image processing program which was developed at the U.S. National Institutes of Health and freely available on the internet at rsbweb (dot) nih (dot) gov/]. Images were captured in resolution of 10 Mega Pixels (3888×2592 pixels) and stored in a low compression JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group standard) format. Next, analyzed data was saved to text files and processed using the JMP statistical analysis software (SAS institute).

Seedling analysis—Using the digital analysis seedling data was calculated, including leaf area, root coverage and root length.

The relative growth rate for the various seedling parameters was calculated according to the following Formulas XIII (RGR leaf area, above), XXVIII (RGR root coverage, described above) and VI (RGR root length, below).

At the end of the experiment, plantlets were removed from the media and weighed for the determination of plant fresh weight. Plantlets were then dried for 24 hours at 60° C., and weighed again to measure plant dry weight for later statistical analysis. The fresh and dry weights were provided for each Arabidopsis plant. Growth rate was determined by comparing the leaf area coverage, root coverage and root length, between each couple of sequential photographs, and results were used to resolve the effect of the gene introduced on plant vigor under optimal conditions. Similarly, the effect of the gene introduced on biomass accumulation, under optimal conditions, was determined by comparing the plants' fresh and dry weight to that of control plants (containing an empty vector or the GUS reporter gene under the same promoter). From every construct created, 3-5 independent transformation events were examined in replicates.

Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved plant vigor or enlarged root architecture, the results obtained from the transgenic plants were compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested were analyzed separately. To evaluate the effect of a gene event over a control the data was analyzed by Student's t-test and the p value was calculated. Results were considered significant if p≤0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).

Experimental Results

Tables 264-266 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing the gene constructs using the TC-T2 assays [tissue culture (seedling assays), T2 plants, seedling (plantlets) analyses].

The genes presented in Table 264 showed a significant improvement as they produced larger plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight) in T2 generation when grown under low nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669, SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was carried out by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling assay. The results obtained in these second experiments were significantly positive as well.

TABLE 264 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Gene Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Name Event # Ave. P-VaL % Incr. Ave. P-VaL % Incr. LGN35 89043.1 4.15 L 15 65.7 0.02 28 LGN35 89043.2 4.15 0.01 15 57.3 0.25 11 LGN35 89043.3 — — — 58.4 0.03 14 LGN35 89043.4 4.20 L 16 60.5 0.07 18 CONT. — 3.61 — — 51.4 — — LGN39 89931.1 — — — 84.7 0.17 10 LGN39 89931.3 5.47 0.18 15 84.5 0.12 10 LGN39 89931.4 — — — 85.2 0.08 11 LGN34 90400.2 5.35 0.09 12 — — — LGN34 90403.3 5.75 0.20 21 92.8 0.11 21 CONT. — 4.76 — — 76.7 — — NUE3 88975.1 4.30 0.14 17 — — — NUE3 88977.1 3.92 0.27 7 98.6 0.05 40 NUE3 88977.2 4.17 0.18 14 85.8 0.06 21 LGN9 89186.1 3.98 0.29 8 103.6 0.21 47 LGN9 89186.2 — — — 78.9 0.23 12 LGN7 89181.1 — — — 133.4 0.19 89 LGN14 89168.2 — — — 78.6 0.14 11 CONT. — 3.67 — — 70.6 — — LGN26 89036.1 5.65 0.05 25 79.5 0.05 21 LGN26 89036.3 4.88 0.26 8 — — — LGN26 89037.2 6.10 L 35 90.8 0.02 38 LGN26 89037.3 5.75 0.02 27 75.3 0.16 14 CONT. — 4.53 — — 65.9 — — LGN46 89101.1 — — — 74.2 0.15 10 LGN46 89101.4 4.90 0.10 12 83.0 0.12 22 LGN46 89101.7 — — — 74.1 0.18 9 CONT. — 4.71 — — 76.8 — — LGN57 89064.2 5.98 0.03 55 97.2 0.20 40 LGN57 89065.1 4.90 0.10 27 — — — LGN57 89067.1 5.30 0.01 38 88.0 0.18 27 LGN57 89067.2 4.92 0.04 28 — — — CONT. — 3.85 — — 69.3 — — LGN4 89075.2 — — — 81.5 L 23 CONT. — — — — 66.4 — — LGN52 90578.6 4.30 0.19 5 73.8 0.03 9 LGN52 90581.1 4.72 0.02 15 72.9 0.05 7 LGN52 90581.2 5.07 0.04 24 — — — CONT. — 4.10 — — 72.7 — — LGN46 89101.9 5.03 0.16 23 — — — CONT. — 4.09 — — — — — LGN45 91579.5 5.38 0.17 7 — — — CONT. — 5.04 — — — — — LGN23 92317.2 4.42 0.20 12 — — — CONT. — 3.96 — — — — — LGN18 92468.3 4.95 0.17 6 — — — CONT. — 4.66 — — — — — LGN35 89043.2 4.72 0.29 8 — — — CONT. — 4.38 — — — — — LGN33 91570.4 — — — 72.3 0.29 13 LGN33 91572.1 4.15 0.04 14 — — — LGN33 91572.3 3.92 0.08 8 — — — LGN33 91574.4 3.90 0.23 7 — — — CONT. — 3.64 — — 64.0 — — LGN47 91171.4 4.88 0.24 14 — — — LGN47 91174.4 4.77 L 11 — — — CONT. — 4.29 — — — — — LGN42 92204.1 5.35 0.19 5 — — — CONT. — 5.07 — — — — — NUE3 88977.1 3.98 0.23 8 69.9 0.25 11 NUE3 88977.2 4.47 0.03 22 72.5 0.15 15 NUE3 88977.5 4.65 0.07 27 74.9 0.22 19 LGN9 89186.1 — — — 87.5 0.19 39 LGN7 89181.1 4.28 0.13 16 — — — LGN7 89183.2 3.98 0.28 8 — — — LGN14 89165.3 3.98 0.28 8 — — — CONT. — 3.67 — — 62.8 — — LGN49 89079.3 — — — 86.8 0.29 12 LGN49 89081.3 5.98 0.02 18 108.1 0.29 40 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 85.0 0.12 10 CONT. — 5.05 — — 77.2 — — LGN4 89075.2 5.00 L 27 87.5 0.02 19 CONT. — 3.92 — — 73.5 — — LGN23 92316.2 3.95 0.09 11 — — — LGN23 92317.2 4.15 0.27 16 — — — CONT. — 3.56 — — — — — LGN24 89096.3 3.55 0.25 3 — — — CONT. — 3.45 — — — — — LGN5 88198.1 5.40 0.07 8 95.8 0.17 17 LGN5 88198.4 5.88 0.26 18 98.4 0.06 20 LGN5 88203.2 5.00 0.19 7 — — — CONT. — 4.99 — — 82.2 — — LGN47 91174.3 4.98 0.20 13 — — — CONT. — 4.40 — — — — — LGN1 92184.1 4.22 0.10 8 104.6 0.14 32 LGN1 92185.1 4.50 L 15 — — — LGN1 92185.2 4.40 0.10 12 — — — LGN1 92187.1 4.33 0.05 11 122.5 0.23 54 LGN1 92188.1 4.77 0.08 22 — — — CONT. — 3.91 — — 90.8 — — LGN2 89029.2 4.35 0.13 10 — — — LGN2 89029.5 4.30 0.15 9 — — — LGN2 89032.2 4.40 0.11 11 — — — LGN2 89033.1 4.42 0.15 12 75.8 0.22 11 CONT. — 3.96 — — 68.1 — — LGN45 91575.2 — — — 70.5 L 25 LGN45 91575.3 — — — 67.1 0.27 19 LGN45 91579.3 — — — 81.8 0.12 45 LGN45 91579.4 — — — 87.3 0.12 55 LGN45 91579.5 — — — 62.4 0.24 11 CONT. — — — — 56.3 — — LGN33 91574.4 4.15 0.09 10 69.8 0.19 22 CONT. — 3.76 — — 57.3 — — LGN57 89064.2 4.90 0.03 25 84.4 0.02 21 LGN57 89065.1 3.88 0.28 3 — — — LGN57 89066.1 — — — 76.1 0.25 9 CONT. — 3.92 — — 70.0 — — NUE102 90005.1 — — — 67.8 0.18 19 CONT. — — — — 57.0 — — LGN42 92204.2 4.60 0.04 11 — — — LGN42 92204.5 5.17 0.12 25 — — — CONT. — 4.15 — — — — — LGN60 89176.1 5.47 0.13 23 81.9 0.29 8 CONT. — 4.45 — — 75.9 — — Table 264. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value. L-p < 0.01.

The genes presented in Table 265 showed a significant improvement as they produced larger plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight) in T₂ generation when grown under normal growth conditions, compared to control plants. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669, SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was carried out by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling assay. The results obtained in these second experiments were significantly positive as well.

TABLE 265 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Gene Name Event # Ave. P-Val. % Incr. Ave. P-Val. % Incr. LBY200 92754.1 9.63 0.04 43 181.0 L 45 LBY200 92754.3 7.60 0.16 13 159.2 0.02 27 LBY200 92757.1 9.05 0.03 34 214.7 0.16 72 LBY200 92757.2 8.27 0.03 23 168.6 0.08 35 LBY200 92758.3 — — — 149.5 0.27 20 LBY141 92564.1 10.3 0.08 53 188.0 0.07 50 LBY141 92565.2 8.43 0.02 25 173.5 0.06 39 LBY141 92566.3 8.70 0.17 29 158.8 0.16 27 LBY141 92566.4 — — — 151.2 0.19 21 LBY141 92568.1 7.77 0.12 15 154.4 0.15 24 CONT. — 6.74 — — 124.9 — — LGN35 89043.2 8.68 0.04 20 — — — CONT. — 7.21 — — — — — LBY175 92179.1 10.6 0.24 22 — — — LBY175 92181.2 10.4 0.05 20 — — — LBY175 92181.4 9.75 0.29 12 — — — LBY149 92245.2 11.1 0.20 28 — — — LBY140 92265.2 11.1 0.03 28 — — — LBY116 92136.4 11.0 0.10 27 — — — LBY116 92138.6 13.0 L 50 — — — CONT. — 8.68 — — — — — LGN39 89931.3 7.60 0.15 40 131.1 0.15 36 LGN34 90400.2 9.70 L 78 160.7 L 67 LGN34 90403.3 7.22 0.15 33 132.1 0.15 37 CONT. — 5.44 — — 96.2 — — NUE3 88975.1 — — — 131.7 0.26 20 NUE3 88977.1 7.60 0.06 35 148.5 0.08 36 NUE3 88977.2 6.42 0.09 14 168.8 0.15 54 LGN9 89186.1 6.38 0.19 14 140.9 0.03 29 LGN7 89183.3 — — — 125.9 0.29 15 LGN7 89183.8 — — — 133.5 0.10 22 LGN14 89168.1 — — — 128.2 0.21 17 LGN14 89168.2 6.17 0.28 10 122.0 0.20 12 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 148.4 0.26 36 CONT. — 5.61 — — 109.4 — — LBY52 93946.3 10.4 0.29 22 — — — LBY34_H2 93855.2 10.0 0.17 17 — — — LBY34_H2 93856.1 11.2 0.04 30 185.2 0.02 39 LBY27_H4 93931.4 10.3 0.19 21 170.9 0.12 28 LBY148 93767.2 9.57 0.29 12 163.6 0.10 23 CONT. — 8.55 — — 133.3 — — LGN26 89037.2 10.2 0.23 13 177.4 0.28 13 LGN26 89037.3 12.9 L 43 224.2 0.04 43 LGN26 89037.4 12.4 L 38 208.7 0.01 33 CONT. — 9.00 — — 156.9 — — LGN46 89101.3 9.67 0.25 8 — — — LGN46 89101.7 10.6 0.23 15 187.6 0.21 20 CONT. — 9.18 — — 156.5 — — LGN57 89064.2 11.2 0.09 45 212.9 0.11 58 LGN57 89065.1 10.9 0.04 42 179.2 0.05 33 LGN57 89067.1 9.67 0.08 25 188.2 0.05 39 LGN57 89067.2 — — — 159.0 0.26 18 CONT. — 7.74 — — 135.1 — — LGN36 89044.1 11.3 0.10 25 212.2 0.03 33 CONT. — 9.03 — — 159.9 — — LBY185 91498.2 10.7 0.10 29 — — — LBY185 91499.2 10.9 0.12 32 — — — LBY185 91499.3 9.70 0.26 17 242.3 0.23 41 LBY179 91545.2 10.6 L 28 — — — LBY173 91652.1 11.8 L 43 242.5 0.06 41 LBY173 91653.1 11.4 0.26 38 238.1 0.29 38 LBY121 92290.4 11.0 0.07 33 231.8 0.10 35 CONT. — 8.27 — — 172.1 — — LGN54 88208.2 10.7 0.06 18 195.3 0.17 10 CONT. — 9.05 — — 180.3 — — LBY80 92270.1 8.97 0.02 32 — — — LBY78 92311.3 — — — 166.2 0.28 16 LBY78 92311.4 8.97 L 32 177.0 0.04 24 LBY78 92312.2 7.75 0.20 14 165.0 0.28 15 LBY78 92313.5 8.43 0.08 24 176.6 0.24 24 LBY53 92414.1 7.75 0.09 14 — — — LBY53 92418.1 7.75 0.10 14 — — — LBY208 92356.1 8.45 0.03 24 173.0 0.03 21 LBY208 92357.1 9.15 0.02 35 165.8 0.30 16 LBY208 92358.2 8.38 0.02 23 — — — LBY208 92358.4 7.83 0.20 15 178.1 0.27 25 LBY153 92249.2 9.53 0.01 40 194.5 0.01 36 LBY153 92252.2 8.38 0.25 23 — — — LBY153 92253.2 8.35 0.16 23 — — — LBY149 92246.3 8.72 0.27 29 172.2 0.26 20 LBY121 92290.3 8.60 0.10 27 — — — LBY121 92291.4 7.95 0.16 17 188.8 0.20 32 LBY121 92293.2 8.30 0.11 22 167.4 0.29 17 CONT. — 6.79 — — 143.0 — — LGN4 89075.2 — — — 167.8 0.27 16 CONT. — — — — 144.4 — — LGN52 90578.6 7.38 0.25 20 156.5 0.08 30 LGN52 90581.1 6.98 0.26 13 139.1 0.17 16 CONT. — 6.16 — — 119.9 — — LGN41 92101.1 8.93 0.04 31 — — — LGN41 92102.3 8.78 0.11 28 — — — CONT. — 6.84 — — — — — LGN46 89101.4 7.75 0.08 24 140.6 0.27 14 LGN46 89101.9 7.80 0.11 25 152.3 0.10 24 CONT. — 6.24 — — 122.9 — — LGN45 91575.2 12.9 0.02 28 237.4 L 29 LGN45 91575.3 13.0 L 29 283.7 L 54 LGN45 91579.4 11.3 0.16 12 248.0 0.10 35 CONT. — 10.1 — — 183.7 — — LBY92 93921.2 14.2 0.03 53 239.5 L 66 LBY92 93923.3 12.4 0.21 33 197.2 0.18 37 LBY201 93928.1 10.3 0.10 11 — — — LBY148 93764.1 — — — 163.2 0.14 13 LBY106_H3 93918.1 14.4 0.09 55 218.1 0.12 51 CONT. — 9.30 — — 144.0 — — LBY50 91317.3 9.18 0.01 39 177.3 L 42 LBY50 91319.2 6.98 0.20 6 146.2 0.25 17 LBY24 91220.6 7.45 0.25 13 144.4 0.08 16 LBY24 91221.2 8.70 0.22 32 183.0 0.17 46 LBY24 91223.1 7.47 0.29 13 152.3 0.25 22 LBY21 90977.1 7.55 0.14 14 138.2 0.14 11 LBY21 90978.4 — — — 151.9 0.28 22 LBY161 91293.3 8.60 L 30 195.4 0.11 56 LBY161 91294.1 8.78 0.02 33 200.6 0.17 61 LBY161 91294.2 — — — 152.0 0.24 22 LBY15 91142.2 8.40 L 27 149.2 0.02 19 LBY15 91144.2 7.75 0.23 17 — — — LBY15 91144.3 7.62 0.20 16 142.9 0.30 14 CONT. — 6.60 — — 124.9 — — LGN23 92316.2 9.55 0.10 16 187.0 0.15 24 LGN23 92317.2 11.3 0.09 38 225.3 0.01 49 LGN23 92318.1 — — — 169.7 0.30 13 CONT. — 8.21 — — 150.9 — — LGN48 89063.2 — — — 159.5 0.05 24 CONT. — — — — 128.4 — — LGN18 92466.3 12.3 0.06 44 239.0 0.03 64 CONT. — 8.59 — — 146.0 — — LBY41 91620.4 11.4 L 40 201.0 0.12 30 LBY41 91621.1 10.2 0.05 26 197.6 L 28 LBY41 91623.1 — — — 194.6 0.27 26 LBY41 91623.2 9.95 0.08 22 185.4 0.19 20 LBY186 91657.1 12.0 0.03 48 204.2 0.06 32 LBY186 91659.1 12.9 L 59 208.0 0.12 34 LBY186 91659.3 10.8 L 33 202.0 0.10 30 LBY186 91659.4 10.1 0.21 25 203.0 0.12 31 LBY166 91542.5 9.32 0.09 15 198.1 0.04 28 LBY166 91544.3 14.4 L 77 257.0 L 66 LBY166 91544.4 9.25 0.14 14 186.1 0.06 20 LBY166 91544.5 10.1 0.03 24 206.3 0.08 33 CONT. — 8.14 — — 155.0 — — LGN35 89043.1 12.3 L 40 231.9 0.04 47 LGN35 89043.4 10.5 0.13 19 — — — CONT. — 8.80 — — 157.3 — — LGN33 91572.1 7.45 0.02 24 127.4 0.05 20 LGN33 91572.3 7.95 0.02 32 144.4 0.02 36 LGN33 91574.2 7.00 0.26 16 130.4 0.20 23 CONT. — 6.01 — — 106.3 — — LGN18 92468.3 10.3 0.03 33 170.2 0.06 31 LGN18 92468.5 9.62 0.23 24 188.2 0.08 45 CONT. — 7.75 — — 130.2 — — LBY186 91657.1 9.30 0.20 23 161.8 0.12 28 LBY186 91659.1 10.2 0.11 36 161.5 0.15 28 LBY179 91549.1 10.2 0.02 35 164.2 0.02 30 LBY179 91549.3 10.2 0.18 36 170.1 0.15 35 LBY152 91286.1 9.95 0.16 32 171.2 0.10 35 LBY152 91287.1 8.82 0.28 17 147.7 0.27 17 LBY152 91289.2 10.6 0.04 40 173.8 0.08 37 LBY123 91427.1 9.12 0.11 21 170.6 0.07 35 CONT. — 7.56 — — 126.4 — — LBY203 92841.2 9.28 0.05 14 209.4 0.13 49 LBY180 92578.5 9.38 0.02 15 — — — LBY177 92497.1 — — — 195.0 0.15 39 LBY144 93061.6 9.75 L 19 193.8 0.03 38 LBY111 92797.3 10.1 0.08 24 — — — CONT. — 8.16 — — 140.5 — — LGN47 91174.2 9.65 0.22 20 179.3 0.26 17 LGN47 91174.3 10.3 0.17 20 — — — LGN47 91174.4 9.67 0.21 12 170.8 0.21 11 CONT. — 8.64 — — 177.7 — — LGN42 92204.2 11.1 0.12 23 — — — CONT. — 9.00 — — — — — LBY203 92841.2 — — — 143.4 0.20 14 LBY203 92842.4 — — — 165.9 L 32 LBY191 92519.1 — — — 200.1 0.07 59 LBY191 92519.2 10.1 0.17 25 169.4 0.15 34 LBY191 92522.1 — — — 151.0 0.16 20 LBY191 92523.3 — — — 176.1 0.26 40 LBY167 92772.1 — — — 190.1 0.21 51 LBY167 92773.4 9.67 0.08 20 168.5 0.02 34 LBY144 93059.3 10.1 0.03 25 202.9 0.02 61 LBY144 93061.4 — — — 167.1 0.12 33 LBY144 93061.5 8.72 0.21 8 181.0 L 44 LBY144 93061.6 11.1 L 37 190.3 L 51 LBY144 93062.2 — — — 164.4 0.19 31 LBY111 92797.3 8.95 0.25 11 160.0 0.17 27 LBY111 92798.1 9.45 0.18 17 — — — CONT. — 8.08 — — 126.0 — — LGN41 92102.2 6.50 0.02 31 113.5 0.27 11 LGN41 92102.3 6.47 0.23 30 152.8 0.24 49 CONT. — 4.98 — — 102.3 — — NUE3 88975.2 4.70 0.05 17 — — — NUE3 88977.2 5.20 0.12 29 93.5 0.05 27 NUE3 88977.5 — — — 95.2 0.03 29 LGN7 89181.1 5.07 0.19 26 — — — LGN7 89183.2 4.42 0.19 10 — — — LGN14 89165.3 4.98 0.12 24 84.5 0.15 15 LGN14 89167.3 5.40 0.06 34 92.1 0.03 25 LGN14 89168.1 4.47 0.20 11 — — — LGN14 89168.2 4.53 0.13 12 86.0 0.15 17 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 86.7 0.12 18 CONT. — 4.03 — — 73.6 — — LGN4 89075.2 5.77 0.13 22 111.9 0.03 19 CONT. — 4.75 — — 93.9 — — LGN49 89079.1 — — — 185.7 0.23 23 LGN49 89081.3 14.6 0.02 65 265.8 0.04 76 LGN49 89081.4 10.8 0.03 23 190.3 0.03 26 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 174.2 0.21 16 CONT. — 8.82 — — 150.7 — — LGN34 90403.2 9.70 0.26 14 — — — CONT. — 8.47 — — — — — LGN52 90581.4 — — — 148.5 0.04 26 CONT. — — — — 117.5 — — LBY71 93769.2 7.25 0.08 24 131.9 0.08 26 LBY71 93769.3 7.10 0.13 22 128.9 0.14 23 LBY71 93773.2 8.02 0.06 37 139.7 0.04 33 LBY68 93860.3 7.28 0.06 25 137.0 0.09 31 LBY68 93862.1 7.65 0.11 31 139.1 0.08 33 LBY68 93862.2 6.88 0.19 18 124.4 0.18 19 LBY61 94019.1 6.65 0.27 14 — — — LBY61 94023.2 6.80 0.18 16 128.2 0.10 22 LBY6 94111.3 — — — 128.5 0.20 23 LBY52 93946.2 6.92 0.23 19 128.8 0.23 23 LBY5 93941.3 7.58 0.14 30 135.2 0.21 29 LBY44 92492.1 6.72 0.19 15 — — — LBY34_H2 93855.2 8.38 0.03 43 145.2 0.01 39 LBY34_H2 93857.1 8.47 0.03 45 142.5 0.06 36 LBY34_H2 93857.2 8.30 0.02 42 152.4 0.05 45 LBY181 92479.3 7.17 0.14 23 137.1 0.02 31 LBY181 92480.5 7.10 0.10 22 123.9 0.18 18 LBY181 92482.1 7.15 0.11 22 127.9 0.08 22 LBY142 93199.1 7.28 0.06 25 136.8 0.01 31 LBY142 93203.3 8.82 0.02 51 153.2 0.02 46 LBY142 93203.4 8.40 L 44 148.9 L 42 CONT. — 5.84 — — 104.8 — — LBY41 91621.2 8.18 0.04 21 — — — LBY41 91623.1 7.83 0.23 16 — — — LBY41 91623.2 8.05 0.07 19 149.5 0.11 22 LBY173 91652.1 11.4 L 69 198.8 L 63 LBY173 91652.2 7.75 0.26 15 143.2 0.15 17 LBY173 91652.5 16.3 0.02 142 256.3 0.05 110 LBY173 91653.1 7.75 0.20 15 — — — LBY166 91542.5 10.7 0.04 58 188.8 0.08 54 LBY166 91544.5 9.60 0.12 42 165.3 0.25 35 CONT. — 6.75 — — 122.3 — — LBY85 92064.1 8.05 0.19 10 210.5 0.18 33 LBY85 92066.2 8.40 0.27 15 183.0 0.19 16 LBY85 92066.3 9.67 0.04 32 225.5 0.05 43 LBY85 92066.5 9.62 0.02 32 213.3 0.04 35 LBY85 92068.3 8.93 0.28 22 — — — LBY64 91340.4 8.02 0.22 10 178.5 0.13 13 LBY64 91342.3 8.20 0.13 12 193.4 0.01 23 LBY46 92200.3 8.35 0.09 14 — — — LBY46 92201.4 8.70 0.23 19 — — — LBY207 92155.1 9.40 0.06 29 189.7 0.28 20 LBY207 92158.2 9.30 0.20 27 — — — LBY185 91497.2 9.53 L 30 192.1 0.25 22 LBY185 91498.2 8.00 0.27 9 — — — LBY185 91499.2 11.4 0.01 56 260.1 0.05 65 LBY185 91499.3 8.85 0.07 21 190.4 0.06 21 LBY17 92215.4 9.03 0.06 23 215.6 0.07 37 LBY17 92216.2 11.8 0.04 61 241.7 L 53 LBY155 92015.1 10.1 L 38 227.4 0.04 44 LBY155 92016.4 9.48 0.25 30 — — — LBY155 92016.5 8.25 0.24 13 177.9 0.13 13 LBY122 91370.2 11.0 0.05 51 257.8 L 63 LBY122 91371.3 — — — 192.8 0.14 22 LBY122 91371.6 11.2 0.02 54 243.3 0.05 54 LBY122 91374.1 8.57 0.15 17 194.1 0.18 23 CONT. — 7.31 — — 157.8 — — LBY50 91319.2 — — — 178.2 0.12 17 LBY24 91220.6 10.2 0.21 12 175.8 0.24 16 LBY24 91221.2 11.3 0.05 24 183.2 0.28 21 LBY21 90978.4 — — — 172.7 0.09 14 LBY21 90980.1 11.2 0.08 23 — — — LBY152 91286.1 9.97 0.16 9 186.0 0.03 23 LBY152 91289.4 — — — 166.7 0.25 10 LBY123 91428.2 10.8 0.03 18 184.8 0.02 22 LBY123 91429.2 10.1 0.25 11 — — — LBY123 91429.3 10.5 0.07 15 195.1 L 29 LBY114 91393.1 12.1 0.16 32 214.1 0.06 41 LBY114 91393.2 13.2 0.04 45 199.1 0.02 31 CONT. — 9.11 — — 151.7 — — LGN24 89096.3 7.80 0.13 25 — — — CONT. — 6.24 — — — — — LGN23 92316.2 10.4 L 37 208.5 0.08 21 LGN23 92317.2 8.93 0.02 17 — — — CONT. — 7.60 — — 172.5 — — LBY93 92656.1 — — — 200.3 0.28 14 LBY93 92657.3 — — — 227.9 0.24 29 LBY76 92642.1 12.6 L 40 233.2 0.01 32 LBY76 92642.2 11.3 0.20 25 — — — LBY76 92642.3 12.7 L 40 234.7 0.01 33 LBY76 92642.4 10.3 0.25 14 241.8 0.30 37 LBY70 92684.2 13.5 L 49 290.3 0.05 65 LBY70 92685.5 11.1 0.08 23 217.6 0.11 23 LBY70 92686.2 12.4 L 38 237.9 0.22 35 LBY227 92851.1 11.1 0.17 23 223.8 0.26 27 LBY227 92852.3 10.6 0.24 18 240.6 0.03 36 LBY227 92853.1 13.0 L 44 — — — LBY183 92516.2 11.0 0.11 21 — — — LBY180 92578.5 — — — 200.7 0.24 14 LBY159 92150.4 10.6 0.07 17 226.2 0.16 28 LBY159 92152.1 10.3 0.21 14 — — — LBY159 92152.2 13.6 L 50 271.5 0.03 54 LBY159 92152.3 10.9 0.14 21 — — — LBY159 92153.1 10.7 0.21 18 — — — LBY156 92294.1 13.6 L 50 233.4 0.10 32 LBY156 92294.2 10.7 0.05 18 — — — LBY156 92294.3 12.7 0.07 41 239.4 0.16 36 LBY156 92298.1 11.3 0.23 25 — — — LBY156 92298.2 11.8 0.23 30 — — — LBY145 92604.1 — — — 233.8 0.17 33 LBY145 92607.1 — — — 238.0 0.22 35 LBY145 92608.4 11.2 0.18 24 — — — CONT. — 9.04 — — 176.3 — — LGN47 91174.3 10.1 0.06 30 163.8 0.06 23 LGN47 91174.6 9.40 L 22 — — — CONT. — 7.73 — — 133.1 — — LGN1 92185.1 9.05 0.21 27 — — — LGN1 92185.2 8.70 0.28 23 — — — LGN1 92187.1 7.75 0.29 8 163.1 0.24 18 LGN1 92188.1 10.6 0.05 48 210.0 0.12 52 CONT. — 7.15 — — 138.4 — — LGN33 91572.1 — — — 156.2 0.06 32 CONT. — — — — 117.9 — — LGN45 91575.3 14.2 0.02 70 275.9 L 82 LGN45 91579.4 10.4 0.24 24 — — — LGN45 91579.5 10.7 L 28 215.8 0.13 42 CONT. — 8.36 — — 151.9 — — LBY44 92491.2 — — — 152.8 0.26 18 LBY43 92680.1 8.97 0.09 13 — — — LBY181 92479.3 11.7 0.01 47 172.8 0.04 34 LBY181 92480.4 9.80 0.27 23 — — — LBY181 92480.5 12.6 L 58 199.9 0.02 55 LBY181 92482.1 10.6 L 33 171.7 0.05 33 LBY167 92770.4 10.7 0.02 34 180.9 0.16 40 LBY167 92772.2 10.3 0.08 29 196.0 0.02 52 LBY167 92773.1 9.53 0.12 20 163.6 0.12 26 LBY157 92799.3 10.6 0.17 33 165.5 0.16 28 LBY157 92802.2 10.1 0.21 27 — — — LBY157 92802.3 9.50 0.04 19 — — — LBY157 92803.1 11.7 0.01 47 177.2 0.13 37 LBY157 92803.2 11.5 0.05 45 214.5 0.21 66 CONT. — 7.96 — — 129.4 — — LBY53 92414.1 9.65 0.19 31 187.2 0.28 34 LBY53 92416.1 10.7 0.10 46 212.1 0.18 52 LBY53 92417.3 8.88 0.17 21 — — — LBY31 92344.2 — — — 186.1 0.20 33 LBY31 92347.1 — — — 166.8 0.16 19 LBY208 92358.2 9.30 0.29 26 211.8 0.04 51 LBY208 92358.4 9.32 0.14 27 177.9 0.14 27 LBY207 92154.1 8.95 0.19 22 195.9 0.12 40 LBY207 92155.1 9.65 0.09 31 189.6 0.12 36 LBY207 92157.3 10.0 0.07 36 — — — LBY175 92179.3 9.10 0.29 24 — — — LBY175 92180.3 10.8 0.16 46 213.7 0.24 53 LBY175 92181.3 10.5 0.18 42 210.2 0.24 50 LBY175 92181.4 12.1 0.07 65 213.9 0.10 53 LBY140 92265.2 10.6 L 43 181.4 0.06 30 LBY140 92266.3 8.60 0.26 17 161.8 0.30 16 LBY116 92136.3 10.1 0.03 37 185.6 0.04 33 LBY116 92136.4 11.8 0.14 60 206.2 0.27 47 LBY116 92138.6 11.0 0.04 49 200.2 0.09 43 CONT. — 7.36 — — 139.9 — — LGN2 89029.2 11.2 0.03 46 218.5 0.13 58 LGN2 89029.5 9.70 L 27 192.2 0.10 39 LGN2 89032.2 9.07 0.28 19 — — — LGN2 89032.3 8.68 0.07 14 196.9 0.14 43 LGN2 89033.1 9.83 0.09 29 166.9 0.18 21 CONT. — 7.61 — — 138.1 — — LGN57 89064.2 9.28 L 45 184.3 L 41 LGN57 89067.3 7.85 L 23 139.2 0.15 9 CONT. — 6.39 — — 131.1 — — LGN42 92204.3 8.62 0.06 17 — — — CONT. — 7.35 — — — — — NUE102 90004.2 11.4 0.19 22 190.5 0.24 29 NUE102 90004.3 10.6 0.07 14 169.4 0.06 15 NUE102 90005.1 11.9 0.13 28 189.8 0.12 28 NUE102 90005.3 11.5 0.03 24 181.9 0.03 23 CONT. — 9.30 — — 147.8 — — LBY85 92064.1 9.97 L 27 178.8 L 26 LBY85 92066.3 8.90 0.06 13 170.1 0.15 20 LBY85 92066.5 9.28 0.12 18 177.7 0.05 25 LBY64 91342.6 9.45 0.18 20 173.7 0.10 22 LBY46 92200.3 — — — 247.5 0.05 74 LBY46 92201.2 10.2 0.12 29 184.8 0.01 30 LBY46 92201.4 10.4 0.08 32 197.7 0.07 39 LBY46 92202.1 8.93 0.18 13 157.7 0.22 11 LBY17 92215.4 — — — 205.7 0.18 45 LBY17 92216.3 10.9 L 39 218.8 0.02 54 LBY155 92015.1 9.85 0.07 25 211.3 L 49 LBY155 92016.7 10.2 0.06 29 186.8 0.02 31 LBY122 91371.2 8.72 0.15 11 172.9 0.23 22 LBY122 91371.3 — — — 200.1 0.08 41 LBY122 91371.4 — — — 170.1 0.12 20 LBY122 91371.6 — — — 167.7 0.21 18 LBY122 91374.1 9.72 0.23 23 190.0 0.23 33 CONT. — 7.88 — — 142.3 — — LGN60 89174.2 9.32 0.04 27 170.0 0.19 14 LGN60 89175.3 8.78 0.08 19 169.6 0.25 14 LGN60 89176.1 10.2 0.16 38 — — — LGN60 89176.2 8.60 0.16 17 — — — CONT. — 7.35 — — 148.5 — — LBY92 93921.2 14.2 0.03 53 239.5 L 66 LBY92 93923.3 12.4 0.21 33 197.2 0.18 37 CONT. — 9.30 — — 144.0 — — Table 265. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

The genes presented in Table 264 showed a significant improvement as they produced larger plant biomass (plant fresh and dry weight) in T2 generation when grown under low nitrogen growth conditions, compared to control plants. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669, SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was carried out by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling assay. The results obtained in these second experiments were significantly positive as well.

TABLE 266 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Gene Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Name Event # Ave. P-VaL % Incr. Ave. P-VaL % Incr. LBY186 91657.1 4.45 0.11 16 — — — LBY186 91659.1 4.15 0.23 8 — — — LBY186 91659.3 4.42 0.02 15 75.2 0.08 17 LBY179 91549.1 4.25 0.27 10 — — — LBY152 91286.1 4.50 0.01 17 — — — LBY152 91288.2 4.45 0.05 16 — — — LBY123 91428.2 4.15 0.16 8 — — — LBY123 91429.2 4.10 0.19 6 — — — LBY123 91429.3 4.20 0.15 9 — — — LBY114 91391.2 4.30 0.13 12 73.7 0.16 15 CONT. — 3.85 — — 64.1 — — LBY203 92839.1 4.83 0.13 10 73.0 0.14 20 LBY203 92841.2 — — — 80.9 0.03 33 LBY203 92842.3 — — — 95.1 0.06 56 LBY180 92576.2 — — — 75.8 0.10 25 LBY180 92576.3 4.65 0.25 6 71.3 0.18 17 LBY180 92578.5 4.85 0.04 11 — — — LBY177 92495.1 — — — 77.1 0.10 27 LBY177 92497.3 — — — 72.2 0.29 19 LBY144 93059.3 — — — 80.1 0.13 32 LBY144 93061.4 — — — 78.3 L 29 LBY144 93061.6 5.10 0.29 16 82.5 0.15 36 LBY111 92794.4 5.00 0.11 14 72.2 0.17 19 LBY111 92797.1 — — — 80.7 0.02 33 LBY111 92798.1 — — — 69.0 0.11 13 LBY111 92798.4 — — — 70.5 0.18 16 CONT. — 4.39 — — 60.9 — — LBY191 92523.3 4.72 0.08 7 — — — LBY167 92773.4 4.62 0.26 5 — — — LBY144 93059.3 4.80 0.09 8 — — — CONT. — 4.42 — — — — — LBY78 92311.4 4.88 0.22 10 — — — LBY31 92344.1 5.00 0.08 13 99.2 0.04 31 LBY31 92345.4 5.20 0.15 18 — — — LBY175 92179.1 5.05 0.07 14 — — — LBY175 92181.2 5.22 L 18 87.0 0.11 15 LBY175 92181.4 5.55 0.09 26 91.9 0.20 21 LBY140 92268.2 — — — 81.6 0.18 8 LBY116 92136.4 4.95 0.18 12 84.8 0.19 12 CONT. — 4.41 — — 75.7 — — LBY5 93939.4 5.95 0.19 35 100.7 0.17 44 LBY34_H2 93856.1 4.90 0.08 11 — — — LBY27_H4 93930.1 — — — 93.3 0.22 34 LBY183 92516.5 5.70 0.14 29 87.6 0.03 26 LBY159 92152.3 — — — 83.5 0.04 20 LBY159 92153.1 4.95 0.21 12 — — — LBY157 92803.1 5.58 L 26 — — — LBY148 93767.2 — — — 81.2 0.09 16 LBY148 93768.1 4.85 0.11 10 — — — CONT. — 4.41 — — 69.7 — — LBY80 92269.3 4.60 L 17 66.8 0.05 25 LBY80 92270.1 4.55 0.01 16 68.1 0.21 28 LBY80 92272.2 4.42 0.20 13 67.3 0.27 26 LBY80 92273.1 4.55 L 16 86.4 0.19 62 LBY185 91497.1 4.70 L 20 73.8 0.26 38 LBY185 91497.2 4.42 0.03 13 60.6 0.03 14 LBY185 91498.2 5.03 0.04 28 69.2 0.23 30 LBY185 91499.2 5.30 L 35 — — — LBY179 91545.2 4.60 0.01 17 — — — LBY179 91547.2 4.88 0.03 24 — — — LBY179 91549.1 4.95 0.11 26 — — — LBY173 91651.2 4.28 0.21 9 — — — LBY173 91652.1 5.58 0.07 42 75.0 0.02 41 LBY173 91652.2 5.58 L 42 79.7 L 49 LBY173 91652.3 — — — 69.7 0.08 31 LBY173 91653.1 4.92 0.07 25 74.4 0.14 39 LBY153 92249.2 — — — 59.0 0.11 11 LBY153 92253.2 4.53 0.07 15 — — — LBY121 92290.3 4.30 0.09 10 60.2 0.27 13 LBY121 92291.2 — — — 59.0 0.20 11 LBY121 92291.4 4.25 0.09 8 60.7 0.18 14 CONT. — 3.92 — — 53.4 — — LBY71 93773.2 — — — 69.4 0.24 12 LBY68 93862.1 — — — 71.4 0.12 15 LBY52 93946.2 — — — 77.7 L 26 LBY44 92491.2 — — — 71.7 0.24 16 LBY216 94080.3 — — — 71.2 0.03 15 LBY20 94085.1 4.58 0.08 15 75.1 0.05 21 LBY181 92479.3 — — — 74.3 0.10 20 LBY142 93199.1 — — — 72.0 0.03 16 LBY142 93203.4 4.45 0.06 12 76.5 0.11 23 CONT. — 3.98 — — 61.9 — — LBY41 91621.1 4.00 L 13 66.4 0.18 10 LBY41 91621.2 4.00 L 13 — — — LBY41 91623.2 4.03 0.03 13 65.1 0.30 8 LBY173 91651.2 3.85 0.11 8 — — — LBY173 91652.1 4.60 L 30 75.3 0.10 24 LBY173 91652.5 5.75 L 62 76.6 0.08 26 LBY166 91542.5 4.05 0.03 14 70.6 0.09 17 LBY166 91544.4 — — — 64.6 0.25 7 LBY166 91544.5 4.05 0.18 14 — — — CONT. — 3.55 — — 60.6 — — LBY85 92064.1 3.95 0.28 7 — — — LBY85 92066.2 4.22 0.13 15 — — — LBY85 92066.3 4.72 L 29 — — — LBY85 92066.5 4.75 L 29 — — — LBY85 92068.3 4.33 0.16 18 — — — LBY64 91340.4 4.05 0.14 10 — — — LBY64 91342.3 4.40 0.02 20 101.0 0.29 21 LBY46 92200.3 4.60 0.07 25 — — — LBY207 92155.1 4.58 0.01 24 — — — LBY207 92157.3 4.25 0.07 16 — — — LBY207 92158.2 4.65 0.05 27 109.4 0.30 31 LBY185 91497.1 4.25 0.14 16 — — — LBY185 91497.2 4.42 0.01 20 — — — LBY185 91498.2 4.42 0.02 20 — — — LBY185 91499.2 4.85 0.17 32 — — — LBY17 92216.2 4.38 0.09 19 — — — LBY155 92015.1 4.38 0.05 19 — — — LBY155 92016.4 4.33 0.02 18 — — — LBY122 91370.2 4.75 0.01 29 — — — LBY122 91371.3 4.20 0.20 14 — — — LBY122 91371.6 4.75 L 29 — — — LBY122 91374.1 4.45 0.01 21 — — — CONT. — 3.67 — — 83.3 — — LBY50 91317.3 — — — 73.0 0.15 14 LBY50 91318.1 4.83 0.18 11 75.2 0.26 17 LBY50 91318.2 4.90 0.17 13 78.7 0.05 23 LBY50 91318.4 — — — 75.6 0.03 18 LBY50 91319.2 5.05 0.02 16 80.6 0.13 26 LBY24 91220.6 4.72 0.06 9 81.2 0.08 27 LBY24 91221.1 4.77 0.26 10 79.2 L 23 LBY24 91221.2 5.00 0.09 15 78.0 0.07 22 LBY24 91223.2 — — — 86.6 0.17 35 LBY21 90977.1 — — — 79.2 0.12 23 LBY21 90980.1 4.80 0.19 11 73.1 0.15 14 LBY161 91292.1 — — — 76.1 0.02 19 LBY161 91292.5 4.92 L 14 76.2 0.02 19 LBY161 91293.3 5.33 L 23 81.4 0.02 27 LBY152 91286.1 — — — 74.3 0.04 16 LBY152 91287.1 4.83 0.02 11 81.2 L 27 LBY152 91288.2 — — — 72.3 0.11 13 LBY152 91289.2 5.33 0.06 23 73.5 0.22 15 LBY152 91289.4 4.55 0.28 5 — — — LBY15 91143.1 — — — 76.5 0.21 19 LBY15 91144.1 4.80 0.03 11 70.2 0.27 10 LBY15 91144.2 4.58 0.24 5 88.8 L 39 LBY15 91144.3 4.92 0.08 14 — — — LBY123 91429.3 5.00 0.26 15 — — — LBY114 91391.2 — — — 77.0 0.02 20 LBY114 91393.1 4.62 0.16 7 — — — CONT. — 4.34 — — 64.1 — — LBY80 92269.4 4.85 0.19 14 — — — LBY53 92418.1 — — — 106.3 0.15 35 LBY153 92252.2 4.62 0.23 9 109.9 0.18 40 LBY149 92246.3 5.00 0.08 18 — — — CONT. — 4.24 — — 78.5 — — LBY180 92576.2 — — — 149.2 0.30 54 LBY156 92294.3 5.33 0.17 5 — — — CONT. — 5.07 — — 96.7 — — LBY20 94085.1 5.33 0.26 10 — — — LBY106_H3 93918.1 5.72 0.29 18 — — — CONT. — 4.86 — — — — — LBY53 92415.1 5.62 L 23 — — — LBY31 92344.1 5.33 0.13 16 101.1 0.14 26 LBY208 92358.2 5.47 0.04 19 — — — LBY207 92155.1 5.40 0.11 18 — — — LBY207 92157.3 5.72 L 25 — — — LBY175 92179.1 5.20 0.23 13 — — — LBY175 92181.3 5.15 0.22 12 95.0 0.10 18 LBY175 92181.4 5.03 0.25 10 — — — LBY140 92265.2 5.12 0.01 12 — — — LBY140 92266.3 5.35 0.05 17 89.6 0.26 11 LBY116 92136.3 5.50 0.02 20 — — — LBY116 92138.6 5.17 0.10 13 — — — CONT. — 4.59 — — 80.4 — — LBY44 92491.2 — — — 62.9 0.11 15 LBY181 92482.1 4.98 0.04 8 — — — LBY167 92770.4 — — — 68.0 0.20 24 LBY167 92773.1 5.28 L 15 67.2 0.15 22 LBY167 92773.4 4.85 0.15 5 66.4 0.09 21 LBY157 92802.2 5.10 0.16 11 70.3 0.08 28 LBY157 92802.3 5.30 0.23 15 68.7 0.13 25 LBY157 92803.1 5.03 0.21 9 72.3 L 32 LBY157 92803.2 — — — 63.8 0.29 16 CONT. — 4.60 — — 54.9 — — LBY41 91621.2 5.15 0.17 9 — — — LBY41 91623.1 5.10 0.20 8 — — — LBY41 91623.2 — — — 94.7 0.28 14 CONT. — 4.71 — — 83.1 — — LBY85 92066.3 4.30 0.12 7 — — — LBY64 91342.3 4.42 0.03 10 86.1 0.04 16 LBY46 92200.3 4.38 0.22 9 — — — LBY46 92201.2 4.68 L 16 — — — LBY46 92201.4 4.65 0.19 16 — — — LBY122 91371.2 4.75 L 18 — — — LBY122 91371.6 4.42 0.30 10 — — — LBY122 91374.1 — — — 78.2 0.25 5 CONT. — 4.03 — — 74.3 — — Table 266. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

The genes presented in Tables 267 and 268 below show a significant improvement in plant performance since they produced a larger leaf biomass (leaf area) and root biomass (root length and root coverage) (Table 267) and a higher relative growth rate of leaf area, root coverage and root length (Table 268) when grown under normal growth conditions, compared to control plants. Plants producing larger root biomass have better possibilities to absorb larger amount of nitrogen from soil. Plants producing larger leaf biomass have better ability to produce assimilates. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling analysis. This second experiment confirmed the significant increment in leaf and root performance. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 267 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Roots Coverage Leaf Area [cm²] [cm²] Roots Length [cm] P- % P- % P- % Gene Name Event # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY200 92754.1 0.888 L 26 11.9 0.01 22 — — — LBY200 92754.3 — — — 11.4 0.15 17 — — — LBY200 92757.1 0.871 0.04 23 12.9 0.01 31 — — — LBY200 92757.2 0.819 0.03 16 12.2 L 25 — — — LBY141 92564.1 0.907 0.10 28 — — — — — — LBY141 92565.2 0.808 0.01 14 — — — — — — LBY141 92566.3 0.790 0.28 12 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.706 — — 9.78 — — — — — LGN35 89043.2 0.791 0.14 14 — — — — — — LGN35 89043.3 — — — 9.81 0.21 18 7.62 L 11 LGN35 89043.4 0.896 0.03 29 10.3 0.10 24 — — — CONT. — 0.693 — — 8.29 — — 6.85 — — LBY78 92311.4 — — — 13.8 0.18 18 7.88 0.04 7 LBY78 92312.2 — — — — — — 7.77 0.25 5 LBY78 92313.1 — — — — — — 7.79 0.14 5 LBY31 92344.1 — — — — — — 7.58 0.29 3 LBY175 92179.1 0.968 0.29 15 — — — 7.84 0.04 6 LBY175 92179.3 0.949 0.19 12 — — — — — — LBY175 92181.2 1.01 L 19 13.3 0.16 14 7.83 0.09 6 LBY175 92181.3 — — — — — — 7.65 0.27 4 LBY175 92181.4 — — — — — — 7.75 0.14 5 LBY140 92265.1 — — — — — — 7.76 0.28 5 LBY140 92265.2 0.971 0.04 15 — — — 7.82 0.03 6 LBY140 92266.1 — — — — — — 7.77 0.13 5 LBY116 92136.4 0.958 0.12 13 — — — — — — LBY116 92138.6 1.10 L 30 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.845 — — 11.7 — — 7.39 — — LGN39 89931.3 — — — 8.07 0.27 18 — — — LGN39 89931.4 0.603 0.11 28 — — — — — — LGN34 90400.2 0.763 L 62 9.34 0.06 37 — — — LGN34 90403.3 0.568 0.07 21 8.90 0.14 30 — — — CONT. — 0.470 — — 6.83 — — — — — NUE3 88975.1 — — — 9.37 0.18 26 — — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — 9.73 L 31 7.65 L 14 NUE3 88977.1 0.789 0.08 25 10.1 0.06 35 7.80 L 16 NUE3 88977.2 0.700 0.19 11 9.43 L 27 7.60 0.02 13 NUE3 88977.4 — — — — — — 7.21 0.19 7 LGN9 89186.1 0.702 0.18 11 9.11 0.16 22 — — — LGN9 89186.2 — — — 8.81 0.05 18 7.77 L 16 LGN9 89187.2 — — — 9.44 L 27 7.16 0.05 7 LGN7 89181.2 — — — — — — 7.20 0.04 7 LGN7 89183.3 — — — — — — 7.39 0.04 10 LGN7 89183.8 0.692 0.29 10 8.84 0.29 19 7.28 0.08 9 LGN14 89167.3 — — — 10.3 0.06 38 7.46 0.04 11 LGN14 89168.2 0.685 0.27 9 9.24 0.01 24 7.14 0.07 6 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 8.73 0.22 17 — — — CONT. — 0.630 — — 7.45 — — 6.71 — — LBY68 93862.2 — — — 12.0 0.04 18 8.20 0.16 6 LBY52 93946.2 0.876 0.29 12 — — — — — — LBY52 93946.3 0.901 0.27 15 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93856.1 0.940 L 20 13.3 0.05 31 8.30 0.10 8 LBY27_H4 93931.4 0.937 0.11 19 — — — — — — LBY183 92516.5 0.920 0.03 17 11.3 0.18 12 — — — LBY159 92153.1 — — — 12.6 0.26 24 8.15 0.26 6 LBY157 92803.1 0.963 0.06 23 — — — — — — LBY148 93764.3 — — — — — — 8.14 0.26 5 LBY148 93767.2 — — — 11.5 0.13 13 8.11 0.29 5 LBY148 93768.1 0.884 0.14 13 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.785 — — 10.2 — — 7.72 — — LGN26 89037.2 0.849 0.29 12 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.3 1.04 L 37 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.4 1.13 L 49 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.755 — — — — — — — — LGN46 89101.1 — — — 13.2 0.11 13 7.92 0.16 2 LGN46 89101.7 0.935 0.23 12 — — — 7.84 0.23 3 CONT. — 0.833 — — 11.7 — — 7.73 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.863 0.29 21 12.0 0.03 29 7.78 0.14 9 LGN57 89065.1 0.907 0.05 27 10.6 0.23 13 — — — LGN57 89067.1 0.834 0.16 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.714 — — 9.36 — — 7.15 — — LGN36 89044.1 0.878 0.22 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.791 — — — — — — — — LBY80 92273.1 — — — — — — 7.81 0.18 4 LBY185 91497.2 — — — — — — 7.74 0.22 3 LBY185 91498.2 0.956 0.09 16 — — — — — — LBY179 91545.2 0.929 0.07 12 12.7 0.09 14 7.97 0.02 6 LBY179 91545.4 — — — — — — 8.11 L 8 LBY179 91549.3 — — — — — — 8.02 0.03 7 LBY173 91652.1 0.986 0.08 19 — — — 7.72 0.17 3 LBY121 92290.4 0.914 0.07 10 — — — — — — LBY121 92291.4 0.943 0.17 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.827 — — 11.2 — — 7.52 — — LGN54 88206.1 — — — — — — 7.94 0.07 5 LGN54 88206.4 — — — — — — 7.83 0.22 4 LGN54 88207.1 — — — — — — 7.76 0.29 3 LGN54 88208.2 0.963 0.02 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.820 — — — — — 7.53 — — LBY80 92269.3 — — — 9.36 0.01 20 7.82 0.03 9 LBY80 92270.1 0.784 0.02 25 9.40 0.04 21 7.69 0.08 7 LBY78 92311.3 0.704 0.12 12 9.96 0.08 28 7.81 0.07 9 LBY78 92311.4 0.723 L 15 10.2 0.11 31 8.09 0.04 13 LBY78 92312.2 — — — 9.28 0.06 19 7.99 0.07 12 LBY78 92313.5 — — — 9.38 L 21 7.88 0.06 10 LBY53 92414.1 0.689 0.09 10 9.14 0.04 18 7.69 0.08 7 LBY53 92418.1 0.688 0.04 10 — — — 7.57 0.26 6 LBY208 92356.1 0.680 0.07 8 8.62 0.11 11 — — — LBY208 92357.1 0.750 0.07 20 9.20 0.05 18 — — — LBY208 92358.2 0.705 L 12 8.45 0.25 9 — — — LBY153 92249.2 0.779 L 24 9.51 0.09 22 — — — LBY153 92252.2 — — — 8.82 0.12 14 7.55 0.23 5 LBY153 92253.2 0.709 0.23 13 9.77 0.02 26 7.77 0.05 8 LBY149 92246.3 — — — 11.3 0.14 45 7.76 0.08 8 LBY149 92247.3 0.686 0.12 9 8.68 0.21 12 7.65 0.08 7 LBY121 92290.3 0.738 0.09 18 9.44 L 22 7.93 0.02 11 LBY121 92291.4 0.709 0.02 13 — — — — — — LBY121 92293.2 0.710 0.05 13 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.627 — — 7.77 — — 7.16 — — LGN4 89075.2 0.780 0.25 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.682 — — — — — — — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — 9.04 0.26 17 — — — LGN52 90581.1 — — — 8.96 0.29 16 7.88 0.15 5 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 11.0 0.13 43 — — — CONT. — — — — 7.72 — — 7.53 — — LGN41 92101.1 0.768 0.18 18 — — — — — — LGN41 92102.1 0.731 0.17 13 — — — — — — LGN41 92102.3 0.813 0.05 25 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.649 — — — — — — — — LGN46 89101.4 — — — 13.2 0.04 38 8.67 0.07 10 LGN46 89101.9 0.698 0.16 17 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.594 — — 9.53 — — 7.91 — — LGN45 91575.2 0.926 0.02 17 — — — — — — LGN45 91575.3 0.912 L 15 — — — 7.68 0.19 4 LGN45 91579.3 0.887 0.30 12 — — — — — — LGN45 91579.4 0.860 0.22 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.791 — — — — — 7.39 — — LBY95 94683.4 0.894 0.27 14 — — — 8.26 0.09 6 LBY92 93921.2 1.09 0.01 39 20.5 L 86 — — — LBY92 93923.3 0.931 0.30 19 19.6 0.06 78 8.16 0.19 5 LBY6 94111.3 — — — — — — 8.09 0.21 4 LBY201 93925.1 — — — 12.4 0.06 13 — — — LBY148 93765.1 — — — — — — 8.08 0.27 4 LBY148 93767.2 — — — 12.4 0.28 12 8.16 0.18 5 LBY106_H3 93918.1 0.927 0.20 18 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.786 — — 11.0 — — 7.80 — — LBY50 91317.3 0.872 L 49 11.1 L 39 7.74 0.03 5 LBY50 91318.2 0.766 0.17 31 — — — — — — LBY50 91319.2 — — — 9.31 0.05 16 — — — LBY24 91220.6 — — — 10.2 0.04 27 7.79 0.01 6 LBY24 91221.2 0.758 0.11 30 — — — — — — LBY24 91223.1 0.680 0.25 16 — — — — — — LBY24 91223.3 — — — — — — 7.62 0.04 4 LBY21 90977.1 — — — 9.48 0.10 18 7.76 0.04 6 LBY21 90978.4 0.661 0.14 13 8.73 0.26 9 7.54 0.24 3 LBY21 90979.2 0.645 0.11 10 — — — — — — LBY161 91292.1 0.653 0.21 12 — — — — — — LBY161 91292.5 0.722 0.03 24 9.51 0.09 19 — — — LBY161 91293.3 0.789 L 35 8.87 0.21 11 — — — LBY161 91294.1 0.789 0.02 35 10.6 0.08 32 7.65 0.03 4 LBY161 91294.2 0.719 L 23 9.21 0.30 15 — — — LBY15 91142.2 0.729 L 25 9.57 0.10 19 7.64 0.03 4 LBY15 91143.1 — — — — — — 7.83 0.08 7 LBY15 91144.2 0.668 0.22 14 9.73 0.18 21 7.59 0.21 3 LBY15 91144.3 0.653 0.06 12 9.28 0.12 16 — — — CONT. — 0.584 — — 8.03 — — 7.35 — — LGN23 92316.2 0.781 0.10 10 — — — — — — LGN23 92317.2 0.861 0.02 21 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.711 — — — — — — — — LGN48 89060.1 0.919 0.06 24 — — — — — — LGN48 89061.2 — — — — — — 7.38 0.25 4 CONT. — 0.743 — — — — — 7.20 — — LGN18 92466.3 0.967 0.06 21 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.797 — — — — — — — — LBY41 91620.4 1.06 L 36 14.1 L 31 8.13 0.29 2 LBY41 91621.1 0.947 0.05 21 — — — — — — LBY41 91623.2 0.982 0.07 25 — — — 8.09 0.28 2 LBY186 91657.1 1.01 0.11 29 13.2 0.06 23 — — — LBY186 91659.1 1.19 L 52 14.9 L 38 8.22 0.09 3 LBY186 91659.3 0.996 L 27 14.4 L 34 8.22 0.08 3 LBY186 91659.4 0.967 0.11 24 — — — — — — LBY166 91542.5 0.890 0.09 14 — — — — — — LBY166 91544.3 1.17 0.03 49 14.1 0.12 32 — — — LBY166 91544.5 0.896 0.07 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.782 — — 10.8 — — 7.96 — — LGN35 89043.1 1.06 0.07 21 12.3 L 29 7.77 0.25 6 LGN35 89043.4 1.02 0.16 17 10.9 0.22 14 — — — CONT. — 0.873 — — 9.53 — — 7.35 — — LGN33 91572.1 0.691 0.04 16 8.93 0.17 21 — — — LGN33 91572.3 0.709 0.04 19 — — — — — — LGN33 91574.2 0.697 0.12 17 — — — — — — LGN33 91574.4 0.671 0.12 13 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.596 — — 7.39 — — — — — LGN18 92466.3 0.797 0.21 15 — — — — — — LGN18 92468.3 0.883 0.01 27 12.3 0.12 13 — — — LGN18 92468.5 0.840 0.13 21 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.695 — — 10.9 — — — — — LBY186 91657.1 0.851 0.14 17 — — — — — — LBY186 91659.1 0.932 0.01 28 11.8 0.04 34 — — — LBY186 91659.4 0.827 0.07 14 — — — — — — LBY179 91549.1 0.910 L 25 10.6 0.03 20 — — — LBY152 91286.1 0.866 0.16 19 — — — — — — LBY152 91288.2 — — — — — — 7.85 0.06 5 LBY152 91289.2 0.861 0.07 18 10.9 0.13 24 — — — LBY123 91427.1 — — — 10.8 0.03 23 7.85 0.24 5 LBY123 91429.3 — — — 11.2 0.09 26 — — — CONT. — 0.727 — — 8.83 — — 7.45 — — LBY180 92578.5 0.944 0.06 12 — — — — — — LBY144 93061.5 — — — — — — 8.44 0.16 5 LBY144 93061.6 0.942 0.04 12 — — — — — — LBY111 92794.4 — — — — — — 8.14 0.27 2 LBY111 92797.1 0.918 0.29 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.842 — — — — — 8.01 — — LGN47 91171.4 — — — 12.3 0.24 12 7.91 0.26 2 LGN47 91174.3 — — — 12.1 0.04 11 — — — LGN47 91174.4 0.948 0.25 8 12.9 0.20 18 7.81 0.03 3 CONT. — 0.916 — — 12.2 — — 7.75 — — LGN42 92204.1 0.810 0.28 11 11.7 0.13 24 7.93 0.02 10 LGN42 92204.3 — — — 11.4 0.20 21 7.82 0.07 9 LGN42 92204.5 — — — — — — 7.87 0.02 9 LGN42 92207.1 — — — — — — 7.94 0.19 10 CONT. — 0.732 — — 9.44 — — 7.20 — — LBY191 92519.2 0.832 0.14 21 — — — — — — LBY191 92523.3 — — — 10.9 0.28 8 — — — LBY144 93059.3 0.773 0.05 13 — — — — — — LBY144 93061.6 0.846 L 23 — — — — — — LBY111 92797.1 — — — — — — 7.73 0.22 4 LBY111 92797.3 — — — — — — 7.83 0.12 6 LBY111 92798.1 — — — 11.4 0.04 13 7.97 0.06 8 CONT. — 0.686 — — 10.1 — — 7.41 — — LGN41 92102.3 0.676 0.28 21 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.559 — — — — — — — — NUE3 88975.2 0.423 0.15 13 — — — — — — NUE3 88977.1 — — — 6.65 0.10 31 — — — NUE3 88977.2 0.450 0.11 21 6.91 0.04 36 6.31 0.24 8 NUE3 88977.5 0.477 0.09 28 5.86 0.12 16 — — — LGN9 89186.2 0.411 0.08 10 — — — 6.47 0.07 11 LGN7 89181.1 0.456 0.14 22 — — — 6.59 0.07 13 LGN7 89183.2 0.440 0.04 18 — — — — — — LGN14 89165.3 0.408 0.25 9 5.87 0.27 16 — — — LGN14 89167.3 0.430 0.12 15 — — — — — — LGN14 89168.1 0.434 0.16 16 — — — — — — LGN14 89168.2 0.420 0.08 13 — — — — — — LGN14 89168.5 0.398 0.30 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.373 — — 5.07 — — 5.82 — — LGN1 92185.1 — — — — — — 8.22 0.01 4 LGN1 92185.2 — — — 13.3 0.21 15 8.35 0.02 6 LGN1 92187.1 — — — — — — 8.33 0.03 5 LGN1 92188.1 1.08 0.26 12 14.5 0.15 25 8.20 0.28 4 CONT. — 0.963 — — 11.6 — — 7.91 — — LGN4 89075.2 0.594 0.02 24 9.30 0.17 20 7.28 0.20 8 CONT. — 0.478 — — 7.77 — — 6.74 — — LGN49 89081.3 1.000 L 36 12.8 0.18 18 — — — LGN49 89081.4 0.879 0.02 20 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.735 — — 10.8 — — — — — LGN39 89930.2 — — — 11.0 0.04 28 7.70 0.04 13 LGN34 90403.4 — — — 11.2 0.23 29 — — — CONT. — — — — 8.63 — — 6.84 — — LGN52 90581.1 — — — — — — 7.66 0.20 5 CONT. — — — — — — — 7.27 — — LBY71 93769.2 0.714 0.16 17 — — — — — — LBY71 93769.3 0.697 0.22 14 — — — — — — LBY71 93773.2 0.766 0.04 25 10.5 0.02 35 7.52 0.01 6 LBY68 93860.3 0.710 0.05 16 9.31 0.12 19 7.45 0.27 5 LBY68 93862.1 0.716 0.10 17 9.81 0.04 26 7.53 0.24 7 LBY68 93862.2 0.680 0.15 11 10.6 L 35 7.36 0.26 4 LBY68 93862.4 — — — 9.68 0.07 24 7.97 L 13 LBY68 93862.5 — — — 9.38 0.09 20 — — — LBY61 94019.1 0.719 0.09 18 — — — — — — LBY61 94019.4 0.780 0.11 27 9.76 0.10 25 — — — LBY61 94023.2 0.698 0.15 14 — — — — — — LBY6 94108.3 — — — 8.80 0.24 13 — — — LBY52 93944.1 — — — 9.38 0.06 20 7.28 0.30 3 LBY52 93944.2 — — — 9.81 0.04 26 7.67 0.18 9 LBY52 93946.2 0.759 0.01 24 — — — — — — LBY5 93939.4 — — — — — — 7.28 0.25 3 LBY5 93940.2 — — — 9.42 0.07 21 7.53 0.08 7 LBY5 93941.3 0.736 0.20 20 10.1 0.05 30 7.54 0.13 7 LBY5 93941.4 — — — — — — 7.52 0.06 6 LBY44 92491.2 — — — 8.70 0.29 11 — — — LBY44 92492.1 0.671 0.21 10 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93855.2 0.708 0.18 16 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93856.1 — — — 9.22 0.17 18 7.40 0.18 5 LBY34_H2 93857.1 0.728 0.06 19 10.4 0.02 33 7.54 0.15 7 LBY34_H2 93857.2 0.754 0.05 23 10.6 L 35 7.52 0.02 6 LBY34_H2 93857.4 — — — — — — 7.73 0.01 9 LBY216 94082.2 — — — 10.2 L 30 7.48 0.26 6 LBY20 94084.1 — — — — — — 7.30 0.20 3 LBY20 94087.3 — — — — — — 7.44 0.22 5 LBY181 92479.3 0.697 0.18 14 — — — — — — LBY181 92480.5 0.706 0.09 15 — — — — — — LBY181 92482.1 0.754 0.05 23 8.70 0.26 11 — — — LBY142 93199.1 0.690 0.11 13 9.24 0.12 18 — — — LBY142 93202.1 — — — 8.71 0.26 12 7.36 0.29 4 LBY142 93203.3 0.854 0.01 40 10.6 0.11 36 — — — LBY142 93203.4 0.780 0.01 28 11.1 L 42 7.35 0.17 4 CONT. — 0.612 — — 7.81 — — 7.06 — — LBY41 91621.1 0.739 0.22 17 — — — 7.76 0.09 5 LBY41 91621.2 0.722 0.17 14 — — — — — — LBY41 91623.1 0.737 0.22 16 10.3 0.13 16 7.90 L 7 LBY41 91623.2 0.747 0.10 18 9.61 0.27 8 — — — LBY173 91651.2 0.713 0.23 12 — — — — — — LBY173 91652.1 0.985 L 55 11.3 0.02 27 — — — LBY173 91652.2 0.737 0.09 16 — — — — — — LBY173 91652.5 1.04 0.02 64 13.8 L 55 7.83 0.13 6 LBY173 91653.1 0.699 0.26 10 — — — — — — LBY166 91542.5 0.979 0.02 54 — — — — — — LBY166 91544.5 0.865 0.06 36 9.83 0.26 10 — — — CONT. — 0.634 — — 8.91 — — 7.36 — — LBY85 92066.2 — — — — — — 7.91 0.17 5 LBY64 91340.4 — — — — — — 7.80 0.23 3 LBY64 91342.2 — — — — — — 7.78 0.23 3 LBY46 92201.4 — — — 13.4 L 22 — — — LBY207 92157.3 — — — — — — 7.91 0.08 5 LBY207 92158.2 1.04 0.16 22 14.2 0.11 29 8.01 0.09 6 LBY185 91497.2 1.03 0.03 21 — — — — — — LBY185 91499.2 1.01 0.03 18 14.0 0.12 27 — — — LBY17 92216.2 1.10 0.04 29 14.3 0.03 30 — — — LBY17 92216.4 — — — — — — 7.86 0.11 4 LBY155 92015.1 0.990 0.07 16 12.7 0.17 15 — — — LBY122 91370.2 1.02 0.13 20 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 1.02 0.02 20 12.4 0.23 13 — — — CONT. — 0.851 — — 11.0 — — 7.57 — — LBY50 91319.2 — — — 14.3 0.08 19 — — — LBY24 91220.6 1.03 0.07 18 13.8 0.07 15 8.04 0.28 4 LBY24 91221.2 1.11 0.15 26 — — — — — — LBY21 90978.4 — — — 13.3 0.19 12 — — — LBY21 90979.1 — — — 13.5 0.21 13 — — — LBY21 90980.1 1.02 0.16 16 13.7 0.14 14 — — — LBY161 91293.3 — — — 13.1 0.23 10 — — — LBY161 91294.1 0.975 0.15 11 14.9 0.26 25 8.16 0.18 5 LBY152 91289.4 — — — 13.0 0.26 9 8.06 0.25 4 LBY15 91144.1 — — — 13.5 0.16 13 — — — LBY123 91428.2 0.944 0.17 7 — — — — — — LBY123 91429.2 1.06 0.08 20 — — — — — — LBY123 91429.3 1.000 0.13 14 13.9 0.11 16 8.03 0.28 3 LBY114 91393.1 — — — 13.8 0.14 15 — — — LBY114 91393.2 1.15 0.02 31 13.4 0.22 12 — — — CONT. — 0.880 — — 12.0 — — 7.76 — — LGN24 89096.3 0.799 0.12 20 10.8 0.17 17 — — — CONT. — 0.668 — — 9.18 — — — — — LGN23 92316.2 0.966 0.02 26 11.8 0.09 14 — — — LGN23 92317.2 0.857 0.07 12 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.767 — — 10.3 — — — — — LBY93 92656.1 0.838 0.28 14 — — — — — — LBY93 92657.1 0.901 0.23 22 11.7 0.23 22 7.81 0.20 7 LBY76 92642.1 0.927 0.01 26 11.9 0.06 23 7.56 0.29 4 LBY76 92642.2 0.828 0.18 12 — — — — — — LBY76 92642.3 0.870 0.03 18 — — — — — — LBY76 92642.4 0.829 0.24 12 — — — — — — LBY70 92684.2 1.03 L 39 11.7 0.09 21 — — — LBY70 92685.5 0.875 0.10 19 — — — 7.51 0.28 3 LBY70 92685.6 0.831 0.28 13 — — — — — — LBY70 92686.2 0.949 0.01 29 12.9 0.02 34 7.71 0.06 6 LBY70 92686.3 0.833 0.16 13 — — — — — — LBY227 92851.1 0.868 0.13 18 11.0 0.29 14 — — — LBY227 92852.2 — — — 10.7 0.16 11 — — — LBY227 92852.3 0.846 0.18 15 — — — 7.65 0.10 5 LBY227 92853.1 0.999 L 36 13.5 L 40 7.84 0.03 8 LBY209 92499.7 — — — 11.1 0.09 15 — — — LBY209 92500.1 — — — — — — 7.67 0.09 5 LBY183 92516.2 0.885 0.08 20 11.0 0.14 15 7.59 0.26 4 LBY180 92578.5 0.941 0.06 28 — — — — — — LBY159 92150.4 0.839 0.08 14 — — — — — — LBY159 92152.1 0.823 0.21 12 11.0 0.08 14 7.62 0.10 5 LBY159 92152.2 0.972 L 32 — — — — — — LBY159 92152.3 0.861 0.06 17 12.0 0.14 24 7.66 0.06 5 LBY159 92153.1 0.893 0.05 21 12.1 0.03 26 7.90 0.06 9 LBY156 92294.1 0.987 L 34 11.7 0.20 21 — — — LBY156 92294.2 0.847 0.05 15 — — — — — — LBY156 92294.3 0.915 0.05 24 13.0 0.02 35 8.07 L 11 LBY156 92298.1 0.886 0.06 20 — — — 7.57 0.25 4 LBY156 92298.2 0.909 0.16 23 — — — — — — LBY145 92604.1 0.837 0.09 13 — — — — — — LBY145 92606.2 — — — 10.4 0.29 8 — — — LBY145 92608.4 — — — 11.8 0.06 22 7.84 0.06 8 CONT. — 0.737 — — 9.65 — — 7.27 — — LGN48 89060.1 — — — — — — 7.71 0.26 4 LGN48 89063.2 — — — — — — 7.83 0.14 6 CONT. — — — — — — — 7.41 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.819 0.29 5 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.812 — — — — — — — — LGN47 91174.3 0.858 0.08 18 9.30 0.19 14 7.64 0.22 3 LGN47 91174.6 0.899 L 24 9.52 0.05 17 — — — CONT. — 0.725 — — 8.13 — — 7.41 — — LGN1 92184.1 — — — — — — 7.96 0.23 4 LGN1 92185.1 0.789 0.20 22 9.86 0.18 21 7.65 0.16 7 LGN1 92185.2 0.786 0.26 22 — — — — — — LGN1 92187.1 — — — 9.86 0.05 21 8.02 0.19 4 LGN1 92188.1 0.885 0.04 37 9.91 0.12 22 7.43 0.27 4 CONT. — 0.646 — — 8.15 — — 7.68 — — LGN45 91575.3 1.02 L 51 11.7 0.20 24 — — — LGN45 91579.3 0.748 0.19 10 — — — — — — LGN45 91579.5 0.821 0.06 21 11.6 L 23 7.73 0.20 5 CONT. — 0.678 — — 9.47 — — 7.35 — — LBY44 92491.2 0.769 0.06 16 — — — 7.42 0.11 7 LBY44 92492.1 0.730 0.22 10 10.7 0.20 15 — — — LBY43 92680.1 0.748 0.14 12 — — — 7.77 L 12 LBY181 92479.3 0.843 0.05 27 10.6 0.27 14 — — — LBY181 92480.5 0.881 L 33 11.2 0.07 21 — — — LBY181 92482.1 0.816 L 23 — — — — — — LBY167 92770.4 0.760 0.05 14 12.7 0.02 37 7.45 0.21 7 LBY167 92772.2 0.739 0.30 11 — — — — — — LBY167 92773.1 0.723 0.30 9 — — — — — — LBY157 92799.3 0.791 0.21 19 — — — — — — LBY157 92802.2 0.747 0.29 12 11.2 0.06 20 7.48 0.07 8 LBY157 92802.3 0.781 0.03 18 11.1 0.09 20 7.35 0.08 6 LBY157 92803.1 0.859 0.07 29 11.1 0.14 19 7.69 L 11 LBY157 92803.2 0.838 0.04 26 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.665 — — 9.30 — — 6.95 — — LBY53 92414.1 0.750 0.29 12 11.7 0.13 20 7.96 0.15 6 LBY53 92415.1 — — — 12.1 0.26 23 7.91 0.16 6 LBY53 92416.1 0.807 0.25 20 — — — — — — LBY53 92417.3 0.777 0.24 16 — — — — — — LBY53 92418.1 — — — — — — 8.03 0.04 7 LBY31 92344.2 0.772 0.22 15 — — — 7.85 0.25 5 LBY31 92347.2 0.818 0.05 22 11.6 0.04 18 — — — LBY208 92358.4 0.870 0.10 30 11.8 0.19 20 — — — LBY207 92154.1 0.788 0.12 18 12.1 0.23 23 — — — LBY207 92155.1 0.806 0.13 20 12.0 0.23 23 8.12 0.02 9 LBY207 92157.3 0.862 0.02 29 13.4 0.04 37 8.16 0.02 9 LBY207 92158.2 0.757 0.22 13 12.2 0.05 25 — — — LBY175 92179.3 0.776 0.27 16 — — — — — — LBY175 92180.3 0.807 0.17 20 — — — — — — LBY175 92181.3 0.855 0.20 27 13.4 0.03 37 7.93 0.25 6 LBY175 92181.4 0.904 0.02 35 11.7 0.23 20 7.82 0.25 5 LBY140 92265.2 0.884 0.02 32 13.9 L 42 — — — LBY140 92265.5 — — — 10.8 0.25 11 7.74 0.28 4 LBY140 92266.1 0.760 0.27 13 — — — — — — LBY140 92268.2 — — — 10.9 0.19 11 7.96 0.07 7 LBY116 92136.3 0.868 0.02 29 — — — — — — LBY116 92136.4 0.881 0.19 31 12.5 0.19 27 — — — LBY116 92138.6 0.924 0.02 38 13.7 L 40 7.92 0.10 6 CONT. — 0.670 — — 9.79 — — 7.48 — — LGN2 89029.2 1.06 0.03 36 12.8 0.02 40 7.95 0.21 6 LGN2 89029.5 0.976 L 25 12.3 L 35 7.83 0.28 4 LGN2 89032.2 0.935 0.17 19 12.0 0.16 31 — — — LGN2 89032.3 0.879 0.09 12 10.7 0.20 17 — — — LGN2 89033.1 0.933 0.09 19 13.2 0.08 45 — — — CONT. — 0.784 — — 9.14 — — 7.49 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.786 L 28 9.46 L 48 7.33 L 19 LGN57 89067.3 0.665 0.18 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.615 — — 6.40 — — 6.15 — — LGN42 92204.3 0.717 0.20 10 — — — — — — LGN42 92204.5 0.720 0.17 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.652 — — — — — — — — NUE102 90004.2 1.01 0.10 17 — — — — — — NUE102 90005.1 0.946 0.12 9 13.2 0.29 12 — — — NUE102 90005.3 0.930 0.20 7 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.867 — — 11.9 — — — — — LBY85 92064.1 0.764 0.05 16 11.3 L 27 8.12 0.06 4 LBY85 92066.3 0.749 0.05 13 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.5 0.778 0.05 18 9.97 0.18 12 — — — LBY64 91342.2 0.750 0.14 13 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.6 0.744 0.13 13 — — — — — — LBY46 92200.3 0.793 0.10 20 — — — — — — LBY46 92201.2 0.841 0.02 27 — — — 7.99 0.24 2 LBY46 92201.4 0.841 0.02 27 10.6 0.02 20 — — — LBY17 92215.4 0.876 0.15 33 — — — — — — LBY17 92216.2 — — — — — — 8.00 0.17 3 LBY17 92216.3 0.769 0.03 16 11.8 L 33 8.16 0.03 5 LBY17 92216.4 — — — — — — 8.05 0.25 3 LBY155 92015.1 0.796 0.01 20 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.7 0.810 0.02 23 9.85 0.18 11 7.96 0.25 2 LBY122 91371.2 0.746 0.09 13 10.4 0.14 17 8.07 0.14 3 LBY122 91371.3 0.758 0.14 15 10.8 L 22 8.05 0.15 3 LBY122 91371.4 0.723 0.13 9 10.7 0.19 20 — — — LBY122 91371.6 0.732 0.24 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.661 — — 8.89 — — 7.80 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.928 0.03 26 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.3 0.868 0.09 18 — — — — — — LGN60 89176.1 0.933 0.08 27 11.3 0.21 20 — — — LGN60 89176.2 0.824 0.21 12 11.5 0.04 22 — — — CONT. — 0.737 — — 9.46 — — — — — LBY92 93921.2 1.09 0.01 39 20.5 L 86 — — — LBY92 93923.3 0.931 0.30 19 19.6 0.06 78 8.16 0.19 5 CONT. — 0.786 — — 11.0 — — 7.80 — — Table 267. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 268 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Roots RGR Of Root RGR Of Leaf Area Coverage Length Game Event P- % P- % P- % Names # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY200 92754.1 0.0926 0.03 28 1.42 0.09 24 — — — LBY200 92754.3 — — — 1.35 0.21 18 — — — LBY200 92757.1 0.0899 0.05 25 1.51 0.02 32 — — — LBY200 92757.2 0.0844 0.14 17 1.45 0.05 26 — — — LBY141 92564.1 0.0981 0.02 36 — — — 0.728 0.07 15 LBY141 92565.2 0.0836 0.14 16 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0722 — — 1.15 — — 0.631 — — LGN35 89042.4 — — — — — — 0.705 0.12 5 LGN35 89043.1 — — — — — — 0.712 0.23 6 LGN35 89043.2 0.0825 0.11 17 — — — — — — LGN35 89043.3 — — — 1.20 0.22 18 0.727 0.05 8 LGN35 89043.4 0.0963 0.02 37 1.27 0.09 25 0.711 0.19 6 CONT. — 0.0703 — — 1.01 — — 0.672 — — LBY78 92311.3 — — — — — — 0.707 0.30 11 LBY78 92311.4 — — — 1.66 0.13 20 0.708 0.26 11 LBY175 92179.1 0.102 0.17 17 — — — — — — LBY175 92181.2 0.104 0.03 20 1.58 0.23 14 — — — LBY175 92181.3 — — — — — — 0.707 0.28 11 LBY149 92245.2 0.0994 0.26 14 — — — — — — LBY149 92247.1 — — — — — — 0.731 0.14 15 LBY140 92265.2 0.0996 0.12 14 — — — 0.713 0.26 12 LBY140 92266.1 — — — — — — 0.770 0.04 21 LBY140 92268.2 — — — — — — 0.729 0.13 14 LBY116 92136.3 — — — — — — 0.721 0.17 13 LBY116 92136.4 0.0999 0.14 15 — — — 0.740 0.10 16 LBY116 92138.6 0.112 L 29 — — — 0.735 0.15 15 CONT. — 0.0871 — — 1.39 — — 0.638 — — LGN39 89931.3 — — — 0.927 0.24 20 — — — LGN39 89931.4 0.0566 0.23 21 — — — — — — LGN34 90400.2 0.0757 L 62 1.09 0.03 41 — — — LGN34 90403.3 0.0580 0.13 24 1.03 0.08 34 — — — CONT. — 0.0467 — — 0.770 — — — — — NUE3 88975.1 — — — 1.12 0.09 26 — — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — 1.16 0.02 30 0.719 0.06 13 NUE3 88977.1 0.0810 0.07 25 1.21 0.02 36 0.745 0.03 18 NUE3 88977.2 — — — 1.12 0.04 26 0.711 0.11 12 LGN9 89186.1 — — — 1.08 0.14 22 — — — LGN9 89186.2 — — — 1.06 0.14 19 0.718 0.07 13 LGN9 89187.2 — — — 1.12 0.04 26 — — — LGN14 89165.3 — — — — — — 0.678 0.28 7 LGN14 89167.3 — — — 1.22 0.02 37 0.708 0.10 12 LGN14 89168.1 — — — — — — 0.686 0.23 8 LGN14 89168.2 — — — 1.13 0.05 26 0.711 0.07 12 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 1.04 0.21 17 — — — CONT. — 0.0648 — — 0.890 — — 0.634 — — LBY68 93862.2 — — — 1.50 0.11 19 — — — LBY52 93946.2 0.0951 0.23 14 — — — — — — LBY52 93946.3 0.0996 0.13 19 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93856.1 0.104 0.03 25 1.65 0.02 31 — — — LBY27_H4 93931.4 0.102 0.07 22 — — — — — — LBY183 92516.5 0.0998 0.09 20 — — — — — — LBY159 92153.1 — — — 1.57 0.10 24 — — — LBY157 92803.1 0.104 0.04 25 — — — — — — LBY148 93767.2 — — — 1.43 0.25 13 — — — LBY148 93768.1 0.0937 0.26 12 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0833 — — 1.26 — — — — — LGN26 89037.2 0.0893 0.19 20 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.3 0.112 L 49 — — — — — — LGN26 89037.4 0.120 L 61 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0747 — — — — — — — — LGN46 89101.1 — — — 1.58 0.12 13 — — — LGN46 89101.7 0.0975 0.22 15 — — — 0.723 0.15 5 LGN46 89103.1 — — — — — — 0.705 0.23 2 CONT. — 0.0851 — — 1.40 — — 0.690 — — LGN57 89064.2 — — — 1.46 0.03 29 0.766 0.07 13 LGN57 89065.1 0.0941 0.06 31 1.29 0.22 14 — — — LGN57 89067.1 0.0859 0.14 20 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0717 — — 1.13 — — 0.681 — — LGN36 89044.1 0.0904 0.25 11 — — — — — — LGN36 89047.2 — — — — — — 0.770 0.14 8 CONT. — 0.0812 — — — — — 0.716 — — LBY80 92273.1 — — — — — — 0.728 0.06 6 LBY185 91497.2 — — — — — — 0.736 0.02 7 LBY185 91498.2 0.0986 0.19 16 — — — — — — LBY185 91499.2 — — — — — — 0.738 0.22 7 LBY185 91499.3 0.0959 0.26 13 — — — 0.735 0.24 7 LBY179 91545.2 0.0991 0.16 16 1.53 0.27 15 0.755 0.09 10 LBY179 91545.4 — — — — — — 0.732 L 6 LBY179 91547.2 — — — — — — 0.745 0.14 8 LBY179 91549.1 — — — — — — 0.729 0.20 6 LBY179 91549.3 — — — — — — 0.776 0.03 13 LBY173 91651.2 — — — — — — 0.764 0.06 11 LBY173 91652.1 0.0999 0.16 17 — — — 0.777 0.02 13 LBY173 91653.1 — — — — — — 0.740 0.25 7 LBY121 92290.4 0.0992 0.02 17 — — — 0.743 0.18 8 LBY121 92291.2 — — — — — — 0.735 0.29 6 LBY121 92291.4 0.0982 0.23 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0852 — — 1.34 — — 0.690 — — LGN54 88206.4 — — — — — — 0.714 L 10 LGN54 88207.1 — — — — — — 0.730 L 12 LGN54 88208.2 0.104 0.02 17 — — — 0.787 L 21 CONT. — 0.0885 — — — — — 0.650 — — LBY80 92269.3 — — — 1.13 0.06 21 — — — LBY80 92270.1 0.0790 0.03 23 1.14 0.06 21 — — — LBY78 92311.3 — — — 1.21 0.03 29 — — — LBY78 92311.4 0.0738 0.11 15 1.22 0.03 30 — — — LBY78 92312.2 — — — 1.12 0.09 20 — — — LBY78 92313.1 — — — — — — 0.763 0.26 10 LBY78 92313.5 0.0735 0.18 14 1.13 0.06 20 0.782 0.20 12 LBY53 92414.1 0.0718 0.20 12 1.10 0.10 18 — — — LBY53 92415.1 — — — 1.07 0.28 13 — — — LBY53 92418.1 0.0712 0.22 11 — — — — — — LBY208 92356.1 0.0706 0.27 10 — — — — — — LBY208 92357.1 0.0752 0.10 17 1.11 0.09 18 — — — LBY208 92358.2 0.0715 0.19 11 — — — — — — LBY153 92249.2 0.0820 L 27 1.15 0.08 22 — — — LBY153 92252.2 — — — 1.07 0.20 14 — — — LBY153 92253.2 0.0724 0.23 12 1.18 0.02 26 0.768 0.25 10 LBY149 92246.3 — — — 1.38 L 47 0.766 0.30 10 LBY149 92247.3 — — — 1.05 0.26 12 — — — LBY121 92290.3 0.0774 0.05 20 1.14 0.04 21 0.760 0.30 9 LBY121 92291.4 0.0728 0.13 13 — — — — — — LBY121 92293.2 0.0758 0.06 18 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0644 — — 0.940 — — 0.697 — — LGN4 89075.2 0.0827 0.21 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0719 — — — — — — — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — 1.09 0.25 18 — — — LGN52 90581.1 — — — — — — 0.772 0.08 7 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 1.35 0.12 46 — — — CONT. — — — — 0.921 — — 0.723 — — LGN41 92101.1 0.0803 0.16 22 — — — — — — LGN41 92102.1 0.0764 0.13 16 — — — — — — LGN41 92102.3 0.0841 0.05 28 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0657 — — — — — — — — LGN46 89101.4 — — — 1.62 0.04 40 0.861 0.09 10 LGN46 89101.9 0.0714 0.24 16 — — — — — — LGN46 89103.1 0.0673 0.29 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0616 — — 1.16 — — 0.781 — — LGN45 91575.2 0.0957 0.02 19 — — — 0.781 0.02 11 LGN45 91575.3 0.0925 0.02 15 — — — 0.738 0.24 5 LGN45 91579.3 0.0920 0.26 14 — — — — — — LGN45 91579.4 0.0885 0.18 10 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0806 — — — — — 0.701 — — LBY92 93921.2 0.115 0.01 37 2.52 L 89 0.808 0.18 7 LBY92 93923.3 0.0977 0.29 16 2.41 L 81 — — — LBY201 93925.1 — — — 1.51 0.27 14 — — — LBY20 94087.1 — — — — — — 0.856 0.06 13 LBY106_H3 93918.1 0.0964 0.29 15 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0840 — — 1.33 — — 0.755 — — LBY50 91317.3 0.0930 L 59 1.36 L 42 0.773 0.03 13 LBY50 91318.1 — — — — — — 0.760 0.05 12 LBY50 91318.2 0.0809 0.03 38 — — — — — — LBY50 91319.2 0.0660 0.28 12 1.14 0.11 19 0.744 0.09 9 LBY24 91220.6 — — — 1.26 0.02 30 0.781 L 15 LBY24 91221.1 — — — — — — 0.739 0.22 8 LBY24 91221.2 0.0790 0.02 35 — — — — — — LBY24 91223.1 0.0691 0.19 18 1.11 0.26 15 — — — LBY24 91223.3 — — — — — — 0.720 0.25 6 LBY21 90977.1 — — — 1.17 0.09 21 0.776 0.02 14 LBY21 90978.4 0.0679 0.18 16 — — — 0.718 0.26 5 LBY21 90979.2 0.0700 0.09 19 — — — — — — LBY161 91292.1 0.0677 0.20 16 — — — — — — LBY161 91292.5 0.0733 0.05 25 1.14 0.12 19 0.731 0.22 7 LBY161 91293.3 0.0838 L 43 1.09 0.30 13 0.718 0.29 5 LBY161 91294.1 0.0841 L 43 1.30 0.02 35 0.739 0.10 8 LBY161 91294.2 0.0764 0.01 30 1.14 0.18 18 0.749 0.06 10 LBY15 91142.2 0.0781 L 33 1.18 0.07 22 0.756 0.04 11 LBY15 91143.1 0.0667 0.29 14 — — — 0.786 L 15 LBY15 91144.2 0.0693 0.15 18 1.20 0.08 24 0.765 0.02 12 LBY15 91144.3 0.0667 0.21 14 1.14 0.14 18 0.774 0.01 14 CONT. — 0.0586 — — 0.964 — — 0.681 — — LGN23 92316.2 0.0822 0.17 10 — — — — — — LGN23 92317.2 0.0924 0.03 23 — — — 0.743 0.10 5 LGN23 92318.2 — — — — — 0.731 0.19 4 CONT. — 0.0749 — — — — — 0.705 — — LGN48 89060.1 0.0997 0.05 27 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0784 — — — — — — — — LGN18 92466.3 0.101 0.05 24 — — — — — — LGN18 92468.3 — — — — — — 0.729 0.14 3 CONT. — 0.0817 — — — — — 0.706 — — LBY41 91620.4 0.111 L 38 1.66 0.02 32 — — — LBY41 91621.1 0.0986 0.06 22 — — — — — — LBY41 91623.2 0.100 0.06 24 — — — — — — LBY186 91657.1 0.108 0.02 33 1.58 0.06 26 0.765 0.19 10 LBY186 91659.1 0.128 L 58 1.77 L 41 0.778 0.15 12 LBY186 91659.3 0.105 L 29 1.74 L 38 0.761 0.19 10 LBY186 91659.4 0.103 0.04 27 — — — 0.788 0.09 14 LBY166 91542.5 0.0953 0.10 18 — — — — — — LBY166 91544.3 0.126 L 56 1.70 0.03 36 0.792 0.10 14 LBY166 91544.4 — — — — — — 0.761 0.19 10 LBY166 91544.5 0.0939 0.13 16 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0808 — — 1.26 — — 0.694 — — LGN35 89043.1 0.107 0.11 21 1.47 L 30 — — — LGN35 89043.4 0.105 0.19 18 1.29 0.24 14 0.739 0.15 9 CONT. — 0.0890 — — 1.13 — — 0.676 — — LGN33 91572.1 0.0715 0.06 16 1.10 0.17 21 — — — LGN33 91572.3 0.0744 0.05 20 — — — — — — LGN33 91574.2 0.0739 0.11 20 — — — — — — LGN33 91574.4 0.0684 0.22 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0618 — — 0.907 — — — — — LGN18 92465.1 0.0838 0.24 15 — — — — — — LGN18 92466.3 0.0837 0.23 15 — — — — — — LGN18 92468.3 0.0928 0.01 28 1.49 0.12 14 0.792 0.11 7 LGN18 92468.5 0.0880 0.16 21 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0727 — — 1.31 — — 0.740 — — LBY186 91657.1 0.0895 0.15 19 — — — 0.777 0.16 8 LBY186 91659.1 0.101 0.01 35 1.44 0.02 34 0.782 0.22 9 LBY186 91659.4 0.0882 0.17 18 — — — — — — LBY179 91545.4 — — — — — — 0.774 0.17 7 LBY179 91549.1 0.0979 0.02 31 1.29 0.11 20 — — — LBY179 91549.3 — — — — — — 0.783 0.12 9 LBY152 91286.1 0.0911 0.13 22 — — — — — — LBY152 91288.2 — — — — — — 0.793 0.08 10 LBY152 91289.2 0.0936 0.07 25 1.33 0.08 24 — — — LBY123 91427.1 — — — 1.32 0.07 22 0.807 0.06 12 LBY123 91429.3 — — — 1.37 0.06 27 — — — CONT. — 0.0749 — — 1.08 — — 0.720 — — LBY180 92576.3 0.0960 0.26 12 — — — — — — LBY180 92578.5 0.0972 0.14 13 — — — — — — LBY144 93061.6 0.0956 0.17 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0859 — — — — — — — — LGN47 91171.4 — — — 1.45 0.25 12 0.672 0.29 3 LGN47 91174.2 — — — — — — 0.737 0.10 11 LGN47 91174.3 — — — 1.46 0.02 12 0.696 0.29 5 LGN47 91174.4 — — — 1.52 0.24 17 — — — LGN47 91174.6 — — — — — — 0.676 0.30 3 CONT. — — — — 1.44 — — 0.665 — — LGN42 92204.1 — — — 1.41 0.14 24 0.705 0.05 8 LGN42 92204.2 — — — — — — 0.720 0.30 10 LGN42 92204.3 — — — 1.38 0.21 21 0.696 0.12 6 LGN42 92204.5 — — — — — — 0.697 0.18 6 LGN42 92207.1 — — — — — — 0.763 0.15 16 CONT. — — — — 1.14 — — 0.656 — — LBY191 92519.2 0.0858 0.14 21 — — — — — — LBY144 93059.3 0.0815 0.21 15 — — — — — — LBY144 93061.6 0.0902 0.03 27 — — — — — — LBY111 92798.1 — — — 1.38 0.23 14 0.771 0.12 9 CONT. — 0.0710 — — 1.21 — — 0.707 — — LGN41 92102.2 — — — 0.989 0.28 9 — — — LGN41 92102.3 0.0673 0.27 25 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0537 — — 0.910 — — — — — NUE3 88977.1 — — — 0.782 0.14 28 — — — NUE3 88977.2 0.0420 0.27 18 0.834 0.05 37 — — — NUE3 88977.5 0.0454 0.12 28 — — — — — — LGN7 89181.1 0.0442 0.18 24 — — — 0.662 0.04 22 LGN7 89183.2 0.0421 0.26 19 — — — — — — LGN14 89165.3 0.0413 0.30 16 — — — 0.602 0.29 11 LGN14 89167.3 0.0423 0.24 19 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0355 — — 0.611 — — 0.542 — — LGN1 92185.2 — — — 1.58 0.22 15 0.739 0.05 6 LGN1 92185.4 — — — — — — 0.762 0.07 9 LGN1 92188.1 0.114 0.20 13 1.73 0.15 26 — — — CONT. — 0.101 — — 1.37 — — 0.701 — — LGN4 89075.2 0.0579 0.01 25 1.11 0.08 22 0.628 0.25 9 CONT. — 0.0462 — — 0.909 — — 0.577 — — LGN49 89081.3 0.104 L 37 1.56 0.18 19 — — — LGN49 89081.4 0.0913 0.04 20 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0760 — — 1.31 — — — — — LGN39 89930.2 — — — 1.29 0.04 31 0.656 0.13 20 LGN34 90403.4 — — — 1.30 0.10 32 — — — CONT. — — — — 0.982 — — 0.549 — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — — — — 0.697 0.14 7 LGN52 90581.1 — — — — — — 0.712 0.09 9 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.650 — — LBY71 93769.2 0.0828 0.19 20 — — — — — — LBY71 93769.3 0.0798 0.29 16 — — — — — — LBY71 93773.2 0.0874 0.07 27 1.37 0.04 35 — — — LBY68 93860.3 0.0809 0.21 17 1.21 0.22 20 — — — LBY68 93862.1 0.0814 0.23 18 1.27 0.12 26 — — — LBY68 93862.2 0.0791 0.29 15 1.39 0.03 37 — — — LBY68 93862.4 — — — 1.24 0.15 23 0.777 0.18 10 LBY68 93862.5 — — — 1.23 0.19 21 — — — LBY61 94019.1 0.0814 0.21 18 — — — — — — LBY61 94019.4 0.0891 0.10 29 1.26 0.14 25 — — — LBY6 94108.3 — — — 1.18 0.30 16 — — — LBY52 93944.1 — — — 1.25 0.13 23 — — — LBY52 93944.2 — — — 1.29 0.09 28 0.771 0.26 10 LBY52 93946.2 0.0851 0.10 24 — — — — — — LBY5 93940.1 — — — — — — 0.783 0.10 11 LBY5 93940.2 — — — 1.24 0.15 22 — — — LBY5 93941.3 0.0827 0.23 20 1.35 0.05 33 0.761 0.25 8 LBY5 93941.4 — — — — — — 0.761 0.27 8 LBY34_H2 93855.2 0.0807 0.27 17 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93856.1 — — — 1.21 0.24 19 — — — LBY34_H2 93857.1 0.0837 0.14 22 1.38 0.04 36 0.795 0.09 13 LBY34_H2 93857.2 0.0848 0.13 23 1.40 0.02 39 — — — LBY34_H2 93857.4 — — — 0.780 0.11 11 — — — LBY216 94082.2 — — — 1.34 0.04 32 — — — LBY20 94087.3 — — — — — — 0.803 0.05 14 LBY181 92480.5 0.0817 0.19 19 — — — 0.772 0.22 10 LBY181 92482.1 0.0850 0.12 23 — — — — — — LBY142 93199.1 0.0792 0.26 15 1.22 0.17 21 — — — LBY142 93203.3 0.0999 L 45 1.43 0.04 42 0.760 0.29 8 LBY142 93203.4 0.0865 0.09 26 1.47 L 45 — — — CONT. — 0.0689 — — 1.01 — — 0.704 — — LBY41 91621.1 0.0768 0.14 18 — — — — — — LBY41 91621.2 0.0756 0.16 16 — — — — — — LBY41 91623.1 0.0762 0.16 17 1.26 0.25 16 — — — LBY41 91623.2 0.0788 0.07 21 — — — — — — LBY173 91651.2 0.0737 0.23 13 — — — — — — LBY173 91652.1 0.102 L 56 1.39 0.06 28 — — — LBY173 91652.2 0.0779 0.09 19 — — — — — — LBY173 91652.5 0.109 L 66 1.70 L 56 0.867 0.02 17 LBY173 91653.1 0.0745 0.20 14 — — — — — — LBY166 91542.5 0.104 L 60 — — — — — — LBY166 91544.5 0.0933 L 43 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0653 — — 1.09 — — 0.741 — — LBY85 92068.3 0.0968 0.30 12 — — — — — — LBY64 91340.4 — — — — — — 0.742 0.30 7 LBY64 91342.2 — — — — — — 0.762 0.12 10 LBY46 92201.4 — — — 1.62 0.04 23 — — — LBY207 92155.1 0.0991 0.24 14 — — — — — — LBY207 92157.3 — — — — — — 0.752 0.22 8 LBY207 92158.2 0.107 0.08 24 1.73 0.03 31 — — — LBY185 91497.2 0.104 0.07 20 — — — 0.753 0.23 9 LBY185 91498.2 — — — — — — 0.762 0.12 10 LBY185 91499.2 0.103 0.08 19 1.71 0.02 30 — — — LBY17 92216.2 0.114 0.01 32 1.72 0.01 30 — — — LBY155 92015.1 0.101 0.14 16 1.52 0.15 16 — — — LBY122 91370.2 0.103 0.12 19 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 0.103 0.08 19 1.50 0.21 13 — — — CONT. — 0.0867 — — 1.32 — — 0.693 — — LBY50 91319.2 — — — 1.68 0.12 19 — — — LBY24 91220.6 0.111 0.15 15 1.60 0.21 14 — — — LBY24 91221.2 0.118 0.10 22 — — — — — — LBY21 90978.4 — — — 1.59 0.28 13 — — — LBY21 90980.1 0.111 0.17 15 1.62 0.20 15 — — — LBY161 91294.1 — — — 1.74 0.14 23 — — — LBY15 91144.1 — — — 1.61 0.23 14 — — — LBY123 91429.2 0.116 0.07 21 — — — — — — LBY123 91429.3 0.109 0.21 13 1.61 0.21 14 — — — LBY114 91393.1 — — — 1.66 0.16 18 0.781 0.12 14 LBY114 91393.2 0.124 0.01 29 1.60 0.26 13 0.772 0.20 12 CONT. — 0.0962 — — 1.41 — — 0.688 — — LGN24 89096.1 — — — — — — 0.701 0.05 4 LGN24 89096.3 0.0816 0.27 15 1.30 0.16 18 — — — CONT. — 0.0708 — — 1.10 — — 0.674 — — LGN23 92316.2 0.101 0.02 28 1.43 0.08 15 0.679 0.04 9 LGN23 92317.2 0.0892 0.06 13 — — — 0.676 0.03 9 CONT. — 0.0788 — — 1.25 — — 0.623 — — LBY93 92657.1 0.0909 0.29 18 1.41 0.18 21 — — — LBY93 92657.4 — — — 1.36 0.30 16 — — — LBY76 92642.1 0.0983 0.06 27 1.45 0.10 24 — — — LBY76 92642.2 0.0890 0.27 15 — — — — — — LBY76 92642.3 0.0970 0.07 25 — — — 0.750 0.18 7 LBY70 92684.2 0.110 L 43 1.43 0.12 22 — — — LBY70 92685.5 0.0893 0.26 16 — — — — — — LBY70 92686.2 0.0991 0.07 28 1.57 0.04 34 0.749 0.22 7 LBY227 92851.1 0.0892 0.29 15 — — — — — — LBY227 92852.3 0.0893 0.28 15 — — — — — — LBY227 92853.1 0.106 0.01 37 1.65 L 41 0.789 0.03 13 LBY209 92499.7 — — — 1.36 0.25 16 — — — LBY183 92516.2 0.0929 0.16 20 1.33 0.29 14 — — — LBY183 92516.4 — — — 1.40 0.20 20 0.762 0.18 9 LBY183 92516.5 — — — 0.744 0.28 6 — — — LBY180 92578.5 0.101 0.07 30 — — — — — — LBY159 92150.4 0.0891 0.25 15 — — — 0.769 0.08 10 LBY159 92152.1 — — — 1.34 0.26 15 — — — LBY159 92152.2 0.104 0.02 35 — — — — — — LBY159 92152.3 0.0897 0.23 16 1.46 0.11 24 0.755 0.13 8 LBY159 92153.1 0.0947 0.12 22 1.45 0.10 24 — — — LBY156 92294.1 0.103 0.02 33 1.43 0.15 22 0.782 0.05 12 LBY156 92294.2 0.0880 0.30 14 — — — — — — LBY156 92294.3 0.0960 0.10 24 1.58 0.01 35 — — — LBY156 92298.1 0.0901 0.23 17 — — — — — — LBY156 92298.2 0.0942 0.17 22 — — — — — — LBY145 92608.4 — — — 1.44 0.08 23 0.760 0.15 9 CONT. — 0.0773 — — 1.17 — — 0.700 — — LGN48 89060.1 — — — — — — 0.724 0.06 7 LGN48 89063.1 — — — — — — 0.707 0.19 5 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.674 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.0832 0.23 5 — — — — — — LGN5 88201.1 — — — — — — 0.698 0.02 6 LGN5 88201.3 — — — — — — 0.697 0.10 6 CONT. — 0.0824 — — — — — 0.708 — — LGN47 91174.3 0.0897 0.08 21 1.14 0.17 16 0.784 0.02 7 LGN47 91174.6 0.0925 0.01 25 1.16 0.04 18 — — — CONT. — 0.0741 — — 0.980 — — 0.731 — — LGN1 92184.1 — — — — — — 0.757 0.08 3 LGN1 92185.1 0.0802 0.23 22 1.21 0.17 22 0.768 0.14 10 LGN1 92185.2 0.0800 0.27 22 — — — — — — LGN1 92187.1 — — — 1.20 0.05 21 0.740 0.02 6 LGN1 92188.1 0.0924 0.03 41 1.22 0.10 23 0.723 0.22 3 CONT. — 0.0655 — — 0.990 — — 0.732 — — LGN33 91574.4 — — — — — — 0.751 0.25 5 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.717 — — LGN45 91575.3 0.108 L 57 1.43 0.20 25 0.762 0.09 14 LGN45 91579.3 0.0760 0.23 10 — — — — — — LGN45 91579.5 0.0864 0.05 25 1.40 L 22 0.704 0.13 5 CONT. — 0.0689 — — 1.14 — — 0.669 — — LBY44 92491.2 0.0825 0.24 14 — — — 0.734 0.07 12 LBY43 92680.1 — — — — — — 0.750 0.03 14 LBY181 92479.3 0.0922 0.05 27 — — — 0.714 0.30 9 LBY181 92480.5 0.0969 0.01 33 1.38 0.16 23 0.726 0.11 10 LBY181 92482.1 0.0891 0.06 23 — — — — — — LBY167 92770.4 0.0815 0.30 12 1.53 0.04 37 0.727 0.13 11 LBY157 92799.3 0.0858 0.19 18 — — — — — — LBY157 92802.2 — — — 1.36 0.18 21 0.747 0.03 14 LBY157 92802.3 0.0842 0.19 16 1.34 0.21 20 0.719 0.13 9 LBY157 92803.1 0.0922 0.05 27 1.33 0.23 19 0.750 0.03 14 LBY157 92803.2 0.0896 0.07 23 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0727 — — 1.12 — — 0.658 — — LBY53 92414.1 — — — 1.42 0.14 22 — — — LBY53 92415.1 — — — 1.46 0.14 25 — — — LBY53 92416.1 0.0838 0.18 25 — — — 0.756 0.21 10 LBY53 92417.3 0.0805 0.25 20 — — — — — — LBY31 92344.2 0.0799 0.26 19 — — — — — — LBY31 92347.2 0.0845 0.12 26 1.41 0.16 21 — — — LBY208 92358.1 — — — 1.39 0.25 19 — — — LBY208 92358.4 0.0910 0.06 36 1.43 0.16 22 — — — LBY207 92154.1 0.0813 0.21 21 1.46 0.14 25 0.754 0.21 10 LBY207 92155.1 0.0823 0.19 23 1.45 0.14 24 — — — LBY207 92157.3 0.0873 0.07 30 1.63 0.01 39 0.759 0.18 11 LBY207 92158.2 — — — 1.49 0.07 27 — — — LBY175 92179.1 0.0826 0.24 23 — — — — — — LBY175 92180.3 0.0865 0.11 29 — — — — — — LBY175 92181.3 0.0859 0.17 28 1.61 0.02 38 — — — LBY175 92181.4 0.0912 0.05 36 1.41 0.17 21 — — — LBY140 92265.2 0.0925 0.03 38 1.68 L 44 — — — LBY140 92266.1 0.0796 0.28 19 — — — 0.748 0.21 9 LBY140 92268.2 — — — — — — 0.753 0.16 10 LBY116 92136.3 0.0900 0.05 35 — — — — — — LBY116 92136.4 0.0911 0.09 36 1.53 0.08 31 0.740 0.27 8 LBY116 92138.6 0.0961 0.02 44 1.66 L 43 0.753 0.22 10 CONT. — 0.0669 — — 1.17 — — 0.685 — — LGN2 89029.2 0.110 0.03 36 1.50 0.03 40 — — — LGN2 89029.5 0.104 L 30 1.44 0.01 35 — — — LGN2 89032.2 0.0994 0.11 24 1.40 0.19 31 — — — LGN2 89032.3 0.0909 0.11 13 1.29 0.14 21 0.727 0.09 9 LGN2 89033.1 0.0965 0.10 20 1.55 0.09 45 — — — CONT. — 0.0804 — — 1.07 — — 0.667 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.0798 L 28 1.16 L 49 0.769 L 23 LGN57 89067.3 0.0701 0.10 13 — — — 0.664 0.07 6 CONT. — 0.0622 — — 0.782 — — 0.625 — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — — — — 0.712 0.04 7 NUE102 90004.2 0.109 0.11 17 — — — 0.711 0.02 7 NUE102 90005.1 0.101 0.13 9 1.61 0.17 17 0.781 L 17 NUE102 90005.3 0.100 0.17 8 — — — 0.743 L 11 CONT. — 0.0928 — — 1.38 — — 0.667 — — LBY85 92064.1 0.0812 0.11 18 1.37 L 30 0.769 0.30 6 LBY85 92066.3 0.0784 0.23 13 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.5 0.0829 0.09 20 1.20 0.22 13 — — — LBY64 91340.4 — — — — — — 0.788 0.12 8 LBY64 91342.2 0.0794 0.20 15 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.6 0.0788 0.22 14 — — — — — — LBY46 92200.3 0.0825 0.12 20 — — — — — — LBY46 92201.2 0.0890 0.02 29 — — — 0.767 0.27 5 LBY46 92201.4 0.0904 0.02 31 1.28 0.06 21 — — — LBY17 92214.1 — — — — — — 0.772 0.21 6 LBY17 92215.4 0.0945 0.03 37 — — — — — — LBY17 92216.3 0.0831 0.08 20 1.43 L 35 0.780 0.21 7 LBY17 92216.4 — — — — — — 0.770 0.22 6 LBY155 92015.1 0.0847 0.05 23 1.21 0.24 14 0.771 0.22 6 LBY155 92016.7 0.0868 0.03 26 1.19 0.25 12 0.771 0.20 6 LBY122 91371.2 0.0800 0.14 16 1.26 0.10 19 0.777 0.18 7 LBY122 91371.3 0.0815 0.13 18 1.32 0.03 24 0.800 0.05 10 LBY122 91371.4 — — — 1.29 0.10 22 0.771 0.26 6 LBY122 91371.6 0.0778 0.28 13 — — — 0.773 0.25 6 LBY122 91374.1 0.0800 0.26 16 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0691 — — 1.06 — — 0.727 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.0978 0.02 27 — — — — — — LGN60 89175.3 0.0929 0.07 20 — — — — — — LGN60 89176.1 0.0949 0.12 23 1.38 0.20 21 0.721 0.13 6 LGN60 89176.2 0.0875 0.18 14 1.38 0.05 21 — — — CONT. — 0.0771 — — 1.14 — — 0.696 — — LBY92 93921.2 0.115 0.01 37 2.52 L 89 0.808 0.18 7 LBY92 93923.3 0.0977 0.29 16 2.41 L 81 — — — CONT. — 0.0840 — — 1.33 — — 0.755 — — Table 268. CONT.-Control; Ave.-Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val. = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

The genes presented in Tables 269-272 below show a significant improvement in plant performance since they produced a larger leaf biomass (leaf area) and root biomass (root length and root coverage) (Tables 269 and 271) and a higher relative growth rate of leaf area, root coverage and root length (Tables 270 and 272) when grown under normal growth conditions, compared to control plants. Plants producing larger root biomass have better possibilities to absorb larger amount of nitrogen from soil. Plants producing larger leaf biomass have better ability to produce assimilates. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling analysis. This second experiment confirmed the significant increment in leaf and root performance. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 269 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Area [cm²] Roots Coverage [cm²] Roots Length [cm] Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN35 89043.1 0.394 L 16 — — — 7.47 0.07 8 LGN35 89043.3 — — — — — — 7.70 L 12 LGN35 89043.4 0.370 0.06 9 15.2 L 35 7.69 L 12 CONT. — 0.340 — — 11.3 — — 6.90 — — LGN39 89931.3 0.441 0.24 9 — — — — — — LGN39 89931.4 0.467 L 16 — — — 7.05 0.27 4 LGN34 90400.2 0.465 0.10 15 — — — — — — LGN34 90403.1 0.455 0.04 13 — — — — — — LGN34 90403.3 0.480 0.04 19 12.4 0.26 24 — — — CONT. — 0.403 — — 10.0 — — 6.75 — — NUE3 88975.1 — — — 12.8 0.24 16 — — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — 14.1 L 27 8.11 L 7 NUE3 88977.1 0.431 0.26 4 14.2 L 28 7.93 L 5 NUE3 88977.2 — — — 13.5 0.05 22 7.91 0.10 5 NUE3 88977.4 — — — — — — 7.92 0.05 5 LGN9 89185.2 — — — 12.2 0.20 11 — — — LGN9 89186.1 0.441 0.17 7 12.4 0.28 12 — — — LGN9 89186.2 — — — 12.8 0.03 16 7.98 0.02 6 LGN7 89183.3 — — — — — — 7.95 0.03 5 LGN7 89183.8 — — — 11.8 0.27 6 — — — LGN14 89165.3 — — — 14.3 0.03 29 — — — LGN14 89167.3 — — — 14.1 0.01 27 7.71 0.28 2 LGN14 89168.1 — — — 12.1 0.24 9 — — — LGN14 89168.2 — — — 15.4 L 39 7.93 0.01 5 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 13.9 0.08 25 7.92 0.17 5 CONT. — 0.412 — — 11.1 — — 7.56 — — LGN26 89037.2 0.415 0.23 9 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.380 — — — — — — — — LGN46 89101.1 0.441 L 14 17.1 0.01 21 8.33 0.02 4 LGN46 89101.7 0.433 0.06 12 16.8 L 19 8.12 0.07 4 CONT. — 0.428 — — 16.4 — — 8.03 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.435 L 25 19.6 L 49 8.35 0.01 6 LGN57 89065.1 0.401 0.09 15 18.2 0.11 38 — — — LGN57 89067.1 0.433 L 25 18.6 L 41 8.29 0.06 5 LGN57 89067.2 — — — 17.1 L 30 8.09 0.13 2 LGN57 89067.3 0.375 0.15 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.348 — — 13.2 — — 7.90 — — LGN36 89045.2 0.389 0.18 7 — — — 8.11 0.12 6 LGN36 89047.1 — — — 14.6 0.27 12 8.03 0.04 5 LGN36 89047.2 — — — — — — 7.83 0.24 3 CONT. — 0.364 — — 13.0 — — 7.62 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.461 0.07 6 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.1 — — — — — — 8.21 0.12 2 CONT. — 0.437 — — — — — 8.05 — — LGN4 89074.3 — — — 16.4 L 33 8.14 0.04 9 LGN4 89075.2 — — — 14.6 0.23 18 8.02 0.15 8 CONT. — — — — 12.3 — — 7.45 — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — — — — 7.96 0.27 4 LGN52 90581.1 0.398 0.29 5 15.4 0.03 22 7.89 0.05 8 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 14.3 0.09 14 — — — CONT. — 0.383 — — 12.6 — — 7.66 — — LGN41 92102.1 — — — 16.6 0.03 27 8.29 L 12 CONT. — — — — 13.1 — — 7.39 — — LGN46 89101.1 — — — — — — 8.27 0.27 2 LGN46 89101.4 0.382 0.27 3 — — — — — — LGN46 89101.9 0.434 0.02 18 18.8 0.18 34 — — — CONT. — 0.369 — — 14.0 — — 8.07 — — LGN45 91575.2 — — — 17.1 0.01 35 7.97 0.25 7 LGN45 91579.3 — — — 14.6 0.09 15 8.00 0.13 7 LGN45 91579.5 — — — 13.9 0.24 10 — — — CONT. — — — — 12.7 — — 7.47 — — LGN23 92318.2 — — — — — — 7.92 0.08 4 CONT. — — — — — — — 7.64 — — LGN48 89060.1 0.386 0.28 5 — — — — — — LGN48 89063.2 0.423 0.25 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.391 — — — — — — — — LGN35 89043.3 0.437 0.17 9 — — — — — — LGN35 89043.4 — — — — — — 8.46 0.20 3 CONT. — 0.400 — — — — — 8.19 — — LGN33 91570.4 0.412 0.13 9 14.8 0.20 9 — — — LGN33 91572.1 — — — 17.9 0.02 32 — — — LGN33 91572.3 — — — 16.5 L 21 — — — CONT. — 0.378 — — 13.6 — — — — — LGN18 92468.3 0.390 0.16 12 14.9 0.05 34 8.08 0.02 12 CONT. — 0.347 — — 11.1 — — 7.24 — — LGN47 91174.4 0.455 0.16 6 — — — — — — LGN47 91174.6 0.465 0.19 5 16.4 0.24 5 — — — CONT. — 0.443 — — 15.5 — — — — — LGN42 92204.1 0.396 0.03 10 13.7 0.10 21 7.76 0.06 7 LGN42 92204.3 0.388 0.10 8 12.8 0.27 12 7.52 0.27 4 LGN42 92204.5 — — — 14.5 0.18 28 7.86 0.09 8 LGN42 92207.1 0.427 0.07 19 18.2 0.02 60 8.28 L 14 CONT. — 0.359 — — 11.4 — — 7.26 — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — 8.82 0.24 16 6.31 0.03 10 NUE3 88977.1 — — — 8.77 0.30 15 — — — NUE3 88977.2 — — — 9.81 0.02 28 6.48 0.11 13 NUE3 88977.5 0.451 0.01 26 9.35 0.16 22 6.46 0.09 13 LGN9 89186.1 0.405 0.03 13 — — — — — — LGN7 89183.2 0.372 0.27 4 — — — 6.01 0.30 5 CONT. — 0.358 — — 7.64 — — 5.73 — — LGN1 92185.1 0.421 0.23 4 — — — — — — LGN1 92185.2 — — — — — — 8.56 0.08 3 LGN1 92187.1 — — — — — — 8.52 0.09 2 LGN1 92188.1 0.437 0.05 8 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.420 — — — — — 8.48 — — LGN49 89079.1 0.431 0.25 3 17.3 L 21 8.16 0.17 3 LGN49 89079.3 — — — 15.6 0.20 9 — — — LGN49 89081.3 0.463 0.02 10 17.9 0.11 26 8.32 0.16 5 LGN49 89081.6 0.440 0.28 5 15.1 0.26 6 — — — CONT. — 0.420 — — 14.3 — — 7.95 — — LGN4 89074.3 0.424 0.04 12 — — — 6.48 0.27 9 LGN4 89074.4 0.409 0.25 8 — — — 6.45 0.15 8 LGN4 89075.1 — — — 10.8 0.06 22 6.36 0.14 7 LGN4 89075.2 0.451 0.04 19 11.3 0.03 29 6.69 0.01 12 CONT. — 0.380 — — 8.83 — — 5.96 — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — — — — 7.99 0.17 5 LGN52 90581.1 — — — 14.5 0.24 13 8.16 0.04 7 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 15.2 0.14 19 — — — CONT. — — — — 12.8 — — 7.61 — — LGN23 92316.2 — — — 14.1 0.23 11 8.00 0.18 4 LGN23 92317.2 — — — — — — 8.00 0.13 4 CONT. — — — — 12.7 — — 7.71 — — LGN24 89094.2 0.394 0.25 5 — — — — — — LGN24 89096.1 — — — — — — 8.14 0.24 3 LGN24 89096.3 — — — 14.3 0.07 11 — — — CONT. — 0.374 — — 12.9 — — 7.88 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.466 0.09 8 — — — — — — LGN5 88198.4 0.495 0.03 15 — — — — — — LGN5 88201.1 0.454 0.25 6 18.3 0.06 8 8.54 0.07 3 LGN5 88201.3 0.497 0.01 15 — — — 8.39 0.15 2 LGN5 88203.2 0.479 0.01 11 19.5 0.09 15 8.43 0.11 2 CONT. — 0.431 — — 16.9 — — 8.26 — — LGN48 89063.2 0.440 0.13 10 — — — 8.38 L 8 CONT. — 0.402 — — — — — 7.79 — — LGN47 91174.3 — — — 17.4 0.11 18 8.27 0.17 4 LGN47 91174.4 0.451 0.06 8 16.2 0.22 10 8.31 0.05 4 LGN47 91174.6 0.429 0.22 5 16.9 0.05 15 8.17 0.19 2 CONT. — 0.417 — — 14.7 — — 7.98 — — LGN1 92184.1 0.429 0.01 12 14.5 0.17 21 8.30 0.04 6 LGN1 92185.1 0.414 0.22 8 15.2 L 27 8.17 0.07 5 LGN1 92185.2 0.439 0.12 14 14.4 0.23 21 7.96 0.22 3 LGN1 92187.1 0.419 0.04 9 14.4 0.04 20 8.37 L 7 LGN1 92188.1 0.461 0.02 20 14.0 0.20 17 8.10 0.11 4 CONT. — 0.385 — — 12.0 — — 7.80 — — LGN2 89029.5 0.460 0.18 7 17.1 0.07 8 — — — LGN2 89032.2 — — — 18.6 L 18 — — — LGN2 89033.1 — — — 19.0 0.07 20 — — — CONT. — 0.430 — — 15.8 — — — — — LGN45 91575.2 0.375 0.18 11 15.3 0.08 50 8.03 L 14 LGN45 91575.3 0.405 L 19 13.9 0.12 36 7.50 0.19 7 LGN45 91579.3 0.369 0.19 9 — — — 7.64 0.08 9 LGN45 91579.4 — — — 13.0 0.10 28 7.53 0.09 7 LGN45 91579.5 0.377 0.14 11 12.1 0.09 19 7.68 0.07 9 CONT. — 0.339 — — 10.2 — — 7.03 — — LGN33 91570.4 — — — — — — 8.08 0.20 3 CONT. — — — — — — — 7.84 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.418 0.04 17 16.8 0.01 81 7.90 L 17 LGN57 89065.1 — — — 12.3 L 33 — — — LGN57 89066.1 0.424 0.08 18 12.8 0.05 38 7.31 0.02 8 LGN57 89067.3 0.373 0.01 4 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.359 — — 9.29 — — 6.77 — — NUE102 90004.1 0.416 0.26 9 15.5 0.27 8 — — — NUE102 90004.2 — — — 16.6 0.18 15 8.33 0.03 8 NUE102 90005.3 0.408 0.14 7 18.0 0.09 25 8.33 L 8 CONT. — 0.382 — — 14.4 — — 7.74 — — LGN42 92204.2 — — — 16.5 0.03 19 8.52 0.14 4 LGN42 92204.3 — — — 15.8 0.28 13 — — — LGN42 92204.5 — — — 18.1 0.02 30 8.42 0.18 2 CONT. — — — — 13.9 — — 8.23 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.443 0.27 6 15.3 0.17 16 — — — LGN60 89175.3 — — — 14.3 0.21 8 — — — LGN60 89176.1 0.443 0.25 8 16.2 0.05 22 — — — LGN60 89176.2 0.435 0.29 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.417 — — 13.2 — — — — — LBY92 93921.2 — — — 36.6 L 139 8.93 L 7 LBY92 93923.3 — — — 35.1 L 129 8.67 0.07 4 CONT. — — — — 15.3 — — 8.32 — — Table 269. CONT.-Control; Ave.-Average; % Incr. = % increment; p-val.p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 270 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of RGR Of RGR Of Leaf Area Roots Coverage Root Length Gene Event P- % P- % P- % Name # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LGN35 89042.4 — — — — — — 0.775 0.22 11 LGN35 89043.1 0.0319 0.02 13 — — — 0.770 0.03 10 LGN35 89043.3 — — — — — — 0.764 0.03 9 LGN35 89043.4 — — — 1.88 L 36 0.795 L 13 CONT. — 0.0282 — — 1.39 — — 0.701 — — LGN39 89931.4 0.0431 0.21 12 — — — — — — LGN34 90403.3 0.0456 0.08 18 1.47 0.17 25 — — — CONT. — 0.0386 — — 1.18 — — — — — NUE3 88975.1 — — — 1.55 0.19 15 — — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — 1.72 L 28 0.801 0.08 8 NUE3 88977.1 — — — 1.72 L 28 — — — NUE3 88977.2 — — — 1.63 0.05 21 — — — NUE3 88977.4 — — — — — — 0.804 0.03 8 LGN9 89185.2 — — — 1.50 0.28 12 0.794 0.22 7 LGN9 89186.1 0.0414 0.10 8 — — — — — — LGN9 89186.2 — — — 1.56 0.11 16 — — — LGN14 89165.3 — — — 1.75 0.01 30 — — — LGN14 89167.3 — — — 1.70 0.02 27 — — — LGN14 89168.2 — — — 1.90 L 41 0.820 L 10 LGN14 89168.5 — — — 1.69 0.03 26 0.780 0.29 5 CONT. — 0.0383 — — 1.35 — — 0.742 — — LGN26 89037.3 — — — — — — 0.866 0.01 10 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.787 — — LGN46 89101.1 0.0381 0.06 11 2.08 0.01 21 0.765 0.01 8 LGN46 89101.3 — — — — — — 0.806 L 13 LGN46 89101.7 0.0366 0.23 7 2.03 L 19 0.773 0.01 9 LGN46 89103.1 — — — — — — 0.738 0.28 4 CONT. — 0.0343 — — 1.97 — — 0.711 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.0345 0.02 28 2.40 0.01 49 0.844 0.23 7 LGN57 89065.1 0.0295 0.14 9 2.23 0.11 38 0.858 0.15 9 LGN57 89067.1 0.0334 0.06 23 2.29 L 42 0.872 L 11 LGN57 89067.2 — — — 2.11 L 31 0.864 L 10 LGN57 89067.3 0.0319 0.03 18 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0271 — — 1.61 — — 0.786 — — LGN36 89045.2 0.0302 0.10 9 — — — 0.837 0.06 12 LGN36 89047.1 — — — 1.79 0.25 13 0.784 0.18 4 LGN36 89047.2 — — — — — — 0.845 L 13 CONT. — 0.0277 — — 1.59 — — 0.750 — — LGN54 88206.4 0.0409 L 12 — — — — — — LGN54 88207.1 — — — 1.90 0.30 7 0.772 0.05 8 LGN54 88208.2 — — — — — — 0.799 L 12 CONT. — 0.0418 — — 1.77 — — 0.713 — — LGN4 89074.3 — — — 2.03 0.02 35 0.869 0.02 17 LGN4 89075.1 — — — — — — 0.803 0.23 9 LGN4 89075.2 — — — 1.79 0.21 19 0.816 0.17 10 CONT. — — — — 1.50 — — 0.740 — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — — — — 0.771 0.24 7 LGN52 90581.1 — — — 1.88 0.03 22 0.760 0.05 5 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 1.76 0.07 14 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.54 — — 0.756 — — LGN41 92099.1 — — — — — — 0.767 0.25 4 LGN41 92102.1 — — — 2.05 0.03 27 0.865 L 18 CONT. — — — — 1.61 — — 0.735 — — LGN46 89101.1 — — — — — — 0.822 0.27 4 LGN46 89101.3 0.0378 0.02 14 — — — 0.832 0.23 5 LGN46 89101.4 0.0353 0.14 6 — — — — — — LGN46 89101.9 0.0366 0.03 10 2.27 0.20 31 — — — CONT. — 0.0332 — — 1.73 — — 0.793 — — LGN45 91575.2 — — — 2.10 0.01 36 0.830 L 18 LGN45 91579.3 — — — 1.78 0.09 15 0.792 0.03 13 LGN45 91579.5 — — — 1.69 0.28 9 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.55 — — 0.703 — — LGN23 92317.2 — — — — — — 0.839 L 13 LGN23 9238.21 — — — — — — 0.825 0.02 11 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.745 — — LGN48 89060.1 0.0332 0.10 9 — — — — — — LGN48 89061.2 0.0341 L 12 — — — — — — LGN48 89062.1 — — — — — — 0.788 0.13 5 LGN48 89063.1 0.0328 0.06 8 — — — — — — LGN48 89063.2 0.0348 0.05 14 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0341 — — — — — 0.750 — — LGN18 92466.3 — — — — — — 0.773 0.02 13 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.681 — — LGN35 89043.3 0.0336 0.29 7 — — — — — — LGN35 89043.4 — — — — — — 0.811 0.18 5 CONT. — 0.0316 — — — — — 0.773 — — LGN33 91570.4 0.0366 0.28 6 1.83 0.21 9 — — — LGN33 91521.7 — — — 2.22 0.02 32 — — — LGN33 91572.3 — — — 2.04 L 22 — — — LGN33 91574.4 — — — — — — 0.890 0.19 6 CONT. — 0.0346 — — 1.68 — — 0.840 — — LGN18 92466.3 — — — — — — 0.727 0.09 11 LGN18 92468.3 — — — 1.83 0.05 36 0.798 L 22 LGN18 92468.5 — — — — — — 0.731 0.27 12 CONT. — — — — 1.35 — — 0.654 — — LGN47 91174.2 — — — — — — 0.797 0.01 8 LGN47 91174.6 — — — 1.98 0.22 6 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.87 — — 0.731 — — LGN42 92204.1 0.0322 0.07 19 1.65 0.15 20 0.675 0.03 7 LGN42 92204.2 — — — — — — 0.733 0.10 16 LGN42 92204.3 0.0296 0.14 9 — — — 0.704 0.22 11 LGN42 92204.5 0.0308 0.27 13 1.76 0.10 28 0.722 0.17 14 LGN42 92207.1 0.0318 0.24 17 2.23 L 62 0.805 L 27 CONT. — 0.0272 — — 1.38 — — 0.633 — — NUE3 88975.2 — — — — — — 0.583 0.19 11 NUE3 88977.1 — — — — — — 0.587 0.25 12 NUE3 88977.2 — — — 1.20 0.12 29 0.603 0.12 15 NUE3 88977.5 0.0402 0.18 20 1.14 0.26 22 0.589 0.24 12 CONT. — 0.0334 — — 0.931 — — 0.524 — — LGN1 92185.1 0.0364 0.14 9 — — — — — — LGN1 92185.4 — — — — — — 0.825 0.16 7 LGN1 92188.1 0.0373 0.07 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0352 — — — — — 0.773 — — LGN49 89079.1 — — — 2.13 L 22 0.826 L 8 LGN49 89079.3 — — — 1.92 0.15 10 0.824 L 8 LGN49 89081.3 0.0385 0.08 9 2.19 0.11 26 0.834 0.03 10 LGN49 89081.4 — — — 1.97 0.26 13 0.899 L 18 LGN49 89081.6 — — — 1.86 0.23 7 — — — CONT. — 0.0353 — — 1.74 — — 0.761 LGN4 89074.3 0.0418 L 21 — — — — — — LGN4 89074.4 0.0396 0.03 15 — — — 0.581 0.24 11 LGN4 89075.1 — — — 1.31 0.11 23 — — — LGN4 89075.2 0.0387 0.08 12 1.37 0.05 29 — — — CONT. — 0.0344 — — 1.06 — — 0.526 — — LGN52 90578.6 — — — — — — 0.763 0.02 12 LGN52 90581.1 — — — 1.76 0.20 15 0.764 L 13 LGN52 90581.4 — — — 1.84 0.12 20 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.54 — — 0.678 — — LGN23 92316.2 — — — 1.72 0.21 12 0.795 0.03 10 LGN23 92317.2 — — — — — — 0.809 0.05 12 LGN23 92318.1 — — — — — — 0.749 0.16 4 LGN23 9238.21 — — — — — — 0.778 L 8 CONT. — — — — 1.54 — — 0.722 — — LGN24 89096.1 — — — — — — 0.773 0.17 7 LGN24 89096.3 — — — 1.74 0.06 12 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.56 — — 0.723 — — LGN5 88198.1 0.0398 0.05 13 — — — — — — LGN5 88198.4 0.0401 L 14 — — — 0.785 0.11 8 LGN5 88201.1 0.0388 0.14 11 2.21 0.06 9 0.819 0.09 9 LGN5 88201.3 0.0433 0.03 24 — — — 0.761 0.10 5 LGN5 88203.2 0.0410 L 17 2.33 0.12 14 — — — CONT. — 0.0351 — — 2.04 — — 0.750 — — LGN48 89060.1 0.0337 L 9 — — — — — — LGN48 89061.2 0.0344 0.08 11 — — — — — — LGN48 89063.1 0.0341 0.24 10 — — — — — — LGN48 89063.2 0.0377 0.25 10 — — — 0.774 0.06 4 CONT. — 0.0344 — — — — — 0.731 — — LGN47 91171.4 0.0371 0.23 5 — — — — — — LGN47 91174.3 — — — 2.15 0.10 19 0.859 0.09 6 LGN47 91174.4 0.0393 0.02 12 2.01 0.20 11 0.873 0.04 8 LGN47 91174.6 — — — 2.08 0.04 15 0.848 0.06 4 CONT. — 0.0352 — — 1.81 — — 0.812 — — LGN1 92184.1 0.0353 0.25 5 1.78 0.18 21 0.792 0.24 4 LGN1 92185.1 — — — 1.88 L 28 0.827 L 8 LGN1 92185.2 0.0369 0.19 14 1.78 0.23 21 0.786 0.13 3 LGN1 92187.1 0.0363 0.12 8 1.76 0.19 9 0.793 0.06 4 LGN1 92188.1 0.0390 L 16 1.71 0.23 17 — — — CONT. — 0.0335 — — 1.47 — — 0.765 — — LGN2 89029.5 — — — 2.04 0.17 6 — — — LGN2 89032.2 — — — 2.21 0.02 15 — — — LGN2 89032.3 — — — — — — 0.808 0.08 8 LGN2 89033.1 — — — 2.27 0.08 19 — — — CONT. — — — — 1.92 — — 0.745 — — LGN45 91575.2 — — — 1.88 0.08 51 0.833 L 30 LGN45 91575.3 0.0300 0.04 14 1.70 0.12 36 0.748 L 17 LGN45 91579.3 0.0291 0.26 11 — — — 0.709 0.08 11 LGN45 91579.4 — — — 1.58 0.10 27 0.699 0.21 9 LGN45 91579.5 0.0310 0.07 18 1.47 0.09 18 0.693 0.09 9 CONT. — 0.0262 — — 1.24 — — 0.639 — — LGN33 91570.4 — — — — — — 0.813 0.11 6 LGN33 91572.1 — — — — — — 0.861 0.01 12 LGN33 91572.3 — — — — — — 0.811 0.11 6 LGN33 9154.27 — — — — — — 0.849 0.06 11 LGN33 91574.4 — — — — — — 0.859 0.02 12 CONT. — — — — — — — 0.768 — — LGN57 89064.2 0.0341 0.03 14 2.08 0.01 81 0.834 L 17 LGN57 89065.1 — — — 1.53 L 33 — — — LGN57 89066.1 — — — 1.57 0.06 37 0.756 0.03 6 LGN57 89067.3 0.0333 L 12 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0298 — — 1.15 — — 0.714 — — NUE102 90004.1 — — — 1.88 0.18 10 — — — NUE102 90004.2 — — — 1.99 0.17 17 0.767 L 12 NUE102 90004.3 — — — — — — 0.763 0.04 12 NUE102 90005.1 — — — — — — 0.791 0.03 16 NUE102 90005.3 0.0359 0.10 9 2.21 0.07 30 0.871 L 28 CONT. — 0.0328 — — 1.70 — — 0.683 — — LGN42 92204.2 — — — 2.02 0.12 20 0.826 0.23 6 LGN42 92204.3 — — — 1.93 0.28 15 — — — LGN42 92204.5 — — — 2.23 0.02 32 0.847 0.10 8 CONT. — — — — 1.68 0.781 — — LGN60 89174.2 0.0389 0.05 8 1.83 0.27 14 — — LGN60 89175.3 — — — 1.75 0.18 9 0.795 0.15 7 LGN60 89176.1 — — — 1.97 0.06 22 0.780 0.19 5 LGN60 89176.2 0.0394 0.22 10 — — — — — — LGN60 89177.1 — — — — — — 0.782 0.20 5 CONT. — 0.0368 — — 1.61 — — 0.743 — — LBY92 93921.2 — — — 4.54 L 142 0.973 0.01 21 LBY92 93923.3 — — — 4.35 L 132 0.877 0.24 9 CONT. — — — — 1.87 — — 0.803 — — Table 270. CONT.-Control; Ave.-Average;% Incr. = % increment; p-val.-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 271 Genes showing improved plan performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Area [cm²] Roots Coverage [cm²] Roots Length [cm] P- % P- % P- % Gene Name Event # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY186 91657.1 0.416 0.02 9 17.5 0.14 33 8.31 0.03 8 LBY186 91659.1 — — — 16.4 L 25 7.88 0.12 2 LBY186 91659.2 — — — 15.1 0.06 15 7.95 0.07 3 LBY186 91659.3 0.460 L 20 19.2 L 46 8.27 L 7 LBY179 91545.2 — — — 15.8 L 21 8.00 L 4 LBY179 91545.4 0.403 0.26 6 — — — 8.17 L 6 LBY179 91547.2 — — — 14.4 0.13 10 — — — LBY179 91549.1 0.428 0.15 12 16.4 0.02 25 8.32 L 8 LBY152 91286.1 0.426 0.03 12 16.5 0.02 26 8.20 0.05 6 LBY152 91288.2 0.434 0.01 14 16.5 0.07 25 8.17 0.06 6 LBY152 91289.2 — — — 15.0 0.19 14 8.04 0.03 4 LBY123 91427.1 0.430 0.25 13 15.6 0.20 19 — — — LBY123 91429.2 0.418 0.03 9 15.6 0.10 19 8.04 0.09 4 LBY123 91429.3 — — — 15.2 0.08 16 8.28 L 7 LBY114 91391.2 0.417 0.10 9 — — — — — — LBY114 91393.1 0.395 0.25 4 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.382 — — 13.1 — — 7.72 — — LBY200 92754.1 0.385 0.13 10 14.9 0.05 17 7.83 0.21 3 LBY200 92754.3 0.405 L 16 — — — — — — LBY200 92757.1 0.398 0.04 13 — — — — — — LBY200 92757.2 0.377 0.16 8 — — — — — — LBY200 92758.3 0.408 0.08 16 — — — — — — LBY141 92564.1 — — — 15.1 0.30 18 — — — LBY141 92565.2 — — — 15.0 0.08 17 — — — CONT. — 0.351 — — 12.8 — — 7.59 — — LBY203 92839.1 — — — 14.6 0.29 16 — — — LBY203 92841.2 — — — 15.8 0.14 25 8.16 0.04 7 LBY203 92842.3 0.450 0.08 10 — — — 8.09 L 6 LBY180 92576.3 — — — 14.8 0.04 17 — — — LBY180 92578.5 0.444 0.20 9 16.2 0.02 28 8.26 L 8 LBY177 92495.1 — — — — — — 8.08 0.04 6 LBY177 92497.3 — — — — — — 7.88 0.25 3 LBY177 92497.6 — — — 15.4 0.09 22 8.14 L 7 LBY144 93059.3 — — — — — — 7.99 0.18 5 LBY144 93061.4 — — — 16.7 0.03 32 8.43 L 11 LBY144 93061.5 — — — 16.9 0.01 34 8.23 0.03 8 LBY144 93061.6 — — — 14.9 0.22 18 — — — LBY111 92794.4 0.443 0.16 8 — — — 8.01 0.07 5 LBY111 92797.1 0.470 0.11 15 — — — 8.02 0.13 5 LBY111 92798.1 — — — — — — 8.00 0.08 5 CONT. — 0.409 — — 12.6 — — 7.62 — — LBY191 92519.2 — — — 19.0 0.04 29 — — — LBY191 92522.1 0.369 0.22 5 — — — — — — LBY191 92523.3 0.400 0.01 14 — — — — — — LBY144 93059.3 0.374 0.10 7 — — — — — — LBY111 92797.1 0.382 0.16 9 — — — — — — LBY111 92798.1 0.371 0.28 6 — — — 8.09 0.17 4 CONT. — 0.351 — — 14.6 — — 7.74 — — LBY78 92311.4 0.425 0.18 12 15.2 0.02 22 8.05 0.18 4 LBY78 92312.2 — — — — 14.0 0.22 12 — — LBY78 92313.1 — — — — — — 8.19 0.07 6 LBY78 92313.5 — — — 15.2 0.11 22 — — — LBY31 92344.1 0.423 0.02 11 15.6 0.19 25 8.26 0.05 7 LBY31 92345.4 — — — 15.8 0.05 27 8.13 0.13 5 LBY31 92345.6 0.427 0.13 12 — — — — — — LBY31 92347.2 0.415 0.20 9 — — — 8.08 0.15 5 LBY175 92179.1 0.427 0.16 12 16.0 0.03 28 8.23 0.05 7 LBY175 92179.3 — — — 13.9 0.21 11 — — — LBY175 92181.2 0.441 0.20 16 15.9 0.02 27 8.21 0.05 6 LBY175 92181.3 — — — 13.8 0.28 11 8.29 0.08 7 LBY175 92181.4 0.440 0.02 16 15.3 0.04 22 8.06 0.28 4 LBY149 92245.2 — — — 13.9 0.21 11 — — — LBY149 92246.3 — — — 14.5 0.18 16 8.10 0.15 5 LBY149 92247.1 — — — — — — 8.13 0.14 5 LBY140 92265.2 — — — 17.2 0.05 37 8.14 0.13 6 LBY140 92265.5 — — — 16.5 0.02 32 8.14 0.12 5 LBY140 92268.2 0.410 0.05 8 — — — 8.15 0.15 6 LBY116 92136.3 0.409 0.24 8 15.5 0.12 24 8.10 0.19 5 LBY116 92136.4 — — — 14.6 0.11 17 8.22 0.05 6 CONT. — 0.380 — — 12.5 — — 7.72 — — LBY68 93862.5 — — — 16.0 0.24 7 — — — LBY5 93940.2 — — — — — — 8.53 0.23 2 LBY34_H2 93856.1 — — — 16.6 0.21 11 — — — LBY183 92516.5 — — — 15.9 0.28 6 — — — LBY159 92152.3 0.456 0.22 8 16.4 0.18 10 8.56 0.25 2 LBY159 92153.1 — — — 17.8 0.17 19 8.56 0.23 2 LBY157 92803.1 — — — 18.0 0.25 21 8.59 0.22 3 LBY148 93767.2 — — — 16.4 0.24 10 8.69 0.16 4 LBY109 93950.6 — — — — — — 8.56 0.28 2 CONT. — 0.423 — — 14.9 — — 8.36 — — LBY80 92269.3 — — — 10.7 0.01 43 7.41 L 15 LBY80 92270.1 0.356 0.17 10 8.74 0.15 17 6.87 0.03 7 LBY80 92272.2 — — — 11.5 L 54 7.37 L 15 LBY80 92273.1 — — — 8.88 0.14 19 7.00 0.02 9 LBY185 91497.1 0.363 0.04 12 13.0 L 74 7.44 L 16 LBY185 91497.2 0.358 0.15 11 10.2 0.01 36 6.92 0.03 8 LBY185 91498.2 0.366 0.02 14 13.2 0.02 76 7.64 L 19 LBY185 91499.2 — — — 9.26 0.11 24 — — — LBY179 91545.2 — — — 12.1 L 62 7.43 L 16 LBY179 91545.4 — — — — — — 6.81 0.27 6 LBY179 91547.2 0.369 0.29 14 13.7 0.10 84 7.35 0.06 14 LBY179 91549.1 — — — 9.58 L 28 6.91 0.12 8 LBY179 91549.3 — — — 12.0 L 61 7.60 L 18 LBY173 91651.2 — — — 9.69 0.03 30 6.79 0.09 6 LBY173 91652.1 0.378 0.08 17 15.0 0.01 100 7.70 L 20 LBY173 91652.2 0.358 0.03 11 12.6 L 68 7.07 0.04 10 LBY173 91652.3 0.358 0.18 11 9.59 L 28 7.11 L 11 LBY173 91653.1 — — — 11.1 L 49 7.00 0.08 9 LBY153 92249.2 0.339 0.28 5 10.4 0.02 39 7.06 0.05 10 LBY153 92253.2 0.358 0.18 11 — — — — — — LBY121 92290.3 0.358 0.10 11 12.2 L 64 7.60 L 18 LBY121 92290.4 — — — 10.6 0.14 41 — — — LBY121 92291.2 0.363 0.20 13 9.37 0.17 25 7.22 0.13 12 LBY121 92291.4 — — — 11.0 0.04 47 6.85 0.26 7 CONT. — 0.323 — — 7.48 — — 6.42 — — LBY71 93769.3 0.368 0.28 8 — — — — — — LBY68 93862.1 0.365 0.30 7 12.9 0.21 13 7.75 0.07 6 LBY68 93862.4 0.394 0.07 15 — — — 8.21 L 12 LBY61 94019.4 — — — 13.5 0.22 18 7.60 0.28 4 LBY61 94021.4 — — — 13.1 0.17 15 — — — LBY6 94111.3 0.382 0.14 12 — — — — — — LBY52 93946.2 0.427 L 25 12.7 0.27 12 7.81 0.07 7 LBY52 93947.2 0.389 0.02 14 — — — 8.05 0.05 10 LBY44 92491.2 0.399 0.04 17 — — — 7.96 0.02 9 LBY34_H2 93856.1 0.393 0.09 15 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93857.1 — — — 13.0 0.26 14 — — — LBY34_H2 93857.2 — — — 14.4 0.05 26 7.75 0.10 6 LBY34_H2 93857.4 0.374 0.22 10 — — — — — — LBY216 94080.3 0.438 L 28 13.1 0.14 15 7.97 0.01 9 LBY20 94085.1 0.408 0.06 20 14.7 0.06 29 — — — LBY20 94087.3 0.383 0.06 12 — — — 8.13 0.02 11 LBY142 93199.1 — — — 13.5 0.11 19 7.74 0.18 6 LBY142 93203.4 0.386 0.03 13 15.2 L 34 7.79 0.06 7 CONT. — 0.341 — — 11.4 — — 7.30 — — LBY41 91620.4 — — — 14.2 0.29 11 — — — LBY41 91621.1 0.425 L 16 15.4 L 20 8.12 0.29 2 LBY41 91621.2 — — — 14.4 0.10 12 — — — LBY41 91623.1 — — — 14.7 0.01 14 8.25 0.27 4 LBY41 91623.2 0.393 0.29 7 15.7 0.07 23 8.47 0.01 6 LBY173 91651.2 — — — 13.8 0.24 8 — — — LBY173 91652.1 0.402 0.25 10 18.5 0.01 44 8.45 0.03 6 LBY173 91652.5 0.434 0.03 18 18.9 L 48 — — — LBY166 91542.5 — — — 15.2 0.08 19 — — — LBY166 91544.5 — — — 15.9 L 24 8.31 0.02 4 CONT. — 0.366 — — 12.8 — — 7.96 — — LBY85 92064.1 0.455 0.09 13 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.2 0.442 0.19 9 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.3 0.468 L 16 18.9 L 22 8.44 0.15 2 LBY85 92066.5 0.474 L 17 — — — — — — LBY85 92068.3 — — — 16.6 0.18 8 — — — LBY64 91340.4 0.453 0.05 12 16.3 0.10 6 8.47 0.19 2 LBY64 91342.2 0.454 L 12 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.3 0.454 L 12 16.8 0.27 9 — — — LBY64 91342.6 0.434 0.10 8 — — — — — — LBY46 92200.3 0.432 0.07 7 17.2 0.14 11 — — — LBY46 92201.2 0.450 0.04 11 — — — — — — LBY46 92201.4 0.454 L 12 18.0 0.17 17 8.42 0.13 2 LBY207 92155.1 0.467 0.02 16 17.0 0.17 10 — — — LBY207 92157.3 — — — 17.5 0.13 13 — — — LBY207 92158.2 0.516 0.01 28 17.2 0.17 11 — — — LBY185 91497.1 0.464 L 15 17.2 0.30 11 — — — LBY185 91497.2 0.478 L 18 18.8 L 22 — — — LBY185 91498.2 0.470 0.03 16 — — — — — — LBY185 91499.2 0.450 0.05 11 16.9 0.27 10 — — — LBY17 92216.2 0.472 0.08 17 16.5 0.27 7 — — — LBY155 92015.1 0.489 0.02 21 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.4 0.492 L 22 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.7 0.466 L 15 16.9 0.21 10 — — — LBY122 91370.2 0.497 L 23 16.7 0.10 8 — — — LBY122 91371.3 0.422 0.30 5 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 0.475 0.12 18 17.6 0.08 14 — — — LBY122 91374.1 0.468 L 16 17.8 0.07 15 — — — CONT. — 0.404 — — 15.4 — — 8.27 — — LBY50 91317.3 0.407 0.13 8 — — — — — — LBY50 91318.1 0.403 0.24 7 — — — — — — LBY50 91318.2 0.452 0.03 19 — — — — — — LBY50 91318.4 0.412 0.18 9 — — — — — — LBY24 91220.6 0.425 0.07 12 17.7 0.02 16 8.78 L 9 LBY24 91221.1 0.436 0.02 15 — — — — — — LBY24 91221.2 0.472 0.04 25 19.2 L 25 8.42 0.05 5 LBY24 91223.2 0.404 0.23 7 — — — — — — LBY24 91223.3 0.448 0.01 18 — — — — — — LBY21 90977.1 0.415 0.07 10 — — — — — — LBY21 90978.4 0.430 0.04 14 — — — — — — LBY21 90980.1 0.407 0.11 8 16.8 0.18 9 8.30 0.22 3 LBY161 91292.1 0.451 L 19 16.9 0.24 10 — — — LBY161 91292.3 — — — 16.5 0.17 8 8.29 0.20 3 LBY161 91293.3 0.441 0.14 17 19.0 0.03 24 8.62 0.02 7 LBY161 91294.1 — — — — — — 8.40 0.08 4 LBY152 91286.1 0.436 L 15 — — — — — — LBY152 91287.1 0.469 L 24 — — — 8.27 0.22 3 LBY152 91288.2 0.417 0.13 10 — — — — — — LBY152 91289.2 0.422 0.01 11 — — — — — — LBY15 91143.1 0.432 0.09 14 — — — — — — LBY15 91144.2 0.425 0.19 12 18.3 0.03 19 8.38 0.08 4 LBY15 91144.3 0.418 0.24 11 17.1 0.05 11 8.28 0.23 3 LBY123 91428.2 — — — 17.9 L 17 8.28 0.20 3 LBY123 91429.2 — — — 18.0 0.06 18 8.26 0.27 3 LBY123 91429.3 — — — 17.6 0.10 15 — — — LBY123 91429.6 0.431 0.18 14 18.6 0.09 22 8.37 0.19 4 LBY114 91391.2 0.434 0.05 15 — — — — — — LBY114 91393.1 — — — 18.3 0.07 20 — — LBY114 91393.2 0.404 0.14 7 — — — 8.36 0.16 4 CONT. — 0.379 — — 15.3 — — 8.06 — — LBY80 92269.3 — — — — — — 7.64 0.26 2 LBY80 92269.4 0.410 0.09 11 14.1 0.28 24 — — — LBY80 92270.1 0.422 L 15 14.3 0.02 26 7.93 0.04 6 LBY80 92272.2 — — — — — — 7.77 0.05 4 LBY78 92311.3 0.424 0.07 15 — — — 8.07 0.02 8 LBY78 92311.4 0.414 0.25 12 — — — — — — LBY78 92312.2 — — — — — — 7.77 0.15 4 LBY78 92313.5 — — — 14.5 0.01 28 7.97 0.15 6 LBY53 92414.1 — — — 13.1 0.16 16 7.77 0.07 4 LBY53 92418.1 0.406 0.06 10 — — — 8.03 0.02 7 LBY153 92249.2 — — — 12.9 L 14 7.61 0.29 2 LBY153 92252.2 — — — 13.3 0.25 17 8.07 0.10 8 LBY149 92246.3 0.422 0.01 15 15.7 L 39 8.33 L 11 LBY121 92291.2 — — — 13.4 0.08 18 — — — CONT. — 0.368 — — 11.3 — — 7.48 — — LBY76 92642.1 — — — 16.3 0.29 15 — — — LBY70 92684.2 — — — 16.8 0.10 19 — — — LBY70 92685.5 0.450 0.04 15 17.4 0.11 23 8.07 0.24 4 LBY70 92686.3 — — — 16.1 0.24 13 — — — LBY227 92851.1 0.449 0.01 15 — — — 8.23 0.08 7 LBY227 92853.1 0.428 0.30 10 — — — — — — LBY159 92152.1 0.432 0.18 11 16.2 0.16 14 — — — LBY159 92153.1 — — — 16.8 0.29 19 8.03 0.26 4 LBY156 92294.1 — — — 15.6 0.29 10 — — — LBY156 92294.3 — — — — — — 8.20 0.11 6 LBY145 92605.1 0.422 0.23 8 — — — — — — LBY145 92606.2 0.433 0.03 11 16.8 0.09 18 8.15 0.13 5 LBY145 92608.4 — — — 15.9 0.20 12 — — — CONT. — 0.390 — — 14.2 — — 7.72 — — LBY92 93921.2 — — — 36.6 L 139 8.93 L 7 LBY92 93923.3 — — — 35.1 L 129 8.67 0.07 4 LBY6 94110.2 — — — 17.9 0.25 17 8.52 0.27 2 LBY20 94084.1 — — — 18.7 0.23 22 8.71 0.19 5 LBY20 94087.1 0.427 0.25 8 — — — — — — LBY148 93765.1 — — — 17.2 0.06 12 — — — LBY148 93768.1 0.433 0.15 9 — — — — — — LBY106_H3 93916.1 0.426 0.24 7 17.1 0.13 12 — — — LBY106_H3 93918.1 — — — 17.9 0.07 17 — — — CONT. — 0.397 — — 15.3 — — 8.32 — — LBY50 91317.3 — — — 15.6 0.04 17 7.96 0.18 4 LBY24 91221.2 0.438 0.17 7 16.6 0.05 25 8.02 0.16 5 LBY21 90980.1 0.439 0.25 8 15.7 0.25 18 — — — LBY161 91294.1 — — — — — — 8.09 0.09 6 LBY15 91144.1 — — — 14.8 0.18 11 8.03 0.12 5 LBY15 91144.2 — — — — — — 8.12 0.07 6 CONT. — 0.408 — — 13.3 — — 7.63 — — LBY53 92414.1 — — — — — — 8.35 0.18 4 LBY53 92415.1 0.466 0.03 12 — — — — — — LBY53 92416.1 — — — 16.2 0.15 17 8.33 0.14 3 LBY53 92418.1 — — — 16.2 0.15 17 — — — LBY31 92344.1 0.450 0.20 9 15.8 0.13 15 — — — LBY31 92344.2 — — — 17.2 0.05 24 8.33 0.07 3 LBY31 92347.1 — — — 15.4 0.14 11 — — — LBY208 92358.1 0.454 0.11 10 — — — — — — LBY208 92358.2 0.439 0.29 6 — — — — — — LBY207 92154.1 — — — 16.6 0.24 20 — — — LBY207 92155.1 — — — 15.7 0.03 13 — — — LBY207 92157.3 0.461 0.01 11 18.8 0.02 36 8.37 0.05 4 LBY207 92158.2 0.448 0.19 8 15.1 0.15 9 — — — LBY175 92179.1 — — — 16.8 0.14 21 — — — LBY175 92181.3 0.462 0.05 12 17.6 0.13 27 8.38 0.07 4 LBY175 92181.4 — — — 16.3 0.09 18 — — — LBY140 92265.2 0.452 0.08 9 16.2 0.05 17 8.39 0.04 4 LBY140 92265.5 — — — 15.8 0.26 14 — — — LBY140 92266.3 — — — 16.6 0.04 20 8.30 0.27 3 LBY116 92136.1 — — — 16.3 0.09 18 — — — LBY116 92136.3 — — — 17.3 0.09 25 — — — LBY116 92136.4 — — — 18.0 0.12 30 — — — LBY116 92138.6 0.439 0.24 6 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.414 — — 13.8 — — 8.05 — — LBY181 92479.3 — — — 15.1 L 32 — — — LBY181 92482.1 0.345 0.22 3 — — — — — — LBY167 92770.4 — — — 14.1 0.18 24 — — — LBY167 92773.1 — — — 13.7 0.15 20 — — — LBY157 92802.2 — — — 14.2 0.06 24 — — — LBY157 92802.3 0.389 0.08 16 17.4 0.07 53 — — — LBY157 92803.1 — — — 14.3 0.02 25 — — — LBY157 92803.2 — — — 14.9 0.10 30 — — — CONT. — 0.334 — — 11.4 — — — — — LBY41 91620.4 — — — 19.1 0.02 17 8.67 L 4 LBY41 91621.2 — — — 18.9 0.13 16 — — — LBY41 91623.2 0.431 0.16 7 — — — 8.45 0.23 1 LBY186 91655.4 — — — 18.4 0.05 13 — — — LBY186 91657.1 — — — 19.2 0.09 18 8.80 L 6 LBY186 91659.1 — — — 18.8 0.07 15 8.51 0.26 2 LBY186 91659.3 — — — 19.9 0.06 22 — — — LBY166 91544.3 — — — — — — 8.51 0.14 2 CONT. — 0.404 — — 16.3 — — 8.33 — — LBY85 92064.1 — — — — — — 8.17 0.17 3 LBY85 92066.3 0.387 0.30 7 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.5 — — — 16.6 0.07 21 8.13 0.24 3 LBY64 91340.4 — — — — — — 8.13 0.20 3 LBY64 91342.3 0.383 0.25 6 — — — 8.19 0.18 4 LBY64 91342.6 — — — — — — 8.10 0.27 2 LBY46 92200.3 0.392 0.19 8 — — — — — — LBY46 92201.2 0.395 0.02 9 17.7 L 28 8.24 0.08 4 LBY46 92201.4 0.386 0.10 7 17.8 0.01 29 8.14 0.28 3 LBY17 92214.1 — — — — — — 8.13 0.23 3 LBY17 92216.3 — — — 15.9 0.13 15 8.16 0.19 3 LBY17 92216.4 — — — 15.6 0.17 14 8.45 0.01 7 LBY155 92014.2 — — — 15.0 0.25 9 — — — LBY155 92015.1 0.389 0.19 7 14.9 0.26 8 8.19 0.14 4 LBY122 91371.2 0.394 0.10 9 15.3 0.15 11 — — — LBY122 91371.3 — — — 15.4 0.13 12 8.30 0.05 5 LBY122 91371.4 0.382 0.25 5 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 0.378 0.24 4 16.1 0.18 17 — — — LBY122 91374.1 — — — 15.4 0.16 12 8.10 0.26 3 CONT. — 0.362 — — 13.8 — — 7.90 — — Table 271. “CONT.”-Control. “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

TABLE 272 Genes showing improved plant performance at Low Nitrogen growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of Leaf Area RGR Of Roots Coverage RGR Of Root Length P- % P- % P- % Gene Name Event # Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY186 91657.1 — — — 2.15 0.02 33 0.879 0.01 14 LBY186 91659.1 — — — 2.02 0.02 25 0.830 0.15 8 LBY186 91659.2 — — — 1.87 0.15 16 0.894 L 16 LBY186 91659.3 0.0406 L 22 2.37 L 46 0.871 0.05 13 LBY186 91659.4 — — — — — — 0.871 0.02 13 LBY179 91545.2 — — — 1.95 0.06 20 0.865 0.02 12 LBY179 91545.4 0.0365 0.14 9 — — — — — — LBY179 91547.2 — — — — — — 0.831 0.15 8 LBY179 91549.1 0.0379 0.07 14 2.03 0.01 25 0.883 0.02 15 LBY152 91286.1 0.0363 0.12 9 2.03 0.02 25 0.870 0.02 13 LBY152 91288.2 0.0381 0.02 14 2.02 0.03 25 — — — LBY152 91289.2 — — — 1.86 0.20 15 0.882 L 15 LBY123 91427.1 0.0388 0.08 16 1.92 0.12 19 0.839 0.13 9 LBY123 91429.2 0.0360 0.13 8 1.93 0.07 19 0.854 0.07 11 LBY123 91429.3 0.0359 0.13 8 1.87 0.14 15 0.842 0.13 9 LBY114 91391.1 — — — — — — 0.828 0.27 8 LBY114 91391.2 0.0381 0.03 14 — — — — — — LBY114 91393.1 0.0371 0.06 11 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0334 — — 1.62 — — 0.769 — — LBY200 92754.1 — — — 1.78 0.13 17 — — — LBY200 92754.3 0.0339 0.03 18 — — — — — — LBY200 92757.1 0.0322 0.18 13 — — — — — — LBY200 92758.3 0.0349 0.03 22 — — — — — — LBY141 92564.1 — — — 1.86 0.13 22 0.834 L 32 LBY141 92565.2 — — — 1.84 0.11 21 0.721 0.10 14 LBY141 92566.3 — — — — — — 0.756 0.03 19 CONT. — 0.0286 — — 1.52 — — 0.634 — — LBY203 92839.1 — — — 1.76 0.14 18 — — — LBY203 92841.2 — — — 1.89 0.04 26 — — — LBY203 92842.3 0.0390 0.05 18 — — — — — — LBY180 92576.3 — — — 1.78 0.08 19 0.745 0.29 7 LBY180 92578.5 — — — 1.94 L 30 0.756 0.26 9 LBY177 92495.1 — — — — — — 0.746 0.28 7 LBY177 92497.6 — — — 1.85 0.04 24 — — — LBY144 93061.4 — — — 2.00 L 33 — — — LBY144 93061.5 — — — 2.05 L 36 0.773 0.15 11 LBY144 93061.6 — — — 1.80 0.09 20 — — — LBY111 92797.1 0.0398 0.09 20 — — — — — — CONT. — 0.0331 — — 1.50 — — 0.695 — — LBY203 92842.3 0.0355 0.02 20 — — — — — — LBY191 92519.2 — — — 2.34 0.04 31 — — — LBY191 92523.3 0.0331 0.06 12 — — — — — — LBY167 92772.1 — — — — — — 0.809 0.17 8 LBY144 93059.3 0.0322 0.12 8 — — — — — — LBY144 93061.5 0.0318 0.23 7 — — — — — — LBY111 92797.1 0.0333 0.05 12 — — — — — — LBY111 92798.1 0.0316 0.26 6 — — — 0.798 0.19 7 CONT. — 0.0297 — — 1.79 — — 0.748 — — LBY78 92311.4 — — — 1.81 0.07 21 — — — LBY78 92312.2 — — — 1.70 0.26 13 — — — LBY78 92313.5 0.0365 0.15 16 1.84 0.08 23 — — — LBY31 92344.1 — — — 1.86 0.08 24 — — — LBY31 92345.4 — — — 1.89 0.05 26 — — — LBY31 92347.2 0.0362 0.14 15 — — — — — — LBY175 92179.1 — — — 1.93 0.02 29 — — — LBY175 92179.3 — — — 1.70 0.28 13 — — — LBY175 92181.2 — — — 1.92 0.02 28 — — — LBY175 92181.4 — — — 1.83 0.08 22 — — — LBY149 92246.3 — — — 1.75 0.17 16 — — — LBY149 92247.1 — — — — — — 0.820 0.28 14 LBY140 92265.2 — — — 2.08 L 39 — — — LBY140 92265.5 — — — 1.97 0.01 31 — — — LBY140 92268.2 — — — — — — 0.846 0.16 18 LBY116 92136.3 — — — 1.88 0.06 25 — — — LBY116 92136.4 — — — 1.78 0.11 19 0.834 0.21 16 CONT. — 0.0315 — — 1.50 — — 0.720 — — LBY201 93927.1 0.0399 0.22 8 — — — — — — LBY159 92152.3 — — — 2.09 0.29 11 0.917 0.06 7 LBY159 92153.1 — — — 2.25 0.10 19 — — — LBY157 92803.1 — — — 2.29 0.10 21 0.910 0.07 7 LBY148 93768.1 — — — — — — 0.909 0.18 7 LBY109 93950.1 — — — — — — 0.906 0.21 6 LBY109 93950.6 — — — — — — 0.937 0.02 10 CONT. — 0.0370 — — 1.89 — — 0.853 — — LBY80 92269.3 — — — 1.27 L 42 0.634 0.21 9 LBY80 92269.4 0.0270 0.28 6 — — — — — — LBY80 92270.1 0.0296 0.05 16 1.03 0.13 15 — — — LBY80 92272.2 — — — 1.37 L 53 0.638 0.07 10 LBY80 92273.1 — — — 1.05 0.08 18 — — — LBY185 91497.1 0.0275 0.15 8 1.56 L 74 0.655 0.07 13 LBY185 91497.2 0.0277 0.26 9 1.22 L 36 0.622 0.14 7 LBY185 91498.2 0.0280 0.12 10 1.57 L 76 0.687 0.01 18 LBY185 91499.2 — — — 1.11 0.03 24 0.608 0.24 5 LBY185 91499.3 — — — 1.02 0.30 14 0.634 0.24 9 LBY179 91545.2 — — — 1.45 L 62 0.675 0.02 16 LBY179 91547.2 — — — 1.67 L 87 0.708 0.03 22 LBY179 91549.1 — — — 1.14 L 28 0.642 0.12 11 LBY179 91549.3 — — — 1.46 L 63 0.735 L 27 LBY173 91651.2 — — — 1.16 L 30 0.664 0.03 14 LBY173 91652.1 — — — 1.82 L 103 0.767 L 32 LBY173 91652.2 — — — 1.51 L 69 0.663 0.04 14 LBY173 91652.3 0.0298 0.14 17 1.15 L 28 0.668 L 15 LBY173 91653.1 — — — 1.35 L 51 0.685 0.02 18 LBY153 92249.2 — — — 1.24 L 39 0.625 0.25 8 LBY153 92253.2 0.0281 0.21 11 1.02 0.30 14 — — — LBY121 92290.3 0.0293 0.04 15 1.48 L 66 0.710 L 22 LBY121 92290.4 — — — 1.28 L 43 0.692 0.12 19 LBY121 92291.2 0.0296 0.11 17 1.12 0.05 25 0.659 0.13 14 LBY121 92291.4 — — — 1.34 L 50 0.684 0.02 18 LBY121 92293.2 — — — — — — 0.622 0.24 7 CONT. — 0.0254 — — 0.893 — — 0.580 — — LBY71 93769.3 0.0355 0.25 16 — — — — — — LBY68 93862.1 — — — — — — 0.806 0.21 10 LBY68 93862.4 0.0412 L 35 — — — 0.832 0.16 14 LBY61 94019.4 — — — 1.81 0.22 19 — — — LBY61 94021.4 — — — 1.78 0.23 17 — — — LBY6 94111.3 0.0362 0.16 18 — — — — — — LBY52 93944.1 0.0379 0.08 24 — — — — — — LBY52 93946.2 0.0406 0.01 33 — — — 0.841 0.09 15 LBY52 93947.2 0.0375 0.06 23 — — — 0.875 0.03 20 LBY44 92491.2 0.0388 0.04 27 — — — 0.841 0.08 15 LBY34_H2 93856.1 0.0385 0.06 26 — — — — — — LBY34_H2 93857.1 — — — 1.77 0.28 16 0.805 0.18 10 LBY34_H2 93857.2 — — — 1.96 0.04 29 — — — LBY216 94080.3 0.0420 L 37 1.79 0.21 18 0.877 0.02 20 LBY216 94082.2 0.0345 0.29 13 — — — — — — LBY20 94085.1 0.0356 0.22 16 1.99 0.05 31 0.842 0.09 15 LBY20 94087.3 0.0393 0.02 29 — — — 0.924 L 27 LBY181 92480.1 — — — — — — 0.861 0.04 18 LBY142 93199.1 0.0367 0.14 20 1.81 0.18 19 — — — LBY142 93203.4 — — — 2.06 0.02 35 0.796 0.27 9 CONT. — 0.0306 — — 1.52 — — 0.730 — — LBY41 91621.1 0.0379 0.04 15 1.90 0.06 21 — — — LBY41 91621.2 — — — 1.79 0.26 13 0.875 0.14 8 LBY41 91623.1 — — — 1.81 0.17 15 — — — LBY41 91623.2 — — — 1.95 0.06 24 0.919 L 14 LBY173 91652.1 — — — 2.28 L 45 0.920 0.01 14 LBY173 91652.5 — — — 2.34 L 49 0.930 0.02 15 LBY173 91653.1 — — — — — — 0.871 0.21 8 LBY166 91542.5 — — — 1.89 0.10 20 0.912 0.02 13 LBY166 91544.3 — — — — — — 0.862 0.26 6 LBY166 91544.4 — — — — — — 0.876 0.12 8 LBY166 91544.5 — — — 1.98 0.04 26 0.967 L 19 CONT. — 0.0329 — — 1.57 — — 0.810 — — LBY85 92064.1 0.0389 0.05 19 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.2 0.0374 0.14 14 — — — — — — LBY85 92066.3 0.0362 0.23 11 2.28 L 22 — — — LBY85 92066.5 0.0404 L 24 — — — — — — LBY85 92068.3 — — — 2.03 0.25 8 — — — LBY64 91340.4 0.0392 0.03 20 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.2 0.0395 0.02 21 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.3 0.0366 0.17 12 — — — — — — LBY64 91342.6 0.0372 0.11 14 — — — — — — LBY46 92200.3 — — — 2.07 0.17 11 — — — LBY46 92201.2 0.0378 0.09 16 — — — — — — LBY46 92201.4 0.0382 0.07 17 2.19 0.06 17 — — — LBY46 92202.1 — — — — — — 0.850 0.23 7 LBY207 92155.1 0.0386 0.06 18 2.05 0.22 9 — — — LBY207 92157.3 — — — 2.14 0.08 14 — — — LBY207 92158.2 0.0413 0.03 26 2.07 0.19 10 — — — LBY185 91497.1 — — — 2.07 0.22 11 — — — LBY185 91497.2 — — — 2.28 L 22 — — — LBY185 91498.2 0.0390 0.04 20 — — — 0.854 0.20 8 LBY185 91499.2 0.0368 0.27 13 2.06 0.27 10 — — — LBY17 92216.2 0.0397 0.05 22 — — — — — — LBY155 92015.1 0.0406 0.02 24 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.4 0.0397 0.03 21 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.5 0.0377 0.14 16 — — — — — — LBY155 92016.7 0.0383 0.05 17 2.05 0.24 9 — — — LBY122 91370.2 0.0396 0.02 21 2.01 0.27 7 — — — LBY122 91371.2 0.0368 0.22 13 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 0.0382 0.14 17 2.13 0.07 14 — — — LBY122 91374.1 0.0402 0.01 23 2.16 0.04 15 — — — CONT. — 0.0327 — — 1.87 — — 0.792 — — LBY50 91318.2 0.0400 0.09 18 — — — — — — LBY24 91220.6 — — — 2.11 0.04 16 0.795 0.25 12 LBY24 91221.1 0.0377 0.25 11 — — — — — — LBY24 91221.2 0.0404 0.12 19 2.30 L 27 — — — LBY24 91223.3 0.0404 0.06 19 — — — — — — LBY21 90977.1 0.0374 0.25 10 — — — — — — LBY21 90978.4 0.0384 0.18 13 — — — — — — LBY21 90980.1 — — — 2.00 0.21 10 — — — LBY161 91292.1 0.0412 0.02 22 2.01 0.24 11 — — — LBY161 91292.3 — — — 1.97 0.27 9 0.791 0.23 11 LBY161 91293.3 — — — 2.22 0.02 22 — — — LBY152 91286.1 0.0397 0.06 17 — — — — — — LBY152 91287.1 0.0404 0.04 19 — — — — — — LBY152 91289.2 0.0378 0.24 12 — — — — — — LBY15 91143.4 — — — — — — 0.790 0.22 11 LBY15 91144.2 0.0378 0.27 12 2.16 0.03 19 — — — LBY15 91144.3 — — — 2.04 0.13 12 — — — LBY123 91428.2 — — — 2.15 0.03 18 0.782 0.29 10 LBY123 91429.2 — — — 2.15 0.04 19 — — — LBY123 91429.3 — — — 2.13 0.07 17 — — — LBY123 91429.6 — — — 2.24 0.02 23 — — — LBY114 91391.1 — — — — — — 0.783 0.22 10 LBY114 91391.2 0.0389 0.14 15 — — — — — — LBY114 91393.1 — — — 2.23 0.03 23 0.845 0.03 19 LBY114 91393.2 — — — 2.02 0.24 11 0.827 0.10 16 CONT. — 0.0338 — — 1.82 — — 0.711 — — LBY80 92269.2 — — — 1.51 0.28 9 — — — LBY80 92269.4 — — — 1.72 0.07 24 — — — LBY80 92270.1 0.0356 0.26 9 1.74 L 25 — — — LBY78 92311.3 0.0380 0.08 16 1.53 0.30 11 0.785 0.23 8 LBY78 92313.5 — — — 1.77 L 28 — — — LBY53 92414.1 — — — 1.61 0.07 16 — — — LBY53 92418.1 0.0366 0.12 12 1.52 0.25 10 — — — LBY153 92249.2 — — — 1.59 0.06 15 — — — LBY153 92252.2 — — — 1.63 0.09 18 0.799 0.23 10 LBY149 92246.3 — — — 1.94 L 40 0.847 0.02 16 LBY121 92291.2 — — — 1.64 0.05 18 — — — LBY121 92291.4 — — — 1.65 0.19 19 — — — LBY121 92293.2 — — — — — — 0.781 0.22 7 CONT. — 0.0327 — — 1.39 — — 0.728 — — LBY76 92642.1 — — — 1.99 0.29 15 — — — LBY70 92684.2 — — — 2.08 0.17 19 — — — LBY70 92685.5 0.0375 0.18 15 2.13 0.13 23 — — — LBY159 92150.4 — — — — — — 0.862 0.12 13 LBY159 92152.1 — — — 1.98 0.28 14 — — — LBY159 92153.1 — — — 2.06 0.21 19 — — — LBY156 92294.1 — — — — — — 0.838 0.24 10 LBY145 92605.1 0.0365 0.28 12 — — — — — — LBY145 92606.2 0.0364 0.23 12 2.05 0.18 18 — — — CONT. — 0.0325 — — 1.74 — — 0.762 — — LBY92 93921.2 — — — 4.54 L 142 0.973 0.01 21 LBY92 93923.3 — — — 4.35 L 132 0.877 0.24 9 LBY6 94110.2 — — — 2.21 0.18 18 — — — LBY20 94084.1 — — — 2.30 0.13 23 0.880 0.23 10 LBY20 94085.1 — — — 2.15 0.28 15 0.904 0.10 13 LBY148 93765.1 — — — 2.10 0.26 12 — — — LBY148 93768.1 0.0391 0.30 13 — — — — — — LBY106_H3 93916.1 — — — 2.10 0.30 12 — — — LBY106_H3 93918.1 — — — 2.21 0.17 18 0.905 0.11 13 CONT. — 0.0347 — — 1.87 — — 0.803 — — LBY50 91317.3 0.0387 0.21 10 1.92 0.10 19 0.803 0.27 9 LBY50 91318.4 0.0376 0.29 7 — — — — — — LBY24 91221.2 — — — 2.04 0.04 26 — — — LBY21 90979.2 — — — — — — 0.804 0.25 9 LBY21 90980.1 — — — 1.92 0.18 19 — — — LBY161 91294.1 0.0379 0.26 7 — — — 0.804 0.24 9 LBY15 91144.1 — — — 1.81 0.30 12 — — — LBY15 91144.2 — — — — — — 0.830 0.10 12 CONT. — 0.0353 — — 1.61 — — 0.738 — — LBY53 92416.1 — — — 2.00 0.12 18 0.841 0.06 10 LBY53 92418.1 — — — 1.97 0.13 17 — — — LBY31 92344.1 — — — 1.92 0.20 14 — — — LBY31 92344.2 — — — 2.11 0.03 24 — — — LBY31 92347.1 — — — 1.88 0.28 11 — — — LBY208 92358.1 0.0397 0.15 13 — — — — — — LBY207 92154.1 — — — 2.03 0.13 20 0.844 0.14 10 LBY207 92155.1 — — — 1.91 0.15 13 — — — LBY207 92157.3 — — — 2.28 L 35 — — — LBY207 92158.2 0.0382 0.29 9 — — — — — — LBY175 92179.1 — — — 2.07 0.07 22 0.819 0.17 7 LBY175 92181.3 — — — 2.13 0.03 26 — — — LBY175 92181.4 — — — 2.00 0.09 18 0.835 0.09 9 LBY140 92265.2 0.0381 0.28 9 1.96 0.10 16 — — — LBY140 92265.5 — — — 1.93 0.19 14 — — — LBY140 92266.3 — — — 2.03 0.06 20 — — — LBY116 92136.1 — — — 2.00 0.09 18 0.809 0.28 6 LBY116 92136.3 — — — 2.13 0.03 26 0.853 0.05 11 LBY116 92136.4 — — — 2.23 0.03 32 0.920 L 20 LBY116 92138.6 — — — 1.91 0.25 13 — — — CONT. — 0.0351 — — 1.69 — — 0.766 — — LBY181 92479.3 — — — 1.86 L 35 0.797 0.02 12 LBY167 92770.4 — — — 1.73 0.06 26 — — — LBY167 92772.2 — — — 1.56 0.28 13 — — — LBY167 92773.1 — — — 1.68 0.08 22 0.766 0.10 8 LBY167 92773.4 — — — 1.55 0.28 12 — — — LBY157 92802.2 — — — 1.74 0.02 26 0.750 0.21 6 LBY157 92802.3 — — — 2.14 L 55 — — — LBY157 92803.1 — — — 1.75 0.02 27 0.759 0.11 7 LBY157 92803.2 — — — 1.82 0.02 32 0.754 0.27 6 CONT. — — — — 1.38 — — 0.709 — — LBY41 91620.4 — — — 2.29 0.05 18 — — — LBY41 91621.2 — — — 2.32 0.05 19 0.854 0.07 15 LBY186 91655.4 — — — 2.26 0.07 16 0.811 0.25 10 LBY186 91657.1 — — — 2.32 0.04 19 0.846 0.12 14 LBY186 91659.1 — — — 2.27 0.07 17 0.816 0.27 10 LBY186 91659.3 — — — 2.41 0.01 24 0.830 0.20 12 LBY186 91659.4 — — — — — — 0.878 0.03 19 LBY166 91542.4 — — — — — — 0.876 0.03 18 LBY166 91542.5 — — — — — — 0.853 0.07 15 LBY166 91544.3 — — — — — — 0.886 0.02 20 LBY166 91544.4 — — — — — — 0.879 0.03 19 LBY166 91544.5 — — — — — — 0.953 L 29 CONT. — — — — 1.94 — — 0.740 — — LBY85 92066.2 0.0347 0.10 10 — — — 0.805 0.25 8 LBY85 92066.3 — — — 1.93 0.23 15 0.824 0.15 10 LBY85 92066.5 — — — 2.03 0.07 21 — — — LBY64 91340.4 — — — — — — 0.811 0.22 8 LBY64 91342.3 0.0342 0.17 9 — — — — — — LBY46 92200.3 — — — 1.91 0.26 14 — — — LBY46 92201.2 — — — 2.17 0.01 30 0.821 0.14 10 LBY46 92201.4 — — — 2.20 0.01 31 0.836 0.11 12 LBY17 92215.4 — — — — — — 0.820 0.14 10 LBY17 92216.3 — — — 1.95 0.16 16 — — — LBY17 92216.4 — — — 1.91 0.25 14 0.805 0.28 8 LBY155 92014.2 — — — — — — 0.808 0.22 8 LBY155 92015.1 0.0355 0.07 13 — — — 0.804 0.27 7 LBY122 91371.2 0.0343 0.19 9 1.87 0.27 12 — — — LBY122 91371.3 — — — 1.90 0.22 13 0.832 0.09 11 LBY122 91374.1 0.0346 0.15 10 — — — — — — LBY122 91371.6 — — — 1.96 0.16 17 — — — LBY122 91374.1 — — — 1.90 0.24 13 0.839 0.07 12 CONT. — 0.0315 — — 1.68 — — 0.748 — — Table 272. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.”-p-value, L-p < 0.01.

Results from T₁ Plants

Tables 273-275 summarize the observed phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing the gene constructs using the TC-T1 Assays (seedling analysis of T1 plants).

The genes presented in Tables 273-275 showed a significant improvement in plant biomass and root development since they produced a higher biomass (dry weight, Table 273), a larger leaf and root biomass (leaf area, root length and root coverage) (Table 274), and a higher relative growth rate of leaf area, and root coverage (Table 275) when grown under normal growth conditions, compared to control plants grown under identical growth conditions. Plants producing larger root biomass have better possibilities to absorb larger amount of nitrogen from soil. Plants producing larger leaf biomass have better ability to produce assimilates. The genes were cloned under the regulation of a constitutive promoter (At6669; SEQ ID NO: 10654). The evaluation of each gene was performed by testing the performance of different number of events. Some of the genes were evaluated in more than one seedling assay. This second experiment confirmed the significant increment in leaf and root performance. Event with p-value <0.1 was considered statistically significant.

TABLE 273 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Dry Weight [mg] Fresh Weight [mg] Gene P- % P- % Name Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY92 12.1 0.02 61 238.5 0.03 39 LBY20 9.92 L 31 — — — CONT. 7.56 — — 171.3 — — LBY86 — — — 138.1 0.14 17 LBY170 9.18 0.17 11 131.9 0.24 12 CONT. 8.26 — — 117.7 — — LBY92 12.2 0.15 26 231.9 0.10 37 LBY92 12.6 0.04 31 212.5 0.10 25 LBY92 14.3 L 48 262.3 L 55 CONT. 9.66 — — 169.8 — — Table 273. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 274 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter Leaf Roots Roots Length Area [cm2] Coverage [cm2] [cm] Gene P- % P- % P- % Name Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY4 — — — 11.3 0.21 15 — — — CONT. — — — 9.88 — — — — — LBY92 1.10 0.02 48 17.4 0.01 143 7.47 0.10 9 LBY6 — — — 8.76 0.11 22 — — — LBY216 0.868 0.24 16 10.1 0.05 41 7.84 0.02 15 LBY20 0.870 L 16 9.37 0.04 31 — — — LBY10 — — — 9.55 0.02 33 7.76 L 13 6_H3 CONT. 0.748 — — 7.17 — — 6.84 — — LBY3 — — — 10.6 0.20 11 — — — CONT. — — — 9.49 — — — — — LBY92 0.973 0.09 19 19.6 0.02 87 8.09 0.22 6 LBY92 1.05 L 28 16.1 L 53 — — — LBY92 1.16 L 42 20.2 L 92 8.37 0.05 10 CONT. 0.818 — — 10.5 — — 7.61 — — LGN62_ 0.847 L 48 11.6 L 53 7.76 0.26 6 H2 CONT. 0.574 — — 7.57 — — 7.34 — — Table 274. “CONT.” = Control; “Ave.” = Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

TABLE 275 Genes showing improved plant performance at Normal growth conditions under regulation of At6669 promoter RGR Of RGR Of RGR Of Leaf Area Roots Coverage Root Length Gene P- % P- % P- % Name Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. Ave. Val. Incr. LBY4 0.103 0.27 11 1.39 0.19 16 — — — CONT. 0.0928 — — 1.19 — — — — — LBY92 0.116 L 62 2.14 L 148 0.795 0.07 12 LBY6 — — — 1.07 0.07 24 — — — LBY216 0.0890 0.05 24 1.21 L 41 0.826 0.02 17 LBY20 0.0888 L 23 1.14 0.02 32 0.760 0.25 8 LBY10 — — — 1.15 0.01 33 0.801 0.04 13 6_H3 CONT. 0.0720 — — 0.863 — — 0.707 — — LBY3 — — — 1.27 0.24 13 — — — CONT. — — — 1.13 — — — — — LBY92 0.0980 0.21 15 2.41 L 88 0.849 0.25 12 LBY92 0.106 0.04 24 1.97 L 54 — — — LBY92 0.121 L 41 2.48 L 94 0.879 0.11 16 CONT. 0.0855 — — 1.28 — — 0.755 — — LGN62_ 0.0847 L 48 1.41 L 55 0.798 0.06 12 H2 CONT. 0.0573 — — 0.909 — — 0.711 — — Table 275. “CONT.”-Control; “Ave.”-Average; “% Incr.” = % increment; “p-val.” = p-value, L = p < 0.01.

Example 32 Evaluation of Transgenic Brachypodium NUE and Yield Under Low or Normal Nitrogen Fertilization in Greenhouse Assay

Assay 1: Nitrogen Use efficiency measured plant biomass and yield at limited and optimal nitrogen concentration under greenhouse conditions until heading—This assay follows the plant biomass formation and growth (measured by height) of plants which are grown in the greenhouse at limiting and non-limiting (e.g., normal) nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Brachypodium seeds are sown in peat plugs. The T₁ transgenic seedlings are then transplanted to 27.8×11.8×8.5 cm trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. The trays are irrigated with a solution containing nitrogen limiting conditions, which are achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 3 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of NH₄NO₃, supplemented with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂ and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels are achieved by applying a solution of 6 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of NH₄NO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 3.6 mM KCl and microelements. All plants are grown in the greenhouse until heading. Plant biomass (the above ground tissue) is weighted right after harvesting the shoots (plant fresh weight [FW]). Following, plants are dried in an oven at 70° C. for 48 hours and weighed (plant dry weight [DW]).

Each construct is validated at its T₁ generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying the BASTA selectable marker are used as control (FIG. 9B) or with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying the BASTA and Hygromycin selectable marker (FIG. 13, pQ6sN)).

The plants are analyzed for their overall size, fresh weight and dry matter. Transgenic plants performance is compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions. Mock-transgenic plants with no gene and no promoter at all, are used as control (e.g., FIGS. 9B and 13).

The experiment is planned in blocks and nested randomized plot distribution within them. For each gene of the invention five independent transformation events are analyzed from each construct.

Phenotyping

Plant Fresh and Dry shoot weight—In Heading assays when heading stage has completed (about day 30 from sowing), the plants are harvested and directly weighed for the determination of the plant fresh weight on semi-analytical scales (0.01 gr) (FW) and left to dry at 70° C. in a drying chamber for about 48 hours before weighting to determine plant dry weight (DW).

Time to Heading—In both Seed Maturation and Heading assays heading is defined as the full appearance of the first spikelet in the plant. The time to heading occurrence is defined by the date the heading is completely visible. The time to heading occurrence date is documented for all plants and then the time from planting to heading was calculated. It should be noted that a negative increment (in percentages) when found in time to heading indicates potential for drought avoidance.

Leaf thickness—In Heading assays when minimum 5 plants per plot in at least 90% of the plots in an experiment have been documented at heading, measurement of leaf thickness is performed using a micro-meter on the second leaf below the flag leaf.

Plant Height—In both Seed Maturation and Heading assays once heading is completely visible, the height of the first spikelet is measured from soil level to the bottom of the spikelet.

Tillers number—In Heading assays manual count of tillers is preformed per plant after harvest, before weighing.

These results demonstrate that the polynucleotides of the invention are capable of improving yield and additional valuable important agricultural traits such as increase of biomass, abiotic stress tolerance, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, vigor, fiber yield and/or quality. Thus, transformed plants showing improved fresh and dry weight demonstrate the gene capacity to improve biomass, a key trait of crops for forage and plant productivity; transformed plants showing improvement of seed yield demonstrate the genes capacity to improve plant productivity; transformed plants showing improvement of plot coverage and rosette diameter demonstrate the genes capacity to improve plant drought resistance as they reduce the loss of soil water by simple evaporation and reduce the competition with weeds; hence reduce the need to use herbicides to control weeds. Transformed plants showing improvement of relative growth rate of various organs (leaf and root) demonstrate the gene capacity to promote plant growth and hence shortening the needed growth period and/or alternatively improving the utilization of available nutrients and water leading to increase of land productivity; Transformed plants showing improvement of organ number, as demonstrated by the leaf number parameter, exhibit a potential to improve biomass and yield important for forage and plant productivity; Transformed plants showing increased root length and coverage demonstrate the gene capacity to improve drought resistance and better utilization of fertilizers as the roots can reach larger soil volume; Transformed plants showing improvement of leaf petiole relative area and leaf blade area demonstrate the genes capacity to cope with limited light intensities results from increasing the plant population densities and hence improve land productivity.

Example 33 Evaluation of Transgenic Brachypodium Nue and Yield Under Low or Normal Nitrogen Fertilization in Greenhouse Assay

Assay 2: Nitrogen Use efficiency measured plant biomass and yield at limited and optimal nitrogen concentration under greenhouse conditions until Seed Maturation—This assay follows the plant biomass and yield production of plants that were grown in the greenhouse at limiting and non-limiting nitrogen growth conditions. Transgenic Brachypodium seeds are sown in peat plugs. The T₁ transgenic seedlings are then transplanted to 27.8×11.8×8.5 cm trays filled with peat and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. The trays are irrigated with a solution containing nitrogen limiting conditions, which are achieved by irrigating the plants with a solution containing 3 mM inorganic nitrogen in the form of NH₄NO₃, supplemented with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 3.6 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂ and microelements, while normal nitrogen levels are achieved by applying a solution of 6 mM inorganic nitrogen also in the form of NH₄NO₃ with 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 1 mM MgSO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 3.6 mM KCl and microelements. All plants are grown in the greenhouse until seed maturation. Each construct is validated at its T₁ generation. Transgenic plants transformed with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying the BASTA selectable marker are used as control (FIG. 9B) or with a construct conformed by an empty vector carrying the BASTA and Hygromycin selectable marker (FIG. 13).

The plants are analyzed for their overall biomass, fresh weight and dry matter, as well as a large number of yield and yield components related parameters. Transgenic plants performance is compared to control plants grown in parallel under the same conditions. Mock-transgenic plants are with no gene and no promoter at all. The experiment is planned in blocks and nested randomized plot distribution within them. For each gene of the invention five independent transformation events are analyzed from each construct.

Phenotyping

Plant Fresh and Dry vegetative weight—In Seed Maturation assays when maturity stage has completed (about day 80 from sowing), the plants are harvested and directly weighed for the determination of the plant fresh weight (FW) and left to dry at 70° C. in a drying chamber for about 48 hours before weighting to determine plant dry weight (DW).

Spikelets Dry weight (SDW)—In Seed Maturation assays when maturity stage has completed (about day 80 from sowing), the spikelets are separated from the biomass, left to dry at 70° C. in a drying chamber for about 48 hours before weighting to determine spikelets dry weight (SDW).

Grain Yield per Plant—In Seed Maturation assays after drying of spikelets for SDW, spikelets are run through production machine, then through cleaning machine, until seeds are produced per plot, then weighed and Grain Yield per Plant is calculated.

Grain Number—In Seed Maturation assays after seeds per plot are produced and cleaned, the seeds are run through a counting machine and counted.

1000 Seed Weight—In Seed Maturation assays after seed production, a fraction is taken from each sample (seeds per plot; ˜0.5 gr), counted and photographed. 1000 seed weight is calculated.

Harvest Index—In Seed Maturation assays after seed production, harvest index is calculated by dividing grain yield and vegetative dry weight.

Time to Heading—In both Seed Maturation and Heading assays heading is defined as the full appearance of the first spikelet in the plant. The time to heading occurrence is defined by the date the heading is completely visible. The time to heading occurrence date is documented for all plants and then the time from planting to heading was calculated.

Leaf thickness—In Heading assays when minimum 5 plants per plot in at least 90% of the plots in an experiment have been documented at heading, measurement of leaf thickness is performed using a micro-meter on the second leaf below the flag leaf.

Grain filling period—In Seed Maturation assays maturation is defined by the first color-break of spikelet+stem on the plant, from green to yellow/brown.

Plant Height—In both Seed Maturation and Heading assays once heading is completely visible, the height of the first spikelet is measured from soil level to the bottom of the spikelet.

Tillers number—In Heading assays manual count of tillers is preformed per plant after harvest, before weighing.

Number of reproductive heads per plant—In Heading assays manual count of heads per plant is performed.

Statistical analyses—To identify genes conferring significantly improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, the results obtained from the transgenic plants are compared to those obtained from control plants. To identify outperforming genes and constructs, results from the independent transformation events tested are analyzed separately. Data is analyzed using Student's t-test and results are considered significant if the p value is less than 0.1. The JMP statistics software package was used (Version 5.2.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA).

Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.

LENGTHY TABLES The patent contains a lengthy table section. A copy of the table is available in electronic form from the USPTO web site (https://seqdata.uspto.gov/?pageRequest=docDetail&DocID=US10975383B2). An electronic copy of the table will also be available from the USPTO upon request and payment of the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.19(b)(3). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of selecting a plant having increased leaf blade area and leaf number as compared to a control plant, the method comprising: (a) transforming a cell of the plant with a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the full-length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 623, and a promoter for directing transcription of said nucleic acid sequence in said plant cell, wherein said promoter is heterologous to said polynucleotide, (b) generating plants from said plant cell, and (c) selecting said plants for increased leaf blade area and leaf number as compared to non-transformed plants of the same species under the same growth conditions, thereby selecting the plant having the increased leaf blade area and leaf number.
 2. A method of selecting a plant having increased leaf blade area and leaf number under drought stress as compared to a control plant, the method comprising: (a) transforming a cell of the plant with a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 623, and 7276-7293, and a promoter for directing transcription of said nucleic acid sequence in said plant cell, wherein said promoter is heterologous to said polynucleotide, (b) generating plants from said plant cell, and (c) selecting said plants under drought stress conditions for increased leaf blade area and leaf number as compared to non-transformed plants of the same species under the same growth conditions, thereby selecting the plant having increased leaf blade area and leaf number under drought stress.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 377, 72 and 2259-2283.
 4. A method of producing a crop, the method comprising growing a crop plant transformed with a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the full-length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 623, and a promoter for directing transcription of said nucleic acid sequence in said plant cell, wherein said promoter is heterologous to said polynucleotide, wherein the crop plant is derived from plants which comprise said nucleic acid construct and which have been selected under drought stress conditions for increased leaf blade area and leaf number as compared to non-transformed plants of the same species under the same growth conditions, and wherein the crop plant has increased leaf blade area and leaf number under the drought stress conditions, thereby producing the crop.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 623, and 7276-7277.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 377, 72 and 2259-2260.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said amino acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO:
 623. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 377 or
 72. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein said amino acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO:
 623. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 377 or
 72. 11. A method of increasing leaf blade area and leaf number of a plant, the method comprising: (a) expressing within the plant a heterologous polynucleotide which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the full-length amino acid sequence set forth by SEQ ID NO: 623, and a promoter for directing transcription of said nucleic acid sequence in said plant cell, wherein said promoter is heterologous to said polynucleotide, (b) selecting said plants resultant of step (a) for a statistically significant increase in leaf blade area and leaf number as compared to non-transformed plants of the same species under the same growth conditions, wherein each of said statistically significant increases has a p-value less than 0.1, thereby increasing the leaf blade area and leaf number of the plant.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said amino acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO:
 623. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 377 or
 72. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said selecting of step (c) is carried out under drought stress conditions thereby selecting the plant having increased leaf blade area and leaf number under drought stress.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said amino acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO:
 623. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said nucleic acid sequence is set forth by SEQ ID NO: 377 or
 72. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein said selecting of step (b) is carried out under drought stress conditions, thereby increasing leaf blade area and leaf number of the plant under drought stress conditions. 